Mark Clanton,MD, MPHChief Medical OfficerHigh Plains DivisionAmerican Cancer Society

State of Cancer Report 2008: Relay For Life

Trends in Actual Number of Cancer Deaths andAge-adjusted Cancer Death Rates, 1970-2005

0

100,000

200,000

300,000

400,000

500,000

600,000

1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005

Num

ber

of c

ance

r de

aths

165

170

175

180

185

190

195

200

205

210

215

220

Rat

e pe

r 10

0,00

0

Death rate

Number of deaths

Year of death

Total Number of Cancer Deaths Avoided from 1991 to 2004 in men and 1992 to 2004 in Women

1975

1980

1985

1990

1995

2000

2004

0

160000

180000

200000

220000

240000

260000

280000

300000

320000

340000

360000

Num

ber

of d

eat

hs

Year of death

1975

1980

1985

1990

1995

2000

2004

0

160000

180000

200000

220000

240000

260000

280000

300000

320000

340000

360000

Year of death

408,400Cancer deaths

136,100 Cancer deaths

Men Women

The blue line represents the actual cancer deaths recorded in each year and the red line represents the expected number of cancer deaths if cancer mortality rates had remained the same since 1991/1992.

Breast and Colon Cancer

Access to Care and Health Insurance

Trends in Female Breast Cancer Death Ratesby Race and Ethnicity, US, 1975-2004

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

1975 1978 1981 1984 1987 1990 1993 1996 1999 2002

Year

Rat

e p

er 1

00,0

00

African Americans

Whites

Hispanic/Latina

American Indian/Alaska Native

Asian American/Pacific Islander

American Cancer Society, Surveillance Research, 2007

2004

Adjusted Breast Cancer Survival by Stages and Insurance Status, among Patients Diagnosed in 1999-2000 and Reported to the NCDB

All Races combined

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

0-11 12 13-15 16+

%

Mammogram Within the Last Year in Adult Women, ages 40-64, by Years of Education and Insurance Status, NHIS 2005

Source: National Health Interview Survey 2005, National Center for Health Statistics, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2006.

Insured

Uninsured

U.S. Colorectal Cancer Mortality 1975-2005

0.0

5.0

10.0

15.0

20.0

25.0

30.0

35.0

40.019

75

1977

1979

1981

1983

1985

1987

1989

1991

1993

1995

1997

1999

2001

2003

2005

Rat

e pe

r 10

0,00

0 Blalck Male

WhiteMale

Black Female

White Female

Adjusted Colorectal Cancer Survival by Stages and Insurance Status, among Patients Diagnosed in 1999-2000 and Reported to the NCDB

All Races combined

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

0-11 12 13-15 16+

%

Insured

Uninsured

Colorectal Cancer Screening*, in Adults, ages 50-64, by Years of Education and Insurance Status, NHIS 2005

*Either a fecal occult blood test within the past year or an endoscopy within the past ten years.Source: National Health Interview Survey 2005, National Center for Health Statistics, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2006.

How Can We Provide Adequate High Quality Care (to Include Preventive Care) to a Population That Has So Often Not Received It?

Dr. Otis BrawleySenior Vice President and Chief Medical Officer, National Home Office, American Cancer Society

Higher Per Capita Spending in the U.S. does notTranslate into Longer Life ExpectancyThe Cost of a Long Life

Life Expectancy – Per Capita Spending

2006 CIA FACTBOOK

Ave

rag

e L

ife

Exp

ecta

ncy

(y

ears

)

Per

Cap

ita

Sp

end

ing

in

US

D

74

75

76

77

78

79

80

81

82

0

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

3000

3500

4000

4500

5000

United States

Future Science and Pancreatic Cancer

• Incidence rates of pancreatic cancer have been stable in men since 1993 and in womensince 1983.

• An estimated 34,290 deaths are expected tooccur in 2008.

• At present, there is no method for the

early detection of pancreatic cancer.

Cancer Facts & Figures 2008, American Cancer Society

Nanotechnology Imaging

These tiny quantum dots are typically made from semiconductor crystals or cadmium selenide encased in a zinc sulfide shell as small as one nanometer (one-billionth of a meter).

These dots can zero in with pinpoint accuracy on human prostate cancer. In ultraviolet light, each dot radiates a brilliant color.

Not in clinical use (exposure to cadmium can be hazardous), but are used as markers to tag particles of interest in the laboratory.

Source:Nature Biotechnology ﾊ 22, 969 - 976 (2004) Published online: 18 July 2004; |In vivo cancer targeting and imaging with semiconductor quantum dotsXiaohu Gao1, Yuanyuan Cui2, Richard M Levenson3, Leland W K Chung2 & ﾊ Shuming Nie1

Quantum Dots Technology

Emerging Technology and Pancreatic Cancer

• Improving the survival rates for pancreatic cancer require early diagnosis and targeted therapy

• Nanotechnology may facilitate:

– Targeted treatment of primary pancreatic cancer

– Advanced imaging technology critical for near term improvements in early detection and diagnosis.

Advanced Imaging

• Imaging Pancreatic Cancer Using Surface-Functionalized Quantum Dots

• Artificially engineered magnetic nanoparticles for ultra-sensitive molecular imaging

Imaging Pancreatic Cancer Using Surface-Functionalized Quantum Dots

• In this study, CdSe/CdS/ZnS quantum dots (QDs) were used as optical contrast agent for imaging pancreatic cancer cells in vitro using transferrin and anti-Claudin-4 as targeting ligands.

• Pancreatic cancer specific uptake is also demonstrated using the monoclonal antibody anti-Claudin-4.

• This targeted QD platform will be further modified for the purpose of developing as an early detection imaging tool for pancreatic cancer.PDAC.

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Imaging Panceratic Cancer Using Surface Functionalized Quantum Dots, Jun Qian, Ken-Tye Yong,Indrajit Roy,Tymish Y. Ohulchanskyy, Earl J. Bergey, Hoon Hi Lee, Kenneth M. Tramposch,Sailing He, Anirban Maitra and Paras N. Prasad. J. Phys. Chem.B, 111(25), 6969-6972, 2007. 10.1021/jp070620n. Copyright 2007 American Chemical Society. Web release: June 7,2007

Artificially engineered magnetic nanoparticles for ultra-sensitive molecular imaging

• Successful development of ultra-sensitive molecular imaging nanoprobes for the detection of targeted biological objects is a challenging task.

• Here we used artificial engineering approaches to develop innovative magnetic nanoprobes

• These magnetism-engineered iron oxide (MEIO) nanoprobes, when conjugated with antibodies, showed enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) sensitivity for the detection of cancer markers compared with probes currently available.

• Also, we successfully visualized small tumors implanted in a mouse.

Artificially engineered magnetic nanoparticles for ultra-sensitive molecular imagingJae-Hyun Lee1,4, Yong-Min Huh2,4, Young-wook Jun1, Jung-wook Seo1, Jung-tak Jang1, Ho-Taek Song2, Sungjun Kim2, Eun-Jin Cho2, Ho-Geun Yoon3, Jin-Suck Suh2 & Jinwoo Cheon1. Nature Medicine 13, 95 - 99 (2006) Published online: 24 December 2006 | doi:10.1038/nm1467

Artificially engineered magnetic nanoparticles for ultra-sensitive molecular

• Nano particles enhance MRI

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Artificially engineered magnetic nanoparticles for ultra-sensitive molecular imagingJae-Hyun Lee1,4, Yong-Min Huh2,4, Young-wook Jun1, Jung-wook Seo1, Jung-tak Jang1, Ho-Taek Song2, Sungjun Kim2, Eun-Jin Cho2, Ho-Geun Yoon3, Jin-Suck Suh2 & Jinwoo Cheon1. Nature Medicine 13, 95 - 99 (2006) Published online: 24 December 2006 | doi:10.1038/nm1467

Nanotechnology based therapy for Pancreatic Cancer

Non-invasive targeted radiofrequency cancer therapy

Gold Nanoparticles

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http://www.chem.utoronto.ca/staff/DHIRANI/index.htm

A scanning tunneling microscope image of 5 nm gold nanoparticles

Non-invasive targeted radiofrequency cancer therapy

• Our preliminary studies here indicate that GNPs added to the media of human cancer cells in vitro are taken up and localized in vesicles in the cytoplasm of the cells.

• Panc-1 and Hep3B cells were utilized for all experiments (American Type Culture Collection, Bethesda, Maryland, USA

• The presence of these GNP-laden vesicles has no apparent cytotoxic or anti-proliferative effect on the cells.

• Furthermore, GNPs exposed to an external, non-invasive 13.56 MHz RF field release significant amounts of heat, in fact often sufficient to raise water temperatures to the boiling point.

• Exposing GNP-bearing human cancer cells to this external RF field in vitro produced dose-dependent lethal injury in > 96% of the cells.

• Based on these promising results, we have initiated studies to evaluate in vitro cytotoxicities of GNPs and methods to target the GNPs to tumors in vivo to affect RF-induced thermal destruction of malignant tumors.

Intracellular gold nanoparticles enhance non-invasive radiofrequency thermal destruction of human gastrointestinal cancer cellsChristopher J Gannon1 , Chitta Ranjan Patra2 , Resham Bhattacharya2 , Priyabrata Mukherjee2 and Steven A Curley1, Journal of Nanobiotechnology 2008, 6:2doi:10.1186/1477-3155-6-2The electronic version of this article is the complete one and can be found online at: http://www.jnanobiotechnology.com/content/6/1/2

There is so much more to do!

Go Get’em Relay For Life!