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Mastigophora(flagellates)

By: Kevin Matthew S. Zabalerio BSMT IIIA

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MastigophoraMastigophora is a division of single-celled

protozoans which are capable of self-propelled

movement through the motion of one or several

flagella.There are approximately 1,500 species of

Mastigophora. ( most common Giardia

intestinalis) 

 Some mastigophora are able to extend their

interior contents (that is known as cytoplasm )

outward in an arm-like protrusion called

pseudopodia, are temporary structures that

serve to entrap and direct food into the

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Mastigophora 

Mastigophora replicate typically by theinternal duplication of their contents flowed

by a splitting of the microbes to form two

daughter cells in a process called binary

fission.

 Some mastigophora can reproduce

sexually by combining genetic material from

two mastigophora in a process which isreferred to as syngamy (the fusion of two

cells, or of their nuclei, in reproduction).

Some mastigophora are parasites.

 Habitat include fresh and marine waters 

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Enteromonas

hominis Shed in feces Infection occurs after the ingestion of

cysts in fecal-contaminated food or

water, or on fomites (inanimate objectsor substances capable of transferringpathogens).

 Resides in the large intestine, where

it is regarded as a commensal(benefiting from its host but doing noharm) and is not known to cause

disease.

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Diagnosis

Enteromonas hominis is identifiedthrough the detection of cysts and/ortrophozoites in stool specimens.Identification is best accomplished by

direct wet mounts that reveal thecharacteristic, jerky movement of theorganisms. They may also be

identified in permanent stainedsmears, although their affinities forstain are inconsistent and with theirsmall size are often overlooked.

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Enteromonas hominis 

 Should be considered as anoccasional pathogen

 Rarely to cause persistent abdominal

cramps and diarrhea coincidinginfection with other pathogens

 Treatment with metronidazole

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Treatment

 As this species is considerednonpathogenic, there are no treatment

recommendations for this organism.

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Trophozoite of Enteromonas hominis in a

stool specimen stained with Trichrome.

Size trophozoite: 4 - 10 microns

Cyst of E. hominis in a stool specimen stained

with Trichrome. In this focal plane, three of four

nuclei are visible.

Size cyst: 6 - 8 microns

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Both cysts andtrophozoitesof Enteromonashominis are shed infeces . Infection

occurs after theingestion of cysts infecal-contaminatedfood or water, or onfomites . In thelarge (and possiblysmall) intestine,

excystation releasestrophozoites. Enteromonas resides inthe large intestine,where it is regardedas a commensal andis not known tocause disease. 

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