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MAS & RPG – C. Le Page - P. Bommel1
A companioning experiment of the decision-A companioning experiment of the decision-
making process to making process to ddecentralized planningecentralized planning
Using MAS for Natural Resources Management :A test operation in the valley of the Senegal river,
combining GIS, role playing games and MAS.
MAS & RPG – C. Le Page - P. Bommel2
Simulation and adaptive management : an approachSimulation and adaptive management : an approach
Role games and multi-agent systems : a
common representation to increase knowledge on the behaviour,
to give back the model to the actors and validate it,
to be able to simulate scenarios
Tests : irrigated scheme,
space allocation between farmers and herders,
negotiation between forest manager and herder
MAS & RPG – C. Le Page - P. Bommel4
Context Context : : Land use in SenegalLand use in Senegal
Decentralisation -> Rural Councils have to
manage the resources
Problems of allocation of space : multiple
uses of the same space (agriculture-
grazing)
MAS & RPG – C. Le Page - P. Bommel5
ContextContext : : Land use in SenegalLand use in Senegal
The valley of the Senegal river, deeply modified by hydraulic buildings
disturbed by the dryness's
A strictly hydro-agricultural policy always operating (no complementarity between the various activities).
A theoretically complete but not very effective decentralization (assimilation; transfer of competence; supports for communities)
A confusion of the roles between concerned institutions (technical services, local councils, civil company, NGO)
MAS & RPG – C. Le Page - P. Bommel6
StakesStakes
Provide to the Local Communities the knowledge
and the capacity to act.
Obtain the gratitude and the support by all the
institutional actors of the actions of the Rural
Councils.
Facilitate for the populations, the knowledge, the
follow-up and the control of this management.
Build a reproducible method to introduce a real
transfer of competence for the management of
territory.
MAS & RPG – C. Le Page - P. Bommel7
StepStep: An: An "adapted" technical support "adapted" technical support
Let Local Communities choose internally and
at their rhythm, the rules for the resources
uses and the investment projects.
Do not participate in the strategic choices: let
the local leaders choose.
Give the information and the knowledge
Example: the « SelfCormas » experiment
Two years process (GIS, workshops,etc.)
MAS & RPG – C. Le Page - P. Bommel8
Land-use workshops Land-use workshops
Day 1: Identification and characterization Definition of resources and space,
Criteria of satisfaction for every type of use
Rules, behavior,
A shared spatial representation
Day 2: Role game, problems and scenarios According to discussed elements of the previous day
Identification of the problems and propositions of scenarios
Day 3: Simulations and tests Simulations of the proposed scenarios
Test of new scenarios
MAS & RPG – C. Le Page - P. Bommel10
Agents’ behaviourAgents’ behaviour
Farmer : - raining season crops on - dry season crops near permanent water
Herder: - distance to water < 5km- herd does not cross the crops - better grazing areas = crops residuals and
MAS & RPG – C. Le Page - P. Bommel16
OutputsOutputs: : Facilitate discussions Facilitate discussions
Facilitate discussions on :Ngnith village : new water points or new channels,
access rules to the water
Nboudoum village : necessity of grazing management
(technical expertise), access to a park
Ndiaye village : positive impact of agricultural
diversification
Facilitate discussions in conflict situations
Taboo objects or phenomenon
MAS & RPG – C. Le Page - P. Bommel17
Key lessonsKey lessons
Model as a common representation
(researchers, actors, politicians)
Model as mediator object
KISS
Research on Adaptive (evolving) models
for adaptive management
http://www.commod.org
MAS & RPG – C. Le Page - P. Bommel18
ExperimentsExperiments
Irrigated schemes in Senegal [Barreteau]
Land-use allocation between cropping and breeding in Senegal [d’Aquino],
Negotiations between a shepherd and a forester in a mediterranean forest [Etienne],
Discussions between foresters, shepherds and national park rangers to manage pine encroachment in the Mejan Causse (South of France) [Etienne],
Management of agricultural land in North Vietnam [Boissau]
Local management of phytogenetics resources in Madagascar [Aubert]
MAS & RPG – C. Le Page - P. Bommel19
ComMod : a Companion Modelling ApproachComMod : a Companion Modelling Approach
to tackle issues regarding decision processes, common
property, co-ordination among actors, etc.
An approach, which should be understood as a
scientific posture more than a modelling handbook.
Modelling is merely an intermediary object (Vinck 1999)
facilitating our collective and interdisciplinary thought.
Modelling activities are involved in the development
process, and our preferred way to test and to question
theories.
MAS & RPG – C. Le Page - P. Bommel20
ComMod : a Companion Modelling ApproachComMod : a Companion Modelling Approach
Use of modelling approach in two specific contexts :Standard: the production of knowledge on some complex
systems, (To be voluntarily and directly subjected to refutation)
The importance given to field work leads to expectations
regarding tangible effects:
the support to collective decision-making processes
three kinds of the outputs : the modification of perceptions, of
behaviours, or of actions
Understand
EVALUATE
MODELLING
Knowledgeincrease
Corroboration / refutation