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Mark Lesson #14 Crisis, the Olivet Discourse (Mark 13: 1<37) 1 Crisis, the Olivet Discourse
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Page 1: Mark - Amazon Web Serviceslogosdocs.s3.amazonaws.com/third-edition/004-mark/...Mark! Lesson*#14* Crisis,* the*Olivet*Discourse* (Mark*13:*1

Mark!!

Lesson*#14*Crisis,*

the*Olivet*Discourse*(Mark*13:*1<37)*

1!Crisis,!the!Olivet!Discourse!

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!!!Review!

!!!

!

!!

!!**!!!!!

!!

Lesson!#13!offered!an!Excursus!on!the!Roman!Empire!at!the!:me!of!Mark’s!Gospel.!!In!it!we!learned!that!the!Roman!Empire!of!A.D.!64G70!experienced!tremendous!turbulence:!!

• The!Great!Fire!of!Rome!burned!a!large!por:on!of!the!city!on!18!July!A.D.!64,!and!the!Emperor!Nero!blamed!the!destruc:on!on!Rome’s!Chris:ans;!!

• Consequently,!Nero!(A.D.!54G68)!launched!the!first!stateGsponsored!persecu:on!against!the!Church,!A.D.!64G68.!!Both!Peter!and!Paul!were!martyred!during!this!:me,!along!with!“a!great!mul:tude”!of!others;!!

• Nero!commi_ed!suicide!on!9!June!A.D.!68;!!

• Civil!war!broke!out,!and!four!Emperors!followed!in!quick!succession,!three!of!whom!were!assassinated!or!commi_ed!suicide;!and!!

• In!A.D.!66!the!Great!Jewish!Revolt!began!in!Pales:ne,!resul:ng!in!the!destruc:on!of!the!Temple!on!29/30!July!A.D.!70,!the!death!of!1.2!million!Jews!by!the!end!of!the!revolt,!and!the!Diaspora!that!lasted!nearly!2,000!years.!

!!

!!

2!Crisis,!the!Olivet!Discourse!

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!! !!! !!!Review,!cont.!

!!!

This!extraordinarily!tumultuous!:me!formed!the!historical!and!cultural!context!from!which!the!Gospel*according*to*Mark!emerged,!shaping!our!author’s!narra:ve,!rhetorical!and!stylis:c!strategies,!as!well!as!the!portrayal!of!his!characters!and!his!sequencing!of!events!in!the!story.!!!!

Understanding!this!greatly*informs*our!reading!of!Mark’s!version!of!the!Olivet!Discourse!in!13:!1G37,!the!subject!of!our!next!lesson.!!!!!

!!!!

!!

!!**!!!!!

!!

3!Crisis,!the!Olivet!Discourse!

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!!!Preview!

!!!

!

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!!**!!!!!

!!

In!the!Olivet!Discourse!(13:!1G37)!Jesus!speaks!of!a!:me!of!great!tribula:on;!the!destruc:on!of!the!Temple;!the!coming!of!the!Son!of!Man!(the!parousiva,!“parousia,”!=!in!classical!Greek,!“the!physical!arrival!of!a!person!who!is!not!currently!present,”!e.g.,!Jesus’!“2nd!Coming”);!and!the!“end!:mes.”!!!!

Tradi:onally!read!as!eschatological!prophecy,!the!Olivet!Discourse!draws!heavily!upon!the!Book!of!Daniel!for!its!imagery!(the!“Son!of!Man”!coming!on!the!clouds;!the!“desola:ng!abomina:on”!standing!where!he!should!not),!and!it!applies!that!imagery!to!the!events!that!are!unfolding!in!the!Roman!Empire!at!the!:me!of!the!Gospel’s!composi:on.!!!!!

4!Crisis,!the!Olivet!Discourse!

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!! !!! !!!!!!!

!!!!

!!

Mark builds Jesus’ “Olivet Discourse” (13: 1-37) on a simple

4-part structure: 1.  Question asked (1-4) 2.  Question answered, Part 1 (5-23) 3.  Question answered, Part 2 (24-31) 4.  What to do in the meantime (32-37).

**!!

5!Crisis,!the!Olivet!Discourse!

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!! !!! !!!!!!!

!!!!

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*!!

6!Crisis,!the!Olivet!Discourse!

Mark builds Jesus’ “Olivet Discourse” (13: 1-37) on a simple 4-part structure:

1.  Question asked (1-4) 2.  Question answered, Part 1 (5-23) 3.  Question answered, Part 2 (24-31) 4.  What to do in the meantime (32-37).

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7!Crisis,!the!Olivet!Discourse!

Holy*cow!*

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To!understand!the!magnitude!of!Jesus’!comment!in!13:!2—and!his!disciples’!reac:on!to!it—we!need!a!solid!understanding!of!the!Temple!in!Jerusalem.!!!!!*

8!Triumphal!Entry!

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!! !!! !!!!!!!

!!!!!!

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King!Solomon!began!building!the!1st!Temple!in!Jerusalem!in!the!4th!year!of!his!reign,!966!B.C.!(1!Kings!6:!1).!!He!completed!it!in!seven!years,!and!he!!dedicated!it!in!959!B.C.!(1!Kings!6:!38).!!!

Solomon’s!Temple!wasn’t!large,!only!30!meters/90!feet!long!by!10!meters/30!feet!wide!and!10!meters/30!feet!high.!!But!it!was!the!most!beau:ful!building!on!earth,!a!Fraberge!Egg,!a!glistening!gem.!!

Solomon’s!Temple!stood!in!Jerusalem!for!380!years,!un:l!14!August!586!B.C.,!when!the!Babylonians!sacked,!looted!and!destroyed!it!and!Jerusalem!(2!Kings!25:!8G9).!!

There!are!no!extant!images!of!the!1st!Temple,!only!wri_en!descrip:ons!of!it.!

!9!Crisis,!the!Olivet!Discourse!

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!! !!! !!!!!!!

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Nebuchadnezzar!King!of!Babylon!a_acked!Jerusalem!for!the!first!:me!in!605!B.C.,!again!in!597!and!a!third!and!final!:me!in!588!B.C.,!resul:ng!in!a!2Gyear!siege!of!the!city.!!Jerusalem!fell!to!the!Babylonians!on!14!August!586!B.C.,!and!the!survivors!were!taken!cap:ve!to!Babylon.!!

There!they!stayed!un:l!539!B.C.!when!Cyrus!the!Great,!King!of!Persia!conquered!Babylon!and!allowed!all!the!cap:ve!people!(not!just!the!Jews)!to!go!home!to!rebuild!their!ci:es,!temples!and!infrastructures,!the!rebuilding!financed!by!Persia.!!

The!first!wave!of!Jews!returned!in!538!B.C.!and!they!began!rebuilding!the!Temple,!comple:ng!it!on!12!March!!516!B.C.!(Ezra!6:!15).!!

10!Crisis,!the!Olivet!Discourse!

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!! !!! !!!!!!!

!!!!!!

!!

This!2nd!Temple!was!a!big!disappointment,!however,!for!it!fell!far!short!of!!Solomon’s!1st!Temple.!!Indeed,!we!read!in!Ezra:!!

“Many*of*the*priests,*Levites,*and*heads*of*ancestral*houses,*who*were*old*enough*to*have*seen*the*former*house,*cried*out*in*sorrow*as*they*watched*the*foundaJon*of*the*present*house*being*laid.**Many*others,*however,*liMed*up*their*voices*in*shouts*of*joy.**No*one*could*disJnguish*the*sound*of*the*joyful*shouJng*from*the*sound*of*those*who*were*weeping*.*.*..”*

! ! ! ! ! ! !(3:!12G13)!The!“old!:mers”!who!had!seen!Solomon’s!Temple!wept!!!

11!Crisis,!the!Olivet!Discourse!

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This!2nd!Temple!stood!for!497!years,!from!516–19!B.C.,!when!Herod!the!Great!began!a!massive!renova:on!project!designed!to!bring!1,000,000!people!to!Jerusalem!three!:mes!each!year!on!Passover,!Pentecost!and!Tabernacles—s:mula:ng!the!economy!and!genera:ng!significant!tax!revenue!for!Rome.!!!

Herod!expanded!to!Temple!planorm!to!37!acres!in!size,!enough!to!accommodate!nearly!!400,000!people;!he!built!a!complex!network!of!water!cisterns!throughout!Jerusalem!to!channel!spring!water,!store!rain!water!and!move!the!stored!water!to!accommodate!the!large!crowds;!and!he!built!accompanying!infrastructure!to!support!his!project.!!!

12!Crisis,!the!Olivet!Discourse!

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Importantly,!during!Herod’s!construc:on!projects!the!2nd!Temple!con:nued!func:oning!uninterrupted.!!Herod!did!not*build!a!new!3rd!Temple;!rather,!he!greatly!renovated!the!exis:ng!2nd!Temple.!!

This!renovated!2nd!Temple!is!the!one!Jesus!knew,!and!it!is!the!one!he!addresses!in!the!Olivet!Discourse.!!

13!Crisis,!the!Olivet!Discourse!

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!! !!! !!!!

!!!

!!

! ! “Palm!Sunday”!!!!!!!!!road!!!

Mount!of!Olives!!!!

"!Temple!Planorm!

Temple!

14!Triumphal!Entry!

Jesus!and!his!disciples!are!!walking!up!the!Mt.!of!Olives.! X

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!The!Temple!in!Jesus’!day,!as!he!would!have!seen!it!from!the!Mt.!of!Olives.!

(1.50*scale*model*of*1st<century*Jerusalem,*Israel*Museum.)!Photography*by*Ana*Maria*Vargas*

15!Triumphal!Entry!

470!meters/!513!yards!!(Eastern!Wall)!

280!meters/!306!yards!!(Southern!Wall)!!

150,00!m2/!37!acres!!!!!(Planorm!Area)!

30!meters/!9!stories!

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16!Crisis,!the!Olivet!Discourse!

Temple!Model!(1.50*scale*model*of*1st<century*Jerusalem,*Israel*Museum.)!

!

24!meters/8!stories!

Gold!Trim!!!

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!! !!! !!!!!!!

Excava:ons!at!the!Western!Wall!from!1993G1997!exposed!the!Herodian!street!that!paralleled!the!wall.!!This*is*the*pavement*that*Jesus*would*have*walked*upon!***!

The!stones!at!the!far!end!fell!from!the!Temple!when!it!was!destroyed!in!A.D.!70.!!They!remain!where!they!fell!nearly!2,000!years!ago.!

!!

*!!

17!Crisis,!the!Olivet!Discourse!

Photography*by*Ana*Maria*Vargas*

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!! !!! !!!!!!!

!!!

Detail!of!the!fallen!stones,!many!s:ll!charred!from!the!

intense!fire.!!!

*!!

18!Crisis,!the!Olivet!Discourse!

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!! !!! !!!!!!!

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*!!

19!Crisis,!the!Olivet!Discourse!

Mark builds Jesus’ “Olivet Discourse” (13: 1-37) on a simple 4-part structure:

1.  Question asked (1-4) 2.  Question answered, Part 1 (5-23) 3.  Question answered, Part 2 (24-31) 4.  What to do in the meantime (32-37).

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*!!

20!Crisis,!the!Olivet!Discourse!

“When will all this happen?”

Here are the signs:

1.  In general (5-8) 2.  In particular—to you (9-11) 3.  In particular—to others (12-13) 4.  And then things will get WORSE!

(14-23)

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!! !!! !!!!

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The!“desola:ng!abomina:on”!is!referred!to!in!Daniel!9:27,!11:!31,!12:11;!in!1!Maccabees!1:54,!6:7;!and!in!the!synop:c!Gospels!in!the!“Olivet!Discourse.”!!In!Daniel!

and!1!Maccabees!it!refers!to!an!image!of!An:ochus!IV!Epiphanes!set!up!in!the!Temple!in!167!B.C.,!during!the!Maccabean!revolt.!

!

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!! !!! !!!!!!!

!!!!

!!

*!!

22!Crisis,!the!Olivet!Discourse!

Mark builds Jesus’ “Olivet Discourse” (13: 1-37) on a simple 4-part structure:

1.  Question asked (1-4) 2.  Question answered, Part 1 (5-23) 3.  Question answered, Part 2 (24-31) 4.  What to do in the meantime (32-37).

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23!Crisis,!the!Olivet!Discourse!

After the Tribulation

The sun will be darkened, and the moon will not give its light, and the stars will be falling from the sky, and the powers in the heavens will be shaken (24-25).

“Then they will see the Son of Man coming in the clouds with great power

and glory” (26).

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!! !!! !!!!!!!

!!!!

!!

*!!

24!Crisis,!the!Olivet!Discourse!

Mark builds Jesus’ “Olivet Discourse” (13: 1-37) on a simple 4-part structure:

1.  Question asked (1-4) 2.  Question answered, Part 1 (5-23) 3.  Question answered, Part 2 (24-31) 4.  What to do in the meantime (32-37).

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!! !!! !!!!

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!!

!

William!Blake.!!The*Parable*of*the*Wise*and*Foolish*Virgins*(Watercolor,!brush!and!gray!wash,!pen!and!black!ink!over!graphite),!c.!1803G1805.!!!

New!York,!Metropolitan!Museum!of!Art.!!

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Jesus!said,!“Amen,*I*say*to*you,*this*generaJon*will*not*pass*away*unJl*all*these*things*have*taken*place”!(13:!30).!!

In!light!of!Jesus’!own!words,!contemporary!events!in!the!Roman!Empire!and!the!lived!experience!of!Chris:ans!during!the!composi:on!of!the!Gospels,!virtually!everyone*in!the!1st!genera:on!of!the!Church!believed!that!Jesus!would!return!in*their*lifeJme.!!

26!Crisis,!the!Olivet!Discourse!

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!! !!! !!!!!!!

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!!

By!the!late!80s!and!early!90s,!we!witness!the!remnants!of!1st!genera:on,!and!it!is!during!these!final!days!that!the!Book*of*RevelaJon!emerges,!the!masterpiece!in!a!long!line!of!Apocalyp:c,!“endG:me”!literature.!!But!that’s!a!topic!for!

another!day!!

27!Crisis,!the!Olivet!Discourse!

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Ques:ons!for!discussion!and!thought!*

1.   When!did!Jesus!expect!“the!end”!to!come?!2.   What!is!the!“desola:ng!abomina:on”!Jesus!refers!

to!in!Mark!13:!14?!3.   What!set!of!events!will!precede*Jesus!“coming”?!!!4.   When!Jesus!returns!what!signs!will!accompany*

him?!!!5.   What!should!his!disciples!(you!and!I)!do!in!the!

mean:me?!

!!

!

!

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!!

Copyright!©!2014!by!William!C.!Creasy!! All! rights! reserved.! No! part! of! this! course—audio,! video,!photography,! maps,! :melines! or! other! media—may! be!reproduced!or!transmi_ed!in!any!form!by!any!means,!electronic!or! mechanical,! including! photocopying,! recording! or! by! any!informa:on! storage! or! retrieval! devices! without! permission! in!wri:ng!or!a!licensing!agreement!from!the!copyright!holder.!

!!

29!Crisis,!the!Olivet!Discourse!


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