Master Training Green

8/8/2019 Master Training Green

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Site Coordinator Training:VC by VCOctober 28, 2008

Nicholas Thompson, Ohio State

David Devereaux-Weber,

Wisconsin

Bob Dixon, OSCnet and

Ohio State

Gabe Moulton, Ohio State


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Training Agenda

12:30

12:50

2:002:35

3:00

3:10

3:20

3:30

3:40

3:50

4:00

4:10

4:20

4:354:45

Introduction

Network

GatekeepersMCUs

Gateways

Break

Streaming & Archival

H.323 Endpoints

Environmental ConsiderationsVideoconferencing Etiquette

Site Coordinator Duties

How to become a certified coordinator

The Internet2 Commons

University of Iowa use of the Commons

Adjourn


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IntroductionBob Dixon


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Peanut Gallery

This session is only as good as you make it,

please chime in with your stories,experiences and questions

There are no bad questions!


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What is videoconferencing?

A real-time, two-way exchange of information

between two or more geographically disperselocations using audio, video and sometimesdata

It is not web conferencing, video chat, web

casting, or streaming


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Different Technologies

Standards-based:

H.320: videoconferencing on ISDN lines H.321: videoconferencing using ATM connections

H.323: videoconferencing over packet-basednetworks i.e. IP

SIP: multimedia multicast transmissions over IPCurrently used more in Voice over IP transmissions, but

slowly moving into the videoconferencing world


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Different Technologies

Not Standards-based:

Access Grid (AG) Virtual Room Videoconferencing System (VRVS)

DVTS

- Hundreds of Collaboration Tools

Some of these technologies have created orare creating interoperability with H.323


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Conferencing vs. Broadcasting

Conferencing

Live

Like a telephone call

Two-way

Call up and answer

Broadcasting

Live or on demand

Like watching television

One-way

Tune-in or enter URL

Streaming Webcasting


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Standards

The United Nations

International Telecommunications Unionratifies standards for communicationstechnologies, such as H.323

Multiple parties and vendors get input on

how the standards are ratified and what getsincluded


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H.320 ISDN vs. H.323 IP

H.320 ISDN Special Room High installation cost for

connectivity lines Expensive connectivity

costs

Charges to maintainlines

Professional operator Centrally scheduled

and administered

H.323 IP Any room with high

speed Internetconnectivity

No connectivity costonce you pay your ISP

Simple, user-friendly tooperate Decentralized control


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The H.323 Standard

H.323 is an umbrella standard thatencompasses standards for Audio

G.711, G.722, G.722.1, G.723.1, G.728, G.729

VideoH.264, H.263, H.261

DataH.239, T.120

Others: Call Control, Directories


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A Note on Video Algorithms

H.261 is the oldest of the standards

Most H.323 and H.320 endpoints can handle thisalgorithm

H.263 is newer Most newer H.323 and H.320 endpoints can use

this algorithmH.264 is the newest

Only the newest H.323 endpoints use thisalgorithm


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Why is this important?

With each new video codec/algorithm comes a

better means of processing the video Each new codec provides better quality video

at lower speeds

This means that a 768 kbps call using H.261

video looks as good as a 384 kbps call usingH.264 video

This can make a satellite-based

videoconference look just as good as land-line


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A note about H.239

H.239 is the standards-approved means of

doing duo-video or people+content This allows for VGA content to be transmitted

through the videoconference at native1024x768 resolution


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Pieces of an H.323 System

Network

The backbone of any H.323 callGatekeepers

A control device for H.323 components

Multipoint Control Units (MCUs) Special network devices that allow more than two

sites to connect at the same time


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Pieces of an H.323 System (cont.)

Gateways

Devices that convert other standards to H.323 Terminals/Endpoints

This is how any site joins an H.323videoconference

Streaming/Archival Bringing content to those that cannot attend either

due to time constraints or no H.323 equipment


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The NetworkDavid Devereaux-Weber

The backbone forsuccessful conferencing


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Wiring and Station Cables

3rd floor

Ethernet switch horizontal wiring station cable devicedatajack

iMac

Common practice is unshielded twisted-pair (UTP)according to the specs:

CAT 3 [old] supports 10 Mbps Ethernet (10base-T) CAT 5 [modern] supports 10base-T, 100 Mbps (100base-

TX) and 5e supports 1000 Mbps (1000base-T) Ethernet

CAT 6 [new] supports CAT 5 applications +


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Wiring and Station Cables

Actual wire used and quality of installationmay vary widely know your wiring!

Important to consider the station cables Dont use sub-CAT 5 station cables for 100 Mbpsconnections.

Silver Satin telephone line cords are not CAT 5. UTP and florescent lighting.


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Ethernet LAN

Bandwidths are 10 / 100 / 1000 Mbps

Full- and Half-Duplex Half-duplex: since sending and receiving are on the

same pairs of wires or fibers, equipment can only send orreceive at one time, and must listen for collisions withpackets from other devices.

Full-duplex: since sending and receiving are on differentpairs of wires or different fibers, equipment can send andreceive simultaneously and do not need to listen forcollision.


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Ethernet LAN

full-duplex is not consistently implemented on old 10

Mbps Ethernet equipment test before your conferenceto be sure it works.

100 Mbps supports half- and full-duplex.

Modern devicescan auto-sense speed and duplex.


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LAN: Switches vs. Hubs

Hubs (repeaters) are old technology.

A repeater sends (repeats) packets that arecoming in on one port toall other ports.Collisions can occur, so devices must listenfor them, and so can only operate in half-

duplex mode. Bandwidth is shared among all devices and

collisions force re-transmissions causingjitter.


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An Ethernet switch learns the MAC addresses of thedevices connected to it, and sends packets directlyand only to the target end-point.

Since only 2 endpoints can talk (no collisions), theycan both talk at same time (full duplex).

Provides much more consistent bandwidth and latency

(low jitter). A well-designed switched LAN is important for

videoconferencing. Repeater-based LANs should beupgraded to switched for videoconferencing!


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Watch out for user-installed hubs users might notknow the shortcomings of hubs for videoconferencing,and such hubs may have been installed by others.


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LAN: Ethernet Duplex Mismatch

One of the most common causes ofperformance issues on 10/100Mb Ethernet

links is when one port on the link is operatingat half-duplex while the other port is operatingat full-duplex.


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There is a silent performance-killer out there, oneso inconspicuous that it is hardly ever looked foror even suspected. You could suffer from it andnever know it, as it robs a site of performance butnot connectivity. This performance-killer has aname: Ethernet duplex mismatch.


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If one end of a connection is set for auto-

negotiation and fails to see auto-negotiation atthe other end, the standard requires that theauto-negotiate end set itself to the half-duplexdefault. If the other device is set for full

duplex, a mismatch is guaranteed.Auto-negotiation can sometimes fail, even

when both sides are set to auto (although thisisnt as prevalent as in the past).


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LAN: Duplex Mismatch Detection

Microsoft Windows doesnt display the auto-negotiatedduplex setting.

Cisco switches can detect duplex mismatch, but donot correct it (see notes).

Previous versions of Polycom firmware had anirregularity that let administrators choose AUTO speed

and duplex, but then silently used 10/half, causingsignificant performance problems. Make sure youhave current firmware.


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switch device switch device

auto auto auto auto

half half half half

full full full full

auto full BAD! half full

full auto BAD! full half

auto half half half

half auto half half

SETTINGS RESULTS


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LAN: Duplex Mismatch- Prevention

Our recommendations:

Dont use hubs for videoconferencing.If building wiring is CAT 3, try to set switch

port and device to 10/full, but test before

conference.If building wiring is CAT 5 or better, then set

switch ports and devices to 100/full ifsupported on switch and device.


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Router

WAN

Campus Backbone

intranet Internet2

intranet

Internet2Commercial

Internet

Provides interface to

the WAN. Intranet, commercial

Internet, and Internet2

connections.

Typically, every

networked device at an

Internet2-connected

institution has

connectivity to Internet2.


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WAN Segments

Service Speed Sample Uses

T1 1.5 Mbpsremote building; extension center

DS3 45 Mbpsinter-campus; Internet (I1) connection

OC3 155 Mbpsinter-campus; I1 & Internet2 connection

OC12 622 MbpsI1 backbones; Internet2 connection

OC 48 2.4 GbpsI1 and Internet2 backbones

1&10GigabitEthernet

1 or 10 Gbpsadvanced inter-campus connectionsutilizing dark fiber


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Internet2 Globalnoc Real Time Atlas


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Traffic on the Network

Typical university today:

IPTCP

UDP


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Traffic on the LAN

Unicast : one-to-one

Multicast: one-to-manyBroadcast: one-to-every


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Unicast

Most common traffic

Common applications: mail, Webbrowsing, file transfer, etc.


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IP Multicast

A one-to-many mode of transmission

Network numbers 224.0.0.0 through239.255.255.255 are reserved for multicast.

Examples of multicast applications: Streaming on PolycomViewstations

Vic/rat videoconferencing Centralized PC software administration tools such

as Symantec Ghost


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IP Multicast Leak Problems

Beware: high rates of unpruned multicast canadversely affect videoconference

performance.Use a network traffic and protocol analyzer to

identify this problem.


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Broadcast

A one-to-every mode of transmission

Used by network protocols including ARP, NetBIOSsystem discovery, and name resolution.

All devices on the network must process everybroadcast packet; high broadcast rates can divertprocessing capacity.

If the broadcast domain is too large or unusuallyactive, the activity required at the end-point to dealwith the broadcasts could diminish performance.


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Broadcast

A healthy network should have less than 100broadcast packets per second.

Check using a network traffic and protocolanalyzer tool.


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Unicast Video Broadcasting


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Multicast Video Broadcasting


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Firewalls A firewall is a network node that acts to enforce an

access control policy between two networks, e.g.,

between a university intranet and the commercialInternet. Used to secure IT resources against external attacks

and break-ins. Network-layer firewalls typically make their decisions

based upon port numbers and source/destinationaddresses.

Application-layer firewalls act as proxies.


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Firewalls

H.323 uses the IP ports: Statically-assigned TCP ports 1718 1720 and

1731 for call setup and control. Dynamically-assigned UDP ports in the range of

1024 65535 for video and audio data streams.

Firewalls dont allow unrestricted ports.Typical modern firewalls and H.323 dont getalong so well.


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Firewalls Solutions for H.323 [bad; non-scaleable] Allow unrestricted ports for

specific, known, external IP-addresses.

[better, but still not so good] Use feature of somevideoconferencing clients to confine dynamic portsto a specific, narrow range.

[OK, but extra admin work] Use an H.323application proxy.

[best] Use a firewall that snoops on the H.323 callset-up channels (static ports) and opens ports forthe audio/video (dynamic ports) as needed.


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NAT (Network Address Translation) Allows multiple computers behind the NAT to share

one external network address.

Uses: Alleviate shortage of IP addresses Security obscures view of the network from outside Flexible network administration

Not commonly used at universities on the campuslevel. Used somewhat in corporations. Common insmall offices and at home behind DSL, cablemodem, or ISDN network service.


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NAT Difficult to use H.323 behind NAT.

Some videoconferencing terminals provide features

to work with NAT. Refer to videoconferencingterminal documentation.

Think of your private IP address like an internaltelephone number. An endpoint outside of your

organization will not know what to do with it. 10.x.x.x

192.168.x.x

172.16.x.x-172.31.x.x


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Solution Caveats

Though many manufacturers haveFirewall/NAT traversal solutions built in totheir devices, these are proprietary vendor-specific solutions

Polycoms Use Defined Ports only works on

point-to-point Polycom to Polycom callsH.460.17, 18, 19 are standards-based

solutions ratified into H.323 to standardizeFirewall and NAT traversal solutions


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H.460.17/18/19 Firewall Traversal

Works by creating pin-holes

Products that follow it Polycom V2IU*

Tandberg Expressway

Radvision PathFinder

Micromethod Horizon

* Only follows the .18 portion of the whole standard


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H.460.17/18/19 Firewall Traversal

Solutions that do not follow the standard Direct Packet Research S.T.N.S

Visual Nexus


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Latency Latency is the time required for a packet to traverse a

network from source to destination.

Components of latency include: Propagation delay: the time it takes to traverse the

distance of the transmission line; controlled by thespeed of light in the media; rule-of-thumb: 20ms

San Francisco to New York.


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Latency

Rule of thumb: A one-way delay of:

- 0 150 ms provides excellent interactivity

- 150 300 ms is OK

- 300 400 ms is bad

- 400+ ms is unacceptable

- Satellite delay in the unacceptable range, but youwill find that you get used to the delay


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Jitter Jitter is variation in latency over time. If the endpoints are on switched LANs, then

the primary source of jitter is variation in thestore-and-forward time, resulting from networkload.

Network media areadversely affected by highlevels of jitter. If a packet arrives too late, it isdiscarded without being used.


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JitterVideoconference devices can put packets in a

buffer and read them out with precise timing,

but a buffer adds latency to the conference.As an example, Polycom VSX devices can

correct up to about 75 ms of jitter. Above that,the packets will arrive to late too be used.


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Packet LossPacket loss is typically due to congested links

and routers.

1% is noticeable

5% becomes intolerable


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QoS (Quality of Service)A method of giving some packets higher

priority than others.Not currently feasible on commercial Internet

and Internet2 networks for production, regularuse. Internet2 is working on QoS plans, butthe current over-provisioned Internet2 network

doesnt dictate need (for QoS). Is useful on over-utilized intranet - WAN links.


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QoSHow:

Some videoconferencing terminals can setthe IP precedence bits. Use that for markingand priority queuing on the WAN.

Or:Use a H.323 Proxy for consolidation of traffic

to a single address, router access list formarking, and priority queuing on the WAN.


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QoSCaution!

The wrong implementation could result inunwanted tradeoffs, e.g., packet lossimproves but jitter gets worse.


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The End-to-End Performance

ProblemScenario

Users on two different campuses of a university are

experiencing poor video and audio in a conference. Each user is supported by a different group of

videoconferencing engineers.

Each campus is supported by a different group of

network engineers. The wide-area network is supported by a third group

of network engineers.


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ProblemProblem

How do the users get timely, useful assistance?

How is network problem resolution coordinated?


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ProblemObstacles

Different groups, schedules, and priorities.

No one engineer has a complete understanding ofthe entire network path.

No one engineer can gain access to all the networknodes (routers, switches) along the path to inspect

for trouble. Communications are inconsistent from engineer to

engineer.


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ProblemSolutions

Articulate the E-2-E problem to network

management and engineers on all campuses. Establish reliable communication tools, and insist

that engineers utilize the tools.

Hold regular meetings; bring all engineers together

in one place and time to share information. Have good network documentation for all networks.


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E2E RecommendationsDevelop a close relationship with the network

engineers and NOC. Make sure they

understand whats being done withvideoconferencing and the network sensitivityof IP-based video.

Articulate the End-to-End Performance

Problem to network engineering andoperations management. Champion ways toreduce the problem.


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E2E RecommendationsHave engineers in the videoconferencing

support group trained to understand

networking issues and tools.Be sure to open trouble tickets with your NOC

so that a problem history is maintained.


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H.323 is Network Sensitive!

The big problems are: Half/Full-duplex mismatches

Packet loss

Jitter

Substandard horizontal wiring or station cables

Multicast leaks High broadcast rates


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Videoconferencing Over a Satellite

Network

Satellite networks are inherently highly latent You cannot beat the speed of light

Your connection is traveling over 50,000 miles

Be prepared to speak and wait and to askothers in your conference to do the same

While initially difficult to communicate, youand the other site (or sites) will becomeaccustomed to the delay after a few minutesof conversation


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Networking RecommendationsUse switched Ethernet.

Watch out for duplex mismatches.

Keep an eye on utilization of WAN links, packet loss,and jitter.

Make sure you dont have broadcast or multicastleaking problems.

Make sure wiring is up to the task.

Test. Before the conference. To have enough time totroubleshoot and correct.


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Putting it all together

Gatekeepers, Multipoint ControlUnits (MCUs), and Gateways

Nicholas Thompson

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H.323 Videoconferencing


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GateKeeperMCU

H.323 Clients

INTERNET

H.323 Videoconferencing

Web

Browser

Real Video

H.323

H.320

Gateway

ISDN

POTs line

Telephone


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GatekeepersNicholas Thompson

Bringing control to yourfingertips


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What is a gatekeeper?

Physically it is a server that can be locatedanywhere on the network

Functionally very similar to a DNS server thatdoes Address lookup

Adds some control functionality

Creates an H.323 zone


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H.323 ZoneDefinition

A single gatekeeper and all of the end points

(clients, MCUs, and gateways) that register withthe gatekeeper.

Typically is a community E.g. University or organization


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Gatekeepers Provide:

Admission Control

Call Authorization

Address Translations

Bandwidth Management

Zone Management

Call Signal Routing

Management Functions


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Typical Gatekeeper Components

Gatekeeper Core Functionality

Web Server Management

SNMP Services


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Basic OperationEndpoints register with gatekeeper

This is a one time administrative task

Endpoint asks gatekeeper for permission toplace call to another endpoint

Endpoint signals call with other endpoint

Endpoints exchange media directlyEndpoints disconnect, notify gatekeeper


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Technical Description

Uses TCP port 1720, UDP Port 1719, 1718 1720 for Q.931 call control

1719 H.225 Registration, Admission, and Statusmessages (RAS)

1718 GK discovery

Deals with H.225, H.245, Q.931 H.225: RAS as above but also call control and call

setup messages H.245: Media control and Transport signaling


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Gatekeeper Functionality

Services: Setup for point-to-point calls

Provides access to multipoint conferencesand gatewaysNeighbor Gatekeepers:

Provides inter-zone communicationNetwork Topology:

Allow administrator to employ trafficshaping


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Gatekeeper Functionality Endpoints:

Live list of registered usersCall Control:

Live list of active calls

Handy when you consider doing upgrades


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Client AuthorizationOpen Gatekeepers

anyone can register

Predefined Endpoints

LDAP Authenticated Endpoints


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Configuration Considerations

Neighbors Can neighbor with everyone individually

Join a dialing plan Choose a registration mode Open, predefined, authenticated

Choose a routing mode Direct, Call Setup, Call Setup and Call Control

(negotiation)


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Gatekeeper to Gatekeeper

Communication Then the Trans European

Research and EducationNetworking Association

(TERENA) came up with aplan to use a hierarchy ofgatekeepers

Zone prefixes and extensionnumbers are defined by thenational managing agent -usually the National

Research Network (NRN) inthat country

ViDe also joined in theadoption of this plan


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Global Dialing Scheme (GDS)

A structure for peering between gatekeepers,such that any endpoint associated with a

ViDeNet zone may dial an endpoint in anyother ViDeNet zone

ViDeNet Version 3 Dial Plan

A numbering plan for global video and voiceover IP


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Four parts of a GDS Number1. International Access Code (IAC) always 002. A Country Code (CC)

Follows the ITU international access code system

1. An Organizational Prefix (OP) In North America, ViDeNet lets you chose between E164 space and

Super Space (more later) Some countries use area code/exchange prefix

1. An Endpoint Number (EN)

A unique number assigned to each endpoint following organizationpractices GDS numbers are dialed: IAC CC OP EN (without the

spaces)


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North American Numbering Scheme

The North American node of the Global DialingScheme utilizes an enhanced version of the North

American Numbering Plan (NANP) to distributeaddresses The address space is divided into two parts: North

American E.164 Space and North American SuperSpace E.164 Space correlates to existing telephone number

assignments Super Space utilizes unused NANP address space starting

with 0 or 1 to create an address space that is separate fromexisting telephone numbering addresses


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E164 Space Based upon the ITU-T e.164 telephone number

assigned to the current subscriberof a range oftelephone numbers

For example, if a university held +1.919.226.6100through +1.919.226.6199, then that university would beeligible for the GDS prefix 00191922661. Thatuniversity could assign the remaining two digits to

endpoints 00-99 Aside from maintaining direct inward dial (DID)

capability for endpoints, there is no reason to limitendpoint numbering to two digits


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Super Space Prefixes in North American Super Space (NASS)

addresses are of the form: PX9

P is a 0 or 1No North American area code starts with a 0 or a 1

X is a variable length string of digits consisting of anydigit between 0 and 8

9 is used as a delimiter Internet2 Commons: 189

Ohio State Free Love: 1109

Northwestern University: 1169


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Internet2 Commons Specific Settings

Adopted Global Dialing Scheme (GDS) Only need two neighbors

North American Root main: 192.148.244.130

North American Root alternate: 207.75.164.39

GDS serves as Dial Plan

Open registration mode Direct routing mode


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GDS at The Internet2 Commons The IAC is 00, CC is 1 For the OP, Internet2 requested Super Space, and was

assigned 189 For the EN, we use your ten-digit telephone number

If you have more than one videoconferencing station and onlyone telephone number, follow the ten digits by another integer

Gabe and my telephone number is 614-292-8443 and

the GDS dial number of our office endpoint is: 00 1 189 614 292 8443 (spaces for readability only)

Endpoints register with all 16 digits with thegatekeeper


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Internet2 Commons specific settings

Services are 001189 + XXX + YYYY XXX digits to identify MCU and conference

YYYY digits for a specific users conference

Have not adopted LDAP or H.350

Currently is a Radvision ECS

500 concurrent calls, 3000 concurrentregistrations

Soon move to GnuGK


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Northwestern University Short Cut

Dialing Endpoints (clients) register as a 1 followed by the

last five digits of their telephone number (plus

possibly another digit if you have multiple clientsand one telephone number)

Someone registered with the NU gatekeeper calls176885

Someone outside of NU dials me as00111689176885

92


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Benefits of GDS Provides a static address in a dynamic world

If you have a DHCP IP address, your GDSnumber can stay the same

If you travel, your GDS number can travelwith you

All Internet2 Commons Conferences haveGDS Dial Strings


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Making a GDS Call

00World GK

001North American

GK

0044United Kingdom

GK

0031Netherlands

GK

0011189Internet2 Commons

GK

0011896142478066

Nicholas Thompson

00313023SURFnet GK

003130230567

Egon Verharen

001189Internet2 Commons

GK


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Gatekeepers Available on the Market

Standalone Gatekeeper (e.g., RADVISION ECS)

System Blade (e.g., RADVISION ECS on a blade of a ViaIP)

Embedded in an Endpoint

(e.g., A gatekeeper embedded in a RADVISION OnLANMCU or gateway or Codian MCU)

Backup Gatekeeper (e.g., RADVISION Alternate Gatekeeper)


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Gatekeepers Available on the Market

Other Gatekeepers: Polycom PathNavigator

Cisco (RADVISION code running on Cisco IOS)

Tandberg Gatekeeper

Codian MCU-based Gatekeeper

GNU Gatekeeper (Based on Open323)


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Multipoint Control Units (MCUs)Nicholas Thompson

Bringing many togetherat once


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Multipoint Control Units:

Hardware vs SoftwareHardware

Dedicated, real-timeoperating system

Generally work well RADVISION Polycom (Accord) Tandberg

Codian LifeSize

Software Most based on Windows or

Unix OS on a server Processor speed catching

up to make them morereliable


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MCU Control Functions

Defining a conference Ongoing conference or scheduled

Connection Speed Number of connections allowed

Voice Switched (VS) or

Continuous Presence (CP)Many different layouts

Operating a conference Dial In versus Dial Out


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MCU Control Functions

Monitoring a conference Check to be sure it is fully attended

Mute unruly participants

Monitoring an MCU MCU Status reports

Cascading MCUs MCUs calling MCUs for really big conferences


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MCUs available in the market

RADVISION ViaIP (Legacy?) Up to 100 ports at 384k VS

Powerful, reliable; ECS Gatekeeper Gatekeeper required for dial in, but not dial out

Radvision Scopia Chassis-based system or stand alone box

HD capabilities Scopia Desktop

Tandberg


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MCUs Available in the Market

Polycom MGC (used to be Accord) Codian

MCU 4200 (SD) MCU 4500 (HD)


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RADVISION SCOPIA MCU

Newest MCU offerings from RADVISION

Blade-style technology in multiple chassisform factors

The combination of blades in the system willdetermine the capacity in standard and high

definition Built in web server for configuration


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Polycom MGC

3 Flavors, 25, 50 and 100

Capacity varies by configuration

Support for H.264

Can support ISDN, IP and ATM

Separate Software control

Priced by configurationBuilt-in reservation capability


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Tandberg MCU

16 users, 3 simultaneous conferences

Support for H.264

Embedded EncryptionSupports ISDN and IP

Embedded web server for control and configuration

Small 1U form factor, 19 Rack-mountable


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Codian MCU 4200

6, 12, 20, 30 and 40 port Standard Definition

12, 20, 30, and 40 port High Definition

Embedded web server for control and configuration Built-in streaming available for conferences

Direct IP-based dialing and Gatekeeper-baseddialing For IP-based dialing you need to take Far end camera

control or use DTMF tones

Small 1U form factor, 19 Rack-mountable


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HD MCUs

Radvision, Codian, Tandberg and Polycom allhave HD support on their MCUs

Some will require new hardware or software torun HD

Definition of HD videoconferencing depends

on the manufacturer, usually 720p with 30 fps(720p = 1280 x 720 pixels)

The Commons Polycom MCU is HD-capable


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Commons MCU Testbed

Three MCUs are available for testing anddiscussion http://commons.internet2.edu/testing

RADVISION viaIP Polycom MGC 100

Codian 4240

The Commons will support remote or onsite (youcome to Ohio) testing

Useful for assisting in evaluations for your ownpurchases


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GatewaysNicholas Thompson

Getting two differenttechnologies to talk toeach other


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Gateways

Take one technology and make it work withanother ISDN to IP (H.320 to H.323) ATM to IP (H.321 to H.323)

SIP to IP (SIP to H.323)

Any combination of the above technologies


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Gateways available

Standalone box

Special card for blade-styleMCUs/Gatekeeper

Build it yourself

Dual function endpoint


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Stand Alone Gateways

Typically a rack mount box with inputs fordifferent types of lines (ISDN, ATM or IP)

Web interface for administration ISDN Gateways can take either BRI or PRI

lines BRI=Basic Rate Interface or 64 kbps per line

usually coming in pairs PRI=Primary Rate Interface or 23*64 kbps per

line typically transmitted over T1 line


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Blade Style Card

Will take up space that could also be usedfor other technology

ISDN Blades Most take a PRI line


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ISDN Gateways

Expensive The equipment either needs to be dedicated or set

up each time they are needed ISDN lines carry expensive line charges and

connection fees

ISDN lines provide the capability to allow people

(on travel) to dial into a multipointvideoconference from a telephone and interactvia audio


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Gateways

Radvision Scopia 100 Gateway

Codian ISDN GW 3200 (1 to4 PRIs)

Tandberg Gateway (see alsoCodianGateway)

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Delivering content tothose without H.323 orfor later review

Streaming and ArchivalGabe Moulton

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Streaming

The one-way delivery of digital content froma streaming server to a streaming client in a

continuous, paced, and controlled flow Alleviates the need to download an entire

media clip as a file

Live events dont exist as a file yet Allows playing to start before download is

completed

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Streaming a Videoconference

Streaming a videoconference makes itpossible for any number of people to view a

conference either live or recorded for on-demand access

Viewers use desktop computers withstandard media players such as Real,

Windows Media, or QuickTime

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What Can I Do With Streaming?

Key individuals participate byvideoconference A larger audience views the live stream

Save the proceedings of a meeting

Make a class or lecture available on-demand

for later student review

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How to Stream a Videoconference

All-in-one solutions

Videoconferencing endpoints with built-in

H.26x/G.7xx multicast streaming Combination of videoconferencing terminal

and standard streaming encoder

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All-In-One Box

Can exist anywhere on the networkRepackage the H.323 content into a stream

that can be interpreted by QT, Real, or WMPDO NOT optimize for streamingExamples:

STARBAK VCG

Virtual Rooms Videoconference Service (VRVS)

Codian MCU or IPVCRhas H.239 support

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Terminals with Built-In Streaming

Some high-end terminals such as Polycom FX

Tandberg 880 Can multicast the H.26x/G.7xx audio and

video in QT, Real and/or WMP

No ability to record for VOD Can be a burden on the local network of the

device

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Combo Endpoint and Encoder

Two standard devices H.323 videoconference endpoint Streaming encoder

Are interconnected A/V out of H.323 endpoint into A/V input of encoder

Encoder can be just about anything Real, Windows Media, QuickTime; or MPEG-1,-2,-4;

unicast or multicast Video can be recorded and stored for VOD onserver

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Combo Endpoint and Encoder

Combo Endpoint and Encoder can becomplex to manage

Have to schedule and manage the encoder Videoconference scheduling systems dont

support viewing the pair of devices as a singlelogical device

MediaSite has a device that can becombined with an endpoint that can captureboth the VC and H.239 if that is part of theconference.

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Streaming Quality

Combo Endpoint and Encoder usesoptimized-for-streaming encoding formats

Both All-In-One Box and Endpoints with Built-In streaming repackage video and audiowhich is not optimized for streaming

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An end-users view ofvideoconferencing

H.323 EndpointsGabe Moulton

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Four basic types of endpoints

Room systems

Desktop systems

Software-based systems

Telepresence Systems

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Room Systems

Most will need a display device Monitor, projector, etc

Mostly set-top boxes Some can be rack-mounted Some take multiple inputs for video

Multiple cameras VGA/Scan converter Document camera

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Room Systems

All come with an intuitive GUI Interface

Almost all use remote controls or some other

external interfaceMost have one or more external microphone

Most hide the administrative features from

the end user Many will password protect the administrative

interface to avoid users changing settings

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Room System Examples

Polycom VSX line

HDX line Tandberg

Set-top Series

Edge Series

LifeSize No support for H.261

video

VTEL IPanel

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Desktop Endpoints

Have built-in processors to handle some ofthe video encoding

Most will rely on your PCs monitor or willhave a built-in monitor Some with the built in monitor can take the place

of your current monitor or be used for dual screen

Best to use only if you have one to threepeople at your site

Very few have external inputs for VGA,external cameras, etc.

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Desktop Endpoints

Many have strong arm focusing which canbe difficult to get the focus exactly correct

Becoming less popular and expensivecompared to software endpoints on todaysfaster processors

Most desktop endpoints with built in monitorare aimed at the Executive level

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Desktop Endpoint Examples

Polycom VSX 3000

V700 HDX 4000

Tandberg 1000

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Software Endpoints

Most work only with Windows OSRely on your monitor for displaying video

Use USB or Firewire webcam for capturingvideo A decent USB webcam will cost about $100

Most software packages run in the $150 perendpoint range and offer a free trial perioddownload

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Example Software Endpoints

Polycom PVX www.polycom.com

Xmeeting http://xmeeting.sourceforge.net/

Runs on Mac OSX

RADVISION eConf www.radvision.com

Tandberg Movi http://www.tandberg.com

/products/pc_videoconferencing.jsp

135
http://www.polycom.com/http://xmeeting.sourceforge.net/http://www.radvision.com/http://www.radvision.com/http://xmeeting.sourceforge.net/http://www.polycom.com/


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Telepresence Setups (H.323)

Multiple systemsworking together

Polycom Tandberg

Lifesize

Specific room setup

Illusion of one singleroom

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Getting you and yourspace ready forvideoconferencing

Environmental ConsiderationsGabe Moulton

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Setting Up for a Videoconference

Clothing

Lighting

Back Drop

Audio setup

Large Conference Room considerations

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Clothing

Solid color shirts

Busy outfits blur when

on camera Simpler patterns aid the

video compression

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Lighting

Soft white frontal light

Standard overhead lights

can cast shadowsespecially if the user wearsglasses

Think of TV studio lighting

Camera can not focus inlow lightkeep this in mindif you use a projector

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Backdrop

No hard lines or complicated patterns

Can use a dry erase board, but be aware of

glare Solid darker color is ideal

Avoid red backgrounds they can be hard on the

viewing siteGive audience one thing to focus onYOU

Good ideause a sign to indicate your location

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Bad Backdrop

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Good Backdrop

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Audio Setup

Keep the microphone away from wherethe speakers are located

This can cause audio loop back Test audio levels ahead of time

Make a test call

Use built-in features of the endpoint to test

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Audio Setup

Make sure microphones are away fromextraneous noise generators

Air conditioners Laptop/Projector fans

May need to add echo canceling hardware This is less common as endpoints become MUCH

better at handling audio

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Large Room Considerations

Position the camera to see the primaryspeaker and audience May want to add additional cameras

Good lighting

Designate locations for Q&A with

microphones Avoid panning the camera too much

Use endpoint presets

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Other Considerations

Plasma burn-in Many endpoint use icons while in a call

These icons can lead to burn-in on the plasmascreen

Projectors Newer, brighter projectors (3000+ lumens) are

plenty bright to have room lights on duringvideoconferences

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Make every conferencean enjoyable one

Videoconferencing EtiquetteGabe Moulton

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Plan Your Videoconference

Send the agenda and handouts in advance

Allow a few minutes for call setup and shut

down time Stick to the time limits

Unplug room telephone or turn off the ringer

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Be Considerate

Can you hear me, can you hear me?

Remember to mute your microphone when

you are not talking to the groupUse a location banner and name tags in case

you are not on a first-name basis with the

others in your conference Take turns speaking and allow time for audio

delay

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Be Considerate

Dont Multi-task on camera

Be aware of possible audio distractionsif your microphone is not muted Coughing

Paper rattling

AC units, Laptop and projector fans

Dont bring food unless all sites will be eating

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Tips for Getting Started

Provide an overview workshop for newusers to learn basics Share rules of etiquette

Get experience using the remote control

The importance of muting

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Tips for Getting Started

Publish and distribute print materials orcreate a website describing basic equipment

use and listing the site coordinators contactinformation Emphasize simple practices like having a

clear meeting agenda, muting the

microphone, and how to use the remotecontrol

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Test, test, test

Test with every location thoroughly Testing will help address equipment and

networking issues in advance

Testing provides experience andcreates a positive end experience

Murphys Law: If something can gowrong, it will

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Why We Test

A student had a thesis defenseMoved from the planned, tested

location just prior to a videoconference Original testing went fine Far site moved their unit just moments

before the conference was to begin Nervous presenter waited while newproblems were corrected

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156

Site Coordinator DutiesBob Dixon

What is expected of you

Be Your Organizations


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gVideoconferencing Liaison

Work with the people in your group to assist withscheduling and testing

Establish relationship with your users and bestpractices for your group

Work with other site coordinators at otherorganizations

Work with users in conferences you schedule to be

sure they can connect Make nice with your organizations network

administrators They can be your best friend in making H.323 reallywork

for your organization

Troubleshooting Point to Point


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gVideoconferences

Make sure the network is up to the task Eliminate Firewall or NAT as troublemaker

Make sure both endpoints are turned on andhave valid IP addresses Some endpoints have built-in hub and if the

Ethernet cable is plugged in here, it will not work

Most will give an indication that they have a validIP address, but they can be wrong

Make sure you have link lights

Troubleshooting Multipoint


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Conferences

Number 1 support call: I cant get into theconference

Make sure all sites have followed the directions Make sure you have the time and date correct

Make sure all sites are registered to a GDSGatekeeper

Double check your speed and what you dialed


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Follow Directions

Commons Dialing Directions come with adate and time (with time zone) reminder

and directions similar to this example:1. Register with a GDS Gatekeeper, if you need toborrow space go here:http://commons.internet2.edu/reggate

2. Make sure you are connecting at 384 kbps

3. Dial 001189 700 1234 (no spaces)

4. Call 614-292-xxxx for technical support

Ti i i hi
http://commons.internet2.edu/reggatehttp://commons.internet2.edu/reggate


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Timing is everything

Time zone confusion can be problematic

Dont be surprised if your Tuesday

conference is empty on Wednesday, orsimply wont let you in!

R i t i ith G t k


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Registering with a Gatekeeper

Many new users have never done this Typically an administrative chore and

requires administrative access to theendpoints settings This does take a few minutes and can

require some rebooting, so be prepared

If your campus is already GDS, make a noteof that on the cheat sheet in VC room

How to register with the CommonsG t k


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Gatekeeper

1. In your videoconferencing endpointunit, navigate to the H.323 settings

menu2. Enter your email address as your

endpoints H.323 Name This gives administrators some idea of

who is registering and from where

How to register with the CommonsG t k ( t )


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Gatekeeper (cont.)

3. Assign yourself an E.164 number inthis format

001189 + your 10 digit phone number If your phone number is (111) 555-0000,

your GDS number would be0011891115550000

Your endpoint's system may need to berebooted.

How to register with the CommonsG t k ( t )


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Gatekeeper (cont.)

4. Navigate back to the H.323/Gatekeepersetting

5. Enter the following IP address:192.148.244.115

Again, your endpoint may need to be rebooted

4. Congratulations! You should now be

registered with the Internet2 CommonsGatekeeper

Gl b l Di li S h


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Global Dialing Scheme

The Global Dialing Scheme (GDS) providesa structure for peering between gatekeepers,

such that any endpoint associated with aViDeNet zone may dial an endpoint in anyother ViDeNet zone.

See www.vide.net

A i h h ld I GDS?


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167

Again, why should I use GDS?

Achieves a static address or number in dynamicworld

If you move your system around from room to roomon DHCP network, you can always be called using thesame number

Allows for long distance dialing without having

to change Gatekeepers Facilitates use of MCUs by people in different

organizations or countries

Ch k d!


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168

Check your speed!

Some MCUs will not let you in if you dial atan incorrect speed

Some will only give you partial connection Only audio

Only video

Frozen image

Faster is not always the best way to go!

Ch k di it !


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169

Check your digits!

One added or missing number may put youin a completely different place

Some MCUs have predefined meetingrooms where a mistyped dial string willcause failure to connect

You do not enter the spaces in a GDS dial

string, the spaces are for readability like theparenthesis and dashes in telephonenumbers

I P l l i t ?


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170

Is your Polycom lying to you?

Polycom ViewStations have a really greatfeature that will tell you your IP address is

good THEY LIE!!!

If you have a hard-coded IP address, it willautomatically tell you that it has an IP address

even if no network cable is plugged in Sometimes theyll lie if theyre set up for DHCP

Solutions to the lying Polycom


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Solutions to the lying Polycom

Be sure a network cable is plugged into thecorrect jack and look for link lights

Make sure the jack you are using can giveyou the IP address you want

Try DHCP, registering to a Gatekeeper, orrebooting Be sure to record the current settings for later use

Do you have a Firewall or NAT?


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Do you have a Firewall or NAT?

Firewall + H.323 = Bad

NAT + H.323 = Bad

Firewall + NAT + H.323 = Bad

Still cant get in?


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Still cant get in?

Some endpoints require you to specify for them todial by IP or LAN

Is your endpoint ISDN or ATM? You will need a gateway to convert your signal to IP

and back

Check to make sure the Ethernet cable is

plugged into the right place Some of the older Polycoms have an Ethernet jack

AND a hub port

Okay, now Im in but it looksterrible!


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174

terrible!

Do you have enough bandwidth? A dedicated T1 for video might not be enough

Say you have 4 endpoints all videoconferencing at 384

kbps 4 * 384 kbps = 1536 kbps which is your WHOLE T1 and

that doesnt allow room for overhead

Network congestion can cause a poor videoconferencingexperience

Did you check your duplex settings Duplex mismatch is the silent killer of videoconferencing

Another word on etiquette


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175

Another word on etiquette

Remember to mute your microphone

Try to stay in the frame of the video for the other

ends pleasure Theres nothing more distracting that looking at the top

of someones head or out their window

Cut down on visual and audio distractions in the

room Air conditioners, fans, and poor mic placement

Busy backgrounds and clothing

And never forget


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176

And never forget

Test

Test

TEST!!!

How To Become a Certified Site


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177

How To Become a Certified Site

CoordinatorBob Dixon

What youve all beenwaiting for!

Take the Final Exam


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Take the Final Exam

Go to http://commons.internet2.edu/participate

Fill out the form there

The Commons Tech Support Team will receive theform, send you an email, and ask for some moreinformation that is not on the form (on purpose)

You will then be certified and be on the Internet2

Commons site coordinator web list

Who Can Be a Site Coordinator?
http://commons.internet2.edu/participatehttp://commons.internet2.edu/participate


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179

Who Can Be a Site Coordinator?

Anyone who has taken this course

OR, anyone who currently works with

videoconferencing in their organization andwants to self-certify For a list of required knowledge to self-certify see

http://commons.internet2.edu/sccertify.html

You DO NOT need to subscribe to TheInternet2 Commons to become a CertifiedSite Coordinator

Some excellent resources
http://commons.internet2.edu/sccertify.htmlhttp://commons.internet2.edu/sccertify.html


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180

Some excellent resources

www.vide.net Look for the ViDeVideoconferencing Cookbook

www.megaconference.org to sign up for theMegaconference Mailing List

http://commons.internet2.edu and SiteCoordinator Mailing List You will be signed up to that list when you take

the final exam
http://www.vide.net/http://www.megaconference.org/http://commons.internet2.edu/http://commons.internet2.edu/http://www.megaconference.org/http://www.vide.net/


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181

The Internet2 CommonsBob Dixon

How to put it to use foryour organization

What is The Internet2 Commons?


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182

What is The Internet2 Commons?

A production H.323 video conferencingbridging service, and related services

A test bed for new videoconferencing andcollaboration tools

The Internet2 Commons Mission


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The Internet2 Commons Mission

Promote and facilitate remote collaborationthroughout the Internet2 research andeducation community by means of innovativeand integrated, standards-based Internettechnologies

Build on useful technologies to create

collaboration services that are: sustainable,scalable, and affordable Push developers to interoperate and listen to

our users

Internet2 CommonsPhilosophy


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p y

We are here to HELP people, not to run a business.

We believe in the power of video conferencing

to promote world togetherness.

We use a shared, decentralized support model,to decrease costs and increase collegiality.

We encourage vendors to donate equipmentand services, to decrease costs and provideexposure and recognition for them.

Current Internet2 Commons Services


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185

Current Internet2 Commons Services

Scheduled video conferencesAd-hoc video conferences

Technical help from the OSCnet NOC andOSU professional staff

Video streaming and archivingAccess to collaboration tools:

IOCOM, Microsoft Conference XP, Vidyo

Current Internet2 Commons Services(cont )


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(cont.)

Unlimited free gatekeeper registration for anyone Operation of Gatekeepers:

Western Hemisphere World Gatekeeper

both of the redundant North American Gatekeepers

both of the redundant Commons Gatekeepers

the historic Free Love Gatekeeper Free support of many events, such as

Megaconferences (NOV 6!), Megaconference Juniors,Gigaconferences, Collaboranzas, Internet2-relatedconferences (such as this one), etc.

I2 Commons Ad Hoc Multi-point Video


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How to use it!

I2 Commons Ad Hoc Multi point Video

Conferencing Service

I2 Commons Ad Hoc Multi-point VideoConferencing Service


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Conferencing Service

Definition

Example

Application

Ad Hoc Multi-point Video Conferencing- Definition -


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- Definition -

Fixed meeting parameters Total number of connections

Connection speed

Dialing sequence & procedure (dial in/out) Video display

Voice Switched (VS) or Continuous Presence (CP)Layout, e.g.,

Result: H.323 virtual room Managed by the Site Coordinator

etc.

Ad Hoc Multi-point Video Conferencing- Definition -


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- Definition -

Fixed meeting parameters Total number of connections

Connection speed

Dialing sequence & procedure (dial in/out) Video display

Voice Switched (VS) or Continuous Presence (CP)Layout, e.g.,

Result:H.323 virtual room Managed by the Site Coordinator

etc.

Ad Hoc Multi-point Video Conferencing- Example -


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Example

Maximum connections: 8

Connection speed: 384 Kbps

Dial procedure: Participants dial inDialing sequence: 001189130xxxx

Video display: Continuous Presence

Layout:

Ad Hoc Multi-point VideoconferencingApplication:University of Iowa


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College of Nursing students participate in multiple Master and PhD

classes using H.323 video conferencing.

Ad Hoc Multi-point VideoconferencingApplication:University of Iowa

C ll f N i d i i i l i l M d PhD


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College of Nursing students participate in multiple Master and PhD

classes using H.323 video conferencing.

Ad Hoc Multi-point Video Conferencing- Advantages -


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Calendar

Advantages

Same dialing instructions for each videoconference

Test calls are easier to scheduleResponsiveness to late requests:

18 19 20 21 22

25 26 27 28 29First dayFirst day

of classesof classes

First dayFirst day

of classesof classes

Instructors beginInstructors begin

submitting requestssubmitting requests

for multi-pointfor multi-point

conferencingconferencing

Instructors beginInstructors beginsubmitting requestssubmitting requests

for multi-pointfor multi-point

conferencingconferencing

New Trial Internet2 Commons Services


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195

Site Coordinators run the Commons MCUsthemselves.

Live monitoring of video conferences Guaranteed gatekeeper support and assistance Video streaming and archiving, NOT associated

with a video conference These are all optional additional services, with

additional costs.

Who can join the Commons?


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Who can join the Commons?

Any non-profit or educationalorganization affiliated with Internet2

You need not be an Internet2 memberYou need not be connected to Internet2.

As a Commons member, who can Iconference with?


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conference with?

ANYBODY anywhere in the world who hasH.323 capability

They need not be Internet2 members They need not be Commons members

They need not be connected to Internet2

Why Should I Join The Commons?


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198

Why Should I Join The Commons?

You have need of bridging multiple H.323 sitesfor distance education, bringing in branchcampuses, town meetings, etc

You have your own MCU or bridging service andyou want overflow or back-up service

You need streaming video and archiving of yourvideo conferences

You need technical assistance

You would like to try out the collaboration tools

How To Join the Commons


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Take this class

Go to http://commons.internet2.edu

Fill out the membership application form Pay the basic membership fee ($2000 for

300 port hours/year).

Videoconference away!

Current Commons Members


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Boston CollegeCarnegie Mellon (Qatar)CILCCIC (Big 10)

CLARA (Latin America Network)ClemsonConcurrent TechnologiesDukeGreen Building AllianceHarvardInternet2Jackson StateMAGPIMichigan (3)

NorthwesternOhio Supercomputer CenterOhio StateOSHEAN

RutgersSan Diego Supercomputer CenterAlabama - BirminghamConnecticutIowaMinnesotaUniv Puerto Rico (2)St ThomasWisconsinWashington Univ

4000

4500

Internet 2 Commons Port Hours Used in 2007


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0

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

3000

3500

WUSL

RCMI

LGTRC

CSNP

UAB

Duke

NIH

NEESit

UPR-PHS

CLARA

Rutgers

CTC

CIC

UMichLRC

ATRAP

CMUQuatar

MHRI

Uwisc

OhioState

UIowa

Internet2

MAGPI

What does the Commons get you?


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g y

Mature technology, accepted standards,multiple vendors

Advanced features in multiple MCUsHelp! when you need itand beforeMCUs, streamers and gatekeepers have

unlimited bandwidth connectivity to theInternet.

All equipment is remote controlled, andlocated in a secure, environmental andpower controlled facility

Requesting Use of The Commons


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q g

Only subscribers can requestCommons services

Right now requests are handled eitherby the submission of the form or overthe telephone

Request Using the Web Form


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q g

http://commons.internet2.edu/vcrequest Password protected

Password sent upon completing subscription Form is automatically emailed to the

Internet2 Commons NOC at OSCnet You will receive a confirming email with

connection information

Email the Request
http://commons.internet2.edu/vcrequesthttp://commons.internet2.edu/vcrequest


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q

Send to [email protected]

Include:

Date, start time, end time, time zone Your contact information

Connection speed

Number of sites

Select VS or CP and layout

Streaming request

Most commonly used layouts


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y y

Special FREE TRIAL period


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p p

The month immediately following theSite Coordinator Training, all services

are FREE to everyone. A limit of oneconference at a time, and a limit of 50port hours will be set up.

Note, only certified site coordinators canrequest services, so be sure to complete thecertification process.

New Services Coming in 2009


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g

The Commons Management Team meets twice a month todiscuss operational issues for the Commons. We plan onrolling out some new features in 2009. One new feature

will be a monitored conference. We also have plans to addan HD MCU.

We are also in process of re-engaging our Commons

Corporate Members. Watch our website for further details.


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Thank you

We expect our inbox tobe flooded with SiteCoordinator forms!

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