The Impact of Appliance Efficiency on Building Energy Performance

-Case Study for China-Singapore Tianjin Eco-city

Hua Fan Environmental Economics and Policy

April 8, 2010

Research Question

Will improved appliance efficiency reduce energy use and cost?

www.voxhub.com www.ir55.com

Source: www.tianjinecocity.gov.sg

350,000 residents

Buildings40%

Transportation28%

Industry32%

12%

84%

4%Manufacturing & construction

Daily Operation

Maintenance

Source: DOE

Source: Building and Environment Vol. 32 No. 4, 1997

36%

12%15%

37%

Source: EIA RECS

Space HeatingSpace CoolingWater HeatingAppliances & Lighting

A complicated value chain…

…with many stakeholdersSource: WBCSD

Adapted from eQuest Introductory Tutorial

eQUEST-the QUick Energy Simulation Tool

Peak demand

Utility bills

Energy use

Mid-rise prototype High-rise prototype

www.ie-ashrae.org

www.xinjin.gov.cn www.gome.com.cn

10am 11am 12pm 1pm 2pm 3pm 4pm 5pm 6pm 7pm 8pm 9pm 10pm0

100

200

300

400

500

600Weekdays

Watt

10am 11am 12pm 1pm 2pm 3pm 4pm 5pm 6pm 7pm 8pm 9pm 10pm0

100

200

300

400

500

600Weekends

Watt

Grade 1Grade 2Grade 3Grade 4Grade 5

46000 47000 48000

Grade 1

Grade 2

Grade 3

Grade 4

Grade 5

620 630 640 650

Mid-rise prototype

Grade 1Grade 2Grade 3Grade 4Grade 5

120000 123000 126000 129000

High-rise prototype

Grade 1

Grade 2

Grade 3

Grade 4

Grade 5

2940 2960 2980 3000 3020 3040

Annual electricity use (kWh)

Annual steam use (MBTU)

Space Cooling

Space Heating

Grade 1

Grade 2

Grade 3

Grade 4

-2.0% -1.0% 0.0% 1.0% 2.0% 3.0%

Mid-rise prototype

Grade 1

Grade 2

Grade 3

Grade 4

-4.5% -3.0% -1.5% 0.0% 1.5% 3.0%

Space Heating Space Cooling

High-rise prototype

Percentage Changes in Energy Consumption

Grade 1 Grade 2 Grade 3 Grade 4

-20

-10

0

10

20

30

Space HeatingSpace Cooling Appliances

Grade 1 Grade 2 Grade 3 Grade 4

-100

-50

0

50

100

150

Space HeatingSpace CoolingAppliances

(MBTU)

Annual Energy Savings

(MBTU)

Grade 1

Grade 2

Grade 3

Grade 4

Grade 5

0.0%

1.0%

2.0%

Annual saving ($)

Grade 1

Grade 2

Grade 3

Grade 4

Grade 5

-1000

0

1000

2000

3000

Steam Electricity

Grade 1

Grade 2

Grade 3

Grade 4

Grade 5

0.0%

2.0%

4.0%

6.0%

Peak load percentage savingGrade

1Grade

2Grade

3Grade

4Grade

5-200

0

200

400

600

800

Mid-rise prototype High-rise prototype

Conclusions

Improved appliance efficiency will make a building

• use more steam for space heating

• use less electricity for space cooling

• reduce peak load;

• cut the overall energy cost.

Acknowledgements

• Dr. Lynn Maguire• Stanback Fellowship Program• Rocky Mountain Institute Built Environment

Team (Kendra Tupper, Caroline Fluhrer…)• Nicholas School (thanks everyone!)• Family and friends

Questions?