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DEPARTMENT OF MARINE BIOLOGY Syllabus for M.Sc., Marine Biology (CBCS) Course Duration: 2 Years (With Effect from July 2017-18) VIKRAMA SIMHAPURI UNIVERSITY KAKUTUR, NELLORE
DEPARTMENT OF MARINE BIOLOGY
Syllabus forM.Sc., Marine Biology
(CBCS)
Course Duration: 2 Years
(With Effect from July 2017-18)
VIKRAMA SIMHAPURI UNIVERSITYKAKUTUR, NELLORE
DEPARTMENT OF MARINE BIOLOGYVIKRAMA SIMHAPURI UNIVERSITY::KAKUTUR
NELLORE
M.Sc., Marine Biology Syllabus-July 2017 OnwardsSemester Pattern/ CBCS System
Course Code Theory & Practical Credit
PointsAssessment Total
MarksInternal ExternalI SEMESTER
MB 101 Introduction to Marine Biology 4 30 70 100MB 102 Marine Ecology 4 30 70 100MB 103 Marine Invertebrates 4 30 70 100MB 104 Marine Vertebrates 4 30 70 100MBP 101 Practical-I: Marine Biology & Ecology 4 100MBP 102 Practical-II: Marine Invertebrates & Vertebrates 4 100CBCS Human values & Professional Ethics-I 4 30 70 100
II SEMESTERMB 201 Physical & Chemical Oceanography 4 30 70 100MB 202 Biological Oceanography 4 30 70 100MB 203 Fishery Science 4 30 70 100MB 204 Cell Biology & Immunology 4 30 70 100MBP 201 Practical-I: General & Biological Oceanography 4 100MBP 202 Practical-II: Fishery Science, Cell Biology & Immunology 4 100CBCS Foundation Course in Computer Application 4 30 70 100
III SEMESTERMB 301 Physiology & Biochemistry 4 30 70 100MB 302 Coastal Aquaculture 4 30 70 100MB 303 Fish Processing Technology 4 30 70 100MB 304 Fish Nutrition and Feed Technology 4 30 70 100MBP 301 Practical-I: Coastal Aquaculture & Fish Processing
Technology4 100
MBP 302 Practical-II: Physiology, Biochemistry & Feed Technology
4 100
CBCS Human values & Professional Ethics-II 4 30 70 100IV SEMESTER
MB 401 Marine Microbiology and Analytical Techniques 4 30 70 100MB 402 Marine Biotechnology and Biostatistics 4 30 70 100MB 403 Ocean Management & Remote Sensing 4 30 70 100MB 404 Pollution & Toxicology 4 30 70 100MBP 401 Practical-I: Marine Microbiology ,Biotechnology&
Biostatistics4 100
MBP 402 Internship 6 30 70 100CBCS Foundation Course in Computer Application 4 30 70 100
Total Marks 2800
VIKRAMA SIMHAPURI UNIVERSITY::KAKUTUR
NELLORE DEPARTMENT OF MARINE BIOLOGY
M.Sc., Marine BiologySemester – I
THEORY MB 101: Introduction to Marine Biology
Unit 1: Marine Environment 14 Hours
The Sea as biological environment – Classification of the marine environment and
primary biotic divisions; Environmental conditions in relation to biotic divisions.
Unit 2: Phytoplankton 16 Hours
Classification, composition, and adaptations to planktonic life; Availability, seasonal
variations and factors affecting distribution and abundance; Red tide phenomenon-
causes and effects. Biological productivity, Primary production: Methods of
measuring Primary production, latitudinal variations, factors affecting primary
production, productivity in relation to fisheries.
Unit 3: Zooplankton 16 Hours
Classification, composition, distribution and adaptations; Factors affecting abundance;
Phytoplankton-Zooplankton relationships, diurnal vertical migrations; Indicator
species among zooplankton; Measuring secondary production; Oceanic Nekton.
Unit 4: Benthos 14 Hours
Benthos - Methods of collection and analysis; Shallow water marine macro benthic
communities; Meiobenthos; Deep-Sea - Life and environmental conditions.
Adaptations of the deep sea fauna. Marine Bio-deterioration - Fouling and boring
organisms.
REFERENCE BOOKS:
1 Nybakken, J.W. Marine Biology An ecological approach. Harper Collins College Publishers, New York.
2 Fincham, AA. Basic Marine Biology. Cambridge University Press.3 Sverdrup, HU, MW Johnson and RH Fleming. The oceans, their physics,
chemistry and general biology. Prentice Hall, Engel wood cliffs.4 Boaden, JS and R. Seed. An Introduction to coastal Ecology, Chapman and
Hall, New York.5 Raymont, JEG. Plankton and Productivity in the Oceans. A Pergmon Press,
New York.6 Wickstead, JH. An introduction to the study of tropical plankton. Hutchinson.
MB 102: Marine Ecology
Unit 1: Physico – Chemical Properties of the Sea 18 Hours
Physical Characteristics of the marine environment-Temperature, Temperature-salinity
relationship, light, Pressure, Tides, Currents, Waves. Chemical Characteristics of the
marine environment-Salinity, Oxygen, carbon dioxide, PH, Nitrogen, Phosphorus,
Calcium, organic matter. Coral reef biome.
Unit 2: Population Ecology 14 Hours
Characteristics of a population-Growth rate, Natality, Mortality. Dispersal, Biotic
potential and concept of carrying capacity. Population growth form, Logistic curve.
Concept of density dependent and density independent action in population control.
Unit 3: Population Interactions 14 Hours
Negative interactions - Competition, Predation, prey predator relationship, parasitism and
parasitic adaptations ,antibiosis. Positive interactions: Commensalism, Proto cooperation
and mutualism. Ecosystem modelling.
Unit 4: Community Ecology 14 Hours
Characteristics of a community:- Community dominance, species diversity indices,
concept of niche, ectones and the concept of edge effect. Ecological succession: Causes,
trends and basic types of succession, general process of succession. Hydrosere and
Lithosere.
REFERENCE BOOKS:1. Begon, M., J.L. Harper and CR Townsend. Ecology, Individuals, Populations and
Communities. Blackwell Science, Oxford, UK.2. Koromondy, E.J. Concepts of ecology, Prentice and Hall, New Delhi.3. Clarke, GL. Elements of Ecology, New York: John wiley and sons.4. Odum, EP., Fundamentals of Ecology. Philadelphia; WB Saunders.5. Krebs, CJ. Ecology. Harper & Row, New York.6. Jorgensen, S.E. Fundamentals of Ecological modelling Elsevier, New York.
MB 103: Marine Invertebrates
Unit 1: Major Phyla 16 Hours
General principles of taxonomy – characteristic features of invertebrates, classification
up to order level - Protozoa, Porifera, Coelenterata, Annelida, Arthropoda with special
reference to Crustacea, Mollusca and Echinodermata.
Unit 2: Minor Phyla 14 Hours
Functional morphology, development and evolution: Nemertinea, Endoprocta,
Ectoprocta, Phoronida and Pogonophora; Classification, distribution, morphology,
anatomy, and evolution of Chaetognatha and Brachiopoda.
Unit 3: Crustacea 16 Hours
Classification, comparative morphology, crustacean appendages, larval forms and their
phylogeny, life history of selected species e.g. Penaeids and Brachyurans.
Unit 4: Mollusca & Echinodermata 14 Hours
Mollusca-Classification, General characters with reference to bivalves and gastropods,
Torsion in Gastropoda, Echinodermata - Classification and General characters, Water
vascular system, larval forms, their comparative morphology and evolutionary
significance.
REFERENCE BOOKS:
1. Hyman, 1967. The Invertebrate Zoology Vols, I to Vl. McGraw Hill Book Co. Ltd., New York.
2. Kaestner, A., 1967. Invertebrate Zoology Vols. 1 to III. Wiley Interscience Publishers, New York.
3. Barnes, R.D., 1980. Invertebrate Zoology. 4 !h Edition. Saunders College Publishers, Philadelphia.
4. Ruppert, E.E. and R.D. Barnes, 1994. Invertebrate Zoology 6 th Edition. Saunders College Publishers, Philadelphia.
MB 104: Marine Vertebrates
Unit 1: Origin of Chordates 16 Hours
Geological time scale - progression of vertebrates through time, chordate features and
theories on the origin of chordates; Prochordata - classification and comparative
morphology. Characteristic features of ancestral vertebrates.
Unit 2: Bony Fishes 16 Hours
Characteristic features and classification of marine bony fishes and Dipnoi fishes.
Classification and evolution of jawless and primitive vertebrates. Evolution and adaptive
radiation of elasmobranchs and bony fishes.
Unit 3: Marine Reptiles and Birds 14 Hours
General characters and classification of reptiles, Reptilian features of symuria. mammal-
like reptiles, sea snakes and marine turtles. General characters and classification of Aves
– marine birds, migration, aerial adaptations of birds, importance of marine birds.
Unit 4: Marine Mammals 14 Hours
General characters and classification of mammals – aquatic mammals, adaptations and
evolution of Cetacea and Sirenia ; Adaptations for life in the Sea.
REFERENCE BOOKS:
1. Robert T. Orr. 1976. Vertebrate Biology. W.B. Saunders Company. Philadelphia p. 472.
2. Farland, W.N., Punch, F.H., Cod, T.J. and Heisser, J.B., 1979. Vertebrate Life -Collier; Macmillan International Edition. Macmillan Publishing Company Inc.. New York.
3. Young, J.A., 1981. The Life of Vertebrates. Oxford University Press. New York.4. Minkoff, E.C., 1983. Evolutionary Biology, Addison Wesley Publishing
Company, Massachusetts.5. Lull. R.S. 1984. Organic Evolution. Seema Publication, New Delhi.6. Colbert. Edwin. H. 1989. Evolution of the vertebrates. Wiley Eastern Ltd., New
Delhi. P. 535.7. Strickberger, W. Monroe, 1996. Evolution. Jones and Barlett
Publishers. Massachusetts, p. 670.
PRACTICALS
MBP-101: Marine Biology and Ecology
1. Enumeration and identification of phytoplankton.
2. Zooplankton species - composition and identification.
3. Primary productivity estimation: Light and dark bottle technique.
4. Estimation of dissolved oxygen by Winkler’s method.
5. Estimation of salinity in different estuarine and coastal waters.
6. Qualitative and quantitative techniques of plankton analysis.
7. Identification of rocky, sandy, free floating and estuarine fauna.
8. Identification of marine fouler and borers.
9. Identification of aquatic weeds.
10. Identification of aquatic insects.
11. Estimation of Phosphates.
12. Estimation of transparency.
13. Identification of coastal invertebrate fauna.
14. Identification of locally available Seaweeds and Mangrove plants.
15. Field Visit: Observation of sandy shore environment and submission of report.
MBP-102: Marine Invertebrates & Vertebrates
1. Identification of selected invertebrate and vertebrate species.
2. Dissection and display of digestive, nervous and reproductive systems of
(a) Fin-fish and
(b) Shell-fish.
3. Identification of coastal invertebrate fauna.
4. Larval stages and appendages of shrimps.
5. Anatomy of gastropod and bivalve.
6. Identification of minor phyla.
7. Mounting of gastropod radula.
8. Slides of prochordates (Cephalochordata,. Hemichordate and Urochordata).
9. Functional morphology of respiratory organs- aquatic animals - gills of shark, mullet.
10. Field trip - Identification of migratory birds at Pulicot , Nelapattu and submission of
report.
Semester – II
THEORY
MB 201: Physical & Chemical Oceanography
Unit 1: Chemical composition of seawater 14 HoursIonic composition of seawater, major and minor constituents, trace elements, their importance and distribution; Concept of chlorinity and salinity; Nitrogen, phosphorus and silicon cycles.
Unit 2: Dissolved gases & Marine sediments 16 HoursCarbon dioxide system in the sea; oxygen in the sea, hypoxia related issues in the marine environment, hydrogen sulphide, noble gases – methane. Origin and physical properties of sediments, classification of marine sediments; distribution and transport of sediments, granulometry; organic matter in the marine sediments.
Unit 3: Ocean dynamics 14 HoursSub marine Topography, Ocean currents, forces causing surface and deep currents, trade winds and monsoon, wind driven and thermohaline circulation, Ekman spiral, upwelling and sinking, waves-Tides.
Unit 4: Oceanographic Instruments 16 Hours Grab (Petersen, vanVeen, Smith-McIntyre) for benthos collection, naturalist’s dredge (Ekman, Sanders deep-sea anchor dredge), Plankton nets, Continuous plankton recorder, Multiple Plankton Sampling System; Reversing Nansen bottles, reversing thermometer, salinometer, bathythermograph, secchi disc, Ekman current meter, echosounders, CTD, underwater photographic equipment, SCUBA apparatus.
REFERENCE BOOKS:
1. Sverdrup, H.U., M.W. Johnson and R.H. Flemming 1958. The Oceans - their Physics, Chemistry and General Biology. Prentice - Hall Inc. New Jersey.
2. Reading in Earth Sciences (vol. 1 to III) 1975. Scientific American Resource Library. W.H. Freeman & Co.
3. McCormick, J.M. and J.V. Thiruvathakal, 1976. Elements of Oceanography. W.B. Saunders, Philadelphia.
4. Neshyba, S. 1987. Oceanography: perspectives on a fluid earth. John Wiley & Sons. New York.
5. Gross, G". 1993. Oceanography: A view of the earth (sixth edition). Prentice - Hall Inc.. New Jersy.
6. Pickard, G.L. and W.J. Emery, 1995. Descriptive Physical Oceanography - an Introduction (fifth edition). Pergamon Press. London.
7. Stowe, K., 1996. Exploring Ocean Science. John Wiley Sons Inc.8. Harold V.Rhurman, 1997. Introductory Oceanography. Prentice Hall Inc, New
Jersy.9. Duxbury, A.C., A.B. Duxbury and K.A. Sverdrup, 2000. An Introduction To The
World's Oceans. Wm. C. Brown Publishers.10. Natarajan, M. and T. Balasubramanian, 2001. Oceanographic
Equipments, Annamalai University.
MB 202: Biological Oceanography
Unit 1: Upwelling ecosystems 15 Hours
Major upwelling areas in the world- Phytoplankton production and pelagic food web with reference to Indian ocean- Biological significance of upwelling.
Unit 2: Intertidal ecosystems 15 Hours
Zonation, Environmental conditions - Tides-Temperature-wave action –salinity- other factors- adaptations of intertidal organisms-Rocky – Sandy and Muddy shores.
Unit 3: Estuarine ecosystems 16 Hours
Classification and origin of estuaries, Physical and chemical environmental features, Flora and fauna of estuaries, Estuarine productivity, adaptations (morphological ,anatomical and physiological ) ecological role – estuarine food web- Conservation , and management of estuarine habitats.
Unit 4: Mangroves, Sea grasses and salt marshes 14 Hours
Distribution – adaptations (morphological, anatomical and physiological), ecological role, uses, need for conservation.
REFERENCE BOOKS:
1. Wimpenny, R.S., 1966. Plankton of the Sea. Feber and Feber Limited. London.2. Raymont, J.E.G., 1973. Plankton and Productivity in the Oceans. Pergamon
Press, London.3. Boney, A.D., 1975. Phytoplankton. Edward, Arnold, London.4. Chapman, V.J., 1976. Mangrove Vegetation. J. Gramer, Berlin.5. Chapman, V.J. and D..T. Chapman, 1980. Seaweeds and Their Uses. Chapman &
Hall London Ltd.6. Spoel S.Vander and R.P. Heyman, 1983. Comparative Atlas of Zooplankton
Biological Patterns in the Oceans. Springer – Verlag, Berlin.7. Tomilson, P.B., 1986. The Botany of Mangroves. Cambridge University Press.8. Nyabakken, J.W.. 1997. Marine Biology – An Ecological Approach. Fourth
Edition. Addison esley Edu. Pub. Inc. 9. Jeffrey S.Levinton. 2001. CD Marine Biology: Function. Biodiversity. Ecology
pp.515.10. Kathiresan, K and S.Z. Qasim, 2005. Biodiversity of Mangrove Ecosystems.
Hindustan Lever Limited.
MB 203: Fishery Science
Unit 1: Eco-biology of fishes 15 Hours
General morphology and classification of fishes – major groups of fishes in the world. General account of life history in Indian fishes: Sea bass, cobia. oil sardines, mackerel.
Unit 2: Basic Anatomy and Reproduction of fish 15 Hours
Digestive, circulatory, respiratory, nervous and reproductive systems of fish. Maturation and spawning habits of marine fishes - process of maturation, methods to determine spawning, biotic and abiotic factors affecting spawning in fishes.
Unit 3: Population Dynamics 16 Hours
Theory of fishing, unit stock, recruitment, growth, mortality, migration, fish tagging and marking. General account of majour Marine fisheries of India, methods of surveying the fishery resources - acoustic method, aerial method (Potential Fishing Zones), survey of fish eggs and larvae, analyzing population features - Growth and mortality. Length – weight relationship, condition factor.
Unit 4: Fishing Technology 14 Hours
Principal methods of exploitation of sea fishes - indigenous and modern craft and gear. Evaluation of fishing craft: boat types and their classification; types of boats used in India; maintenance of fishing boats and control of marine fouling: classification of fishing gears; materials used in different types of fishing gear; fishing hooks and baits.
REFERENCE BOOKS:
1. Lagler, K.F.. J.E. Bardach and R.R. Miller, 1962. Icthyology. John Wiley & Sons Inc., New York.2. Carl E. Bond, 1979. Biology of Fishes. W.B. Saunders Company, Philadelphia.3. Jones, E.R.H., 1980. Fish Migration. Edward Arnold Ltd.. London.4. Bal, D.V. and K.V. Rao. 1990. Marine Fisheries of India. Tata McGraw Hill Publishing Company Limited, New York.5. King, M., 1995. Fisheries Biology. Assessement and Management. Fishing News Books.6. Biswas, K.P., 1996. A Text Book of Fish, Fisheries and Technology, II ED. Narendra Publishing House, Delhi. India.7. Srivastava , C.B.L., 1999. Fish Biology. Narendra Publishing House, Delhi (India).8. Shanmugam, K., 1990. Fishery Biology and Aquaculture. Leo Pathippagam, Madras, India.9. Mohan Joseph, M and A.A.Jayaprakash, 2003. Status of Exploited Marine fishery resources of India, 308 pp.10. Dholakia, A.D., 2004. Fisheries and Aquatic resources of India, Daya Publishing House, Delhi.413 pp.
MB 204: Cell Biology and Immunology
Unit 1: Microscopy 15 HoursStudy of cells using microscopes (light, phase contrast, dark-field, fluorescence. polarization and electron microscope). cellular inclusions, cell divisions – Mitosis and Meiosis.
Unit 2: Structure and function of cell organelle 14 Hours Ultra-structure of cell; Structure and function of cell organelles – nucleus, chloroplasts, cytoskeleton, microtubules, micro filaments, mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum, golgi apparatus, lysosomes and peroxisomes.
Unit 3: Immunology- fundamental concepts 15 HoursOrgans and cells of the immune system- primary and secondary lymphoid organs. Vaccinology -Active and passive immunity; Live, killed, attenuated, sub unit vaccines; Vaccine technology- Role and properties of adjuvant, recombinant DNA and protein based vaccines; Peptide vaccines, conjugate vaccines.
Unit 4: Immune System & Immunological Techniques 16 HoursImmune system in marine invertebrates and vertebrates (specific and nonspecific), mechanisms of immune responses (specific and non-specific). Immuno – modulators. Immunological techniques in the diseases diagnosis - monoclonal antibodies and (Hybridoma technology). ELISA.
REFERENCE BOOKS:
1. Doetesch. R.N and T.M. Cook, 1973. Introduction to Bacteria and their Ecobiology. University Park Press, Baltimore, London.
2. Bums, G.W., 1980. The Science of Genetics - an Introduction to Heredity. Fourth Edition. Macmillan Publishing Co., Inc., New York.
3. Dube, H.C., 1994. A Textbook of Fungi, Bacteria and Viruses, Vikas publishing House.
4. Lederberg, J.. 1992. Encyclopedia of Microbiology, Vol. 1-4., Academic Press.5. Pelzer, M.J. Jr., Chan, E.C.S, and N.R. Kxeig. 1993. Microbiology: Concepts and
Applications. McGraw Hill Inc.6. De Robertis, E.D.P. and E.M.F. De Robertis, 1996. Cell and Molecular Biology.
B.I. Waverly Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi.7. Mckane, L. and J. Kandel, 1996. Microbiology, Essentials and Applications.
McGraw Hill Inc., New York.8. Austin B. and D.A. Austin, 1999. Bacterial Fish Pathogens - Diseases of Fanned
and Wild Fish, Springer Praxis Publishing.9. Stickney, R.R.. 2000. Encyclopedia of Aquaculture. John Wiley & Sons. Inc.10. Allyn A. Bergeman. 2002. Laboratory investigations in Cell and molecular
biology.
PRACTICALS
MBP-201: General and Biological Oceanography
1. Preparation of charts showing ocean topography with special reference to Indian
Ocean and Bay of Bengal.
2. Oceanographic instruments, drawing sketches and familiarization with working.
3. Sediments: Analysis of textural classes.
4. Determination of temperature and pH in different water samples.
5. Estimation of Organic carbon in sediment soils.
6. Estimation of organic matter in different water samples.
7. Estimation of alkalinity in different water and soil samples.
8. Estimation of carbon dioxide in water samples.
9. Estimation of chlorophyll content in different water samples.
10. Estimation of hardness in different water samples.
11. Estimation of Ammonia in different water samples.
12. Estimation of Chlorine content in different water samples.
13. Field trip – Observation and Identification of Mangroves near Nellore coast and
submission of field report with herbarium sheets.
MBP- 202: Fishery Science, Cell Biology & Immunology
1. Identification of common fish and shellfishes in South Andhra Coast.
2. Estimation of Gonado somatic Index (GSI) and fecundity in fishes
3. Determination of age using scale or otolith.
4. Biometric Analysis - morphometric and meristic
5. Study of external morphology of fish and shellfish.
6. Identification of different types of fish scales.
7. Preparation of stages of cell division
8. Cell organelles (Slides)
9. Demonstration - Operating principle of light, compound, phase contrast and
electron microscope.
10. Examination of gut content analysis.
11. Preparation of cell suspension from fish lymphoid organs.
12. Determination of RBC and WBC count in the blood.
13. Identification of proteins through Immuno-electrophoresis.
14. Detection of antibodies, antigens through enzyme linked immunosorbant assay
(ELISA).
15. Raising of antibodies to specific antigen.
Semester – IIITHEORY
MB 301: Physiology and Biochemistry
Unit 1: Physiology of digestion and Respiration 15 HoursFood and feeding mechanisms, passage of food, digestive enzymes and their role with food habits. Respiratory structures and functions - factors affecting respiration, structure and function of blood pigments, role of transport of O2 and CO2, Adaptations to hypoxia and anoxia.
Unit 2: Endocrine systems and Osmoregulation 16 HoursPhysiology of Endocrine system - hormones, neurohormones, hormones of reproduction in fin fishes and shell fishes, hormone induced colour change in crustaceans. Moulting in crustaceans. Physiology of ionic and osmoregulations - ions in body fluids, mechanism of ionic regulation, responses to osmotic conditions, types of osmoregulatory adaptations.
Unit 3: Biomolecules 14 HoursMajor biomolecules - classification - carbohydrates, proteins, amino acids, lipids and fatty acids - structure and function. Enzymes - nature, classification and mechanism of action, factors affecting enzyme activity. Nucleic acids - structure and function.
Unit 4: Metabolism and Biosynthesis 15 HoursMetobolism of carbohydrates - Glycolysis, gluconeogenesis, citric acid cycle. Metabolism of amino acids - Nitrogen transamination, deamination, Urea cycle. Fatty acid metabolism – β - Oxidation. Biosynthesis of nucleic acids.
REFERENCE BOOKS:1. Colin Nicol, J.A., 1961. The Biology of Marine Animals. Sir Issac Pitman & Sons
Ltd., London.2. Conn, E.E. and P.K. Stumff, 1963. Outline of Biochemistry. John Wiley & Son Inc.,
New York and London.3. Vernberg, W.B. and F.J. Vemberg, 1972. Environmental Physiology of Marine
Animals. Springer Verlag: New York.4. Prosser, C.L., 1973. Comparative Animal Physiology. Saunder, Philadelphia.5. Folk. G.E., 1974. Text Book of Environmental Physiology. Leans Fabiger,
Philadelphia.6. Palmer, J.D., F.A. Brown and L.N. Edmunds, 1976. An Introduction of Biological
Rhythms. Academic Press Inc.. New York.7. Lehninger, A.L., D.L. Nelson and M.M. Cox, 1993. Principles of Biochemistry. CBS
Publishers & Distributors, New Delhi.8. Baldwin, E., 1996. Dynamic Aspects of Biochemistry. Cambridge University press.
London. P. 554.9 Denniston, K.J., J.J.Topping and R.L.Caret, 2004. General. Organic and
Biochemistry, 880 pp.
10. Nelson, D.L and M.M.Cox, 2005. Lehninger principles of Biochemistry, 1119 pp.
MB-302: Coastal Aquaculture
Unit 1: Shrimp Hatchery Management 16 Hours Importance of Coastal aquaculture, global scenario, present status of shrimp farming in India; Natural collection and resources of shrimp seed. Shrimp – (Penaeus monodon and P. vennamei) hatchery management, techniques of induced breeding, larval rearing, packing and transportation. Selection criteria for shrimp seed; seed quality rating; Role of Coastal Aquaculture Authority (CAA) in control and monitoring of shrimp hatcheries.
Unit 2: Shrimp Culture Management 14 HoursCulture practices - Traditional, extensive, semi - intensive and intensive; Culture systems- Monoculture and polyculture. Shrimp (P. monodon and P. vannamei) culture management – Pre-stocking, stocking and Post stocking management - water quality management, feed management. Best management Practices (BMP,s) in shrimp farming.
Unit 3: Design & Construction of shrimp farms and Hatcheries 14 HoursSelection of site: topography, water availability and supply, soil conditions. Design and layout of shrimp farms- water intake system, drainage system, aeration and aerators. Design and construction of shrimp hatcheries; structure and construction, Different accessories used in coastal aqua farms and hatcheries. Recent advances in aquaculture engineering.
Unit 4: Diseases and Health Management 16 HoursControl of predators, parasites and diseases. Viral and Bacterial diseases in shrimp - causes, symptoms, prophylactic and therapeutic treatments. Nutritional deficiency diseases, environmental stress diseases. Role of Probiotics in diseases prevention. Disease diagnosis: Microbiological, immunological and molecular diagnosis methods.
REFERENCE BOOKS:
1. Pillay, T.V.R., 1990. Aquaculture - principles and Practices. Fishing News Books.2. Samuel Paulraj, 1994. Shrimp Farming Techniques: Problems and Solutions. Palani pub.3. Anand S., Upadhyay, 1995. Hand Book on Design, Construction and Equipments in Coastal Aquaculture. Blackie Academic Pub.4. Stickney, 1995. Introduction to Aquaculture. John Wiley & Sons, New York.5. Coche, G. and J.F. Muir, 1996. Simple Methods for Aquaculture Pond Construction for Freshwater Fish Culture : Pond farm structures and layouts. Daya Pub.6. Conroydas, R. and L. Heruman, 1997. Text Book of Fish Disease. Narendra Pub.7. John E. Bardach, 1997. Sustainable Aquaculture. John Wiley & Sons, New York.8. James, W. Meade, 1998. Aquaculture Management, CBS pub., New Delhi.9. Robert R. Stickney (ed.), 2000. Encyclopedia of Aquaculture. John Wiley and Sons, Inc., New York.10. Joachim W. Hertrampft and Felicitas Piedad - Pascal, 2000. Hand Book on Ingredients for Aquaculture Feeds. Kluwer Academic Publishers, London.
MB 303: Fish Processing Technology
Unit 1: Biochemical Composition of raw fish and shellfish 15 HoursThe nutritive and medicinal value of fish, Protein, fat, carbohydrates, moisture, ash, Fish oils, Minerals, Vitamins etc; Nutritional value of preserved and processed fish. Unit 2: Fish Decomposition (Post-mortem changes and Rigor mortis) 15 HoursPost-mortem changes and Rigor mortis; decay and spoilage of fish- enzymatic spoilage, microbial spoilage, bacterial spoilage, chemical spoilage, factors of fish spoilage; effect of temperature on spoilage; spoilage in marine fish; Common bacteria present in fish- identification and isolation; Intoxications and food poisoning from fish.
Unit 3: Fish Preservation 16 HoursPrinciples of preservation; Methods of preservation-canning, curing, Freezing - techniques of freezing, different types of freezers, changes during freezing and storage of fish; industrial methods of freezing fish and shellfish; transportation and distribution of frozen fish; problems in fish preservations; fish preservatives.
Unit 4: Fish Byproducts 14 HoursMethods of extraction of fish liver oil; processing of Fish meal, Fish Silage, fish sausages, Fish manure and guano; Chitosan, chitin pearl essence, alginates, agar, Isinglass, Fish leather, Fish Caviar , Fish Macaroni etc.
REFERENCE BOOKS:1. R.R. Colwell (ed): Biotechnology in Marine Science, 1982.2. Aitikin, A: Fish handling & processing 2nd edition, Min. Agr. Fish and Food, U.K.,1982.3. Borgstorm, G. : Fish as Food Vol. I, III and IV, Academic Press, 1961, 19654. Brandi, A.V.: Fish catching methods of the World, 3rd edition, Fishing News Books ltd. 1984.5. Connel, J.J.: Control of Fish Quality, Fishing News Books Ltd., 1975.6. Sanisburry, J.C.: Commercial Fishing Methods, Fishing News Books Ltd., 1971.7. C.B.L.Srivastava.: A text book of Fishery Science and Indian Fisheries, Kitab Mahal Agencies, 2002.
MB 304: Fish Nutrition and Feed Technology
Unit:1: Fish Nutrition & Live feed culture 16 HoursNutritional requirements, nutritive needs of fin fish and shell fish with special reference to shrimp, prawn and crab; major nutrients- carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, vitamins minerals and their importance; Natural feed and live feed culture- collection methods of live feed organisms; identification, isolation and maintenance of phytoplankton and zooplankton; SCP - Mass culture of Spirulina and Azolla; culture of Rotifers (Brachionus and Moina), Copepods and Artemia
Unit:2: Food and Feeding Habits 14 HoursTypes of food – basic food, secondary food, incidental food, obligatory food; feeding habits – detritivores, scavengers, herbivores, omnivores, carnivores, surface feeders, column feeders, bottom feeders; seasonal changes in food availability and food preferences; food and feeding in relation to age; food selectivity and feeding intensity; feeding strategies; food and feeding habits of prawns, shrimps, crabs and brackish water fishes.
Unit:3; Feed Production Technology 16 HoursSupplementary feed and feed formulations; different types of feeds (dry feed, wet feed, floating feed, sinking feed and flakes); feed composition; nutrient source; feed ingredients (conventional and non-conventional, their nutritive value); water stability of feeds; use of attractants in feeds; feed additives; binders; processing of feeds (importance of anabolic agents, antioxidants and mould inhibitors; anti nutritional factors); storage and quality control; determination of proximate composition in feeds; Shrimp feed mill design; Feed manufacturing and process; feed formulation and preparation protocol with special reference to shrimp; Recent advances in feed technology
Unit: 4: Feeding and Feed Management 14 HoursIntroduction; feeding and shrimp production; fate of nutrients in feed; water quality and feeding rates – temporal changes; relationship to maximum feeding rate; effects of weather on maximum feeding rate; feeding devices; Feeding methods-manual, mechanical and automatic feeding; relationship between feeding and growth; Feed ration and feeding schedule; Check tray monitoring; Moulting and growth; Feed management in shrimp (Penaeus monodon and P. vennamei); Nutritional deficiencies in shrimp.
REFERENCE BOOKS:1. Halver, J. E. 1972. Fish Nutrition. Academic Press, New York. 2. Sena, S. De Silva and Trever A. Anderson. Fish Nutrition in Aquaculture. Chapman & Hall London. 1998, p. 319. 3. Lovell, J. 1989. Nutrition and Feeding of Fish. Von Nostrand. 4. MPEDA, 1990. Hand Book on Aquafarming – Live feed. 5. MPEDA, 1990. Hand Book on Aquafarming – Aquaculture feed.
6. MPEDA 1990. Aquaculture Engineering and Water Quality Management. Cochin, India. 7. Pillay, T. V. R. Aquaculture : Principles and Practices. Fishing News Books. 8. Jhingran, V. G. 1985. Fish and Fisheries of India. Hindustan Publishing Corporation, New Delhi. 9. Boyd, C. E. 1982. Water Quality Management for Pond Fish Culture.Elsevier Science Publishers. 10. Chakroff, M. 1993. Freshwater Fish Pond Culture and Management. Daya Publishing House, New Delhi. 11. Pillay, T. V. R. and W. A. Dill. 1979. Advances in Aquaculture. Fishing News Books Ltd.
PRACTICALS
MBP-301: Coastal Aquaculture & Fish Processing Technology.
1. Dissection of digestive and reproductive systems of fish and shrimp.
2. Identification of eggs, larvae of cultivable shrimp species.
3. Demonstration: Induced breeding and maturation techniques.
4. Isolation of pituitary gland in fish.
5. Identification of live feed (rotifers, copepods and artemia).
6. Identification of Commercially important fish and shellfish.
7. Estimation of Proteins, Carbohydrates and Lipids in fish tissues
8. Estimation of fiber and ash content in fish feeds
9. External examination of diseased finfish and shellfish.
10. Inspection of fish internal organs through autopsy.
11. Identification of diseases in fish and shellfish
12. Assessment of fish freshness by hypoxanthine measurement.
13. Estimation of volatile reducing substances (VRS) in assessment of fish spoilage.
14. Estimation of α – amino nitrogen in spoilage of fish muscle.
15. Isolation of vibrio bacteria from sea foods.
16. Field trip to coastal aquaculture farms, Seafood processing units and submission
of report
MBP 302: Physiology, Biochemistry 1. Oxygen consumption and metabolic rate in crustaceans.
2. Demonstration of feeding in crustaceans.
3. Estimation of hemolymph chlorides with reference to salinity.
4. Effect of eyestalk ablation on oxygen consumption.
5. Dissection of nervous system in fish and shellfish.
6. Dissection and display of x-organ, y-organ and androgenic gland.
7. Qualitative estimation of carbohydrates, proteins and fats.
8. Quantitative estimation of glucose, protein.
9. Estimation of excretory ammonia.
10. Estimation of BOD & COD.
11. Estimation of Heavy metals (Cu. Cd, Pb. Hg, Fe) in water.
12. Estimation of Heavy metals in sediment.
13. Calculation of LC50 values for the given data.
14. Estimation of salt loss and gain in crabs of different environments.
15. Filed trip - Evaluation of pollution status in CRZ of different marine
environments.
Semester – IVTHEORY
MB 401: Marine Microbiology and methodsUnit 1: Introduction 14 HoursGeneral introduction to marine Microbiology - marine microbiology, general characters, Morphology, fine structure and biology of bacteria, viruses, fungi, actinomycetis and cyanobacteria.
Unit 2: Methods 15 HoursMethods of studying marine microorganisms - collection of water, sediment and seafood samples, isolation and enumeration of bacteria - total and viable counts, identification of bacteria based on their morphological, physiological and biochemical characteristics. Microbial growth and nutrition - influence of environmental factors on microbial growth.
Unit 3: Tools and Techniques 16 HoursElectrophoresis - Agarose, PAGE, PFGE & Iso - Electric Focusing.Chromatography: Principles of paper, thin layer, gas-liquid chromatography and HPLC. Spectroscopy: Absorption and emission principles, UV-vis, Atomic absorption and emission spectrophotometers, NMR and Mass spectrometer.
Unit 4: Marine natural products. 14 HoursProspects - Bioactive compounds from marine organisms, isolation and mode of action. Eicosonoids and related compounds from marine algae. Antitumour and cytotoxic compounds from marine organisms.
REFERENCE BOOKS: 1. Doetesch. R.N and T.M. Cook, 1973. Introduction to Bacteria and
Their Ecobiology. University Park Press, Baltimore, London.2. Dube, H.C., 1994. A Textbook of Fungi, Bacteria and Viruses, Vikas publishing
House.3. Lederberg, J.. 1992. Encyclopedia of Microbiology, Vol. 1-4., Academic Press.4. Pelzer, M.J. Jr., Chan, E.C.S, and N.R. Kxeig. 1993. Microbiology: Concepts and
Applications. McGraw Hill Inc.5. Skoog, D.A. and J.J. Leary, 1992. Principles of instrument analysis. 4" edition.
Saunders College publishers, Philadelphia.
6. Mckane, L. and J. Kandel, 1996. Microbiology,Essentials and Applications. McGraw Hill Inc., New York.
7. Austin B. and D.A. Austin, 1999. Bacterial Fish Pathogens - Diseases of Fanned and Wild Fish, Springer Praxis Publishing.
8. 11. Bergey’s manual of systematic Bacteriology Springer Publishing. 9. 12.John Paul 1999, Marine Microbiology, Elsevier.
MB 402: Marine Biotechnology and Biostatistics
Unit 1: Biotechnology & Genetic engineering 15 HoursIntroduction. Definition and types of vectors, restriction endonucleases. Nucleotide probes, PCR, RAPD, RFLP, Blotting techniques, gene sequencing, DNA bar-coding.
Unit 2: Genetic techniques 15 HoursPrinciples of genetics, interactions and environmental influences, practical applications of genetics - hybridization of fishes, recent trends and techniques in hybridization, selective breeding, cross breeding, development of disease resistance and high quality new strains.
Unit 3: Data Analysis 15 HoursCollection and Analysis of Biological data – Mean, Median, Mode, Standard Deviation, Standard
error, Co efficient of variation, Simple random sampling, Use of random number tables.
Unit 4: Bio statistical methods 15 HoursStudent ‘t’ test, Skewness, Kurtosis, Chi- Square test, Z- test, Correlation and Regression, ANOVA, Duncans Multiple Range Test (DMRT).
REFERENCE BOOKS:
1. Alan T.Bull, Geoffrer Holt and Malcolm D.Lilly, 1983. Biotechnology International Trends and Perspectives. Oxford & 1BH Publishing Co., New York, 84 pp.
2. Ewing, G.W., 1988. Instrumental methods of chemical analysis, McGraw-Hill Book Company.
3. Jeffrey W. Polland and John M.Walk, 1990. Methods in Molecular Biology - 5: Animal cell Culture. Human Press, New Jersey.
4. David H. Attaway and R. Oskar, 1993. Marine Biotechnology. Vol. I. Pharmaceutical and Bioactive Natural Products. Plenum Press, New York & London, 500 pp.
5. Milton Fingerman. R. Nagabushanam and Man' - Frances Thompson, 1999. Recent Advances in Marine Biotechnology, Vol. 1 - 515 pp. vol.2-313 pp. vol.3-312 pp.
6. Pat Vaughan, 2000. Methods in Molecular Biology: DNA Repair protocols: Prokaryotic Systems , Human press, Totowa, New Jersey. P. 209.
7. Marine Biotechnology in twenty first century, National Research council. National Acadamies press.
8. Marine Biotechnology D.H.Attaway and O.R. Zabrosky. Springer 473 pp.9. S.C. Gupta: Fundamentals of Statistics, Himalaya Publishing House Delhi.10. Gupta & Kapoor: Fundamentals of Mathematical Statistics. S. Chand & Co., New Delhi.
11. Yule & Kendall: Elementary Statistics, Charless Griffin & Co. London.
MB 403: Ocean Management & Remote Sensing
Unit 1: Ocean Management 14 HoursIntroduction – Law of the Sea- the Geneva conventions- EEZ and its significance – Role of national and International agencies and organizations in ocean management: FAO, UNEP, DOD etc - Major oceans and their importance.
Unit 2: Coastal Zone Management and Issues 15 HoursCoastal zone – definition and importance – Coastal developmental activities: Mariculture, tourism, shorefront constructions and their impacts – National and global problems: loss of habitats, sea level change and degradation of water quality and fisheries resource depletion. Coastal management issues – CRZ – Integrated coastal zone management, comparison between developed and developing countries; Coastal Biodiversity – Endangered species, protected areas, Marine Biosphere Reserve, UNCED.
Unit 3: Remote Sensing 16 HoursIntroduction – Basic principles of remote sensing and Aerial Photography - History and recent developments in remote sensing -Applications in resource assessment, Satellites and airborne remote sensing, Remote sensing techniques for identification of fishing grounds, coastal and ocean resource assessment- wetland mapping - Mangroves - coral reefs and other pollution assessment. Remote Sensing in Coastal Management - Coastal land use, spatial and temporal changes, SST, Phytoplankton assessment,
Unit 4: Disaster management 15 HoursCommunication and dissemination of disaster related information and awareness generation – Disaster cycle – Definition of hazard, risk, vulnerabioity; Risk assessment – Role of govermanent agencies for CRZ regulation.
Relief and Response – search and Rescue (SAR) First aid, shelter management, drinking water electricity; rehabilitation – environmental problem of Rehabilitaiton ; Disaster Recovery.
REFERENCE BOOKS:
1. Goldberg, E.D.. 1976. The Health of the Ocean. UNESCO Press. Paris. 172 pp.2. Borgese. EM. and N. Ginsburg. 1979 - 1996. Ocean year books 1-12 vols. The
University of Chicago Press, Chicago.3. Brian Groombridge (Ed.) 1992. Global Biodiversity - Status of the Earth's Living
Resources, Chapman & Hall.4. Jean - Marine Massin. 1994. Remote Sensing for the Control of Marine Pollution.
Academic Publishers, Plenum Press. 466 pp.5. Health, A.G., 1995. Water pollution and fish physiology, CRC press, New York, 359
pp.6. Sabins, F.F., 1997. Remote Sensing Principles and Interpretation. Third edition.
W.H. Freeman & Company, New York. 494 pp.
7. Mario Soares, 1998. The Ocean our Future - The Report of the Independent World Commission on the Oceans. Cambridge University Press, 248 pp.
8. asim. S.Z. and G.S. Roonwal, 1998. India's Exclusive Economic Zone. Omega Scientific Publishers, New Delhi.
MB-404: POLLUTION & TOXICOLOGY
Unit 1: Marine Pollution & Toxicology 14 HoursMarine Pollution-definition- role of GESAMP- major pollutant- sources, transport path, dynamics. Toxicology- lethal and sub lethal effects of pollutants to marine organisms, bioconcentration, bioaccumulation and biomagnifications- methods of toxicity testing, factors influencing toxicity- synergistic and antagonistic effects- role of microcosms and mesocosms.
Unit 2: Sewage and Plastic Pollution 14 HoursSewage pollution industrial, agricultural and domestic impact on marine environment, treatment methods. Detergents- composition- eutrophication and ecological significance.Plastics and Litter source and impact in the marine environment.
Unit 3: Heavy metal Pollution 16 HoursHeavy Metal pollution- sources, distribution, fate- analytical approaches; Pesticide pollution - classification, sources, distribution, fate and ecological impacts with special reference to marine fishes, birds and mammals.
Unit 4: Oil, Thermal and Radioactive Pollution 16 HoursOil Pollution- composition, sources, biological impacts on fishes, birds, mammals, .treatment techniques. Thermal pollution- sources - uses of waste heat role of biocides, chlorine ecological impacts. Radioactive pollution- sources (natural and artificial) biological effects of radiation. Use of analytical instruments AAS, ICP, GLC, Spectrofluorometer for analyzing Petroleum hydrocarbon, Pesticides, Heavy metals etc.
REFERENCE BOOKS:
1. Clark R.B 1992. Marine pollution 3rd edition Clavendron, Press Oxford.2. Williams 1996. Introduction to Marine Pollution Control. John Wiley.3. Michael J. Kennish 1994. Practical Handbook on Estuarine and Marine
Pollution. 4. Johnston, R. (ed), 1976. Marine Pollution, Academic Press, London. 5. Goldberg, E. D. 1974. The Health of the oceans, UNESCO Press. Paris. 6. Park, P .K, Kester D.R., J.W. Deudall and B.H Ketchum, 1983. Wastes in the Ocean. Vols. 1 to 3. Wiley Interscience Publishers, New York.
PRACTICAL
MBP 401: Marine Microbiology, Biotechnology & Biostatistics
1. Staining of bacteria - Simple staining, Negative staining, Gram's staining.
2. Microbial population enumeration in Water samples Sediment samples; Seafood
samples - Total and viable counts.
3. Isolation of pathogens from sea foods - Salmonella - shigella spp.
4. Antibiotic sensitivity.
5. Electrophoresis - Agarose gel electrophoresis and PAGE.
6. Blotting techniques (Southern & Western).
7. Chromatography - TLC – Paper – Column, (HPLC - demonstration only).
8. Observation of chromosomes and meiotic chromosomes.
9. Observation of ploidy variations in different tissues.
10. Methods of sampling and collection of biological data
11. Calculation of mean, median, mode, standard deviation, standard error and co-
efficient of variation.
12. Calculation of correlation coefficient values and finding probability values.
13. Calculation of F value and finding out the probability of F value, Regression
analysis.
14. Field Visit: visit to MPEDA quality control Lab Nellore and NIOT & CIBA
Chennai.
MBP- 402: INTERNSHIP
1. Brief report to be enclosed.
2. Certificate original to be shown.
3. Presentation of the work done.
