Maslow Rogers Egan and Counselling

Two theories and two methods

What is Counselling?Group exercise

• “What is counselling?”

• “How does it differ from some of the other methods used in Social Care?”

British Association of Counselling definition

• “When a person occupying regularly or temporarily the role of counsellor offers and agrees explicitly to give time attention and respect to another person or persons who will temporarily be in the role of client”

Key aspects are that the person

• Explicitly consents to occupy the role of being counselled

• The counsellor explicitly negotiates the role of being the counsellor

• The client voluntarily agrees to or request the counselling – no one can be sent for counselling

• Boundaries of confidentiality are explicitly agreed – these are different boundaries form those that may apply on Social Care in general

• There is a private and confidential setting set aside for the sessions

Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs

Carl Rogers

• He believed that we have two fundamental needs

• 1 For positive regard. He thought each of us needs to be seen positively by others. People may settle for respect or approval. A loving relationship may be more fulfilling but it is not necessary. The absence of positive regard will lead to psychological harm

• 2 Need for Self Actualisation - we are all engaged in processes involving learning developing skills. This desire to make the best of one's abilities and talents is a basic need.

Core conditions for Human Growth

• Genuineness or congruence

• Unconditional Positive Regard

• Empathy

Egan’s Three Stage Skills Model of Helping

• Stage 1: Exploration. This involves the helper/worker in assisting the person to explore areas of concern so that they become clear

• Stage 2: Developing new understanding. In stage 2 the helper's role is to enable the person to see him/herself from new perspectives and to develop deeper understanding.

• Stage 3: Action. In the third stage, the helper's role is to assist the person to translate the goals previously identified into specific action plans

Exercise

• One person act as client, one as worker or therapist, and one observe. Each person identifies something about their life that is a problem and that you would like to change. Make sure you feel OK about talking about this issue with your colleagues.

• Each pair works together for five minutes – the observer times this. The task of the observer is to identify the skills used by the therapist.

Review discussion

• What skills were identified

• Did you tend to use Egan’s model or

• Roger’s Approach

• What are the benefits of the two different kinds of Approaches?

Conclusion

• Looked at two theories – Maslow and Rogers – both covered in Care in Practice

• Worked on Egan’s Three Stages Skill Model – a method

• Looked at the skills of counselling methods – you have a handout about this