MARKETS SYSTEMS, TOWNS FOOD SUPPLY and EAST AFRICAN MOUNTAINS’ TERRITORIAL

INTEGRATION

Mount Elgon, (Uganda) Mount Rungwe, (Tanzania)

S. Racaud (a), A. Cazenave-Piarrot (a), Prof. J-C. Bruneau (b),

(a)UMR Dynamiques rurales, Université de Toulouse2-Le Mirail, Toulouse, France;

(b)UMR ADES-DYMSET, Université Michel de Montaigne Bordeaux 3, Bordeaux France

THEME

URBAN-RURAL INTERACTIONS

RELATIONS BETWEEN THE MOUNTAINS AND THE CITIES

INTERACTIONS BETWEEN PRODUCTION AREAS AND CONSUMERS PLACES

WHAT ARE THE MODALITIES OF EXCHANGES WITHIN THE MOUNTAIN AREAS AND THEIR INTERACTIONS WITH DISTANT MARKETS?

PROBLEMATICS and APPROACH

• MOUNTAIN AND TOWN =

PARTS OF A SPATIAL CONTINUUM=

A MEDIUM, A DYNAMIC SUPPORT OF THE EXCHANGE SYSTEMS

• URBAN & RURAL= DISCONTINUOUS AND FLUCTUATING

• HOW CAN THE MARKETS SYSTEM PARTICIPATE TO THE TERRITORIAL INTEGRATION OF THE MOUNTAIN?

Geography of flows

EAST AFRICAN MOUNTAINS:

INCREASE in:

-- POPULATION

-- LAND PRESSURE

-- RATE OF URBANISATION

= OPEN MOUNTAINS: INCLUDED IN EXCHANGE SYSTEMS INTEGRATING MULTI GEOGRAPHICAL SCALES

= SPACES IN TRANSITION:

FROM A « CASH CROPS MODEL »

TO A « FOOD CASH CROPS MODEL »

= AMPLIFICATION OF EXCHANGES BETWEEN

-A WIDER RANGE OF ACTORS IN THE FOODSTUFFS CHAINS

- MORE PLACES (PRODUCTION ZONES, MARKET PLACES) WITHIN AND OUTSIDE THE MOUNTAIN

CONCEPTS

• MARKET SYSTEM:

OPEN SYSTEM INTERACTING AT DIFFERENT GEOGRAPHICAL SCALES

- PHYSICAL NETWORK OF MARKETS PLACES

- INFRASTRUCTURES OF MARKET PLACES

- MANAGEMENT

- REGULATION

• TERRITORIAL INTEGRATION:

- SPATIAL CONTINUUM WITHIN THE MOUNTAIN AND WITH THE LOWLANDS

-PLACES : PRODUCTION POOL, MARKET PLACES, TOWN

-SEVERAL GEOGRAPHICAL SCALES

- AVAILABILITY OF INFRASTRUCTURES : ROADS, MARKETS

- ACCESS TO THE MARKET : INFRASTRUCTURES, INFORMATION, RULES

• FOODSTUFFS CHAINS -TYPE OF PRODUCT -TYPE OF SUPPLY - NUMBER AND TYPE OF ACTORS - ROUTES - VOLUME - TRANSACTION, PRICES

= DIFFERENT STAGES = TERRITORIAL ROOTING

DENSIFICATION OF THE MARKETS PLACES NETWORK

WEAK EFFECT OF POLITICAL AND LEGAL ENVIRONMENT

DOUBLE INTERACTION PRODUCTION / MARKET

Poroto Mountains’ market system

IMPERFECT MARKET:

-LACK OF REGULATION

- NO STANDARD

- STRONG VARIABILITY OF THE PRICES

- INFORMAL CHARACTERISTICS

- UNEQUAL ACCESS TO THE MARKET

SPECIALISATION OF THE PRODUCTION ZONES AND OF THE MARKET PLACES

-RESPONSES TO THE MARKETS OPPORTUNITIES

- ROLE OF THE INFRASTRUCTURES

- ROLE OF URBAN INVESTMENT

--HIERARCHICAL ORGANISATION

SPATIAL, SOCIAL, ECONOMIC IMBALANCES

? SUSTAINABILITY OF a FOOD CASH CROP MODEL / PHYSICAL &

SOCIAL TENSIONS ? ? SUSTAINABILITY OF MOUNTAINS’ DEVELOPEMENT THROUGH

FOOD CASH CROPS MODEL ?