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Master Plan Recommendations:Historical and Cultural Resources 5

Chapter 5 MASTER PLAN RECOMMENDATIONS: Historical And Cultural Resources

5.0 Cultural and Historic ResourcesThe Chain of Lakes is part of the Grand Rounds, which has been determined eligible for listing in the National Register of Historic Places as a historic district. Resources in the Grand Rounds were inventoried and evaluated between 2008 and 2010 and included in a draft National Register nomination. At that time, the period of significance was determined to be 1887–1942. This timeframe is currently being reevaluated to include modifications made to update and unify the system in the 1970s. Between 1973 and 1978, the Grand Rounds received its first comprehensive update following the plans of landscape architecture firm Eckbo, Dean, Williams and Austin, as well as the recommendations of the local Citizens Parkway Committee. An inventory of buildings, structures, objects and sites (see page 65) and as well as consultant recommendations related to the nomination are included in a report in the Appendix for this document, “Lake Calhoun and Lake Harriet: Historical Overview and Cultural Landscape Recommendations Within the Context of the Grand Rounds”, December, 2015 (Hess, Roise and Company).

By law, any projects receiving federal funds are required to apply for a Section 106 review and approval. Section 106 requires federal agencies to consider the effect of projects on historic properties. Section 106 encourages but does not mandate preservation; rather it requires exploration of methods to avoid or reduce harm to historic properties and determines whether a project has an adverse effect on a property or district. Section 106 Reviews are implemented locally through the Minnesota Historic Preservation Office (the MnHPO).

Any projects affecting properties that are actually listed in the National Register and/or the State Register that receive state funds may also be subject to requirements of Minnesota Statute Chapter 138. Any projects affecting properties that are identified as local landmarks or within a locally designated historic district may also be subject to review and approval by the Minneapolis Heritage Preservation Commission (HPC).

Pond Brothers map circa 1830’s. Gale Library, Minnesota Historical Society

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PropertiesareidentifiedascontributingornotcontributingtotheGrandRoundsHistoricDistrict.Non-contributingresourceswereconstructedaftertheperiodofsignificance,whichendsin1978.SomepropertiesarealsoindividuallylistedintheNationalRegister;theseareindicatedbythenotationNRHP.

Lake Calhoun and Lake Harriet Master Plan Report—December 2015—Page 3

Properties are identified as contributing or not contributing to the Grand Rounds Historic District. Non-contributing resources were constructed after the period of significance, which ends in 1978. Some properties are also individually listed in the National Register; these are indicated by the notation NRHP. Inventoried Properties at Lake Calhoun Type of Property Name of Property Status Site Lake Calhoun Contributing Structure Lake Calhoun-Lake of the Isles Channel Contributing Structure Lake Calhoun Parkway Contributing Object Pond Brothers Boulder Contributing Object Dakota Boulder Contributing Object Naval Memorial Tablet Contributing Site Swimming Beaches (3) Contributing Object Marine Corps Tablet Contributing Structure Railroad Bridge over East Calhoun Parkway Contributing Building Lake Calhoun Park Pavilion Contributing Object World War I Memorial Mast Contributing Structure Park Board Bridge No. 1 Contributing Structure WPA Shoreline Walls Contributing Inventoried Properties at William Berry Park Type of Property Name of Property Status Site William Berry Park Contributing Object William Berry Boulder Contributing Structure William Berry Parkway Contributing Structure Linden Hills Boulevard Contributing Structure Interlachen Bridge Contributing (NRHP) Inventoried Properties at Lake Harriet Type of Property Name of Property Status Site Picnic Grounds Contributing Site Lake Harriet Contributing Structure Beard’s Plaisance Pavilion Contributing Object Lake Harriet Mission School Boulder Contributing Structure Lake Harriet Parkway Contributing Site Beaches (2) Contributing Structure Lake Harriet Band Shell Non-contributing

Building Band Shell Refectory, Lake Harriet Yacht Club, and Boat Rental Kiosk

Non-contributing

Structure Picnic Pavilion at Band Shell Non-contributing Building Linden Hills Depot Non-contributing Building Restroom Buildings (2) Contributing Structure WPA Shoreline Walls Contributing

Lake Calhoun and Lake Harriet Master Plan Report—December 2015—Page 4

Site Beard’s Plaisance and Picnic Grounds Contributing Structure Queen Avenue Bridge Contributing (NRHP) Structure Como-Harriet Streetcar Line and Trolley Contributing (NRHP) Inventoried Properties at Lyndale Park Type of Property Name of Property Status Site Roberts Bird Sanctuary Contributing Object Heffelfinger Fountain Contributing Object Phelps Fountain Contributing Site Lyndale Park Contributing Site Peace Garden Non-contributing Site Municipal Rose Garden Contributing Site Perennial and Annual Garden Contributing Site Lyndale Park Trial Garden/Perennial Border Contributing

Each of these resources is a physical piece of evidence that reveals the values of the park board during its long history. Understanding the historical context underlying these resources can help assess their significance and inform decisions about their future.

EachoftheseresourcesisaphysicalpieceofevidencethatrevealsthevaluesoftheParkBoardduringitslonghistory.Understandingthehistoricalcontextunderlyingtheseresourcescanhelpassesstheirsignificanceandinformdecisionsabouttheirfuture.Pleaserefertotheappendixformoreinformationaboutthemasterplan’shistoricaloverview.

In addition to the National Register period of significance, which necessarily focuses on the European-American history of the park, other historical themes are equally important. In particular, the Native American story of the landscape was considered by the CAC to be of primary significance.

All changes around Calhoun/Bde Maka Ska and Harriet will be reviewed in light of “The Secretary of the Interior’s Standards for the Treatment of Historic Properties” which outlines four approaches to the maintenance and repair of historic resources: Preservation, Rehabilitation, Restoration, and Reconstruction. The Standards were updated with “Guidelines for the Treatment of Cultural Landscapes” to provide a framework for applying these treatment options to complex landscapes like those at Lake Calhoun/Bde Maka Ska and Lake Harriet.

Historic preservation may conflict with the ecological improvements and new recreational amenities proposed in the master plan. For this reason, historic preservation consultants should be involved in the planning of projects that affect historic structures or landscapes around Calhoun/Bde Maka Ska and Harriet.

A1930’sbronzeplaquefromtheDaughtersoftheAmericancolonistsistheonlyrecognitionaroundthetwolakesoftheDakotainhabitationoftheareabeforeEuro-Americansettlement.

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Master Plan Historical and Cultural Resources Recommendations: 1. Revealandinterpretthenaturalandhumanhistoryof

thelakes.ExpandinterpretiveprogrammingaroundthelakesregardingNativeAmericanuseandhistoryofthearea.

2. Considerthepreservation,rehabilitation,orrestorationofhistoricobjects,buildings,andstructuresaroundthelakes.

3. Balancehistoricpreservationwithcurrentrecreationalneedsandecologicalhealth,maintainingflexibilitytorespondtocontemporaryusesandneeds.

TheHefflefingerFountainatLyndalePark,isacontributingelementtotheGrandRounds.