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Machine-time Slide Rules

A comparison of scale systems with calculation examples

by Jrn Ltjens(IM 2006 Greifswald 29-09-2006)

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Jrn Ltjens: Macine-ti!e slide r"les 2

Contents

Some historical aspects

Basic settings at a lathe #"ttin$ !%ti%ns and f%rces in cylindrical t"rnin$

Some German machine-timeslide rules

&e!%nstrati%n wit 'lee and *# +++,.Example of calculation

cutting depth !a"

/e "r%se %f !acine-ti!e slide r"les

ist%rical bac$r%"nd

*rederic /ayl%r

1"esti%ns fr%! te w%rs%

/ayl%rs list %f 3ariables

/e slide r"le de3el%ed by /ayl%r and 4art

*aber #astell 5. +,.-5. +,. "nd +++,.

#%!aris%n %f te scale e7tensi%ns

8estler 26 and 0260

Mantissa Mascinen$r"ndeit (fr%! f%r!er G&)

;yste! 'lee@

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Jrn Ltjens: Macine-ti!e slide r"les #

/e "r%se %f !acine-ti!e slide r"les

A real w%rin$ ti!e

A need %f %wer

A c"ttin$ caacity

A ci 3%l"!e er ti!e

$irst of all for a most efficient and

economical utilisation of the machine tools

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Jrn Ltjens: Macine-ti!e slide r"les %

ist%rical bac$r%"nd

Starting pointInd"strialisati%n d"rin$

te 2nd alf %f te +9t cent"ry

esecially steel r%d"cti%n and fast

de3el%!ent in ci !ain$ !acinet%%ls and r%erties %f !aterialsB

4"t effecti3e and ec%n%!ical

"tilisati%n %f !acine t%%ls and

w%rin$ lannin$ a3e n%t beensreadB

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Jrn Ltjens: Macine-ti!e slide r"les &

*rederic /ayl%r (+.C6 D +9+C)

A e was te first scientist %nsyste!atically ci !ain$ r%cesses"nder f%c"s %f tecnical and

ec%n%!ical c%nditi%nsB

A *r%! +..0 %n is 2C years researc

incl"ded

D ab%"t 50000 t% C0000 e7eri!ents

D 00000 $ steel a3e been c"t andD te t%tal a!%"nt %f c%sts was

esti!ated between E+C0000 t%E200000B

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Jrn Ltjens: Macine-ti!e slide r"les '

1"esti%ns fr%! te w%rs%

A

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Jrn Ltjens: Macine-ti!e slide r"les .

/ayl%rs list %f 3ariables tat affectc"ttin$ seeds

+B ardness and "ality %f te !aterial bein$ w%red witB

2B #e!ical c%!%siti%n and eat treat!ent %f te t%%lB

5B &"rability %f te c"ttin$ ed$e (t%%l !aterial)B

B >ae %r c%nt%"r %f te c"ttin$ ed$e t%$eter wit its clearance and

li an$lesBCB ;bs%l"te det %f c"t %r !etal t% be re!%3ed er assB

6B &et c"t relati3e t% te dia!eter %f te w%rieceB

=B #%%lin$ fl"ids f%r te t%%lB

.B /%%l life (%w l%n$ te t%%l can witstand te i$est c"ttin$ seed)B

9B Hlasticity %f te w%riece and te t%%lB

+0B &ia!eter %f te w%rieceB

++B ress"re %f te ci %r sa3in$ %n te t%%lB

+2B "llin$ %r feedin$ %wer %f te late at 3ari%"s seedsB

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Jrn Ltjens: Macine-ti!e slide r"les /

/e slide r"le de3el%ed by /ayl%r and 4art (+90)

>%"rce: J%"rnal %f te "$tred >%ciety (9) fall 2000 8%B 2 a$e 5

it as 6 slidesK

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Jrn Ltjens: Macine-ti!e slide r"les 0

4asic settin$s at a late

re3%l"ti%ns

feed

c"ttin$ det

t%%l

adj"st!ent

(ca. 1920)

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Jrn Ltjens: Macine-ti!e slide r"les +1

#"ttin$ !%ti%ns and f%rces in cylindrical t"rnin$

feed !%ti%n

c"ttin$ !%ti%n

%ri%ntal !%ti%n

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Jrn Ltjens: Macine-ti!e slide r"les ++

>%!e %f Ger!an !acine-ti!e slide r"les

H4 Mantissa *aber-#astell8estler

'lee;

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Jrn Ltjens: Macine-ti!e slide r"les +2

*aber-#astell !Maschineneit">yste! &rB

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Jrn Ltjens: Macine-ti!e slide r"les +%

*aber-#astell 5.(fr%! +92.)

cutting speed

and feed

rev. or strokes per min.

hours

working diameter or

stroke and feed path

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Jrn Ltjens: Macine-ti!e slide r"les +&

*aber-#astell 5. (Hn$lis 3ersi%nab%"t +950)

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Jrn Ltjens: Macine-ti!e slide r"les +'

+0 years later:*aber-#astell +-.,5.(fr%! +95.)

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Jrn Ltjens: Macine-ti!e slide r"les +.

20 years later:*aber-#astell +-.(fr%! +9C.)

dislace!ent %f %ne decade

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Jrn Ltjens: Macine-ti!e slide r"les +/

*aber-#astell 5. (fr%! +92. -ri$t)

hours

working diameter or stroke and feed path

cutting speed

rev. or strokes per min.

min. per rev. or stroke

feed

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Jrn Ltjens: Macine-ti!e slide r"les +0

+0 years later:*aber-#astell+-.,5.(ri$t)

cutting speed and feed

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Jrn Ltjens: Macine-ti!e slide r"les 21

20 years later:*aber-#astell+-.(fr%! +9C.)

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Jrn Ltjens: Macine-ti!e slide r"les 2+

/w% 8estler slide r"les

8estler !Betrie*srechensta*"Mecanica 0260(fr%! +9CC t% +9=5)

8estler 26 !Betrie*sschie*er"(fr%! +920 t% +950)

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Jrn Ltjens: Macine-ti!e slide r"les 22

8estler 26

/is slide r"le d%esnt a3e any scales f%r !acine %wer and secific c"ttin$f%rce s% tere are any !acine %wer related calc"lati%ns i!%ssibleB

stroke, diameter, feed path,cutting speed, feed

turning, milling,

drilling, grindingplaning, shaping: return stroke

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Jrn Ltjens: Macine-ti!e slide r"les 2#

8estler 0260 Mecanica (Italian 3ersi%n)

cutting resistance turning return stroke planing

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Jrn Ltjens: Macine-ti!e slide r"les 2%

H4 Mantissa ?Mascinen$r"ndeit@ (ar%7B +9=0)

r%bably an "na"t%-ried c%y %f te

*aberD#astell +++,.wit s%!e e7tended

scalesB

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Jrn Ltjens: Macine-ti!e slide r"les 2&

;*< =0+ and I =0+M(approx.1930) (approx. 190)

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Jrn Ltjens: Macine-ti!e slide r"les 2'

;

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Jrn Ltjens: Macine-ti!e slide r"les 2.

/ecncal slide r"le ?>yste! 'lee@ (+960)

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Jrn Ltjens: Macine-ti!e slide r"les 2/

'lee (left and ri$t side II)

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Jrn Ltjens: Macine-ti!e slide r"les 20

'lee (left and ri$t side I)

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Jrn Ltjens: Macine-ti!e slide r"les #1

H7a!le f%r calc"lati%n %f te c"ttin$ det ?a@

Some parameters and their relationships ha,e to*e assumed *efore starting the calculation7namely

feed s N +B2 !!,re3B

!acine %wer is $i3en by ' (N %wer atc"ttin$ ed$e)

>ecific c"ttin$ f%rce+.C $,!!2

ti!e related ci 3%l"!e9=c!5,!in

9ow thecursor is to seton 0.

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Jrn Ltjens: Macine-ti!e slide r"les #&

*# +++,. (settin$ 2)

/e c"rs%r is set %n 9=

/en te slide as t% be !%3edt% te left "ntil c"ttin$ seed20 fits te c"rs%rB

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Jrn Ltjens: Macine-ti!e slide r"les #'

*# +++,. (settin$ 5)

4eca"se %f te j"st !%3ed slide wit te3al"e 20 "nder te c"rs%r n%w te red

mar6ing)%n te slide s%ws te 3al"ef%r ?ci secti%n@ N %4/& mm2%n testat%rB

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Jrn Ltjens: Macine-ti!e slide r"les #.

*# +++,. (settin$ )

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Jrn Ltjens: Macine-ti!e slide r"les #/

And here you see the result of a successful calculationwith a machine-time slide rule:

a ea %f BBB

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J n Ltjens Macine ti!e slide les #0P f & J Ltj ; b (G ) L t t lid l li j l tj d

/an y%" f%r y%"r attenti%nK