Mat Piping Components

Piping Piping Components Components

Presented by – Kundan Kumar (Piping Speciality)

An Overview OfAn Overview Of

The term piping refers to the overall network of various components used to measure, control, condition, and convey fluids.

Piping components: Pipe Fittings Flanges Valves Gaskets Fasteners Special Components

Piping ComponentsPiping Components


Codes and StandardsCodes and Standards

CODES

DESCRIPTION ASME SPEC NUMBER

Code for Power Piping. ASME B31.1

Process Piping ASME B31.3

Code for Liquid Transportation Systems ASME B31.4

Code for Gas Transmission and Distribution Systems ASME B31.8


Codes and StandardsCodes and StandardsSTANDARDS

DESCRIPTION ASME SPEC NUMBER

Welded and seamless wrought Steel pipes. ASME B36.10M

Welded and seamless wrought Stainless Steel pipes. ASME B36.19M

Pipe Flanges and Flanged Fittings ASME B16.5

Factory made Wrought Steel Butt-Welding Fittings. ASME B16.9

Face-to-Face and End-to-End Dimensions of Valves ASME B16.10

Forged Steel Fittings, Socket Welding and Threaded. ASME B16.11

Metallic Gaskets for Pipe Flanges – Ring-Joint, Spiral-Wound, and Jacketed ASME B16.20

Non-Metallic Flat Gaskets for Pipe Flanges ASME B16.21

Buttwelding Ends ASME B16.25

Valves – Flanged, Threaded and Welding End ASME B16.34

Orifice Flanges. ASME B16.36

Large Diameter Steel Flanges ASME B16.47

Steel Line Blanks ASME B16.48

Square and Hex. Bolts and Screws (Inch Series). ASME B18.2.1

Square and Hex. Nuts (Inch Series). ASME B18.2.2


Concept of Schedule in Piping Components.Concept of Schedule in Piping Components.

Schedule denotes the required Wall thickness for any given Pipe, Fitting and Flange. Please ref “Table-I” for Standard Schedule.



Pipe Elbows Tees (Equal and Red.) Lateral (Equal and Red.) End Caps Reducers Stub end Couplings Flanges Olet fittings Nipple

Plugs Swage nipples Spectacle blinds and

spacers Studs Gaskets Valves Piping Specials

List Of Piping ComponentsList Of Piping Components


PipesPipes Closed annular circular cross sectional conduit used to convey fluid Closed annular circular cross sectional conduit used to convey fluid

is known as pipe.is known as pipe. The size of all pipe is identified by the nominal pipe size (NPS)The size of all pipe is identified by the nominal pipe size (NPS) the outside diameters of tubes are numerically identical to the size the outside diameters of tubes are numerically identical to the size

number for all sizesnumber for all sizes

Up to and including size 12 inch the outside diameter is more than the Up to and including size 12 inch the outside diameter is more than the size designator. size designator.

Outside diameter of NPS 14 and larger pipe is the same as the size Outside diameter of NPS 14 and larger pipe is the same as the size designator in inchesdesignator in inches

Prevalent Piping SpecificationsPrevalent Piping Specifications



Fittings – NipplesFittings – Nipples

Basically these are straight pipe lengths cut in fixed lengths as specifiedBasically these are straight pipe lengths cut in fixed lengths as specifiedBy purchaser (75mm, 100mm, 200mm Long) with different end connectionsBy purchaser (75mm, 100mm, 200mm Long) with different end connections

End Connections are:- Plain Both Ends (PBE) Both Threaded Ends (BTE) One end Plain other end

Threaded (POExTOE)


Fittings - 90 Deg ElbowFittings - 90 Deg Elbow Enables the pipe run to be turned through a Right Angle Radius of Enables the pipe run to be turned through a Right Angle Radius of

1.5 times nominal pipe size.1.5 times nominal pipe size.

Butt WeldedButt Welded Socket WeldedSocket Welded Threaded Threaded


Fittings - 45 Deg ElbowFittings - 45 Deg Elbow Enables the pipe run to be turned through 45 Deg, Radius of 1.5 Enables the pipe run to be turned through 45 Deg, Radius of 1.5

times nominal pipe size.times nominal pipe size.



Fittings - CapsFittings - Caps Used to blank off at the END of Pipe Work.Used to blank off at the END of Pipe Work.



Fittings – Concentric Reducer and Swage NippleFittings – Concentric Reducer and Swage Nipple Used to Connect Pipes with two different diameters. No change in line Elevation.Used to Connect Pipes with two different diameters. No change in line Elevation.

Butt Welded ReducerButt Welded Reducer Swage NippleSwage Nipple Threaded Swage NippleThreaded Swage Nipple


Fittings – Eccentric Reducer and Swage NippleFittings – Eccentric Reducer and Swage Nipple Used to Connect Pipes with two different diameters. Has one side straight allowing the pipe Used to Connect Pipes with two different diameters. Has one side straight allowing the pipe

run to stay flat changing the elevation and is preferred for some specific cases.run to stay flat changing the elevation and is preferred for some specific cases.

Butt Welded ReducerButt Welded Reducer Swage NippleSwage Nipple Threaded Swage NippleThreaded Swage Nipple


Fittings – Stub EndFittings – Stub End Stub Ends are welded to Pipe with a CS backing Flange. Mainly used for Cost Reduction. Stub Ends are welded to Pipe with a CS backing Flange. Mainly used for Cost Reduction.

Stub EndStub End


Fittings – Full CouplingFittings – Full Coupling It is used to connect two components which have plain or threaded end connection. It is It is used to connect two components which have plain or threaded end connection. It is

used as an inline fitting. used as an inline fitting.

Socket weldedSocket welded ThreadedThreaded


Branch Fittings - Equal TEEBranch Fittings - Equal TEE Allows connection of a branch at Right Angles from Main Pipe Allows connection of a branch at Right Angles from Main Pipe

Header. Branch size has same dimensions as Main Pipe Header.Header. Branch size has same dimensions as Main Pipe Header.



Branch Fittings - Reducing TEEBranch Fittings - Reducing TEE Allows connection of a branch at Right Angles from Main Pipe Allows connection of a branch at Right Angles from Main Pipe

Header. Branch size has same dimensions as Main Pipe Header.Header. Branch size has same dimensions as Main Pipe Header.



Branch Fittings – Half CouplingBranch Fittings – Half Coupling Allows to take a reducing branch connection from a Main Pipe Header. Allows to take a reducing branch connection from a Main Pipe Header.

The Connection of a branch is at Right Angles from Main Pipe HeaderThe Connection of a branch is at Right Angles from Main Pipe Header

Socket WeldedSocket Welded Threaded Threaded


Branch Fittings – Olets Branch Fittings – Olets Allows to take a self reinforced reducing branch connection from a Main Header.Allows to take a self reinforced reducing branch connection from a Main Header.

Various types of Olets available are listed below:-Various types of Olets available are listed below:-

SOCKOLET

WELDOLET

ENDDOLET

ELBOLET

THREADOLET

LATROLET

NIPPOLET


Branch Fittings – SockoletBranch Fittings – Sockolet

Allows to take a self reinforced reducing branch Allows to take a self reinforced reducing branch connection from a Main Header, the branch connection connection from a Main Header, the branch connection will be of Socket welded typewill be of Socket welded type


Branch Fittings – WeldoletBranch Fittings – Weldolet

Allows to take a self reinforced reducing branch Allows to take a self reinforced reducing branch connection from a Main Header, the branch connection connection from a Main Header, the branch connection will be of Butt welded typewill be of Butt welded type


Branch Fittings – ElboletBranch Fittings – Elbolet

Allows to take a self reinforced reducing branch Allows to take a self reinforced reducing branch connection from a Elbow of Main Header, the branch connection connection from a Elbow of Main Header, the branch connection Can be Butt or Socket welded Or Threaded type.Can be Butt or Socket welded Or Threaded type.

Socket WeldedSocket WeldedThreadedThreadedButt WeldedButt Welded


Branch Fittings – ThreadoletBranch Fittings – Threadolet

Allows to take a self reinforced reducing branch Allows to take a self reinforced reducing branch connection from a Main Header, the branch connection connection from a Main Header, the branch connection will be of Threaded typewill be of Threaded type


Branch Fittings – LatroletBranch Fittings – Latrolet

Allows to take a self reinforced reducing branch Allows to take a self reinforced reducing branch connection from a Main Header at a 45 deg angle, the branch connection connection from a Main Header at a 45 deg angle, the branch connection Can be Butt or Socket welded Or Threaded type.Can be Butt or Socket welded Or Threaded type.

Socket WeldedSocket WeldedThreadedThreadedButt WeldedButt Welded


Flange Flange Flange Joints are used where joints need to be detached frequently due to maintenance or any other means. Flange joints are to be Flange Joints are used where joints need to be detached frequently due to maintenance or any other means. Flange joints are to be used always in pairs and are hold together by Bolts with proper Gaskets installed between the two flange facing. Various types of flange used always in pairs and are hold together by Bolts with proper Gaskets installed between the two flange facing. Various types of flange are being used in engineering. are being used in engineering.

Types of Flange used in Engineering:-Types of Flange used in Engineering:-

Weld neck Flanges

Socket Weld Flanges

Lap Joint Flanges

Ring Joint Flanges

Tongue and Groove Joint Flanges

Slip-On Flanges

Threaded Flanges

Blind Flanges


Flanges – Weld NeckFlanges – Weld Neck

Weld neck Flanges are drilled (machined) with the wall Weld neck Flanges are drilled (machined) with the wall thickness of the flange having the same dimensions of thickness of the flange having the same dimensions of the matching pipe. The lighter the pipe is, the larger the the matching pipe. The lighter the pipe is, the larger the bore, conversely, the heavier the pipe, the smaller the bore, conversely, the heavier the pipe, the smaller the bore. They are normally used for high-pressure, cold or bore. They are normally used for high-pressure, cold or hot temperature. The Welding End of the flange is hot temperature. The Welding End of the flange is joined to the piping by Butt welding.joined to the piping by Butt welding.


Flanges – Slip-OnFlanges – Slip-OnA Slip-on Flange is bored slightly larger than the outer Diameter of A Slip-on Flange is bored slightly larger than the outer Diameter of the matching pipe. The pipe slips into the flange prior to welding, the matching pipe. The pipe slips into the flange prior to welding, Welding is done from both inside and outside to prevent leaks.Welding is done from both inside and outside to prevent leaks.


Flanges – Socket WeldFlanges – Socket WeldThis flange is similar to slip-on flange, except the bore and a This flange is similar to slip-on flange, except the bore and a counter bore. The counter bore is slightly larger than the Outer counter bore. The counter bore is slightly larger than the Outer Diameter of the matching pipe, allowing the pipe to be inserted. A Diameter of the matching pipe, allowing the pipe to be inserted. A restriction is built into the bottom of the bore, which acts as a restriction is built into the bottom of the bore, which acts as a shoulder for the pipe to rest on, and has the same ID of matching shoulder for the pipe to rest on, and has the same ID of matching pipe. The flow is not restricted in any direction. The Welding End pipe. The flow is not restricted in any direction. The Welding End of the flange is joined to the piping by Socket welding.of the flange is joined to the piping by Socket welding.


Flanges – Lap JointFlanges – Lap JointLap Joint Flanges are similar to slip-on flanges, the difference is it Lap Joint Flanges are similar to slip-on flanges, the difference is it has a curved radius at the bore and face to accommodate a lap has a curved radius at the bore and face to accommodate a lap joint stub end. The lap joint flange and stub end assembly are joint stub end. The lap joint flange and stub end assembly are normally used for cost reduction.normally used for cost reduction.


Flanges – ThreadedFlanges – ThreadedThis flange is similar to Socket weld flange, except the bore is This flange is similar to Socket weld flange, except the bore is threaded (Female threaded). Component joining this flange should threaded (Female threaded). Component joining this flange should have a male thread for installation. have a male thread for installation.


Flanges – BlindFlanges – BlindThis is used to Close the End of a Flanged Piping or Nozzle This is used to Close the End of a Flanged Piping or Nozzle


Flange – Ring Type Flange – Ring Type This type of flanges will have a groove on both the matching This type of flanges will have a groove on both the matching surface in which a ring gasket will be used for sealing. These surface in which a ring gasket will be used for sealing. These Flanges are normally used in High Pressure systems.Flanges are normally used in High Pressure systems.


Flange – Tongue and Groove Type Flange – Tongue and Groove Type This type of flanges will have a groove on one flange surface and This type of flanges will have a groove on one flange surface and on the Other flange it will have a projection on the surface to on the Other flange it will have a projection on the surface to match the groove and a proper Seal shall be installed for Bolting. match the groove and a proper Seal shall be installed for Bolting. These Flanges are normally used in High Pressure systems.These Flanges are normally used in High Pressure systems.


Flanges – OrificeFlanges – OrificeThis is similar to the Weld Neck Flange with additional tapings on This is similar to the Weld Neck Flange with additional tapings on the Flange thickness. These tapings are used for Instrument the Flange thickness. These tapings are used for Instrument connections. The number of taps (2 at 180 deg apart OR 4 at 90 connections. The number of taps (2 at 180 deg apart OR 4 at 90 deg apart) needs to be specified by purchaser depending on the deg apart) needs to be specified by purchaser depending on the process requirement.process requirement.


Spectacle BlindSpectacle BlindThis is also know as FIG 8. These are used for Positive Isolation. This is also know as FIG 8. These are used for Positive Isolation. For Larger size depending on pressure Rating the spectacle For Larger size depending on pressure Rating the spectacle blinds are made in to two different components SPACER and blinds are made in to two different components SPACER and BLIND.BLIND.

FIG 8FIG 8

BLINDBLIND

SPACERSPACER


Typical Joints Used for inter connecting piping componentsTypical Joints Used for inter connecting piping components

Bell And Spigot JointBell And Spigot Joint

Butt Welded JointButt Welded Joint Socket Welded JointSocket Welded Joint

Threaded JointThreaded JointFlanged JointFlanged Joint

SAMSUNG ENGINEERING INDIA P LTD.An Overview of Piping Material Specification

Valves:

Type Purpose

Gate On / Off

Globe Throttle / Regulation

Check Restrict flow in one direction

Butterfly On / Off / Regulation

Ball On / Off

Standard Gate Valve Part List: API 600



Valve Trim Material, Temperature Limits (Fahrenheit, Only for guidance)


Trim Material Characteristics (Only for guidance)

Gate Valve Ball Valve


Butterfly Valve

Swing Check Valve

Dual Plate Check Valve

Piping SpecialsThese are used to accomplish specialized functions in piping systems:

Item Purpose

Strainers to control solid particle size in the media

Steam Traps to remove condensate from steam lines

Air Traps to remove moisture from air lines

Flame Arrestors to prevent propagation of fire into equipments

Sight Glasses to provide visibility to flow

Vent Silencers to reduce noise level

Hoses to provide flexible connections in piping system

Sample Coolers to facilitate sample collection

Valve Interlocks to ensure operating sequence of valve systems



Flame Arrestor Sight Glass Sample Cooler


Thermodynamic Ball Float Bimetallic Inverted Bucket

some of the common types of steam traps


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