Preliminary Data Do Not Cite
1
Marine Water Quality in California: An Evaluation of 24 Years of National Mussel Watch Data.
Dominic Gregorio and Yujie JinDivision of Water Quality
State Water Resource Control Board
2011 NorCal SETAC Annual MeetingMay 5, 2011
2
NOAA National Mussel Watch Program
• Historic data, years 1986-2009• Currently 71 sites (historic data
65 sites) along CA coastline• Resident mussels• 150 contaminants monitored
To support ecosystem-based management and describe the status and trends of contaminants
This presentation will focus on DDT, PCB, TBT, PAH, and Cu
Preliminary DataDo Not Cite
3
DDT trend (1986-2009)
• Declined at 26 sites, significantly declined at 13 sites. • Biggest downward trend at Royal Palms (White Point) on the
Palos Verdes Peninsula, where DDT dropped from 1061.1 ppb dw in 1986 to 274.77 ppb dw in 2008.
• Highest DDT concentration at San Francisco Bay Emeryville site (2118.25 ppb dw, in 1998).
• Of the sites with initial concentrations above 20 ppb dw, there are increasing (but not statistically significant) trends evident at only two stations, at Moss Landing and Emeryville (in San Francisco Bay).
Preliminary DataDo Not Cite
4
Significant decrease at Royal Palms (White Point)
Highest concentration
Increasing trend,
but not significant
Preliminary Data - Do Not Cite
Preliminary Data - Do Not Cite
5
DDT Concentration 2007-2009 at ASBS
0.01
0.1
1
10
100
1000
10000P
oint
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Con
cent
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n (p
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ryw
eigh
t)
ASBS Median85 percentile
South North
DDT Status (2007-2009 samples, in or adjacent to ASBS)
Highest concentration statewide
→
Preliminary Data - Do Not Cite
6
Total DDT Concentration 2007-2009 at enclosed bay and open coastal non ASBS
0
50
100
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reek
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eka -
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t Ba y
jet t y
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s cen
t Ci ty
Sites
Con
cent
ratio
n (p
pb/ d
ry w
eigh
t)
Encolosed bayOpen Coastal non ASBSMedian85 percentile
South North SouthSouth NorthSouth
DDT Status (2007-2009 samples, open coast & enclosed bays)
Preliminary Data - Do Not Cites
7
• Total BT declined at 33 out of 35 stations,
• 18 out of 35 stations had significant declines.
• 2 stations, Santa Cruz Island (Fraser Point) and Point Conception show upward trends, but neither were significant.
• This is undoubtedly due to the phase out of TBT based hull coatings.
Total Butyltin Trend (1986-2005 samples)
Preliminary DataDo Not Cite
8
Total BT trend in SF Bay
Preliminary Data - Do Not Cite
Preliminary Data - Do Not Cite
9
PCBs Trend (1986-2009)
• 35 sites with sufficient number of samples, PCBs declined at most stations.• 8 had low initial concentrations (<10 ppb dw), not expected to show sig. declines
• 21 showed no significant trend
• 6 exhibited significant declines.
• Sites with significant declines:• Anaheim Bay
• Mission Bay
• Point Loma
• Royal Palms/White Point
• San Pedro Harbor Fishing Pier
• San Francisco Bay San Mateo Bridge
• Largest statistically significant decline was at Royal Palms• concentrations dropped from 130 ppb dw in 1990 to about 40 ppb dw in 2007.
Preliminary DataDo Not Cite
10
PCBs Trend
Preliminary Data - Do Not Cite
Preliminary Data - Do Not Cite
11
South North
PCBs Status (2007-2009 samples, in or adjacent to ASBS)PCB Concentration 2007-2009 at ASBS
0.1
1
10
100
1000
Poi
nt L
a Jo
lla
Scr
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Nic
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lter
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mat
h R
.
Site
Con
cent
ratio
n (p
pb/d
ryw
eigh
t)
ASBS Median85 percentile
Preliminary Data - Do Not Cite
12
Total PCB Concentration 2007-2009 at enclosed bay and open coastal non ASBS
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
800
900
Tiju
ana
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b ol d
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sce n
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Sites
Con
cent
ratio
n (p
pb/ d
ry w
eigh
t)Encolosed bayOpen Coastal non ASBSMedian85 percentile
NorthSouth NorthSouth
PCBs Status (2007-2009 samples, open coast & enclosed bays)
Highest concentration
← statewide
Preliminary Data - Do Not Cite
13
Total PAHs Trends (1986-2009)
• Twenty one out of 35 sites show upward trends• 5 of these were statistically significant increases:
– Anaheim Bay– Eureka/Humboldt Bay– Oceanside Municipal Beach– Point Santa Barbara– San Simeon Point.
• 4 sites had significant declines:– Mission Bay Ventura Bridge– San Diego Bay Coronado Bridge– San Diego Bay Harbor Island– San Francisco Bay Dumbarton Bridge
• The largest PAHs concentrations (48,453.4 ppb dw) were at Yerba Buena Island in San Francisco Bay (2008) following the Cosco Busan oil spill.
Preliminary Data - Do Not Cite
14
Total PAHs Trends (1986-2009)Trend of Total PAHs concentration at San Simeon Point
San Simeon Point
y = 4.7547x ‐ 9428R2 = 0.4251
0
50
100
150
200
1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015Year
Conc
entration (ug/ dry g)
Preliminary Data - Do Not Cite
15
South North
PAH Status (2007-2009 samples, in or adjacent to ASBS)PCB Concentration 2007-2009 at ASBS
1
10
100
1000P
oint
La
Jolla
Scr
ipps
Ree
f
San
Nic
olas
Isla
nd
Sou
th C
atal
ina
Isla
nd
Cry
s tal
Cov
e S
tate
Bea
ch
New
port
Bea
ch
Poi
nt D
ume
Ana
capa
Isla
nd
San
Mig
uel I
s lan
d
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ta C
ruz
Isla
nd
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Sta
irs
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u La
goon
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urns
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nt L
obos
Car
mel
Bay
Pac
ific
Gro
ve L
over
s P
oint
Ano
Nue
vo Is
land
Fara
llon
Isla
nds
Dux
bur y
Ree
f
Poi
nt R
eyes
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ega
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Hea
d
Ger
stle
Cov
e
Sea
Ran
ch
Pt.
Del
gada
She
lter
Cov
e
Kla
mat
h R
.
Site
Con
cent
ratio
n (p
pb/d
ryw
eigh
t)
ASBS Median85 percentile
Preliminary Data - Do Not Cite
16
Total PAH Concentration 2007-2009 at enclosed bay and open coastal non ASBS
1
10
100
1000
10000
100000
Tiju
ana
Ri v
e r E
stua
ryS
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ndi n
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onte
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ta C
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nt A
ren a
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d ing
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e kE
u rek
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umb o
ldt B
a y je
t tyC
res c
e nt C
i ty
Sites
Con
cent
ratio
n (p
pb/ d
ry w
eigh
t)
Encolosed bayOpen Coastal non ASBSMedian85 percentile
NorthSouth NorthSouth
Highest concentration
statewide →
PAH Status (2007-2009 samples, open coast & enclosed bays)Preliminary Data - Do Not Cite
17
Copper Trend (1986-2009)• Copper declined at most of the NOAA mussel watch stations; however only
five stations exhibited significant declines: • Point Dume• Anaheim Bay• Marina Del Rey• San Diego Bay Coronado Bridge• Royal Palms.
• Two of these sites (Anaheim Bay and Royal Palms) were among those sites which initially had low concentrations.
• The largest statistically significant decline is at Coronado Bridge• Copper dropped from 35 ppm dw in 1992 to about 12 ppm dw in 2008.
• 3 sites with significant increasing trends (but low initial conc. < 10 ppm):• Shelter Cove• Point Arena• San Simeon Point Preliminary Data
Do Not Cite
18
Copper Trend (1986-2009)
Trend of Cu concentration at Point Dume Point Dume
y = -0.1184x + 244.01R2 = 0.3479
02468
1012
1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010Year
Con
cent
ratio
n (p
pbdw
)
Trend of Cu concentration at Anaheim Bay- West Jetty
y = -0.1608x + 329.41R2 = 0.333
02468
101214
1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010Year
Con
cent
ratio
n (u
g/dr
yg)
Trend of Cu concentration at Pt. Delgada Shelter Cove
y = 0.2647x - 518.55R2 = 0.4935
02468
1012141618
1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010Year
Con
cent
ratio
n(ug
/gdr
ywei
ght
Trend of Cu concentration at Marina Del Rey South Jetty
y = -0.1801x + 368.04R2 = 0.3261
02468
101214
1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010Year
Con
cent
ratio
n (p
pb d
w)
Preliminary Data - Do Not Cite
Preliminary Data Do Not Cite
19
South North
Copper Status (2007-2009 samples, in or adjacent to ASBS)
Highest concentration
statewide →
Copper Concentration 2007-2009 at ASBS
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
18
Poi
nt L
a Jo
lla
Scr
ipps
Ree
f
San
Nic
olas
Isla
n d
Sou
th C
atal
ina
Isla
nd
Cry
stal
Cov
e S
tate
Bea
ch
New
port
Bea
ch
Poi
nt D
ume
Ana
capa
Isla
nd
San
Mig
uel I
slan
d
San
ta C
ruz
Isla
nd
Old
Sta
irs
Mug
u La
goon
Julia
P. B
urns
Poi
nt L
obos
Car
mel
Bay
Pac
ific
Gro
ve L
over
s P
oin t
Ano
Nue
vo Is
land
Fara
llon
Isla
nds
Dux
bury
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f
Nat
iona
l Sea
shor
e
Bod
ega
Bay
Hea
d
Ger
stle
Cov
e
Sea
Ran
ch
Pt.
Del
gada
She
lter
Cov
e
Kla
mat
h R
.
Site
Con
cent
ratio
n (p
pb/d
ryw
eigh
t)
ASBS Median85 percentile
Preliminary Data - Do Not Cite
20
Copper Concentration 2007-2009 at enclosed bay and open coastal non ASBS
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
18
Tiju
ana
Ri v
e r E
stu a
ryS
D B
ay C
oron
a do
Bri d
g eS
D B
ay H
arbo
r Isl
a nd
Ven
tura
Brid
ge M
i ssi
on B
ay
Agu
a h e
dion
da l a
goon
New
port
bay
PC
H B
ri dge
San
Ped
ro H
a rb o
r F
ish i
n g P
i er
Lon g
Be a
ch
Ana
heim
Bay
Lo
s A
n gel
es R
iver
mou
t h
Ma r
ina
Del
Re y
Sa n
Lui
s O
b is p
o B
a y 2
008
San
Lu i
s O
bisp
o B
a y 2
009
Mo r
ro B
ayS
F B
ay D
umb a
rton
Bri d
geS
F B
a y S
an M
a te o
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geS
F B
ay Y
erba
Bue
n a 2
0 09
SF
Bay
Yer
b a B
u ena
200 8
SF
Bay
Em
eryv
i lle
T om
a les
Bay
Eur
eka
Sam
o a B
r.
Impe
ri al B
each
C
ard i
f f R
eef
Oce
ansi
de
Dan
a P
o in t
Pal
o s V
e rd e
s R
edo n
do B
each
S
anta
Mon
i ca
Bay
Ca r
p in t
e ri a
Sta
te B
each
P
oint
San
ta B
arb a
raA
rro y
o H
ond o
S
an S
ime o
n P
t. 20
0 9S
a n S
imeo
n P
t . 20
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o nte
rey
Ba y
- Mo s
s La
ndi n
gM
o nte
rey
Bay
- Sa n
t a C
ruz
Poi
nt A
rena
Pud
d ing
Cre
e kE
urek
a -H
u mbo
l dt B
a y j e
t t y
Cre
scen
t Cit y
Sites
Con
cent
ratio
n (p
pm/ d
ry w
eigh
t)Encolosed bayOpen Coastal non ASBSMedian85 percentile
South North NorthSouth
North Coast generally high →
Copper Status (2007-2009 samples, open coast & enclosed bays)
Preliminary Data - Do Not Cite
21
Conclusions• DDT, PCB, and Butyltins are generally decreasing in mussel tissue • Total PAHs are generally increasing in mussel tissue
– Highest recent concentrations in SF Bay after oil spill– But some sites in San Diego and San Francisco show decreases
• Copper concentrations declined at most stations, but there were increasing concentrations at certain sites on the central and north coast– Highest recent concentrations at sites in San Diego, Redondo and on the
North Coast• Most ASBS have lower concentrations of contaminants in mussel tissue than
non-protected open coastal and enclosed bay sites– Exceptions
• Mugu Lagoon (DDT, PCB) • Shelter Cove (Cu)
• Most open coastal sites have lower concentrations of contaminants in mussel tissue than enclosed bay sites
Preliminary Data - Do Not Cite
