Editor Naina Shah [email protected]Head Offices: WATER TODAY Pvt. Ltd. 3d, III Floor Bhagheeratha Residency, 124, Marshall’s Road, Egmore, Chennai - 600 008, TN, India Tel : +91 - 44 - 42916900 Fax : +91 - 44 - 42147898 Email : [email protected]Web: www.watertoday.org Resident Editor Hemlatha Govindaraj [email protected]Senior Designer N. Sirajudeen [email protected]Submissions We inspire and encourage perspective authors to write articles, case studies, technical papers and application stories on water and wastewater industry and follow Water Today’s Author’s guidelines before submitting manuscripts. Write to us at [email protected]to obtain Author’s Guideline. Regional Offices: C - Wing 201, 2nd Floor, Kohinoor Apartments, Ranade Road, Dadar West Mumbai - 400028, Maharashtra, India Circulation [email protected]Advertisement & Sales [email protected]Corporate offices and academic institutions looking to order for bulk subscriptions, please contact us on +91 44 4291 6900 or write to us at [email protected]Reprint & Permissions All rights reserved. Without the written permission of the publisher, reproduction / republishing / reprinting of this magazine, in whole or in part, are strictly prohibited. To acquire permission write to [email protected]The Publishers and the Editors do not necessarily, individually or collectively, identify themselves with the views expressed in this magazine. The views expressed are those of the authors only. The Magazine also does not claim any responsibility for information contained in the advertisements. The magazine assumes no liability or accountability of any kind in connection with the information thereof. Masthead UNITING THE VIBRANT WORLD OF WATER - TO PROVIDE A PROACTIVE PLATFORM FOR THE WATER INDUSTRY TO CONVERGE AND WORK TOGETHER IN ACHIEVING SOLUTIONS TO GLOBAL WATER PROBLEMS. Printed & Published by S. Shanmugam on behalf of WATER TODAY PVT. LTD. Printed at Dawood Graphics, No. 63, Muthu Street, Royapettah, Chennai – 600014, Tamil Nadu, India. Published at 3D, III rd Floor Bhagheeratha Residency, 124, Marshall’s Road, Egmore, Chennai - 600 008 Tamil Nadu, India
All rights reserved. Without the written permission of the publisher, reproduction /
republishing / reprinting of this magazine, in whole or in part, are strictly prohibited. To acquire permission write to [email protected]
The Publishers and the Editors do not necessarily, individually or collectively, identify themselves with the views expressed in this magazine. The views expressedare those of the authors only. The Magazine also does not claim any responsibility for information contained
in the advertisements. The magazine assumes no liability or accountability of any kind in connection with the information thereof.
Masthead
UNITING THE VIBRANT WORLD OF WATER - TO PROVIDE A PROACTIVE PLATFORM FOR THE WATER INDUSTRY TO CONVERGE AND WORK TOGETHER IN ACHIEVING SOLUTIONS TO GLOBAL WATER PROBLEMS.
Printed & Published by S. Shanmugam on behalf of WATER TODAY PVT. LTD.
Printed at Dawood Graphics, No. 63, Muthu Street, Royapettah, Chennai – 600014, Tamil Nadu, India.
Published at 3D, IIIrd Floor Bhagheeratha Residency, 124, Marshall’s Road, Egmore, Chennai - 600 008
Tamil Nadu, India
C O N T E N T S
Wastewater Treatment of Toluene Di-iso- Cynate (TDI) Effluent..22
Wastewater management is a viable option to fulfil the ever increasing demand for clean water. This article discusses
Wastewater Treatment of Toluene Di-iso- Cynate (TDI) effluent.Read on…
By Dr. Vijay Kaluskar
Design Vis-a-Vis O&M Issues in Treatment Plants.....30
Design is the predisposing factor of any treatment plant in order to achieve the intended results. Read on…
By Er Dr S Saktheeswaran and Er Dr S Sundaramoorthy
New & Necessary Trends in Design of STP, ETP& WTP.......34Water treatment and reuse policy ought to undergo positive
change for betterment to yield more and more quantity of water being reused. Read on...
By Dr. Harshvardhan Modak
Design and O&M Techniques in ETP, STP, WTP & WWTP......42
The article gives an overview of the Design and O&M Techniques in ETP, STP, WTP & WWTP.
By Dr. N. R. Nimkar
Operation & Maintenance of STP An Engineering View......48This article discusses the importance of basic design and engineering requirement to set up the STP. By Shailendra Kumar Yadav, Kanagaraj R & Vinitha M
Common Overlooked Issues of a Common Effluent Treatment Plants in India.............62The article discusses some of the common issues related to planning, O&M and surveillance of CETP which collectively becomes the major issue for treatment efficiency compliance.By Arvind Kumar Jha, Prasoon Gargava and B.R. Naidu
Asset Performance Management & Operations Optimization.......70Modern industrial companies need a data analytics and operations-driven approach to their businesses. Thisapproach allows them to collect and deliver the right data, from the right end points, in the right velocityand quantity to a wide set of well-designed analytics.By Arvind By Soumitra Banerjee
Masthead ....................................4
Water Wire.................................10
Launch Pad................................14
Event Zone.................................16
Product Zone.............................20
Editorial Calendar.....................101
Subscription Form....................102
Classifieds...........................103
Ad.Index................................108
Editor’s Note.............................110
RE
GU
LA
RS
Design and O&M Technique in different Water & Wastewater
Facilities.........86By Avrajit Bhattacharjya
Designing a WWT Facility Where to Begin & How to Follow
Through!.............82The article is intended to include a variety of
considerations designing a wastewater treatment facility that will operate to discharge consistent compliant treated
wastewater over an extended period of time.By Daniel L. Theobald
Value Addition in O&M of Water and WWTP........92
By Joseph Susai Prakash
Successful Modification, Maintenance and Stabilization of ETP Operations for Pharmaceutical Bulk Drug Manufacturing Unit....96By Sudip Chandra, Vishal Dethe, Sagar Dumbre & Rachel Fernandes
Accurate Flow Measurement for Drinking Water, Wastewater & Industrial Applications....98By Toshniwal Hyvac Pvt Ltd
C O N T E N T S
Designing a Wastewater Treatment FacilityWhere to Begin & How to Follow Through!
By Daniel L. Theobald
In this first series of Back to Fundamentals section, the article focusses on a variety of considerations designing a wastewater treatment facility that will operate to discharge consistent compliant treated wastewater over an extended period of time. This generic presentation utilizes my extended number of years of experience designing wastewater treatment facilities using these procedures below:
Project Details
• Requirements of Facility Design
• Data & Information Gathering
• Facility Design Layout and Capacity
Requirements of Facility Design:
Design Municipal Wastewater Treatment Facilities:
To begin a facility design, the first requirement is to determine the type of wastewater treatment facility - is this facility for treating municipal wastewater or industrial wastewater?
Some obvious variations between municipal wastewater facilities and industrial wastewater facilities is a volume. That is, municipal facilities often treat millions of gallons of water each day and industrial facilities often treat thousands of gallons of water each day. Therefore, municipal treatment plants will almost always be located outside requiring all lot of property, a large footprint.
Consequently, tank sizes are quite large along with pumps and pipes which are also quite large. The type of wastewater treatment requires many days contact time therefore tanks sizes will be based on volume and contact time making the tanks even larger and the foot print requirements are also affected by the number of wastewater treatment processes. More wastewater treatment processes require more wastewater treatment process units. In addition to all of this, municipal wastewater treatment plants typically are sized to accommodate a wide range of volume of water.
This is the first article in a
series of Back to Fundamentals section on water
& wastewater treatment facility!
The article is intended to include a variety of considerations designing a wastewater treatment facility that will operate to discharge consistent compliant treated wastewater over an extended period of time.
82 Water Today l September 2015
For example, rain can increase the volume through a municipal wastewater treatment plant requiring flexibility to bring online additional process units; standby secondary treatment process units.
Requirements for designing industrial wastewater treatment facilities can be much different than requirements for designing municipal wastewater treatment facilities. Thus, industrial wastewater treatment facilities are dependent upon the specifics of the industrial process. For example, a wastewater treatment facility at a pulp and paper manufacturer will have much different wastewater treatment requirements then say a metal plating operation. Another major consideration for designing industrial wastewater treatment facilities is the requirements of the receiving stream.
So for example, if industrial wastewater is being discharged into an environmental stream the requirements for designing and treating industrial wastewater will be much more stringent than requirements for treating the wastewater if discharge is into a sewer Authority collection system. Another important consideration designing industrial wastewater treatment facilities is the makeup of the pollutants within the wastewater.
Low concentrations of pollutions or the presence of certain pollutants in industrial wastewater treatment plants can be hazardous which requires very specific and rigorous treatment processes. Another important consideration is the treatment quality required to discharge into environmental stream as compared to the quality of treatment required to discharge into a sewer Authority collection system.
In general, if the wastewater is discharged into sewer Authority collection system the facility is recognized as a pre-treatment facility because the sewer Authority will finish treating the wastewater to satisfy requirements for discharge into environmental streams.
Data & Information Gathering:
Design Municipal Wastewater Treatment Facilities:
Gathering information for designing a municipal wastewater treatment facility requires considering not only current conditions but also expected upcoming conditions in future years. For example, look at the number of the population currently in your area and look at the expected population in future years.
Also consider the makeup of the population recognizing the portion of residence, the portion of commercial and the portion of industry; both in current conditions and also in future expectations.
It is also necessary to consider discharge permit regulations of the current discharge permit limit requirements and consider changes in future years of Discharge Permit Regulations.
Gathering data and information to design and industrial wastewater treatment facility can be very time intensive and span over an extend period of time.
One of the important considerations is to have a representative volume of wastewater for treatment in the data collection process and to also collect a representative make up of wastewater to adequately design a wastewater treatment facility.One of the important considerations is to understand the worst circumstance to be treated and to understand the greatest volume of wastewater to be treated.
To overlook these important considerations could contribute to a wastewater treatment facility unable to handle the volume of wastewater and also could contribute to an industrial wastewater treatment plant being unable to treat the amounts of contaminants in the wastewater. It is also important to understand all of the variations which will allow to include the appropriate type of process units and the appropriate volume and size of the necessary process units.
It is also important to collect a minimum amount of samples for analysis to understand the categorical requirements for treatment to ignore or eliminate some of those variables could cause the treatment facility to be incomplete or inadequate upper treatment requirements.
Facility Design Layout and Capacity:
Wastewater Treatment Facilities:
Facility design needs to take into consideration the amount of the type of solids in the incoming untreated wastewater.
Obviously if there are heavy solids they should be separated before treatment and if there are small solids they should be screened before treatment.
Water Today l September 2015 83
So it’s very important to recognize the presence of these solids will interfere with the treatment process and therefore should be removed before any other subsequent process is undertaken.
Facility layout is very critical in the design of wastewater treatment plant so for example if there are variations in incoming waste, equalization is extremely useful.
One thing that Equalization will do, is that it will allow for wastewater to equalize instead of using chemicals.
For example, if you have certain waste sources with high pH and other waste sources with low pH, equalization could allow high pH wastewater and low pH wastewater to neutralize by mixing before treatment. Same thing is true with other waste.
For example, you may have high concentrations of certain contaminants in some incoming way streams and low concentration of the same contaminants in other waste stream sources and equalization would allow to equalize the concentration in each gallon of wastewater in the equalization tank.
The other benefit of Equalization is that if some waste sources have concentrations of a particular contaminant and other waste sources has no concentrations of the same content, equalization would allow to equalize every gallon to have less concentration of the containment than the waste with the high concentrations.Equalization is also useful for establishing flow control for wastewater treatment. So after solids removal and equalization has occurred, often times pH adjustment is required next so it’s important to understand the ranges of incoming wastewater pH’s and establish the necessary chemicals pumps and instrumentation to adjust the pH that accommodates optimum wastewater
treatment. It’s it is also important to understand that required physical chemical treatment occurs first, so usually solids separation occurs after addition of pH control chemicals and necessary coagulants, followed by any required flocculants.
Settle-able solids are removed in a Primary Clarifier and Floatable solids are removed in a Dissolved Air Floatation unit. Secondary or biological treatment will occur after the necessary pretreatment and primary treatment. Biological treatment type will depend upon the makeup of the waste and the requirements for discharge.
Biological treatment could include activated sludge systems, biological contact towers commonly referred to as trickling filters, also bio contact media.
Each of these biological process units may have their own solids separation process unit/secondary clarifier and depending on the discharge, whether it’s going to a sewer Authority collection system or discharged into environmental stream, disinfection may be required. This first in a series of educational articles covers certain considerations designing wastewater treatment plants.
Daniel L. Theobald is “Wastewater Dan,” Proprietor of Environmental Services. He is a professional wastewater and safety consultant/trainer with more
than 24 years of hands-on industry experience operating many variants of wastewater treatment processing units and is eager to share with others his knowledge about water conservation. Wastewater Dan can be reached at [email protected] or www.Conserve-On-Water.com
