MASONRY

Masonry

CONSTRUCTION IN BRICKS OR STONES

(BONDED)

MORTAR(CEMENT +WATER + AGGREGATES)

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Mortar FunctionsMortar Functions

Provides for full bearingProvides for full bearing Seals between masonry unitsSeals between masonry units Adheres / bonds masonry unitsAdheres / bonds masonry units AestheticsAesthetics

OBJECTIVES Basic info about nature of masonry Basic info about nature of masonry Glimpse on the types of masonry Glimpse on the types of masonry Advantages and disadvantages Advantages and disadvantages Broader perspective of masonryBroader perspective of masonry

Use of masonry in various places

Foundation WallsFoundation Walls Structural Support WallsStructural Support Walls Backup Walls for Exterior FacingBackup Walls for Exterior Facing Facing Materials Facing Materials Decorative WallsDecorative Walls

TYPES

MASONRY

BRICK MASONRY

STONE MASONRY

BRICK MASONRYSystematic arrangement of bricks and bonding them together with cement mortar.

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Brick Masonry - UniquenessBrick Masonry - Uniqueness

Fire ResistanceFire Resistance

SizeSize

DurabilityDurability

Important terminologies JOINTS - a. head joints, b. bed joints. HEADER - A brick laid with its width parallel

to the face of the wall.

STRETCHER - Brick laid with its length parallel to the face of the wall.

COURSE - Horizontal layer of masonry.

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BedJoint

HeadJoint

Course (layer)- horizontal layer of brick

Brick

Mortar

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Basic Brickwork TerminologyBasic Brickwork Terminology

Header - Bonds two wythes together Wythe: vertical layer 1 unit thick

Soldier - Laid on its end, face parallel

Rowlock - laid on face, end visible

Stretcher - long dimension horizontal & face parallel to the wall

Classifications of brick masonry1.Header bond 2.Stretcher bond3.English bond4.Flemish bond

Header bond All the courses have facing of headers.

Bricks are laid with their lengths perpendicular to the face of the wall.

Stretcher bondAll the courses have facing of stretchers.

The bricks are laid with their lengths parallel to the face of the wall. This is also known as running bond

English bond It consists of alternate courses of

headers and stretchers.

Flemish bondHeaders and stretchers are laid

alternatively in each course. Every alternate course starts with a header at the corner. Every header is supported centrally over the stretcher below it.

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Cavity (Veneer) WallsCavity (Veneer) Walls– Running bondRunning bond– Stacked bondStacked bond

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Masonry JointsMasonry Joints

SizeSize

Joint ToolingJoint Tooling

Joint ProfilesJoint Profiles

Concave

Flush

Racked

Concave

Struck

Weathered

Vee

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Extruded – Wire Cut Extruded – Smooth

Wood MoldExtruded – Raked

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4.CLOSER-IT IS A PIECE OF BRICKWORK USED TO CLOSE UP THE BOND AT THE END OF BRICK COURSE.

STONE MASONRYStone masonry is the construction carried out

using stones with mortar. Types of stones used in stone masonry:

1. Dense stones (granite & quartzite).2. Fire-resistant stones (sandstones).3. Soft stones for carving (limestone, marble &

slates)

Carnegie Mellon • Department of Architecture • Materials & Assembly

Quarrying Techniques for Stone

1.RANDOM RUBBLE MASONRYA.Un-coursed random rubble masonryB. Coursed random rubble masonry

2. SQUARE RUBBLE MASONRYA. Un-coursed square rubble masonry.B. Coursed square rubble masonry.

3.POLYGONAL RUBBLE MASONRY4.ASHLAR MASONRY

Classification of stone masonry:

RUBBLE MASONRY wall is made up of stones of irregular sizes

and shapes.

The stones from the quarry are broken into small pieces. These are directly used in construction work.

UN-COURSED COURSED

ii.SQUARE RUBBLE MASONRY In this type the stones are roughly squared

with straight edges and sides with hammer blows. types of square rubble masonry:

1. Un-coursed square rubble masonry.2. Coursed square rubble masonry.

POLYGONAL RUBBLE MASONRY

In this the stones are hammer finished on the face of the wall to an irregular polygonal shape.

ASHLAR MASONRYIn Ashlar masonry, no irregular stones

are used. The entire construction is done using square or rectangular dressed stone blocks. The beds, sides and faces of the stones are all dressed finely with chisel.

Types of Ashlar masonry:1. ASHALAR FINE MASONRY – Each stone is

cut to uniform size and shape thus gives a smooth appearance.

2. ASHLAR ROUGH TOOLED MASONRY- The stones are finely chiseled but the exposed face is dressed by rough tooling.

3. ASHLAR QUARRY FACED MASONRY.

5.ASHLAR FACING MASONRY.6.ASHLAR BLOCK-IN-COURSE MASONRY.

4. ASHLAR CHAMFERED MASONRY

ASHLAR CHAMFERED

Composite wall masonryMultiwythe masonry wall acting with

composite action.

Composite wall masonry

Reinforced Brick Masonry A construction system where steel

reinforcement is embedded in the mortar joints of masonry or placed in holes and after filled with concrete or grout is called Reinforced masonry.

CLASSIFICATION Reinforced hollow unit masonry Reinforced grouted cavity masonry Reinforced pocket type walls

Reinforced grouted cavity masonry

Reinforced pocket type walls

CMU Structural Walls on a Low Rise Building