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Mark Schubin, 3D Stereo MEDIA, Liege, 2010 December 9Mark Schubin, 3D Stereo MEDIA, Liege, 2010 December 9 11
Some Aspects of 3D… in Some Aspects of 3D… in Depth!Depth!
Single-Source Stereo and Single-Source Stereo and Microstereoscopic 3DMicrostereoscopic 3D
Mark Schubin, SchubinCafe.comMark Schubin, SchubinCafe.com
PLEASE VIEW IN SLIDE SHOW MODE TO ACTIVATE AUDIO PLEASE VIEW IN SLIDE SHOW MODE TO ACTIVATE AUDIO
Mark Schubin, 3D Stereo MEDIA, Liege, 2010 December 9Mark Schubin, 3D Stereo MEDIA, Liege, 2010 December 9 22
2X equipment & signals +2X equipment & signals + Additional personnelAdditional personnel
convergence per pairconvergence per pair stereographerstereographer
Additional processingAdditional processing correct, match, formatcorrect, match, format
Graphics z-axis depthGraphics z-axis depth Distribution resolutionDistribution resolution Monitoring challengesMonitoring challenges
3D Challenges Pre-Viewer3D Challenges Pre-Viewer
Sony brochuresSony brochures
Pace rigPace rig
NEP SS-3D (6 of 16 seats)NEP SS-3D (6 of 16 seats)
Mark Schubin, 3D Stereo MEDIA, Liege, 2010 December 9Mark Schubin, 3D Stereo MEDIA, Liege, 2010 December 9 33
3
3D Viewer Challenges3D Viewer Challenges Limited 3DTV penetrationLimited 3DTV penetration
need for separate coverage?need for separate coverage? GlassesGlasses
cost, batteries, maintenancecost, batteries, maintenance Compatibility w/2D viewingCompatibility w/2D viewing
need for 2D glasses?need for 2D glasses? Perceptual conflictsPerceptual conflicts
stereovisual-vestibularstereovisual-vestibular distance-baseddistance-based
Pace-Pace-Fujinon Fujinon ShadowShadow
Sony 3DTVSony 3DTVat CES 2009at CES 2009
““simulatorsimulatorsickness”sickness”
Mark Schubin, 3D Stereo MEDIA, Liege, 2010 December 9Mark Schubin, 3D Stereo MEDIA, Liege, 2010 December 9 44
MotionMotion what just happened?what just happened?
SoundSound what’s she saying?what’s she saying?
ColorColor red dress? army green?red dress? army green?
HDHD earring or blood?earring or blood?
3D3D depth depth informationinformation?? or just depth or just depth sensationsensation??
What Is 3D?What Is 3D?
Mark Schubin, 3D Stereo MEDIA, Liege, 2010 December 9Mark Schubin, 3D Stereo MEDIA, Liege, 2010 December 9 55
Theory of Two-Lens StereoscopyTheory of Two-Lens Stereoscopy
acquisitionacquisition presentationpresentation
3D =3D =height,height,width,width,depthdepth
screenscreen
Mark Schubin, 3D Stereo MEDIA, Liege, 2010 December 9Mark Schubin, 3D Stereo MEDIA, Liege, 2010 December 9 66
OtherOther 33 StereoStereo DimensionsDimensions
pupillary distancepupillary distance40-80 mm40-80 mm
(down to 5-year-olds)(down to 5-year-olds)
screen size ~ 3 cm to 30 mscreen size ~ 3 cm to 30 mviewing distanceviewing distance
vastvast range of vergence-based distance for same 3D master range of vergence-based distance for same 3D master
Mark Schubin, 3D Stereo MEDIA, Liege, 2010 December 9Mark Schubin, 3D Stereo MEDIA, Liege, 2010 December 9 77
Infinite Distance*Infinite Distance*
Normal:Normal:parallel viewsparallel views
Reduced:Reduced:converging viewsconverging views
Expanded:Expanded:divergingdiverging views views
*in visual terms, “infinite distance” starts at as little as 6 m*in visual terms, “infinite distance” starts at as little as 6 m
notnot normal! normal!
Mark Schubin, 3D Stereo MEDIA, Liege, 2010 December 9Mark Schubin, 3D Stereo MEDIA, Liege, 2010 December 9 88
http://www.nds.com/pdfs/3DTV-DoesSizeMatter_IBC2010Award.pdf
IBC 2010 Best Paper AwardIBC 2010 Best Paper Award““Does Size Matter?” NDS authorsDoes Size Matter?” NDS authors
Mark Schubin, 3D Stereo MEDIA, Liege, 2010 December 9Mark Schubin, 3D Stereo MEDIA, Liege, 2010 December 9 99
Vergence-Accommodation Vergence-Accommodation ConflictConflict
from Prof. Martin Banks,from Prof. Martin Banks,Visual Space Perception LabVisual Space Perception LabUniversity of California – BerkeleyUniversity of California – Berkeley
3.2 meters (10.5 feet) ok to3.2 meters (10.5 feet) ok to ++∞∞
Mark Schubin, 3D Stereo MEDIA, Liege, 2010 December 9Mark Schubin, 3D Stereo MEDIA, Liege, 2010 December 9 1010
Countering V-A ConflictCountering V-A Conflict
In-Three “3D in the Home”In-Three “3D in the Home”http://www.in-three.com/3DintheHomev2.html http://www.in-three.com/3DintheHomev2.html
Mark Schubin, 3D Stereo MEDIA, Liege, 2010 December 9Mark Schubin, 3D Stereo MEDIA, Liege, 2010 December 9 1111
MiniaturizationMiniaturization
Elan Valley Miniature Elan Valley Miniature (tilt-shift technique based on blur)(tilt-shift technique based on blur)http://www.flickr.com/photos/frosted_peppercorn/481102393/ http://www.flickr.com/photos/frosted_peppercorn/481102393/
2D2D
left-eyeeft-eyeviewview
right-eyeright-eyeviewview
Image position Image position relatively easy to relatively easy to
change; imagechange; imagecontent much content much
harder to changeharder to change
Mark Schubin, 3D Stereo MEDIA, Liege, 2010 December 9Mark Schubin, 3D Stereo MEDIA, Liege, 2010 December 9 1212
Ghosting (Crosstalk)Ghosting (Crosstalk)
GlassesGlasses DisplayDisplay SynchronizationSynchronization Viewing AngleViewing Angle OrientationOrientation Inability to fuseInability to fuse
shot through active-shutter glasses for Gizmodo 3DTV reviewshot through active-shutter glasses for Gizmodo 3DTV reviewhttp://gizmodo.com/5501900/the-best-3dtv-samsung-un55c7000-vs-panasonic-tc+p50vt20http://gizmodo.com/5501900/the-best-3dtv-samsung-un55c7000-vs-panasonic-tc+p50vt20
Mark Schubin, 3D Stereo MEDIA, Liege, 2010 December 9Mark Schubin, 3D Stereo MEDIA, Liege, 2010 December 9 1313
Spatial ResolutionSpatial Resolution photos byphotos byPeter FascianoPeter Fasciano
Mark Schubin, 3D Stereo MEDIA, Liege, 2010 December 9Mark Schubin, 3D Stereo MEDIA, Liege, 2010 December 9 1414
Anaglyph ChallengesAnaglyph Challenges Inexpensive glassesInexpensive glasses Any TV Any TV Any color TV distributionAny color TV distribution Full resolutionFull resolution
ButBut Strong ghostingStrong ghosting Poor color renditionPoor color rendition Eye rivalryEye rivalry Light lossLight loss Display adjustmentDisplay adjustment
TrioScopicsTrioScopics
ColorCode 3-DColorCode 3-D
Mark Schubin, 3D Stereo MEDIA, Liege, 2010 December 9Mark Schubin, 3D Stereo MEDIA, Liege, 2010 December 9 1515
Why Not Anaglyph?Why Not Anaglyph?
even inexpensive glasses pass & reject as desiredeven inexpensive glasses pass & reject as desired
Ghosting in Anaglyphic Stereoscopic ImagesGhosting in Anaglyphic Stereoscopic ImagesAndrew J. Woods & Tegan RourkeAndrew J. Woods & Tegan Rourke
Centre for Marine Science & Technology, Curtin University of TechnologyCentre for Marine Science & Technology, Curtin University of Technologyhttp://cmst.curtin.edu.au/local/docs/pubs/2004-08.pdf http://cmst.curtin.edu.au/local/docs/pubs/2004-08.pdf
but displays don’t matchbut displays don’t match
Mark Schubin, 3D Stereo MEDIA, Liege, 2010 December 9Mark Schubin, 3D Stereo MEDIA, Liege, 2010 December 9 1616
Cue SignificanceCue Significance
S. Nagata, 1991S. Nagata, 1991 J. Cutting & P. Vishton, 1995J. Cutting & P. Vishton, 1995
Mark Schubin, 3D Stereo MEDIA, Liege, 2010 December 9Mark Schubin, 3D Stereo MEDIA, Liege, 2010 December 9 1717
The Elusive GrailThe Elusive GrailCan there be a 3D system withCan there be a 3D system with no ghostingno ghosting no V-A conflict or shrinkingno V-A conflict or shrinking 2D-viewer compatibility2D-viewer compatibility no extra personnelno extra personnel one lens & camera/positionone lens & camera/position one signal path/recordingone signal path/recording full resolutionfull resolution inexpensive glassesinexpensive glasses for for all all TVs & distribution?TVs & distribution?
Mark Schubin, 3D Stereo MEDIA, Liege, 2010 December 9Mark Schubin, 3D Stereo MEDIA, Liege, 2010 December 9 1818
Alternatives to Twin-Lens 3DAlternatives to Twin-Lens 3D
Less Than Fully StereoscopicLess Than Fully Stereoscopic e.g., choromostereoscopic, Pulfriche.g., choromostereoscopic, Pulfrich
2D-to-3D Conversion2D-to-3D Conversion frame-by-frame, auto+assist, liveframe-by-frame, auto+assist, live
Virtual 3D CamerasVirtual 3D Cameras second VC per positionsecond VC per position
Single-Lens StereoscopicSingle-Lens Stereoscopic Sony TDG, ISee3D, etc.Sony TDG, ISee3D, etc.
ISee3DISee3Dshutteringshuttering
BBC R&D White Paper 180BBC R&D White Paper 180
Mark Schubin, 3D Stereo MEDIA, Liege, 2010 December 9Mark Schubin, 3D Stereo MEDIA, Liege, 2010 December 9 1919
ChromostereopsisChromostereopsis Eye lens focuses one colorEye lens focuses one color
red seems in front of bluered seems in front of blue Real-world often matchesReal-world often matches
front: people, animalsfront: people, animalsback: green trees, blue skiesback: green trees, blue skies
easy animationeasy animation ChromaDepth glassesChromaDepth glasses
prism-based color shiftprism-based color shift
portion of portion of Apparatus to Talk to Aliens,Apparatus to Talk to Aliens,Akiyoshi Kitaoka, Ritsumeikan U.Akiyoshi Kitaoka, Ritsumeikan U.
Mark Schubin, 3D Stereo MEDIA, Liege, 2010 December 9Mark Schubin, 3D Stereo MEDIA, Liege, 2010 December 9 2020
Pulfrich IllusionPulfrich Illusion
One eye darkenedOne eye darkened dark eye sees what wasdark eye sees what was clear eye sees what isclear eye sees what is
Choreography crucialChoreography crucial carousel idealcarousel ideal
Rolling Stones Rolling Stones Steel WheelsSteel Wheels tour – good tour – goodSuper Bowl half-time – badSuper Bowl half-time – bad
Mark Schubin, 3D Stereo MEDIA, Liege, 2010 December 9Mark Schubin, 3D Stereo MEDIA, Liege, 2010 December 9 2121
View ShiftingView Shifting
““Wiggle-Vision”Wiggle-Vision” 3D for the one-eyed3D for the one-eyed Constant motionConstant motion
if not subtle, annoyingif not subtle, annoying if subtle, near invisibleif subtle, near invisible
V3 iris-shifting lens adaptorV3 iris-shifting lens adaptor widely used, very subtlewidely used, very subtle see for yourself: see for yourself:
http://www.inv3.com/examples_section.html http://www.inv3.com/examples_section.html
Mark Schubin, 3D Stereo MEDIA, Liege, 2010 December 9Mark Schubin, 3D Stereo MEDIA, Liege, 2010 December 9 2222
LessLess ThanThan FullFull Stereoscopy in Stereoscopy in UseUse
New York Times,New York Times,April 22, April 22, 19801980
enhanced chromostereopsis (ChromaDepth) – VH1enhanced chromostereopsis (ChromaDepth) – VH1
Pulfrich - DiscoveryPulfrich - Discovery
micro-micro-stereopsisstereopsis – –Nine TV SydneyNine TV Sydney(TrioScopics shown)(TrioScopics shown)
view-view-shift –shift –CBSCBS
Mark Schubin, 3D Stereo MEDIA, Liege, 2010 December 9Mark Schubin, 3D Stereo MEDIA, Liege, 2010 December 9 2323
Virtual-Camera S3DVirtual-Camera S3D
Imec above, BBC Research White Paper 180 similarImec above, BBC Research White Paper 180 similar
Mark Schubin, 3D Stereo MEDIA, Liege, 2010 December 9Mark Schubin, 3D Stereo MEDIA, Liege, 2010 December 9 2424
Origins of StereoscopyOrigins of Stereoscopy
1833 Wheatstone1833 Wheatstone adjustable distanceadjustable distance
1849 Brewster1849 Brewster lenticular (lensed)lenticular (lensed)
1851 Holmes1851 Holmes adjustable prismatic adjustable prismatic
lenticularlenticular
Mark Schubin, 3D Stereo MEDIA, Liege, 2010 December 9Mark Schubin, 3D Stereo MEDIA, Liege, 2010 December 9 2525
The Other StereoThe Other Stereo
Scientific American, Scientific American, December 31, 1881December 31, 1881
A-B Stereo (Spaced A-B Stereo (Spaced Omnis)Omnis)
BIGBIG sensation sensation differencedifference
UnnaturalUnnatural Poor mono Poor mono
compatibilitycompatibility
distance >>human head widthdistance >>human head width
remember “ping-pong” stereo?remember “ping-pong” stereo?
““Binauricular Auduition”Binauricular Auduition”compared to stereoscopecompared to stereoscope
Mark Schubin, 3D Stereo MEDIA, Liege, 2010 December 9Mark Schubin, 3D Stereo MEDIA, Liege, 2010 December 9 2626
““Single-Source” StereoSingle-Source” Stereo
X-Y, M-S, Dummy HeadX-Y, M-S, Dummy Head““coincident stereo” techniquescoincident stereo” techniques
consumer, tooconsumer, too
Mark Schubin, 3D Stereo MEDIA, Liege, 2010 December 9Mark Schubin, 3D Stereo MEDIA, Liege, 2010 December 9 2727
Narrow-Separation ListeningNarrow-Separation Listening
EmbracingSoundEmbracingSoundspeaker systemspeaker system
common professional Wohler stereo monitoringcommon professional Wohler stereo monitoring
Philips HTS7140 3D Blu-ray homePhilips HTS7140 3D Blu-ray hometheatre with surround-sound bartheatre with surround-sound bar
Mark Schubin, 3D Stereo MEDIA, Liege, 2010 December 9Mark Schubin, 3D Stereo MEDIA, Liege, 2010 December 9 2828
Visual StereoacuityVisual Stereoacuity
““Stereoacuity at Distance and Near,” Wong, Woods, & PeliStereoacuity at Distance and Near,” Wong, Woods, & Pelihttp://www.eri.harvard.edu/faculty/peli/posters/optometry/AAO2000_poster.pdf http://www.eri.harvard.edu/faculty/peli/posters/optometry/AAO2000_poster.pdf
Binocular Vision and Stereopsis, Binocular Vision and Stereopsis, Howard & Rogers, 1996Howard & Rogers, 1996
10 arcsecond stereoacuity ~10 arcsecond stereoacuity ~1/6 of a pixel at “optimum” 1/6 of a pixel at “optimum” (6/6, 20/20) viewing angle(6/6, 20/20) viewing angle
Mark Schubin, 3D Stereo MEDIA, Liege, 2010 December 9Mark Schubin, 3D Stereo MEDIA, Liege, 2010 December 9 2929
Limited StereopsisLimited Stereopsis
reference: Canon XJ22x7.3reference: Canon XJ22x7.3compact studio lenscompact studio lens165 mm wide box165 mm wide box
Canon 3D lens,Canon 3D lens,shown on XL1shown on XL1DXG-321DXG-321
much much narrower thannarrower thanpupillary distancepupillary distance
Sharp 3D moduleSharp 3D moduleHammacher-Hammacher-SchlemmerSchlemmer
Panasonic VW-CLT1Panasonic VW-CLT13D conversion lens3D conversion lens(outer width 58 mm)(outer width 58 mm)
lens adaptorlens adaptor
Mark Schubin, 3D Stereo MEDIA, Liege, 2010 December 9Mark Schubin, 3D Stereo MEDIA, Liege, 2010 December 9 3030
3ality Demo at 2010 DCS3ality Demo at 2010 DCS
photo by Mark Forman photo by Mark Forman http://screeningroom.com/ http://screeningroom.com/
Mark Schubin, 3D Stereo MEDIA, Liege, 2010 December 9Mark Schubin, 3D Stereo MEDIA, Liege, 2010 December 9 3131
MicrostereopsisMicrostereopsis Term coined by Mel Siegel, Robotics Institute, Term coined by Mel Siegel, Robotics Institute,
Carnegie Mellon University, and co-authors of Carnegie Mellon University, and co-authors of papers “Kinder Gentler Stereo,” and “Just papers “Kinder Gentler Stereo,” and “Just Enough Reality: Comfortable 3D Viewing via Enough Reality: Comfortable 3D Viewing via Microstereopsis” Microstereopsis” ((Proc. SPIE, Proc. SPIE, 1999)1999)
Intended as a solution to “simulator sickness”Intended as a solution to “simulator sickness” Concept much older (as will be seen)Concept much older (as will be seen) Not likely to be confused with Not likely to be confused with
microstereoscopymicrostereoscopy, term used for 3D , term used for 3D microscopymicroscopy
Mark Schubin, 3D Stereo MEDIA, Liege, 2010 December 9Mark Schubin, 3D Stereo MEDIA, Liege, 2010 December 9 3232
MicrostereopsisMicrostereopsis
CES 2009CES 2009no-glassesno-glasses
2D-compatible2D-compatible(no double(no double
images)images)
1979: D.O.T.S. NL1979: D.O.T.S. NL(Beiser US;(Beiser US;
1970: Songer)1970: Songer)Nine TV SydneyNine TV Sydney
in focus: normalin focus: normal too close: LG, RMtoo close: LG, RM too far: LM, RGtoo far: LM, RG oneone camera camera
ISee3D alternate-shuttered versionISee3D alternate-shuttered version
Sony TechnologyDevelopment Group
Mark Schubin, 3D Stereo MEDIA, Liege, 2010 December 9Mark Schubin, 3D Stereo MEDIA, Liege, 2010 December 9 3333
Successfully broadcastSuccessfully broadcast Patents have expiredPatents have expired One ordinary lens/position*One ordinary lens/position* Single-camera/position*Single-camera/position* 3D display ok for 2D viewing3D display ok for 2D viewing Ghosting not an issueGhosting not an issue V-A conflict not an issueV-A conflict not an issue* depends somewhat on system* depends somewhat on system
MicrostereopsisMicrostereopsis
Mark Schubin, 3D Stereo MEDIA, Liege, 2010 December 9Mark Schubin, 3D Stereo MEDIA, Liege, 2010 December 9 3434
Successfully broadcastSuccessfully broadcast Patents have expiredPatents have expired One ordinary lens/position*One ordinary lens/position* Single-camera/position*Single-camera/position* 3D display ok for 2D viewing3D display ok for 2D viewing Ghosting not an issueGhosting not an issue V-A conflict not an issueV-A conflict not an issue* depends somewhat on system* depends somewhat on system
MicrostereopsisMicrostereopsis
Mark Schubin, 3D Stereo MEDIA, Liege, 2010 December 9Mark Schubin, 3D Stereo MEDIA, Liege, 2010 December 9 3535
Successfully broadcastSuccessfully broadcast Patents have expiredPatents have expired One ordinary lens/position*One ordinary lens/position* Single-camera/position*Single-camera/position* 3D display ok for 2D viewing3D display ok for 2D viewing Ghosting not an issueGhosting not an issue V-A conflict not an issueV-A conflict not an issue* depends somewhat on system* depends somewhat on system
MicrostereopsisMicrostereopsis
?
Mark Schubin, 3D Stereo MEDIA, Liege, 2010 December 9Mark Schubin, 3D Stereo MEDIA, Liege, 2010 December 9 3636
More at SchubinCafe.comMore at SchubinCafe.comThanks to All-Mobile VideoThanks to All-Mobile Video
for 3D production andfor 3D production andtransmission facilitiestransmission facilities