Mark Scheme Nov 07

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Mark Schemes November 2007GCSE 360Science

GCSE

GCSE Additional Science (2103)

GCSE Biology (2105)GCSE Chemistry (2107)

GCSE Physics (2109)

Edexcel Limited. Registered in England and Wales No. 4496750Registered Office: One90 High Holborn, London WC1V 7BH


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Edexcel is one of the leading examining and awarding bodies in the UK and throughout the world. Weprovide a wide range of qualifications including academic, vocational, occupational and specific

programmes for employers.

Through a network of UK and overseas offices, Edexcels centres receive the support they need to help

them deliver their education and training programmes to learners.

For further information please call our Customer Services on 0870 240 9800, or visit our website atwww.edexcel.org.uk.

November 2007

Publications Code UG 019662

All the material in this publication is copyright

Edexcel Ltd 2007


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Contents

Multiple choice papers

Unit 5015/5027 1

Unit 5017/5037 2

Unit 5019/5047 3

Structured papers

Using the Mark Scheme 4

Unit 5016F/5028F 5

Unit 5016H/5028H 8

Unit 5018F/5038F 11

Unit 5018H/5038H 13

Unit 5020F/5048F 15

Unit 5020H/5048H 18


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1

Multiple Choice Papers November 2007

Unit B2 5015/5027 Unit B2 5015/5027 Unit B2 5015/5027

Topics 1, 2, 3 & 4 Topics 1, 2, 3 & 4 Topics 1, 2, 3 & 4

1 C 17 D 25 A

2 B 18 C 26 A

3 A 19 C 27 C

4 A 20 A 28 B

5 B 21 C 29 B

6 D 22 D 30 C

7 C 23 A 31 C

8 A 24 D 32 C

9 A 33 B

10 A 34 D

11 B 35 C

12 D 36 A

13 C 37 A

14 B 38 C

15 A 39 A

16 D 40 B


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2

Unit C2 5017/5037 Unit C2 5017/5037 Unit C2 5017/5037


1 D 17 A 25 D

2 D 18 D 26 A

3 B 19 C 27 A

4 A 20 C 28 C

5 C 21 C 29 C

6 B 22 A 30 A

7 B 23 D 31 B

8 A 24 A 32 D

9 A 33 C

10 B 34 B

11 B 35 B

12 A 36 B

13 C 37 D

14 C 38 C

15 D 39 B

16 B 40 A


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3

Unit P2 5019/5047 Unit P2 5019/5047 Unit P2 5019/5047


1 B 17 C 25 B

2 B 18 C 26 B

3 C 19 B 27 C

4 D 20 A 28 C

5 C 21 D 29 A

6 A 22 B 30 A

7 B 23 B 31 C

8 D 24 A 32 A

9 A 33 D

10 D 34 C

11 B 35 B

12 C 36 D

13 A 37 D

14 C 38 C

15 A 39 D

16 D 40 B


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4

Structured Papers November 2007

Using the Mark Scheme

1. This mark scheme gives you; * an idea of the type of response expected* how individual marks are to be awarded* the total mark for each question* examples of responses that should not receive credit.

2. ; separates points for the award of each mark.

3. / means that the responses are alternatives and either answer should receive full credit.

4. ( ) means that a phrase/word is not essential for the award of the mark but helps the examiner to get thesense of the expected answer.

5. Phrases/words in bold indicate that the meaning of the phrase/word is essential to the answer.

6. OWTTE (or words to that effect) and eq (equivalent) indicate that valid alternative answers (which have notbeen specified) are acceptable.

7. Ignore means that this answer is not worth a mark but does not negate an additional correct response.

8. Reject means that the answer is wrong and negates any additional correct response for that specific mark.

9. ORA (or reverse argument) indicates that the complete reverse is also valid for the award of marks.

10. ecf (error carried forward) means that a wrong answer given in an earlier part of a question is used correctlyin answer to a later part of the same question.

Marking1. You must give a tick (in red) for every mark awarded. The tick must be placed on the script close to theanswer. The total mark awarded for a question should be written in the box at the end of the question.

2. The total marks for a question should then transferred to the front of the script.

3. Suggestion/explanation questions should be marked correct even when the suggestion is contained within theexplanation.

4. Do not award marks for repetition of the stem of the question.

5. Make sure that the answer makes sense. Do not give credit for correct words/phrases which are put togetherin a meaningless manner. Answers must be in the correct scientific context.

Amplification1. In calculations, full credit must be given for a bald, correct answer. If a numerical answer is incorrect, look atthe working and award marks according to the mark scheme.

2. Consequential marking should be used in calculations. This is where a candidate's working is correct but isbased upon a previous error. When consequential marks have been awarded write "ecf" next to the ticks.

3. If candidates use the mole in calculations they must be awarded full marks for a correct answer even thoughthe term may not be on the syllabus at their level.

4. If candidates use chemical formulae instead of chemical names, credit can only be given if the formulae arecorrect.


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5

Additional Science 5016FBiology 5028F

QuestionNumber

Answer Mark

1(a) (i) food; (1)

1(a) (ii) roof; (1)

1(a) (iii) door frames; (1)

1(b) Any two from:1. more light/sunlight/suns energy (absorbed) ignore sun;2. light is needed for photosynthesis/more photosynthesis;

3. more food/glucose/ energy made for growth. (2)

substance part it plays in photosynthesis

The green chemical that absorbs light.

water

A reactant that combines with carbon

dioxide.chlorophyll

A product that goes out of the leavesinto the atmosphere.

glucose

The sugar made which can bestored as starch.

oxygen

2 (a)

The type of energy used by

plants. (3)

2 (b) carbon cycle; (1)

3 (a) Grip/grasp/hold onto (slippery) fish; (1)

3 (b) stay under water for longer/for a long time; (1)

3 (c) swim faster/very fast/fast/use less energy to swim/turn quickly/manoeuvrability (1)


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QuestionNumber

Answer Mark

4 (a) Any two from:1. now eat more/five/seven fruit/veg a day;2. advice more general, now any five fruit/veg a day was 1 ofeach of 3 different types;3. potatoes not taken as one of five;4. advice more specific eg kiwi fruit better than cucumber;5. fruit and veg. are now more readily available;6. we have a better understanding of dietaryrequirements/specific points e.g. five a day, is betterpreventative measure against bowel cancer; (2)

4 (b) Any from:1. advice is now to eat less butter/eat more low fat/

low cholesterol type spreads/cook with olive oil/eq;

2. butter is high in cholesterol/fat/bad for theheart/arteries/atherosclerosis;

NB use lower cholesterol spreads instead = 2 marks (2)

5(a)(i) Any two from:1. cross breed the two plants;2. collect the seed;3. grow the seed;4. select those with desired characteristics;

5. repeat;OR1. extract gene(s) for high resistance/high yield;2. add these genes to the other plants DNA;NB 1 general mark for reference to genetically modifying thewheat. (2)

5(a)(ii) selective breeding/artificial selection/genetic(ally) engineering/genetic(ally) modification; (1)

5(b) Any two from:

1. less energy going into stem growth;2. more energy going into seeds;3. less loss of crop;4. due to blow down;5. Takes less time to grow; (2)


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QuestionNumber

Answer Mark

6 (a)(i) causes increase in growth/numbers/amount/increasesphotosynthesis/algal bloom;[Ignore eutrophication] (1)

6 (a)(ii) less light gets through to other plant/stop themphotosynthesizing;[Reject grow bigger][Reject oxygen competition][Ignore nutrients] (1)

6 (b) decomposition/rotting/decay/break down;microbes/bacteria/fungi/micro-organisms(use up oxygen) (forgrowth);[Ignore germs]

[Allow decomposes use up oxygen for 2 marks] (2)

6 (c) eutrophication; (1)

7 (a) Any two from:1. (both) increase;2. the rise is irregular with both falls and rises;3. the two curves follow a similar pattern for both sexes;4. increase in numbers from 762 to 872;

5. decrease from 87 88;6. increase from 88 -01;7. large increase from 98 01;Credit specific references to changes in lines/male/female linesIgnore simple references to female on top of male (2)

7 (b) Any two from:1. species/organism/living thing;2. (whose) distribution/condition/success/

behaviour related to change in environment; (2)

TOTAL FOR PAPER: 30 MARKS


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Additional Science 5016HBiology 5028H

QuestionNumber

Answer Mark

1 (a)(i) causes increase in growth/numbers/amount/increasesphotosynthesis/algal bloom;[Ignore eutrophication] (1)

1 (a)(ii) less light gets through to other plant/stop themphotosynthesizing;[Reject grow bigger][Reject oxygen competition][Ignore nutrients] (1)

1 (b) decomposition/rotting/decay/break down;microbes/bacteria/fungi/micro-organisms(use up oxygen) (forgrowth);[Ignore germs][Allow decomposes use up oxygen for 2 marks] (2)

1 (c) eutrophication; (1)

2 (a) Any two from:1. (both) increase;2. the rise is irregular with both falls and rises;3. the two curves follow a similar pattern for both sexes;4. increase in numbers from 762 to 872;5. decrease from 87 88;6. increase from 88 -01;7. large increase from 98 01;Credit specific references to changes in lines/male/female linesIgnore simple references to female on top of male (2)

2 (b) Any two from:1. species/organism/living thing;2. (whose) distribution/condition/success/

behaviour related to change in environment; (2)


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QuestionNumber

Answer Mark

3 (a) stops dividing;[Reject reference to death]Reject meiosis]

(1)

3 (b) (i) 1. do not stop dividing;2. uncontrolled growth/grow into a tumour/consequence ofabove/growth as a noun; (2)

3 (b) (ii) Any two from:1. have no Hayflick limit;2. can grow into any sort of cell/differentiate/undifferentiated;3. may be used to replace/repair damaged cells/tissue/groworgans; (2)

3 (c) results in death of embryos/ unethical/embryos should have same rights as adult;accept other specific ethical issues (1)

4 (a) Any two from:1. increased light (intensity)/it increases rate of photosynthesis;2. until (light intensity) is 67/68 or (rate of photosynthesis doesnot exceed) 60 when rate levels off;3. (until then) light is the limiting factor;

4. (after 67/68) another factor is in short supply; (2)

4 (b) temperature;optimum temperature maintained by appropriateheating/cooling method;ORCarbon dioxide;Increase carbon dioxide in air by e.g.combustion/decomposition/keeping animals/;ORsoil lacking in minerals/nitrates;

add fertiliser/manure;ORwater;water them; (2)


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QuestionNumber

Answer Mark

5 (a) (i) water (jacket) keeps it cool/removes excess heat;Reject water jacket insulates/heats up fermenter/contents (1)

5 (a) (ii) Any two from:1. optimum/best (pH)/ORA;2. for enzyme activity;3. for growth of micro-organisms/fungus/penicillin; (2)

5 (b) (i) Any two from:1. no unwanted/other micro-organisms;2. can enter/no contamination;3. materials entering fermenter are sterile;Credit - no competition for resources/unwanted substances;

NB credit no pathogens enter with 2 marks (2)

5 (b) (ii) Any two from:1. fermenter steam cleaned between batches;2. fermenter is sealed;3. air is filtered;4. food is sterilised; (2)

6 Any four from:

1. (cramp is caused by) lactic acid2. (from) anaerobic respiration;3. oxygen needed to break down lactic acid;4. into (eventually) carbon dioxide and water;5. oxygen debt;6. (lactic acid broken down) in liver; (4)



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Additional Science 5018FChemistry 5038F

QuestionNumber

Answer Mark

1 (a) exothermic/polymerisation; (1)

1 (b) reaction faster/ lower temp required/reduces activation energy; (1)

method disadvantage

buried in landfill

site

many plastics are

non-biodegradable

burned plastics must becollected andsorted

recycled some plastics burntorelease toxic fumes

1 (c)

3 correct - 2 marks

1 or 2 correct - 1 mark

(2)

1 (d)(i) 4; (1)

1 (d)(i) double bond (may be shown in diagram); (1)

2 (a) magnesium;

mercury; (2)

2 (b) they have electrons free to move through the structure; (1)

2 (c)(i) 2.8.2; (1)

2 (c)(ii) 2; (1)


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QuestionNumber

Answer Mark

3 (a) (i) covalent; (1)

3 (a) (ii) strong bonds; (1)

3 (b) (i) conducts electricity; (1)

3 (b) (ii) layers can slide/weak forces between layers; (1)

3 (c) (i) polymer/plastic; (1)

3 (c) (ii) fame/ profits from sales/ uses for new molecules etc; (1)

4 (a) zinc + hydrochloric acid zinc chloride + hydrogenreactants;products;4 formulae, full balanced equation;; otherwise no marks (2)

4 (b) (i) C; (1)

4 (b) (ii) most/more bubbles; (1)

4 (b)(iii) heat (acid)/ add catalyst/make solid into smallerpieces/OWTTE; (1)

5 (a) balancing;state symbols all g; (2)

5 (b) Any two from:1. both forward and back reactions;2. take place at the same time;3. rates of reaction equal;

4. concentrations remain constant;

[Allow alternative wordings] (2)

5 (c) suitable advantage (eg replaces nutrients, improved crop yield);suitable disadvantage (eg can cause water pollution);[Allow grows faster][Reject not natural or not organic] (2)

5 (d) 1. weak forces between molecules;2. requires little energy to separate them; (2)



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Additional Science 5018HChemistry 5038H

QuestionNumber

Answer Mark

1 (a) balancing;state symbols all g; (2)

1 (b) Any two from:1. both forward and back reactions;2. take place at the same time;3. rates of reaction equal;4. concentrations remain constant;

[Allow alternative wordings] (2)

1 (c) suitable advantage (eg replaces nutrients, improved crop yield);suitable disadvantage (eg can cause water pollution);[Allow grows faster][Reject not natural or not organic] (2)

1 (d) 1. weak forces between molecules;2. requires little energy to separate them; (2)

2 (a) (i) 676three correct;;any two correct; (2)

2 (a) (ii) different number of neutrons / different mass number;[Reject if protons/electrons different] (1)

2 (b) (i) suitable suggested use eg electricity cable; (1)

2 (b) (ii) Any from:1. electrons move;2. delocalised/free (electrons)/over the surface (of thenanotube); (2)


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QuestionNumber

Answer Mark

3 (a) can be reshaped on heating / softens when heated; (1)

3 (b)

C C

H

HH

C H

H

H

C C

H

HH

C H

H

H

[Allow methyl groups on 1st and 4th carbon][Allow CH3 for methyl groups]or 6 carbon skeleton correct;

rest of diagram correct;any double bond in the diagram scores zero (2)

3 (c) (i) 42; (1)

3 (c) (ii) 42 . x 100 ; = 70%(42 + 18);allow ecf from (i)[Reject answers >100%] (2)

3 (c)(iii) important for sustainable development/prevent waste/more efficient; (1)

4 (a) (i) cathode / negative electrode; (1)

4 (a) (ii) so that ions/particles can move (to electrodes)/allow TiO2 to dissolve/so can conduct electricity; (1)

4 (a)(iii) Ti4+

+ 4 e(-)

Ti;;or : Ti4+ Ti; 4 e(-); (2)

4 (b) (i) mass of titanium = 4.00 g;Ti = 4.00 = 0.0833 ( 1/12 ) C = 1.00 = 0.0833 ( 1/12 ) ;

48.0 12.0empirical formula = TiC / CTi; (3)

4 (b) (ii) strong forces of attraction/bonds/lots of energy to break bonds;between ions/ atoms / ionic bonding; (2)



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Additional Science 5020FPhysics 5048F

QuestionNumber

Answer Allow Re

1(a) repels;attracts; repels;attracts;

repel;attract; repel;attract;repulsion/push/rebels for repelsattraction for attracts

Re

1(b) (i) electrons;

1(b) (ii) negative;

2 (a) (i) clear indication anywhere on the curvebetween 1.5 and 2.2s;

2 (a) (ii) the entire S after 4.5after 4.6s;

2 (b) 110;ignore units

ans in range 107-113

2 (c) 270/4.5;60;

54 for one mark 12

source 1 gamma rays

source 2 alpha particles

3 (a)

source 3 beta particles

3 correct - 2 marks1 correct - 1 mark2 correct - 1 mark

anbom


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3 (b) (i) gamma rays;

3 (b) (ii) radiation;

3 (b)(iii) any one from

food becomesradioactive/contaminated byradiation

they becomeradioactive/contaminated

(the radiation) is dangerous/harmful or left over;

OWTEE it

3 (c) (i) any one sensible answer;e.g. hair loss/cancer/nausea

/ionisation of cells/damage to(body) cells/mutation/radiationsickness/ radiation burns

3 (c) (ii) any one sensible answer;e.g. (protective) shell/shield around

the source/protectiveclothing/handling tongs/gloves/distance from source /noteating or drinking near source/notpointing it at the operator etc.

ra

4 (a) 4 x 5 x 10 x1.5 ;300;

75 or 30 for one mark

4 (b) 300 (allow ecf from (a));

4 (c) power = 2400/48;= 50;


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5 (a) (i) 100 87;13%/ 13;

allow addition of non-natural sources

5 (a) (ii) idea of tracers / gamma camera/PET;

5 (a) (iii) any one sensible answer;

radiotherapy/brachytherapy/cancer treatment

specific example of treatment

clear indication of sterilisation ofinstruments for surgery/medical uses

thyroid, prostate, breast

ch

5 (b) use made of nuclear data;use made of other data;valid comparison/conclusion;

ignore yes/no

TO


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Additional Science 5020HPhysics 5048H

QuestionNumber

Answer Allow

1 (a)(i) 100 87;

13%/ 13;

allow addition of non-natural sources

1 (a) (ii) idea of tracers / gamma camera/PET;

1 (a) (iii) any one sensible answer;

radiotherapy/brachytherapy /cancer treatment

specific example of treatment

clear indication of sterilisation ofinstruments for surgery/medical uses

thyroid, prostate, breast

1 (b) use made of nuclear data;use made of other data;valid comparison/conclusion;

ignore yes/no

2 (a) (air) resistance/drag/upthrust;weight/(force of) gravity/pull of earth;

2 (b) weight/ down(wards) force/ gravity; allow an ecf from (a) if seen

2 (c) (i) zero/0N ; nothing

2 (c) (ii) smaller terminal velocity/constant speed;less upward force required/ resistive forcesare lower;

reach TV quicker for first markforces are balanced at a lower TV for 2marks

3 (a) zero;not accelerating/ constant speed /balanced

forces;

3 (b) 200 x 15; subst.3000; ans.


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3 (c) idea of forward momentum/inertia;idea of insufficient force acting to stop it from

moving forward;

allow KE for 1 mark

3 (d) (i) direction of movement of lorry and consequence;

e.g. when braking could smash into theback of the cabin / driver;

in accelerating could fall off back offlorry,

in cornering crate may fall of theside.

3 (d) (ii) any sensible improvement;

e.g. crate in contact with cabin

restraining ropes

stronger driver cage

4 (a) arrow pointing from capsule A towards centreof wheel;

arrow pointing to capsule A towards centrof wheel;

4 (b) cables under tension/stretched/pull(inwards);

4 (c) at top weight produces some of the force neededto go in a circle;at the bottom weight is added to the tensionin the cable;

correct comment about forces at top;correct comment about forces at bottom;

4 (d) = 16 x 12.5 x 1000 x 750; subst= 1.5 x 108/150 000 000; ansJ; unit joules/Joules/j

9375 000 =19375J =19375kNm =29375kJ =2

4 (e) power = work done = 1.5 x 108 ; subst 150 000 000time 30 x 60 1800

= 8.3(3) x 10

4

; ans 83333allow ecf from 4d


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Further copies of this publication are available fromEdexcel Publications, Adamsway, Mansfield, Notts, NG18 4FN

Telephone 01623 467467Fax 01623 450481

Email [email protected]

Order Code UG019662 November 2007

For more information on Edexcel qualifications, please visit www.edexcel.org.uk/qualificationsAlternatively, you can contact Customer Services at www.edexcel.org.uk/ask or on 0870 240 9800

Edexcel Limited. Registered in England and Wales no.4496750Registered Office: One90 High Holborn, London, WC1V 7BH

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