Mass Customization of eLearning Standards: Oxymoron or Secret to Meeting European and Global Needs &...

Mass Customizationof eLearning Standards:

Oxymoron or Secret to

Meeting European and Global Needs & Diversities?

February 16, 2004

SRI – Learning on Demand 2004ETH (Swiss Federal Institute of Technology

Zurich, Switzerland

Wayne Hodgins

Wayne Hodgins

Strategic FuturistDirectorWorldwide Learning StrategiesAutodesk Inc.

President & Co-FounderLearnativity.org

Chair,IEEE Learning Technology Standards CommitteeLearning Object Metadata

Past PresidentStrategic AdvisorComputer EducationManagers Association

February 16, [email protected]

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Usage Agreement

1. They are correctly attributed and the user sends Wayne Hodgins ([email protected]) email describing where and how they are to be used.

2. If any modifications or corrections or additions are made to these slides, the user agrees to send these changes to Wayne Hodgins with full permission to use them.

It is hoped that these slides are of value and benefit to many others. As such, they may be downloaded and used under the following conditions:


Future Vision StatementREADINESS

to

RESPOND to the

UNEXPECTED!!(in unique ways)


Into the Future with StandardsStandards??!! Surely you are joking Mr. Hodgins!

The next BIG thing is getting really SMALL


Standards Adoption at Tipping Points

Inflection “tipping”

point

0Invention Adoption

Pioneers

Everyone

EXAMPLES:•Railroads•Manufacturing•Telecom•Video•Net/Web

•Learning?


Getting SMALL Part I The VisionmeLearning!– Markets of one: Billions of Markets

Personalized Learning Experiences for every person every day– all 6.2 billion of us -- every day!!

Just for me and just right:– Time, place, amount, device, medium, way… – On demand, adaptive

Learning in ALL forms:– Formal AND informal– not just online, on computer, on screen


The next BIG thing is getting really SMALL

• VERY small standard components• Dynamically assembled into “just the right” solutions

“standardized uniqueness”

Applies to:– Software Code– Equipment (Manufacturing overall)– Content– Human Competencies (eg. Testing & certification)

Getting SMALL Part II Small Components


Principle

Fact

Process

Overview

ProcedureText

Audio

Summary

ConceptPrinciple

Process

Concept

Procedure

FactOverview

Summary

Objective

“Raw” Data & Media

Elements

InformationObjects

ApplicationObjects

(Learning Object, Support, Reference,

Marketing)

AggregateAssemblies

(Lessons, Support

Solutions, etc)

Collections(Courses, Stories,)

Animation

Simulation

illustration Objective Theme

EnablingObjective

TerminalObjective

Common Content Application Specific Profiles

Content Object Model

©2001 Learnativity


Principle

Fact

Process

Overview

ProcedureText

Audio

Summary

ConceptPrinciple

Process

Concept

Procedure

FactOverview

Summary

Objective

“Raw” Data & Media

Elements

InformationObjects

ApplicationObjects

(Learning Object, Support, Reference,

Marketing)

AggregateAssemblies

(Lessons, Support

Solutions, etc)

Collections(Courses, Stories,)

Animation

Simulation

illustration Objective Theme

EnablingObjective

TerminalObjective

Common Content Application Specific Profiles

Content Object Model

©2001 Learnativity

CONTEXT

CONTEXT

ReUSABILITYReUSABILITY


Each standard is small itself

Each standard consists of small elements

Getting SMALL Part III Small Standards

Think LEGO ™ blocks!


SCORM Bookshelf (2001)

CoursePackagingFromIMS

MetadataDictionaryFrom IEEE

MetadataXML BindingBest PracticeFrom IMS

Content toRTS APIFrom AICC

Content toRTS Data ModelFrom AICC

RUN-TIMEENVIRONMENT

SequencingFrom IMS

SCORM Bookshelf (2004+)

Slide courtesy CMU LSALwww.lsal.cmu.edu


Shifts in Standards 2004Focus on implementation

– Adoption & adaptation– Less on new specs and standards– Limiting “tweaking”

SCORM v1.3– Especially addition of Sequencing

Implementations “at scale”


Examples of getting smallAmazon “Inside the Book”

TiVo

NetFlix


Strategies for SuccessStandards

iMOTO

Decision Support– Recommender systems


Getting Started with Standards:Start with SCORM v1.3 add additional sources to meet specific needs– This too is the norm for standards evolution and

development

Check out the references from others– S3 industry Report @ www.masie.com/standards– Carnegie Mellon LSAL @

• www.LSAL.cmu.edu– ADL site @

• www.ADLNET.org– Learnativity @ www.LEARNATIVITY.org


Bottom Line QuestionsDo you want e-learning standards?

What standards do you need?

What is your e-learning problem?

Will standards solve your problem?

Are you ready for standards?

How do you ask for them?

How do you know if you get them?

What will you do if you get them? Slide courtesy CMU LSALwww.lsal.cmu.edu

BackTo

Top


Related Standards to WatchXML– xml schema, xhtml, smil, svg,

xpath, xmlquery, …

Single Sign On (SSO)Metadata, Library– DCMI, METS, Z39-50

Content– MPEG7, MPEG 21

Rights Management– xDRL

Directory– LDAP

Web Services– SOAP/XMLP, WSDL, UDDI,

WSI, WSCL, …

Security– SAML, XACL, PKI,

xmlsignature, SSL, xmlencryption

Accessibility– WAI, 508

Collaboration

RDF

RSS

BackTo

Top


“iMOTO” for allidentifiers

• Globally unique, independent, persistent identifiers for every “thing”

Metadata• Subjective & Objective data about people, places & things

Objects• Smallest unit of text, image, sound, video or data that is both useful and self-

contained• Conceptually includes people’s skills, competencies & knowledge

Taxonomies• General principles of classifications

Ontologies• Relationships between items classified in taxonomy

With thanks to David Moschella,

“Customer Driven IT”

For validation & references

Relevant IEEE StandardsLearning Technology Standards Committee

http://ltsc.ieee.org


IEEE LTSC (P1484) Working/Study Groups

1484.1 Architecture and Reference ModelP1484.4 Digital Rights Expression LanguageP1484.11 Computer Managed Instruction

• P1411.2 ECMAScript API for Content to Runtime Services Communication. 1484.12 Metadata

– P1484.12.3 XML binding ** Currently in Ballot– P1484.12.4 RDF binding

P1484.18 Platform and Media ProfilesP1484.20 Competency Definitions

Study group for– MASTAL (Modeling and Simulation in Training and Learning)

See http://ltsc.ieee.org for documents, meeting notes, etc.

=completed Standard


Standards Trends1st Generation: already delivered– Focus on data exchange and data interoperability

2nd Generation: being developed– Focus on behavioral specifications

• How it should work• Not just a data model

– Focus on interoperable components (services)

CURRENT Shift to IMPLEMENTATION!– Focus on SCORM v1.3– Assisting with the implementation of current specs.

BackTo

Top


Standards for Content(and “Quality of Learning”)

THERE ARE NONE!!!!

And this is a GOOD thing (no standards for this)

This is the NORM for standards!– ie: standards such as HTTP, HTML, etc. do NOT dictate

the content created with these, NOR ensure that it is “good” content!

HOWEVER, means YOU have to put in place guidelines, process, practice and behaviors to ensure the QUALITY of content.

BackTo

Top


SCORM v1.3 now available!

Questions, Critiques, Comments Or to book Speaking engagements

[email protected]

ThankYou!!

More information and resources at:

www.Learnativity.org

LearnativityReferences & Resources

2003Wayne Hodgins


Collective Commons License

This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution:

– NonCommercial-ShareAlike License.

To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/1.0 or send a letter to Creative Commons, 559 Nathan Abbott Way, Stanford, California 94305, USA.


Learning Objects Revisited:A research agenda by Wayne Hodgins & Erik Duval

advanced & innovative interpretations of the basic concepts underlying the learning object (LO) paradigm.

recommends new research cycle for:1. a taxonomy of LOs and their components;

2. component architecture for structuring composite LOs, and enabling their components to interact;

3. processes of aggregation and disassembly to produce new or repurpose existing LOs;

4. determinants for the efficiency and effectiveness of LO repurposing

5. enable large scale share and reuse of multimedia content components

6. special emphasis on deployment in education and training.http://www.cs.kuleuven.ac.be/%7Eerikd/PRES/2003/www2003/www2003-paper.pdf


"Innovation, Learning & Improvement: eLearning will be as big as it can get small”

Recent article (Sept. 2003) for European Union Public Service Review journal

"Innovation, Learning & Improvement: eLearning will be as big as it can get small”, by Wayne Hodgins

http://www.publicservice.co.uk/europe/Autumn2003/wayneh.pdf

http://www.publicservice.co.uk/europe/Autumn2003/eu_autumn2003_contents.asp


Future of Learning Objects

Most recent version of “Future of Learning Objects” paper by Wayne Hodgins

contains, amongst other things, a working model of a content taxonomy which defines Learning Objects.

http://www.coe.gatech.edu/eTEE/pdfs/Hodgins.pdf


S3: Making Sense of Standards & Specifications

Industry Report: – “Making Sense of Standards and Specifications”– Masie Center eLearning Consortium– Job aid designed for “decision makers”– “just enough” and true “information” (informative)– Public domain document

Full PDF file available at: http://www.masie.com/standards/

ALL NEW & IMPROVED VERSION 2

as of November 20, 2003!!


Metadata PrinciplesExtension of MoU between Dublin Core and IEEE LTSC Learning Object Metadata

In collobaration with GEM, ARIADNE, IMS, EdNA

Principles• concepts common to all domains of metadata for the design of

any metadata schema or application.

Practicalities • rules of thumb, constraints, and infrastructure issues • bringing theory into practice via useful & sustainable systems.

Available at D-Lib magazine: http://www.dlib.org/dlib/april02/weibel/04weibel.html


Instructional Designer’s GuideHow to use SCORM– What content objects are– What the content structure is– How to express sequencing– How to express navigation– What data is available– How to track the learner

Available @ http://www.lsal.cmu.edu/

Thanks to Dan Rehak

LSAL, Carnegie Mellon


ADL Resources:All available via www.ADLNET.org

– See especially the “Resource Center” tab where you can search by ADL Co-Lab, Plug Fests, etc.

See resources from Plug Fest events for enormous amounts of content including slides, video, summaries of presentations, and MUCH more.

See Academic Co-Lab resource section and their site @ http://www.elearnopedia.com/

See guidelines such as “The SCORM Implementation Guide: A Step by Step Approach “


CanCore:Canadian Core Learning Resource Metadata Application Profile

http://www.cancore.ca/documents.html

Guidelines 1.9written by Norm Friesen, Sue Fisher, Lori Tozer, Anthony Roberts, Susan Hesemeier, Scott Habkirkguidelines updated to reflect consultations with implementers undertaken between January and June, 2003.These guidelines are synchronized with the IEEE LOM standard, and include best practice recommendations for all LOM elements. They are also available online in a dynamic, searchable version that can be customized to meet the needs of different application profiles and implementations. A beta edition of this Web version is currently under development.These guidelines are also available in as PDF files


Additional Learning Object Resources

Learning Objects Tutorial, by Robbie Robson, Eduworkshttp://www.eduworks.com/LOTT/tutorial/index.html

A Primer on Learning Objects, by Warren Longmire, Learning Circuitshttp://www.learningcircuits.org/mar2000/primer.html

Learning Object Pioneers, by Tom Barron, Learning Circuitshttp://www.learningcircuits.org/mar2000/barron.html

Objects of Interest, by Clive Shepherd, Fastrack Consulting, Ltd.http://www.fastrak-consulting.co.uk/tactix/features/objects/objects.htm

The Objects of Learning, Academic ADL Co-Labhttp://adlcolab.uwsa.edu/lo/index.htm

The Instructional Use of Learning Objects (online version), by David Wileyhttp://reusability.org/read/

The Future of Learning Objects, by Wayne Hodginshttp://www.coe.gatech.edu/eTEE/pdfs/Hodgins.pdf

"Innovation, Learning & Improvement: eLearning will be as big as it can get small, by Wayne Hodginshttp://www.publicservice.co.uk/europe/Autumn2003/wayneh.pdf

Learning Objects Revisited: A Research Agenda, by Erik Duval and Wayne Hodginshttp://www.cs.kuleuven.ac.be/%7Eerikd/PRES/2003/www2003/www2003-paper.pdf

"Innovation, Learning & Improvement: eLearning will be as big as it can get small. By Wayne Hodginshttp://www.publicservice.co.uk/europe/Autumn2003/eu_autumn2003_contents.asp

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