MARSHALL ISLANDS FILE TRACKING DOCUMENT
Record Number: --L!s_
File Name (TITLE
’ Document Number (ID): / zh g ? 3
DATE: ;i49?51
Previous Location (FROM): 6%
AUTHOR:
Addditional Information:
OrMIbox:
CyMIbox:
CoPlecJ/DOE
LANL, J-D/v.
126833
MIKE SHOT CU5SOI;Y KEPOliTS
OP
Experimental Program
With Very Mild Editing
William E. Ogle and
John H. Lofland, Jr.
8 IJovember 132 Eniwetok, M. I.
Los Almos Scisntific Laboratory of t'-e
University of Gilifomia
t3nd Project
* ; Fu;DIoCHRasT3Y
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TI_BLS OF COKEIm
i%fiz
. . . . . . . . . .._ . 1-l . . . . . . . . . . .
1 r) - 1.1 Yield Xeaeuremente . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . m . 1.2 Internal Nuclear Detector Meeeurenenta . . . . . . _
. ;-;
1.3 Cloud Sampling on Hike Shot . . . . . . . . . . . . . . l-5
t PXGl3ESSOFTHEKJC~hE24CTICN . . . . . . . . . . ...2-1
Eeport on NELK Diagnoetlc Expel;imente . . . . . . . . . . . 2-2
3-l J SCIENTIFIC PEUI'OG-%PHY
...................
Technical Photography by E&G ...............
3.1 Ball-of-fire Yield 3.2 Cloud Phenomena 3.5 Ill:laination as f(t) - Gfi Slit Cameras 3.6 Bhanqetere .... ... ... ... ...... ... ......
I 3_3 . 3_3 .t_3
. . .................................... (Work in connection with Program 6 and 10)
. jc3 __
F
(3.1) Preliminary Fireball Yield (1 Nov 52) . . . . . . . . 3-7 (3.1) Fireball Yield for Mike Shot (Supplementj . . . . . .._3-9
A
3.3 and 3.4 Hot-spot Obeervetion and Bomb Caee >lotion . . . 3-13
3.7 PrelLminary Photographic Crater Survey . . . . . . . . 3-21
i llXlTi?ON MEps~N’-IS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *. 4-1 .
4.1 Slow Neutron 0bservation.e
.........................................
4-2
4.2 High-energy Neutron Obaervatioae
4 2
4.4 Neutron Intensity a6 f(t)
4-2 -
5 GAimA-RAY ~~zrs ................... 5-l
5-2 5.1 Tote1 Gemma-ray Dose . . , . . . . . . . . . . . . . l 5_3 5.2 Ga.mx Intepsity 66 f(tj . . . . . . . . . . . . . - . . 5_7 5.3 --ray Intensity VB Time (fall-out) . . . . . . . l
5.h Fall-out Dj.etribution tlr,d Particle Size . . . . . . . . 5-10 5.b Clcee-in Pafiiculnte Cloud 2nd Fall-out Studlee . . . . 5-18
,c >ZZ" v-$;?--'clJTS . . . . . . . . . . , . . . _ . . . . . . 4-l .LLJ"rL-=-._J
. 6-2 ElaSt~~as~rements,Sandia................ 62 6.1 ?r?sa.ue 78 Tile op Gro-ad . . . . . . . l . l - - *
6:3 6.3 Shock Wind, ,fterdind, nnd SOUND V<lOCity . - - * * - 6_4- 6.5 Groyad Xotlcn _ S??~aic !+~~s~r53ente . . . . . - - -
6-n Underwater ?ress~~ee - ;.lsng beef . . . - . - - l - ‘. 6-4
CoPled/DOE ‘A’% J-Ok. ii
Frograq &nd Fro)ect
7 LCIiG F&NGZ DZTX'ZION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-l
9 ?LX'ZObl;G:E-IIC PHZ::O:E;K . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Y-1
+Tg ~.sf(D,....................,.. . 6-i6 Air Density >Icesurezxnts i:r?lin& Beta Dcnsitoxtw . . . G-19
6.1~1 Free ,,,ir Pres3,xre LS f(tj - !.bmF) Arcrtift . . , . . . 6-26 6.il Eree Air ?rL-sexe ss r’(t,, ctilizing Parachutc-
Sus?and?d Cr:n:etors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-28
Export ori ProSran 7 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-2
7.1 3lectro3agnetic zf’r~mi fro3 IClclear Zxplosion . . . 7-3 7.2 Airborne Low-freq.dznq SoAnd from !:tomic Zx:Jlosion. . 7-3 _-. ‘7.3 Calibration .Q~l;rsia of Clase-in ,,-BornS Debris . . . 7-3 7.k Pro;eq_t',on of Soi871ic Wa-res . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-5 E
.i ’
7.5 Transportation 3f ;-:,-borne Debris . . . . . . . . . . 7-5 7.6 Detection of Fireball rz++a at Distances . . . . . . 7-5 Aa-cJL* *
TEFJ&_L F"DII.TION X%.SUFE~ENTS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . e-1
Ti;er.xil IiaJitition Xxio~.irem2nts bj* IEL ........... 8-2 8.1 Intseral Thermal Endiaiion Xeas:lren:nts ....... 8-2
8.2 Tinem Intzr;alty r;3 f(t) .............. 8-3 i3.3 Spectroscopy .................... 8-5 2.4 Xtmz3,Ceric Transnisaion .............. 8-9
8.5 T"nerma1 6adiation as f(t) in Tree Air, ?Jtillziq !hnned Aircraft . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-U
4.1 El:ctromqetic Siqzls . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-2 9.2 Effects on tiic Icncz;.krc vi+-h E.:fs.:ect to Propa-
gation sf Radio S!tivea . * . . . . * . . . . . . . . . . 4-L r. 3 >j:esure.:Lent of Eff; zt3 of ",c . * -mi * Zx;l9S LO0 Gn ..I_.._..._
Fedio Fropa_qtim . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . s-6
; . -I ’ ?Vcl.iktiGn or’ Indirect Z!C.TI.; %,~s<P .SS;.SSYP~~ Techi,;,es . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . y . Y-6
13 Ti'CI;;G :'.Z _FIEIi;G . . . . . . . . . . . . . . , , . . . y .10-l -a_
. 6.> :stmmrc~exit oi ~fieniti ............... 6-133 *S.Lb Sea 5;~vcs ...................... 6-1s
ia ‘dater ........... 6-1b
, .
~v,;rm C-L? ProJrct . P&L?
11 ?~~LIrE!t'py GZOPEYCIC.:L SUI-?Y'Y OF TEST :-5X4 . . . . . . . . 11-l
1i.l; __ ;jP'E?lIC ':fr3Ct'cI1 Su_-:C‘r . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11-2
:-.23’7mT); A __a _ GZ;T_F.L IiFOI !.LTIOI? ................ A-l
Dmzgc 3urre7, !Jike Shot ................. x-2
?~sfd.xA Ccctaaimtion Levels (Ttble A-1; ......... A-6
"Eefore" and "AZer" FMtogrophs of Islend Ckin ..... A-7
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LIST UF TI.LELZS
2 PT.O!XZSS CF 33 IU3Z_-_F, 'EE..C‘YIO~I'
2-_ 1 Preiinimry EeeJts, Pro&mm 2 . . . . . . . . . . . .
3 SCIZiZIFIC ?dOICC5_';l-i3Y
5-l Elaseter-ti3n Ectr frccl Efzgatroriic Cmcres . . . . . .
T-2 Firebsll M+tasre%n?s . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ;-3 Firehall !4:&s~rt~zmx8 (Sl~@ecmt j . . . . . . . . . . 5-L Cmsrioon of Y1el.J b:em3~~renents . . . . . . . . . . . 5-5 Hot-ssot Ccta . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-6 Idode 100 Sweeping Imqe Canera Data . . . . . . . . .
A-l .
Fsi&al Co~tamirtition Lavel~ . . . . . . . . . . . . ii-6
Prelimimry Mike Shot Air Preseure Data .......
Fr~lixinarj; Grtt ,,cceleret?on Data .........
Proj. 5.2 Perfcrmnce Sux-rsry ............
Froj. 5.2 Frsliminury Fil:n .shlpie .........
3kct Ucve ?.rrival ,T'im ut CticiS'I;ere .........
2-3
3-9 3-11 3-14 3-20
6-8 -- 6-9 5'
6-11 t
6-13 6-29
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Copied/DOE
LANL, J-Div.
LIST OF ILWSTFXTIO?;S
Program Pnge
2-1 Scope Trace: 2-2 n 9,
2-3 ” ” 2-4 1, ,, 2-5 ” 11
2 -6 ” ” 2 -7 ” ” 24 ” ” 2-5 ” 1, 2-10 ” (1 2-11 o ,I 2-12 n ,I 2-13 ” 1,
TX-5 Alsha . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-4 TX-5 X~$A . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-5 Spark Plug Gy_c Chennel . . . . . . . . 2 -6 Sprk Plu.3 Cazv! Channel . . . . . . . . 2-7 Gsnma Si:_nel from Cese . . . . . . . . . 2-8 32-r csd Ilautron ?ro;agatlon Charnel . 2-9 Upper Middle ileutron Fro?. L'?~nnel . . . 2-10
S.?ark Plug Witron Channel . . . . . . . 2-11
Lower :tiddle Ileutron Prop. Channel . . . 2-12 Bottom ?nl li+;tron PropagetFon Cht,nnel . 2-13 Tim* Correlation, 411sec Sweep . . . . . 2-14
Tkig Correlssion, 20ueoc to 4,eec Sweep. 2-15
Tenxf . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-16
3 SCIZWIFIC PIIQAXZAPB?
3-l Scheztic Drawlnq, Hot-spot Experiment . . . . . . . . z-i; n Bowen Streek Record . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -
Franc Fictxee . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-17
5 GA&MA-RAY MZASJREMWTS
5.2-l 5.2-2
5.3-l
5.4a-I
Gemma-ray In',ensity vs Time at Bogombo3o (4000 m) . 5-5 Gemma-ray Inteneitjr VE Time at Ruchi (2300 m) . . . 5-6
Dose Rate ve Time for Engebi, Biijiri, Rigili, andFi_it . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-a Print of Radioautograph Showing Fall-out Distribution . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-16
5 BIAST Mz.4ls’3F.smI;Ts
6-1 De&itometer Components . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-z: 6-2 Densitometer Station , . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -
6-3 Dvnsitometer hacord . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-25
2 ~~ ).lLL :_GJ)L__TI 0;; >-J?is;~y~.~;.~S
9-l Plot of Th?r,xl Power Incic?en2 2t SiiJiri 9s f(tj . . i3$
6-2 500-K:: CaliSrst:cn I.ecord . . . . . . . . . . . _ . . z-3 T<ller Li:Jt _ . . . . . . . . _ . . . . . . . . . . . a-7 9-4 5m_f rxw/sec Ssectrocre;?. shov:nz; Tnllezr List
end First :.Li;:imxl . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . a-u.3
CoPfed/oOE LANL, J-Ok.
vi
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LIST OF ILLUST:~~TIONS (COMT'D)
program Page
9 .* ZIX?O:~GI~IC PI33OM3X
y-1 Exaqle of Trace fro3 Slectromgnetic ?kaeure-,~-nt . . . 4-3
:: i
h-l
ii-2
A-:
k-l,
Aerial View fros ?kst of soeon, lo&in3 West Toward Zero--&fore Kke L?kOt :'t.JtO by LA-X; . . . . . . . . A-7
Aerial View fro3 k&t of BoGon,, lmking West Toward Zero--;, fter Mike Sk&t (Fkota by LXLj . . . . . . . . . A-6
Pre-ehot Aerial r';lotspz;h cf I3lund Chain.
(Photo by LCML, PI-cj. 3.7) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A-9 ?oat-shot Aerial r"f;ctogra$ of I~lvnd Chtiin (Th;to by LO%, Proj. 3.7: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A-10
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INTRODUCTION
These report8 are ieeued in order to give an early over-all
picture 6f the recovery and data situation after Mike Shot. Glhat
data are presented here should In general be regarded with a jaundiced
efl* eince moet of it haa been determined by a ve
gatlon of the records.
d be fairly cloee to the final valuee.
only etatemente about recovery can be made, eince It may
take several months to reduce the data.
The reports are given in order of program. Some few project8
h.ave not been able to eubmit reports since their work either depende
upon data collected by some other project, or ie not directly connected
with the immediate effects of the bomb.
Mike Shot was fired at 0714:59.4 + 0.2 8ec local timeAon .._ _._. - -.
pe__ _.. .- --.-*
Elugelab Island of Eniwetok Atoll. : . . *_ ._a . :.,~..4%--..-~~
I 7 b t
i - .
Detail8 of the device and of the ewerimente perf.rmed
:='GA in other ?ublicszlone, ‘mong which should be xentione _,.-c __ .
meeti- notee of the Los Ktamoe Scientific Lt;boratory,
the vsrioua proJecte, and the "Turquoise Book", by
p. &lent ine .
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PAGES /-/x 1-q KRE JUDGED
!RREl_EVANT AND WERE BOT COPIED
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project 1.3 mui? SiAPLI~G ON MIKE SHOT Preliminary Report by H. F. Plank
1. 5xm
1.1 hinber of Samples
'I'velve samples were obtained by the F-&G aircraft, including
the tvo used for early reconnaissance.
1.2 Semple Size
Semples obtained by Red Flight (lx, 2M, 3Mj, as well as one
sample frcm White Flight (TM), were each approximately the size predicted
Find were setiafactoxy for yield determination. Samples 5M end 6~ of
White Plight and gM, lOM, 11!4, and 12X of Blue Flight were approximately
one-third the size of the best four and were eatisfactory for the purpose
of ratio and detector st*Jdies. These samples were from five to ten times
emall?r then they should have been because of unforeseen operational
limitetlons beyond the control of this project (see Par. 3.2). The two
recor=isaance aircraft gave very small sam@e (15M and 16~) which would
be useful for ratio checks.
l.3 Sample I;iualitx
Sample quality is governed by the capability of penetreting
body of the cloud. In general, all samples except 11X, 12M, -
16~, which vere tekcn et radically differen? altitudes or
of the cloud, ere coneidel*ed to be YB reprceentetive of the 1
,-ossible. Excluding the ercegtione, the samples vere taken
at alti-,xdes betveen 42,000 end &4,000 ft, whir3 VW in the region of
the ,_$n:ture betveqn the upper toadstool r;nd ite stem. Bec~se of
fo _rzL'-ion fly& some of the saqles should be almost identical, so
tter -he actual spread in the data may not be a true index of the
rand'c7pes of szz?ling. By comparison, the excepted samples should
affcr', an insiikt into the re?reaentativenees of the others.
2. :>DIXTIOI; 3Z'OSURES
2.1 ?4!g'_xde
Only Zed Flight aircraft approached the planned o&rational
eqcr,33. Failse to attain the ;l-nned eqoeure ;Ln the other flights
ie reflected in -he lover sample sizes vhich they obtained. tied Flight
expcsz3 vere 2 the 3 to 4 roentgen level, White Flight in the 0.5
to 1 _rzentgen lf731, and Blue Flight in the 0.2 to 0.4 roentgen level.
Becsz+ the aircraft were carefully %.nd-polished by the F-E&G per-
SOIlIEl. the cockl;ft background was very much lower than expected. The
total zdiation tqosures.were therefore approximately 40$ lees than
had 5-n anticigsed. In view of the fact that these aircraft saw
radit::zz intensities in excess of 500 r/hr, the low eqosures achieved
by F.s,Z'li&t shruld be considered a testimony to the skill of its pilots.
1.2 Effecriveneas of Shielded Flight Clothing
dee cl the
gave _z;t a four- t0
effect iid not a,ear
shielded fli&t clothing by i?ed FliTat apparently
five-fold reduction in radiation exposures. The
to be significant for hhite Flight, although for
Xxe T --St the& again ap;jeared to be a siaficant protection. The
>rzt=- ----zn afford=l to hed Fliz&t a;jparently corresponds to evidence
t&t 5 --~idere'-~ --_ fraction of tht: radiation flux in the cloud during
Zed _F-.__?-+ _-b r- 7anet ,--_rlons zmy be due to the decay of U235 which gives a
/- 6
: .L
ii:
I
y:-kev gamma rag. This evidence wee gained frown an onal~aie of the
decay rate Of reported peak radiation iztensitiee In the cloud,
3. OPERATIONALPFKJBLEK3
3.1 Altitude Performance of Sampling Aircraft
The bomb burst formed an upper cloud about 100 nilee in
diameter with a stem in the center approximately 30 miles in diameter.
A white vaporous undercloud wee preeent forming a collar around the
stem. It had a diameter about the same as the upper cloud. It was
initially tangent to the upper cloud at the juncture of the stem with
the upper cloud (45,000 3,) but during the course of the day appeared
to eubeide to about 40,000 ft. Several projecting fingers were present
in the neighborhood of the juncture of the stem and upper cloud, and :_
some of the sampling aircraft were direct@ to sample in this region. J_
$
Under theae circumstances the altitude performance of the aircraft
yas eetisfectorjr. The maximum altitude attained by any aircraft was
45,000 ft indicated. When such aircraft exist, it would be desirable
for very high-field devices In the future to have about 5,000 ft
additional ceiling capability in order to smple well into the main
boQ of the cloud.
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CWed/ooE ‘J’NL, J-DIV.
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3.2 Flight Times in Sampling tiea
Succeeeful earnsling require8 that the aircraft have a flight
tb capability long enough to permit radiation expoeure to limit the
&y-ation of the mission. This condition was true only for ,:ad Flight.
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t .:--. _. -.
:.
cloudy weather which exietcd at the time of
sampling. A0 a result, 'he sample control 9-s wee directed to fly
fader from the main cloud mars than it should have bien. Eventually,
the details of the cloud were lost to those in the B-s and the sampling
.: , -_ . :_
aircraft were required to fly excessively long distances to reach the -t
Cloud vicinity. 4
Ths-~ then had to conduct a cloud search es well as a 2' i*, . a
fmpling mission, although the former was to have been the function
of the s-5. Xter sampling, the aircraf t then iccurrad the risk of
rming 'very low on fuel by having to return over a great distance to
the refueling area. In view of
craft in White and Blue Flights
hve the capability of spending
these considerations, the F-&G air-
did not meet the requirement that they
two hours in f&e samnllng area. Cor-
rective measures have been diacuseed with the Commander, TG 132.4.2,
a it is beli eved that thie condition will have been corrected by
* Shot. -
copw/DOE ~NL, J-WV.
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PAGES a-/ 23-c/ WERE JUDGED
IRRELEVANT AND MERE IIOT COPIED
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the positive Humldry eamplee. The quantity of radioactive gasee
collected in the B-31 dev?ce ie unknowz~, 68 radiac reading0 were
obscured by eurface conteminatlon on the B-31 containere. The value
of these eamplee can better be aecertained after preliminary laboratory
analyses. All the above sample8 are now in ZI laboratories and under
proceee.
Project 7.4 - Propagatics of Seismic Waves (J. 2len Cracker)
Current reports frcm Washington, D.C., indicate that six stations
received strong eignala, one station fair, one station queetlonable,
and no report from one s-jition. Another station reported t'n~ eign.al"; % 2,
It is believed that the zegtstlve result from this station was due to 2!_ &;- ir
faulty lnf3trumentation.
It has also been spcrted that some Coast and Gaodetic Survey
seisnic etations have reported positive ei@ale.
Details of the 'me--_itude 0; these signale and their respective
lodations are not curre,, 9-1~ available at t&e headquarters.
Project-7.5 - Tranepotis. 'ion of i-;lrborne Debris (P. W. Allen)
Data were obtained to determine cloud height and movement after
Mike Shot. Decauae of rZe conflictin,- data reflecting the true height
of the Mkecloud, corxl.;3iona will be held in abeyance -until such t'ime
that critical evaluat:cz of all dtite will yield the most probable height
and path of the Mike cloud.
Pro,ject 7.6 - Detectio? zf Fireball Light at Distaces (M. H. Oleson)
no results of thlz program are evailzble at this time. Xeasuresente
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PAGES 8-1 % /l-o? k'ERE JUDGED
!W_EVANT AND HERE NT cof’l~
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!RRELEVANT AND WERE tIOT COPIED
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Table A-l
RESIDUAL CONTAMI&,TION LEVEIS*
Time (Days)
Place M M+l M+2 M+ 3 M+4 M+5 M+6
Runit ;JoO 40 1.OOg 406 3og 3og 20 g . .
BiiJiri 20,000 3,000 1,800 2,000g 800 600 240
Engebi 50,000(n) 19,000 6,000 3,300 WJO 2,&308 1,400
Bokon lo,000(b) -- 10,000 14,OoOg 8,000 4,000 2,500
Ruchi 16,000 8,000 9,000 3,400 4,000 1,400
Bogallua 14,000 7,000 6,000 3,000 4,000g 1,500
u Data taken from R&Safe maps. Number6 indicate intewlty in milliroentgena/Lou at 25 It altitude unleoe otherwiee specified. Intensity on ground wa8 roughly four times air reading. Theoe numbera should be considered with caution since they were taken under very adverse con- ditione and aleo are, in come casea, interpolated. M represent8 the day of Mike Shot.
(4 150 ft' altitude
(h) 500 ft altitude
(cl 1500 ft altitude
R on ground .
. THIS IS A COVER SHEET FOR A CUMENT
. 2 7:.
bUY HAVE ACCESS TO IT.
h.E OR SAFE. WHILE T
hAVE OBTAINED A SI
MENT MUST BE COVERED
IZED PERSON
STORED IN A LOCKED
N AND UNTIL YOU
PT UPON ITS TRANSF
IBILITY TO KEEP IT AND I
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