Materials for Electrochemical Energy Storage and...

Materials for ElectrochemicalEnergy Storage and

Conversion n—Batteries,Capacitors and Fuel Cells

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Cambridge University Press978-1-107-41351-1 - Materials Research Society Symposium Proceedings: Volume 496:Materials for Electrochemical Energy Storage and Conversion II—Batteries,Capacitors and Fuel CellsEditors: David S. Ginley, Daniel H. Doughty, Bruno Scrosati, Tsutomu Takamuraand Zhengming (John) ZhangFrontmatterMore information

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MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETYSYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS VOLUME 4 9 6

Materials for ElectrochemicalEnergy Storage and

Conversion II—Batteries,Capacitors and Fuel Cells

Symposium held December 1-5,1997, Boston, Massachusetts, U.S.A.

EDITORS:

David S. GinleyNational Renewable Energy Laboratory

Golden, Colorado, U.S.A.

Daniel H. DoughtySandia National Laboratories

Albuquerque, New Mexico, U.S.A.

Bruno ScrosatiUniversity "La Sapienza" Rome

Rome, Italy

Tsutomu TakamuraPetoca,Ltd.

Tokyo, Japan.

Zhengming (John) ZhangCelgard LLC, Hoecht Group

Charlotte, North Carolina, U.S.A.

IMTR1S1Materials Research Society

Warrendale, Pennsylvania






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CONTENTS

Preface xv

Acknowledgments xvii

Materials Research Society Symposium Proceedings xviii

PARTI: GENERAL SECTION: RECHARGEABLE BATTERIES

'Advances in Battery Technologies and Markets - MaterialsScience Aspects 3

A.J. Salkind

*Polyacene (PAS) Batteries 15Shizukuni Yata, Kazuyoshi Tanaka, and Tokio Yamabe

'Mechanisms Causing Capacity Loss on Long-TermStorage in NiMH System 25

D. Singh, T. Wu, M. Wendling, P. Bendale, J. Ware, D. Ritter,and L. Zhang

Benefits of Rapid Solidification Processing of ModifiedLaNi5 Alloys by High-Pressure Gas Atomization for BatteryApplications 37

I.E. Anderson, V.K. Pecharsky, J. Ting, C. Witham, and R.C. Bowman

Influence of Carbon Structure and Physical Properties onthe Corrosion Behavior in Carbon-Based Air Electrodes forZinc Air Batteries 43

M. Heal Golovin, Irena Kuznetsov, Iyi Atijosan, Lawrence A. Tinker,and Christopher S. Pedicini

Variation of Stresses Ahead of the Internal Cracks in ReNi5Powders During Hydrogen Charging and Discharging Cycles 51

S.B. Biner

The Corrosion Phenomena in the Coin Cell BR2325 of the"Superstoichiometnc Fluorocarbon-Lithium" System 57

Valentin Pi. Mitkin, Peter S. Gaikin, Tatjana N. Denisova,Oi'ga V. Koreneva, Sergey V. Filatov, Eugene A. Shinelev,Alexander B. Alexandrov, Vladimir L. Afanasiev, Alexander A. Enin,Viktor V. Moukhin, Vladimir V. Rozhkov, and Vladlen V. Telezhkin

PART II: LITHIUM ION RECHARGEABLE BATTERIES - MODELING

'Application of Ab Initio Methods to Secondary LithiumBatteries 65

M.K. Aydinol, A. Van der Ven, and G. Ceder

*lnvited Paper






"First-Principles Theory of Cation and IntercalationOrdering in LixCoO2 77

C. Wolverton and Alex Zunger

Reactions of Lithium With Small Graphene Fragments:Semiempirical Quantum-Chemical Calculations 89

Marko Radosavljevic, Peter Papanek, and John E. Fischer

Computational, Electrochemical, and 7Li NMR Studies ofLithiated Disordered Carbons Electrodes in Lithium Ion Cells 95

O. Sandi, R.E. Gerald, II, L.G. Scanlon, K.A. Carrado, and R.E. Winans

Simulation Studies of Polymer Electrolytes for BatteryApplications 101

J. W. tialley and B. Nielsen

Molecular-Dynamics Study of Lithium Diffusion inLithium-Manganese Spinel Cathode Materials 10?

Randall T. Cygan, Henry R. Westrich, and Daniel H. Doughty

Structure and Electrochemical Potential Simulation for theCathode Material LiuxVaOs 115

R. Benedek, M.M. Thackeray, and L.ti. Yang

Ab Initio Calculation of the UxCoO2 Phase Diagram 121Anton Van der Yen, Mehmet t\. Aydinol, and Gerbrand Ceder

PART III: FUEL CELLS

'Mixed Ionic-Electronic Conduction in Ni-DopedLanthanum Gallate Perovskites 129

N.J. Long and H.L. Tuller

"Carbon and Fluorinated Carbon Materials for Fuel Cells 139D. Wheeler, F. Luczak, R. Fredley, and li. Cipollini

Hydrothermal Synthesis and Properties of Ceria SolidElectrolytes 149

M. Greenblatt, W. Huang, and P. Shuk

Thin-Film Synthesis of Novel Electrode Materials forSolid-Oxide Fuel Cells 155

Alan F. Jankowski and Jeffrey D. Morse

Analysis of Mixtures of Gamma Lithium Aluminate, LithiumAluminum Carbonate Hydroxide Hydrate, and LithiumCarbonate 159

M.T. Tiemeth, R.B. Ford, and T.A. Taylor

Phase Stability of the Mixed-Conducting Sr-Fe-Co-O System 167B. Ma, V. Balachandran, J.P. Hodges, J.D. Jorgensen, D.J. Miller,and J. W. Richardson, Jr.

*lnvited Paper

vi






Crystal Structures of Mixed-Conducting Oxides Present inthe Sr-Fe-Co-O System 173

J.F. Hodges, J.D. Jorgensen, D.J. Miller, B. Ma, U. Balachandran,and J. W. Richardson, Jr.

Application of Eutectic Ceramic Mixtures for theFunctional Components of High-Temperature SOFCs 179

Ch. Qerk and M. Willert-Forada

A Composite Electrolyte for an SOFC Consisting of a CeriaSheet and a Zirconia Film Deposited by the Sol-Gel Method 185

Reiichi Chiba, Fumikatsu Yoshimura, and Junichi Yamaki

Molecular-Dynamic Simulation and Electrical Properties ofBa2ln2O5 193

Masami Kanzaki, Akihiko Yamaji, and Kazuya Kawakami

Dynamics of the Perovskite-Based High-TemperatureProton-Conducting Oxides: Theory and Experiment 199

C. Karmonik, T. Yildirim, T.J. Udovic, J.J. Rush, and R. Hempelmann

New Interconnections for Planar Alloy-Separator SOFCStacks 205

Y-T. Yamazaki, T. Namikawa, T. Ide, M. Oishi, and O. Suzuki

Development of Electrolyte Plate for Molten CarbonateFuel Cell 211

C. Shoji, T. Matsuo, A. Suzuki, and Y. Yamamasu

Novel Proton Exchange Membrane for High-TemperatureFuel Cells 217

M. Bhamidipati, E. Lazaro, F. Lyons, and R.S. Morris

Pulsed Field Gradient NMR Investigation of MolecularMobility of Trimethoxymethane in NAFION Membranes 223

Y. Wu, T.A. Zawodzinski, M.C. Smart, S.G. Greenbaum,G.K.S. Frakash, and G.A. Olah

Accelerated Corrosion of Stainless Steels in the Presenceof Molten Carbonate Below 923 K 231

Ken-ichiro Ota, Katsuya Toda, Naobumi Motohira,and Piobuyuki Kamiya

Preparation of PVWO3 Powders and Thin Coatings onCarbon Black and Metal Supports by the ComplexSol-Gel Process (CSGP) 237

A. Deptula, W. lLada, T. Olczak, B. Sartowska, A. Ciancia, L. Giorgi,and A. Di Bartolomeo

Carbon Composite for a PEM Fuel Cell Bipolar Plate 243T.M. Besmann, J.W. Klett, and T.D. Burchell

VII






Determination of Oxygen Permeation Kinetics in aCeramic Membrane With the Composition SrFeCoo.5O3.25-5 249

S. Kim, Y.L. Yang, R. Christoffersen, and A.J. Jacobson

PART IV: LITHIUM ION RECHARGEABLE BATTERIES - CATHODE MATERIALS

"Novel Synthesis Process and Characterization of Li-Mn-OSpinels for Rechargeable Lithium Batteries 257

Toshimi Takada, Hirotoshi Enoki, Etsuo Akiba, Takenori Ishizu,and Tatsuo Horiba

'Novel Cathode Materials Based on Organic Couples forLithium Batteries 263

n. Ravel C. Michot, and M. Armand

*ln Situ X-ray Characterization of UMn2O4: A Comparisonof Structural and Electrochemical Behavior 275

Mark A. Rodriguez, David Ingersoll, and Daniel H. Doughty

Phase Transition of LiMn2O4 Spinel and Its Application forLithium Ion Secondary Battery 287

Junji Tabuchi, Tatsuji Piumata, Yuichi Shimakawa,and Masato Shirakata

UCOO2 Thin Films Grown by Pulsed Laser Deposition onLow-Cost Substrates 293

D.S. Ginley, J.D. Perkins, J.M. McGraw, P.A. Parilla, M.L. Fu,and C.T. Rogers

Synthesis and Characterization of LiNiO2 as a CathodeMaterial for Pulse Power Batteries 303

M.S. Choe and KM. Abraham

A New Polymer Cathode-Conducting PolymerInterconnected With Sulfur-Sulfur Bonds:Poly(2, 2'-Dithiodianiline) 309

Katsuhiko Tiaoi, Ken-ichi Kawase, Mitsuhiro Mori,and Michiko Komiyama

UMn2-xCuxO4 Spinels - 5 V Cathode Materials 315Yair Ein-Eli, W.F. Howard, Jr., Sharon M. Lu, Sanjeev Mukerjee,James McBreen, John T. Vaughey, and Michael M. Thackeray

Application of Potentially Biodegradable Polyamide andPolyester Containing Disulfide Bonds to Positive ActiveMaterials for Lithium Secondary Batteries 323

M. Tsutsumi, S. Okada, K. Toda, K. Onimura, and T. Oishi

Raman Scattering in UCOO2 Single Crystals and Thin Films 329J.D. Perkins, M.L. Fu, D.M. Trickett, J.M. McGraw, T.F. Ciszek,P.A. Parilla, C.T. Rogers, and D.S. Ginley

*lnvited Paper

VIII






NR Measurements to Study the Reversible Transfer ofLithium Ion in Lithium Titanium Oxide 335

T. Esaka, S. Takai, and M. Kamata

Effects of Microstructure on Oxygen Permeation in SomePerovskite Oxides 341

K. Zhang, Y.L. Yang, A.J. Jacobson, and K. Salama

Synthesis and Preliminary Electrochemical Characterizationof LiNi05Coo502 Powders Obtained by the Complex Sol-GelProcess (CSGP) 347

A. Deptufo, W. Lada, T. Olczak, F. Croce, F. Ronci, A. Ciancia,L. Giorgi, A. Brignocchi, and A. Di Bartolomeo

Silver-Doped Vanadium Oxides as Host Materials forLithium Intercalation 353

F. Coustier, S. Passerini, J. Hill, and W.H. Smyrl

Preparation and Battery Applications of Micron-SizedLi4Ti5Oi2 359

D. Peramunage and K.M. Abraham

Hydrothermal Synthesis and Characterization of a Seriesof Novel Zinc Vanadium Oxides as Cathode Materials 367

Fan Zhang, Peter Y. Zavalij, and M. Stanley Whittingham

Structural Phase Transformations in V2O5 Thin-Film CathodeMaterial for Li Rechargeable Batteries 373

J.M. McGraw, J.D. Perkins, J-G. Zhang, P.A. Parilla, T.F. Ciszek,M.L. Fu, D.M. Trickett, J.A. Turner, and D.S. Ginley

High Performance Vanadium Oxide Thin-Film Electrodesfor Rechargeable Lithium Batteries 379

Ji-Guang Zhang, Ping Liu, C. Edwin Tracy, David K. Benson,and John A. Turner

Electrochemical Li Insertion in Lamellar (Birnessite) andTunnel Manganese Oxides (Todorokite) 385

M.J. Duncan, F. Leroux, and L.F. Tiazar

Lithium Insertion Behavior of Li1+xV3O8 Prepared bySol-Gel Method in Methanol 391

J. Kawakita, Y. Katayama, T. Miura, and T. Kishi

Demonstration of Mixed Metal Oxide Cathode Materialsin Prismatic Li Ion Cells 397

G.M. Ehrlich and R.L. Gitzendanner

Effects of Aluminum Doping on the Phase Stability andElectrochemical Properties of LiCoO2 and LiMnO2 403

Y-I. Jang, B. Huang, H. Wang, Y-M. Chiang, and D.R. Sadoway






High-Density Active-Site MnO2 Nanofibers for EnergyStorage and Conversion Applications 409

T.D. Xiao, D.E. Reisner, and PR. Strutt

Vibrational Spectroscopic Studies of the Local Environmentin 4-Volt Cathode Materials 415

C. Julien, M. Massot, C. Perez-Vicente, E. Haro-Foniatowski,G.A. Tiazri, and A. Rougier

Amorphous and Nanocrystalline Oxide Electrodes forRechargeable Lithium Batteries 421

A. Manthiram, J. Kim, and C. Tsang

X-ray Absorption and NMR Studies of LiNiCoO2 CathodesPrepared by a Particulate Sol-Gel Process 427

S. Kostov, Y. Wang, M.L. denBoer, S. Greenbaum, C.C. Chang,and Prashant N. Kumta

On the Electroanalytical Characterization of LixCoO2,UxNiO2, and LiMn2O4 (Spinel) Electrodes in RepeatedLithium Intercalation-Deintercalation Processes 435

D. Aurbach, M.D. Levi, E. Levi, B. Markovsky, G. Salitra, H. Teller,U. tleider, and L. fieider

PARTV: BATTERY ELECTROLYTES. INTERFACES. AND PASSIVE FILMS

'Thermal Stability of Lithium Ion Battery Electrode Materialsin Organic Electrolytes 445

M.n. Richard and J.R. Dahn

'Effect of HF in LiPF6-Based Electrolytes on the Properties ofSurface Passivation Films Formed on Graphite Electrodesin Li Secondary Batteries 457

T. Sato, M. Deschamps, H. Suzuki, H. Ota, H. Asahina, and S. Mori

Influence of Water and Other Contaminants in ElectrolyteSolutions on Lithium Electrodeposition 463

T. Fujieda, S. Koike, and S. tliguchi

Passive-Film Formation on Methal Substrates in 1MUPF6/EC-DMC Solutions 469

Ronald A. Guidotti and Gerald C. nelson

Application to Lithium Batteries of Ternary SolventElectrolytes With Ethylene Carbonate -1,2-Dimethoxyethane Mixture 477

Y.S. Sasaki, Pi. Yamazaki, and M. Handa

Pyrrole Copolymers With Enhanced Ion Diffusion Rates forLithium Batteries 485

Paul Calvert, Zack Gardlund, Trey tluntoon, U.K. flail,and Anne Padias

*lnvited Paper






Lithium Ion Diffusion Through Glassy Carbon Plate 493M. Inaba, S. Nohmi, A. Funabiki, T. Abe, and Z. Ogumi

Polymer-Oxide Anode Materials 499T.A. Kerr, F. Leroux, and L.F. Tiazar

lonlcally Conducting Glasses With Subambient GlassTransition Temperatures 505

R.E. Dillon and D.F. Shriver

Dry Composite Polymer Electrolytes for Lithium Batteries 511G.B. Appetecchi, F. Croce, Q. Dautzenberg, and B. Scrosati

PART VI: LITHIUM ION RECHARGEABLE BATTERY - ANODE MATERIALS

'Comparison of Carbon and Metal Oxide Anode Materialsfor Rechargeable Li Ion Cells 519

Crli. Huang, J.S. Sakamoto, M.C. Smart, S. Surampudi,andJ. Wolfenstine

Magnetic and Transport Properties of Heat-TreatedPolyparaphenylene-Based Carbons 533

M.J. Matthews, N. Kobayashi, M.S. Dresselhaus, M. Endo, T. Enoki,and T. Karaki

Electrochemical and Spectroscopic Evaluation of LithiumIntercalation in Tailored Polymethacrylonitrile Carbons 539

Kevin R. Zavadil, Ronald A. Guidotti, and William R. Even

New 7Li-NMR Evidence for Lithium Insertion in DisorderedCarbon 545

S. Wang, ti. Matsui, Y. Matsumura, and T. Yamabe

Voltage Hysteresis and Heat Generation Behavior inLithium Ion Batteries 551

Y. Saito, K. Takano, K. Kanari, and K. Tiozaki

A Novel Method for Obtaining a High PerformanceCarbon Anode for Li Ion Secondary Batteries 557

T. Takamura, K. Sumiya, Y. Mishijima, J. Suzuki, and K. Sekine

Local Structure of Ball-Milled Carbons for Lithium IonBatteries: A Pair Distribution Function Analysis 563

A. Claye, P. Zhou, J.E. Fischer, F. Disma, and J-M. Tarascon

Characteristics of Boron-Doped Mesophase Pitch-Based Carbon Fibers as Anode Materials for LithiumSecondary Cells 569

Toshio Tamaki, Toshifumi Kawamura, and Yoshinori Yamazaki

*!nvited Paper






Commercial Cokes and Graphites as Anode Materials forLithium Ion Cells 575

David J. Derwin, Kim Kinoshita, Tri D. Tran, and Peter Zaleski

Electrochemical Properties of Nitrogen-Substituted Carbonand Organofluorine Compounds 581

T. Nakajima, M. Koh, and K. Dan

Recent Studies of Interfacial Phenomena Which Determinethe Electrochemical Behavior of Lithium and LithiatedCarbon Anodes With the Emphasis on In Situ Techniques 587

D. Aurbach, A. Schechter, B. Markovsky, Y. Cohen, I. Weissman,and M. Moshkovich

Low Potential Li Insertion in Transition-Metal Oxides 601F. Leroux and L.F. Tiazar

Effects of Processing Conditions on the Physical andElectrochemical Properties of Carbon Aerogel Composites 607

T.D. Tran, D. Lenz, K. Kinoshita, and M. Droege

Improved Carbon Anode Materials for Lithium Ion Cells 613J. Flynn and C. Marsh

The Effects of Near Surface and Bulk Microstructure onLithium Intercalation of Disordered, "Hard" Carbons 619

William R. Even, Lawrence W. Peng, nancy Yang, Ronald Guidotti,and Thomas tieadley

PART VII: SUPERCAPACITORS

'Electric Double-Layer Capacitor Using Organic Electrolyte 627T. Morimoto, M. Tsushima, M. Suhara, K. tiiratsuka, Y. Sanada,and T. Kawasato

'Strontium Ruthenate Perovskites With High SpecificCapacitance for Use in Electrochemical Capacitors 637

P.M. Wilde, T.J. Guther, R. Oesten, and J. Garche

*High-Surface-Area Metal Carbide and Metal NitrideElectrodes 643

M.R. Wixom, D.J. Tarnowski, J.M. Parker, J.Q. Lee, P-L. Chen, I. Song,and L.T. Thompson

Modification of a Carbon Electrode Surface by ColdPlasma Treatment for Electric Double-Layer Capacitors 655

Masashi Ishikawa, Atsushi Sakamoto, Masayuki Morita,Yoshiharu Matsuda, and Koichi Ishida

Experimental Electrochemical Capacitor Test Results 661R.B. Wright, T.C. Murphy, Susan A. Rogers, and Raymond A. Sutula

Invited Paper

xii






Growth and Electrochemical Characterization of Single-Phase MoxN Films for the Fabrication of Hybrid Double-Layer Capacitors 669

S.L Roberson, D. Evans, D. Finello, and R.F. Davis

Author Index 675

Subject Index 679

XIII











PREFACE

Our energy-hungry world is increasingly relying on new methods to storeand convert energy for portable electronics, as well as new, environmentallyfriendly modes of transportation and electrical energy generation. Theavailability of advanced materials is linked to the commercial success ofimproved power sources such as batteries, fuel cells and capacitors withhigher specific energy and power, longer cycle life and rapid charge/discharge rates.

The symposium "Materials for Electrochemical Energy Storage andConversion II—Batteries, Capacitors and Fuel Cells" was held December 1-5,during the 1997 MRS Fall Meeting in Boston, Massachusetts. The papers wereheavily weighted toward lithium batteries, with half of the 140 paperspresented discussing various aspects of this rapidly advancing technology.In particular, cathode materials were discussed from the aspect of modeling,new synthesis techniques, and processing technology. Ab initio modelingmethods, as well as empirical techniques, were applied to the family oftransition metal oxides and sulfides that gave increased understanding ofphase stability, lithium diffusion and intercalation mechanism. The effect ofdopants on improved capacity retention was explained, and degradationmechanism of capacity loss at elevated temperature was elucidated.

Lithium ion rechargeable battery anode materials were also discussed,emphasizing carbon and the new family of tin oxides with very highcapacity—up to 1000 mAh/g. Intercalation mechanism and Li bonding siteswere the topic of several papers, with new 7Li-NMR techniques identifyingboth reversible and irreversible lithium binding. Coupled with the semi-empirical modeling calculations on carbon, a fuller understanding of carbonanode materials emerged.

Closely related to Li battery materials, the area of supercapacitors hasmade significant progress in the development of improved electrodes andelectrolytes for the rapid charge/discharge cycles required for these devices.Papers on the use of ruthenate perovskites, metal carbide and metal nitridesillustrate some of the novel materials being investigated. Papers describeinnovative approaches leading to successful devices.

Finally, new colloidal deposition techniques and sol-gel processingprocedures are described that enable the fabrication of thin solid-oxide fuelcells. These developments decrease the operating temperature, size andweight of fuel cells, making them more cost competitive.

In all, the results presented at this symposium gave a deeper under-standing of the relationship between synthesis, properties and performanceof power source materials. Substantial progress is evident since the lastsymposium on this topic (MRS Proceedings Volume 393), which gives us anencouraging outlook that further increases in performance are coming in thefuture.

XV






This proceedings volume is organized into six sections highlighting:general papers on a wide variety of rechargeable battery technologies; newapproaches to modeling of Li batteries; advances in fuel-cell technology; newwork on Li battery cathodes; anodes and electrolytes; and work on super-capacitors. We think the volume is an excellent snapshot of the current stateof the art in energy storage and conversion technologies, many of which willmake a significant impact on society.

David S. QinleyDaniel H. DoughtyBruno ScrosatiTsutomu TakamuraZhengming (John) Zhang

February, 1998

XVI






ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

We wish to sincerely thank all of the speakers, authors, and refereesfor their contributions to the success of the symposium and of theseproceedings.

It is our pleasure to acknowledge with gratitude the financial supportprovided for the symposium by: national Renewal Energy Laboratory, SandiaNational Laboratories and the Materials Research Society. Without this help,we could not have successfully organized the symposium or produced theproceeding volume.

We gratefully acknowledge the invaluable assistance of Mrs. Carole Allmanof the national Renewal Energy Laboratory in Golden, Colorado, for herindispensable assistance with the symposium and her diligence and care inassembling this proceedings volume.

Zhengming (John) Zhang acknowledges the great support from SKCAmerica, Inc.

XVII






MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS

Volume 467—Amorphous and Microcrystalline Silicon Technology—1997, M. Hack,E.A. Schiff, S. Wagner, R. Schropp, I. Shimizu, 1997, ISBN: 1-55899-371-1

Volume 468— Gallium nitride and Related Materials II, C.R. Abernathy, H. Amano,J.C. Zolper, 1997, ISBIi: 1-55899-372-X

Volume 469— Defects and Diffusion in Silicon Processing, T. Diaz de la Rubia, S. Coffa,P.A. Stolk, C.S. Rafferty, 1997, ISBN: 1-55899-373-8

Volume 470— Rapid Thermal and Integrated Processing VI, T.J. Riley, J.C. Qelpey,F. Roozeboom, S. Saito, 1998, ISBN: 1-55899-374-6

Volume 471— Flat Panel Display Materials III, R.T. Fulks, Q.N. Parsons, D.E. Slobodin,T.H. Yuzuriha, 1997, ISBN: 1-55899-375-4

Volume 472— Polycrystalline Thin Films—Structure, Texture, Properties and Applications III,S.M. Yalisove, B.L. Adams, J.S. Im, Y. Zhu, F-R. Chen, 1997, ISBN: 1-55899-376-2

Volume 473— Materials Reliability in Microelectronics VII, J.J. Clement, R.R. Keller,K.S. Krisch, J.E. Sanchez, Jr., Z. Suo, 1997, ISBN: 1-55899-377-0

Volume 474— Epitaxial Oxide Thin Films III, D.Q. Schlom, C-B. Eom, M.E. Hawley,CM. Foster, J.S. Speck, 1997, ISBN: 1-55899-378-9

Volume 475— Magnetic Ultrathin Films, Multilayers and Surfaces—1997, J.Q. Tobin,D.D. Chambliss, D. Kubinski, K. Barmak, P. Dederichs, W.J.M. de Jonge,T. Katayama, A. Schuhl, 1997, ISBN: 1-55899-379-7

Volume 476— Low-Dielectric Constant Materials III, C. Case, P. Kohl, T. Kikkawa, W.W. Lee,1998, ISBN: 1-55899-380-0

Volume 477— Science and Technology of Semiconductor Surface Preparation, Q.S. Higashi,M. Hirose, S. Raghavan, S. Verhaverbeke, 1997, ISBN: 1-55899-381-9

Volume 478— Thermoelectric Materials—New Directions and Approaches, T.M. Tritt,M.Q. Kanatzidis, H.B. Lyon, Jr., Q.D. Mahan, 1997, ISBN: 1-55899-382-7

Volume 479— Materials for Optical Limiting II, R. Sutherland, R. Pachter, P. Hood, D. Hagan,K. Lewis, J. Perry, 1997, ISBN: 1-55899- 383-5

Volume 480— Specimen Preparation for Transmission Electron Microscopy of Materials IV,R.M. Anderson, S.D. Walck, 1997, ISBN: 1-55899-384-3

Volume 481— Phase Transformation and Systems Driven Far From Equilibrium, E. Ma,P. Bellon, M. Atzmon, R. Trivedi, 1998, ISBN: 1-55899-386-X

Volume 482— Nitride Semiconductors, F.A. Ponce, S.P. DenBaars, B.K. Meyer, S. Nakamura,S. Strite, 1998, ISBN: 1-55899-387-8

Volume 483— Power Semiconductor Materials and Devices, S.J. Pearton, R.J. Shul,E. Wolfgang, F. Ren, S. Tenconi, 1998, ISBN: 1-55899-388-6

Volume 484— Infrared Applications of Semiconductors II, S. Sivananthan, M.O. Manasreh,R.H. Miles, D.L. McDaniel, Jr., 1998, ISBN: 1-55899-389-4

Volume 485— Thin-Film Structures for Photovoltaics, E.D. Jones, R. Noufi, B.L. Sopori,J. Kalejs, 1998, ISBN: 1-55899-390-8

Volume 486— Materials and Devices for Silicon-Based Optoelectronics, J.E. Cunningham,S. Coffa, A. Polman, R. Soref, 1998, ISBN: 1-55899-391-6

Volume 487— Semiconductors for Room-Temperature Radiation Detector Applications II,R.B. James, T.E. Schlesinger, P. Siffert, M. Cuzin, M. Squillante, W. Dusi,1998, ISBN: 1-55899-392-4






MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS

Volume 488— Electrical, Optical, and Magnetic Properties of Organic Solid-State MaterialsIV, J.R. Reynolds, A. K-Y. Jen, L.R. Dalton, M.F. Rubner, L.Y. Chiang, 1998,ISBN: 1-55899-393-2

Volume 489— Materials Science of the Cell, B. Mulder, V. Vogel, C. Schmidt, 1998,ISBN: 1-55899-394-0

Volume 490— Semiconductor Process and Device Performance Modeling, J.S. Nelson,CD. Wilson, S.T. Dunham, 1998, ISBN: 1-55899-395-9

Volume 491—Tight-Binding Approach to Computational Materials Science, P.E.A. Turchi,A. Qonis, L. Colombo, 1998, ISBN: 1-55899-396-7

Volume 492— Microscopic Simulation of Interfacial Phenomena in Solids and Liquids,S.R. Phillpot, P.D. Bristowe, D.Q. Stroud, J.R. Smith, 1998, ISBN: 1-55899-397-5

Volume 493— Ferroelectric Thin Films VI, R.E. Treece, R.E. Jones, S.B. Desu, CM. Foster,I.K.Yoo, 1998, ISBN: 1-55899-398-3

Volume 494— Science and Technology of Magnetic Oxides, M. Hundley, J. Nickel, R. Ramesh,Y. Tokura, 1998, ISBN: 1-55899-399-1

Volume 495— Chemical Aspects of Electronic Ceramics Processing, P.N. Kumta, A.F. Hepp,D.N. Beach, J.J. Sullivan, B. Arkles, 1998, ISBN: 1-55899-400-9

Volume 496— Materials for Electrochemical Energy Storage and Conversion II—Batteries,Capacitors and Fuel Cells, D.S. Qinley, D.H. Doughty, T. Takamura, Z. Zhang,B. Scrosati, 1998, ISBN: 1-55899-401-7

Volume 497— Recent Advances in Catalytic Materials, N.M. Rodriguez, S.L. Soled, J. Hrbek,1998, ISBN: 1-55899-402-5

Volume 498— Covalently Bonded Disordered Thin-Film Materials, M.P. Siegal, J.E. Jaskie,W. Milne, D. McKenzie, 1998, ISBN: 1-55899-403-3

Volume 499— High-Pressure Materials Research, R.M. Wentzocovitch, R.J. Hemley,W.J. Nellis, P.Y. Yu, 1998, ISBN: 1-55899-404-1

Volume 500—Electrically Based Microstructural Characterization II, R.A. Qerhardt, M.A. Alim,S.R. Taylor, 1998, ISBN: 1-55899-405-X

Volume 501—Surface-Controlled Nanoscale Materials for High-Added-Value Applications,K.E. Qonsalves, M-I. Baraton, J.X. Chen, J.A. Akkara, 1998, ISBN: 1-55899-406-8

Volume 502— In Situ Process Diagnostics and Intelligent Materials Processing,P.A. Rosenthal, W.M. Duncan, J.A. Woollam, 1998, ISBN: 1-55899-407-6

Volume 503— Nondestructive Characterization of Materials in Aging Systems, R.L. Crane,S.P. Shah, R. Gilmore, J.D. Achenbach, P.T. Khuri-Yakub, T.E. Matikas, 1998,ISBN: 1-55899-408-4

Volume 504— Atomistic Mechanisms in Beam Synthesis and Irradiation of Materials,J.C. Barbour, S. Roorda, D. Ila, 1998, ISBN: 1-55899-409-2

Volume 505— Thin-Films—Stresses and Mechanical Properties VII, R.C. Cammarata,E.P. Busso, M. Nastasi, W.C Oliver, 1998, ISBN: 1-55899-410-6

Prior Materials Research Society Symposium Proceedings available by contacting Materials Research Society






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