Mass and Balance Exam 1, 30 questions, 60 minutes 1. The Disposable Load is the: (a) mass of passengers and baggage, plus items of load including fuel and other consumable fluids. (b) mass of crew and their baggage, plus removable units and other equipment (c) the Dry Operating Mass less payload and fuel. (d) mass of fuel and other consumable fluids. 2. A large passenger aircraft takes off but has to make an immediate landing following an engine failure. This may cause: (a) a higher than normal threshold speed and undercarriage damage (b) a lower than normal threshold speed and risk of stalling (c) a higher than normal threshold speed but no risk of structural damage (d) a lower than normal threshold speed and risk of undercarriage damage 3. An aircraft with nose and mainwheels is stationary on the ground. The total mass of the aircraft can be considered to be equal to a single pinpoint mass acting through the position of: (a) the centre of pressure (b) the centre of gravity (c) the main undercarriage (d) the nose wheel 4. An aircraft is weighed before coming into service. Once operational items are added who is responsible for re-establishing the position of the centre of gravity and the Basic Empty Mass? (a) the pilot (b) the operator (c) the aircraft manufacturer (d) the parts supplier 5. An aircraft has a mass of 12,499 lbs. The equivalent mass in kilograms is: (a) 27,500 kg (b) 5,700 kg (c) 24,200 kg (d) 5,900 kg Bristol Groundschool Mass & Balance Exam 1
Transcript
Mass and Balance Exam 1, 30 questions, 60 minutes 1. The Disposable Load is the:
(a) mass of passengers and baggage, plus items of load including fuel and other consumable fluids.
(b) mass of crew and their baggage, plus removable units and other equipment
(c) the Dry Operating Mass less payload and fuel. (d) mass of fuel and other consumable fluids.
2. A large passenger aircraft takes off but has to make an immediate
landing following an engine failure. This may cause:
(a) a higher than normal threshold speed and undercarriage damage
(b) a lower than normal threshold speed and risk of stalling (c) a higher than normal threshold speed but no risk of structural
damage (d) a lower than normal threshold speed and risk of undercarriage
damage 3. An aircraft with nose and mainwheels is stationary on the ground. The
total mass of the aircraft can be considered to be equal to a single pinpoint mass acting through the position of:
(a) the centre of pressure (b) the centre of gravity (c) the main undercarriage (d) the nose wheel
4. An aircraft is weighed before coming into service. Once operational
items are added who is responsible for re-establishing the position of the centre of gravity and the Basic Empty Mass?
(a) the pilot (b) the operator (c) the aircraft manufacturer (d) the parts supplier
5. An aircraft has a mass of 12,499 lbs. The equivalent mass in kilograms
is:
(a) 27,500 kg (b) 5,700 kg (c) 24,200 kg (d) 5,900 kg
Bristol Groundschool Mass & Balance Exam 1
6. An aircraft fuel tank can hold a maximum volume equivalent to 2300kg of fuel at 0.80SG. The tank is loaded with fuel at 0.78SG, the volume of fuel that can be loaded is:
7. Given a floor load limit of 5000 N/m2 what is the maximum mass
permissable for a box with floor area 0.4m x 0.4m under 1G conditions?
(a) 80 kg (b) 81.6 kg (c) 78.4 kg (d) 800 kg
8. Refer to the data for the single engine piston/propeller aeroplane in
Section II of the loading manual to answer this question.
The aircraft datum for centre of gravity calculation is at the (a) mean aerodynamic chord leading edge (b) mean aerodynamic chord trailing edge (c) nose (d) tail
9. Which axis is the C of G normally referenced to?
(a) longitudinal (b) lateral (c) vertical
10. Which of the following statements is correct?
(i) The Dry Operating Mass is the Zero Fuel Mass minus the Traffic Load
(ii) The Dry Operating Mass is the Zero Fuel Mass plus the Variable Load
(iii) The Zero Fuel Mass is the Dry Operating Mass minus the Traffic Load
(iv) The Zero Fuel Mass is the Dry Operating Mass plus the Variable Load
(v) The Basic Empty Mass is the Zero Fuel Mass plus the Variable Load
(vi) The Traffic Load is the Zero Fuel Mass minus the Dry Operating Mass
(a) (i) (ii) and (vi) (b) (i) (iii) (iv) and (v) (c) (ii) (v) and (vi) (d) (i) and (vi)
Bristol Groundschool Mass & Balance Exam 1
11. The most important factor governing C of G limits is
(a) keeping stall speeds low (b) keeping landing speeds low (c) minimising drag and increasing efficiency (d) the limits of elevator and horizontal stabiliser deflection
12. An aircraft has a Mean Aerodynamic Chord (MAC) of 180cm and the
centre of gravity once the aircraft is loaded is calculated to be at 25%MAC. In order to move the centre of gravity position to 40%MAC the load must be redistributed so that the position of the centre of gravity moves
(a) forward 15 cm (b) aft 15 cm (c) aft 27 cm (d) forward 27 cm
13. An aircraft has a Dry Operating Mass of 37,400kg. The Performance
Limited Take-Off Mass is 67,400kg and the Performance Limited Landing Mass 52,800kg. The Certificate of Airworthiness Maximum Structural Take-Off Mass is 66,000kg, the Maximum Structural Landing Mass is 54,000kg and the Maximum Zero Fuel Mass is 52,000kg. The fuel load before taxy is 16,000kg. Allowing 500kg for start, taxy and take-off and 12,400kg for trip fuel the maximum allowed traffic load is:
(a) 12300 kg (b) 13500 kg (c) 14600 kg (d) 13100 kg
14. An aircraft has two baggage holds. The forward hold has a moment
arm of 180” aft of the datum and the aft hold has a moment arm 460” aft of the datum. The aircraft mass when loaded is 22600 kg and the centre of gravity is at 375” aft of the datum. How much mass must be moved from the forward hold to the aft hold to move the centre of gravity position to 385” aft of the datum?
(a) 675 kg (b) 723 kg (c) 1010 kg (d) 807 kg
Bristol Groundschool Mass & Balance Exam 1
15. Use the data for the single engine piston/propeller aircraft in Section II of the loading manual to answer this question.
Complete the manifest below using the following information and determine the centre of gravity positions for take-off and landing.
Front seat occupants 380 lb Third & fourth seat pax 170 lb Baggage zone B 60 lb Baggage zone C 120 lb Fuel loading at start 50 USG Trip fuel take-off to touchdown 40 USG
ITEM MASS ARM (IN)
MOMENT X 100
1. BASIC EMPTY CONDITION 2415 1876.46
2. FRONT SEAT OCCUPANTS 380 79 300.20
3. THIRD & FOURTH SEAT PAX 170 117 198.90
4. BAGGAGE ZONE “A” nil 108 nil
5. FIFTH & SIXTH SEAT PAX nil 152 nil
6. BAGGAGE ZONE “B” 60 150 90.00
7. BAGGAGE ZONE “C” 120 180 216.00
SUB-TOTAL = ZERO FUEL MASS
8. FUEL LOADING 300 225.00
SUB-TOTAL = RAMP MASS
9. SUBTRACT FUEL FOR START, TAXI & RUN UP. (SEE NOTE)
SUB-TOTAL = TAKE OFF MASS
10. TRIP FUEL
SUB-TOTAL = LANDING MASS
Bristol Groundschool Mass & Balance Exam 1
Which positions in the chart below correctly indicate the position of the aircraft centre of gravity and mass for take-off and landing respectively?
3800
3600
3500
3400
3300
3200
3650
3100
3000
2900
2800
2600
2500
2400
2300
2200
2100
2700
3700
2800
320031003000
2600
2900
2500
2300
2700
2200
2000
2400
1800
2100
1700
1600
1500
1900
72 74 76 78 8270 8680 9084 88
87.7
CENTRE OF GRAVITY - INCHES AFT OF DATUM
WEI
GH
T - P
OU
ND
S
MO
ME
NT/
100
AB C
DE F
(a) A and D (b) A and E (c) B and E (d) C and F
16. The fleet mass is
(a) the average Dry Operating Mass of a fleet of aeroplanes obtained by weighing all the aircraft
(b) the average Dry Operating Mass of a fleet of aeroplanes obtained by weighing some of the aircraft
(c) the average Dry Operating Mass of a fleet of aeroplanes which varies by no more than 0.5% of the Dry Operating Mass
(d) the average Dry Operating Mass of a fleet of aeroplanes as stated by the manufacturer
Bristol Groundschool Mass & Balance Exam 1
17. An aircraft not included in a fleet mass system must be weighed
(i) when transferred from one JAA operator to another (ii) every 4 years (iii) every nine years (iv) when there is reason to suspect that modifications have been
carried out and the effect on mass and balance has not been accounted for
(v) when the cumulative effects cause the centre of gravity position to deviate more than 0.5%MAC from the mean
(a) (i) and (ii) (b) (ii) (iv) and (v) (c) (i) (iii) (iv) and (v) (d) (ii) and (iv)
18. The centre of gravity position:
(a) cannot move laterally. (b) will not move if passengers move. (c) will not move if correct fuel management is observed. (d) will move within certain limits as fuel is burnt off providing
correct fuel management is observed. 19. The weighing of an aircraft is the responsibility of the:
20. An aircraft has a Ramp Mass of 286,000kg and a centre of gravity
position 980” aft of the datum, the Maximum Taxy Mass is 323,000kg. As much freight as possible is to be added to the rear hold which has a moment of 1078” without moving the centre of gravity beyond the aft limt of 982” or exceeding the Maximum Taxy Mass. The greatest amount of freight that can be loaded is:
(a) 6420 kg (b) 6210 kg (c) 5320 kg (d) 5950 kg
Bristol Groundschool Mass & Balance Exam 1
21. When equipment is added or removed from a transport aircraft the equipment position is often described in terms of its body station. In this context a body station is:
(a) a distance from the balance arm datum expressed in inches or
centimetres (b) a position defined by a longitudinal reference system originating
at the design stage (c) the distance from the nose of the aircraft in inches or
centimetres (d) the distance from the leading edge of the front spar
22. The Take-Off Mass of an aircraft is 3620 kg, the Landing Mass is
3280 kg and the Basic Empty Mass is 1875 kg. The fuel load on take-off is 380 kg and the traffic load is 1150 kg. The Dry Operating Mass is:
(a) 3025 kg (b) 1660 kg (c) 2130 kg (d) 2090 kg
23. Maximum Taxi Mass:
(a) is the same as the Maximum Take Off Mass. (b) depends on the oleo pressures and extensions. (c) provides for a reserve of fuel to enable the aircraft to start, taxi
into position ready for take-off and be at it's Maximum Structural Take-Off Mass at the commencement of the take-off run.
(d) is governed by the airport authorities according to ambient temperature in order to protect the tarmac from the load on the wheels.
24. Use the data for the medium range twin jet in Section IV of the loading
manual to answer this question.
Refer to figure 4.3 on page 21. The specimen aircraft has a Take-Off Mass of 60,000kg. After take-off the flaps are retracted from 15º to 0º. The centre of gravity moves
25. Which of the following statements are true for an overloaded aircraft?
(i) take-off distance required is increased (ii) climb gradient is increased because the aircraft is slower (iii) rate of climb is decreased (iv) take-off safety speeds are increased (v) range is increased (vi) endurance is decreased (vii) engine-out performance is decreased (viii) VMCA is increased (ix) landing distance is decreased
27. Given the following information: Basic Empty Mass 30,400 kg Dry Operating Mass 32,500 kg Zero Fuel Mass 40,800 kg Traffic load 8,300 kg Fuel 12,200 kg
The All Up Mass is:
(a) 50,900 kg (b) 53,000 kg (c) 44,700 kg (d) 61,300 kg
28. Use the data for SEP1 in Section II of the loading manual to answer
this question.
The Basic Empty Mass of this aircraft is:
(a) 2415 lb (b) 3650 lb (c) 2543 lb (d) 2602 lb
Bristol Groundschool Mass & Balance Exam 1
29. The aircraft shown below has two body gear bogies, two wing mounted bogies and a nose gear.
The mass recorded on the bogies and their moment arms in a routine weighing is as follows: Nose gear 22,000 kg 305” aft Left main gear 37,600 kg 1245” aft
Left body gear 32,400 kg 1378” aft Right body gear 32,500 kg 1378” aft Right main gear 37,700 kg 1245” aft The centre of gravity position is:
