Materials in Aircraft Construction

8/18/2019 Materials in Aircraft Construction

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MATERIALS IN AIRCRAFTCONSTRUCTION

BY: KANU PRIYA JHANJI & R.AMIT KUMAR

ASST. PROFESSOR

SCHOOL OF AERONAUTICAL SCIENCES

HINDUSTAN UNIVERSITY

CHENNAI


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HINDUSTAN INSTITUTE OFTECHNOLOGY AND SCIENCE

Hindustn C!""#$# !% En$in##in$'#st("is)#d in t)# *# +,-' )s (##n/!n%##d t)# 0Uni1#sit* Sttus0 (* U2C'

2!1#n3#nt !% Indi Und# S#/ti!n 4 !%U2C A/t +,5 6it) t)# n3#0HINDUSTAN INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLO2Y& SCIENCE0 %!3 t)# /d#3i/ *# 788-

9 8,. T)# Visi!n !% HITS is 0TO MAKEEVERY MAN A SUCCESS AND NO MAN AFAILURE0.


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SCHOOL OF AERONAUTICALSCIENCES

STREN2THS & UNIUENESS A/;ui#d H688 C)#t< H#"i/!?t# ?!/u#d %! t#/)in$

?u?!s#s nd d#3!nstti!n C#nt# %! Un3nn#d V#)i/"# S*st#3s Mu"titud# !% @#d nd !t* 6in$ i/%ts Vi#t* !% i/%t #n$in#s F"i$)t si3u"t! Pist!n #n$in# t#st i$ %/i"it* F"i$)t tinin$ %! stud#nts


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SCHOOL OF AERONAUTICALSCIENCES

S/)!!" !% A#!nuti/" S/i#n/#s )sdi1#si@#d n$# !% %/u"ti#s in 1i!usd!3ins !% A#!nuti/" nd A#!s?/#

En$in##in$. It )s $!!d st#n$t) !% stud#nts 6)! #

)i$)"* #nt)usisti/ nd ?ti/i?t# in1i!us t#/)ni/" /!3?#titi!ns


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SCHOOL OF AERONAUTICAL SCIENCESAwards and Achievements


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INTRODUCTION

E"i#' Mi"d St##" 6s t)# 3#t" 6)i/) 6s6id#"* us#d in i/%t /!nstu/ti!n.

It 6s us#d %! @ttin$s' %us#"$#s' (/# stuts%! "ndin$ $#s nd 6in$s' nd 6)##1# #"s# ?i#/# !% 3#t" 6s #;ui#d.

it) t)# d#1#"!?3#nt nd /!3?"#it* in t)#i/%t /!nstu/ti!n 1i!us st##" 6it)s?#/i"i#d ?!?#ti#s 6## d#1#"!?#d nd

uti"i#d. In !d# t! s#"#/t t)# ?!?# st##" %! ?ti/u"

?u?!s#' d#si$n# 3ust (# 6# !% its?!?#ti#s.

SCHOOL OF AERONAUTICAL SCIENCESHINDUSTAN UNIVERSITY' PADUR


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STEEL AND ITS ALLOYS

I% /(!n is dd#d t! i!n' in ?#/#nt$#sn$in$ u? t! ??!i3t#"* + ?#/#nt' t)#?!du/t is 1st"* su?#i! t! i!n "!n# nd is

/"ssi@#d s /(!n st##". C(!n st##" %!3s t)# (s# !% t)!s# ""!*

st##"s ?!du/#d (* /!3(inin$ /(!n st##"6it) !t)# #"#3#nts


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CAR-ON STEELS

Car!%n stee"s # i!n9/(!n ""!*s/!ntinin$ u? t! 7.85 !% /(!n' u? t!+.5 !% 3n$n#s#' u? t! 8. !%

si"i/!n nd su"%u nd ?)!s?)!us si3?uiti#s.

C(!n /!nt#nt in /(!n st##"d#t#3in#s its st#n$t) nd du/ti"it*.

T)# )i$)# /(!n /!nt#nt' t)# )i$)#st##" st#n$t) nd t)# "!6# its du/ti"it*.



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TY/ES OF CAR-ON STEELS

A//!din$ t! t)# st##"s/"ssi@/ti!n t)## # %!""!6in$ $!u?s!% /(!n st##"s:

L%w car!%n stee"s #C 0 1*234& Medi$m car!%n stee"s #C 51*234 t%

1*334&

Hi+h car!%n stee"s #C 6 1*334& T%%" car!%n stee"s #C61*74&



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LO CARBON STEELS MEDIUM CARBON STEELS

L!6 /(!n st##"s CG 8.7

P!?#ti#s: $!!d

%!3(i"it*nd 6#"d(i"it*' "!6st#n$t)' "!6 /!st.

A??"i/ti!ns: d##?

d6in$ ?ts' /)in'?i?#' 6i#' ni"s's!3# 3/)in# ?ts.

M#diu3 /(!n st##"sC 8.7 t! 8. P!?#ti#s:

$!!d t!u$)n#ss nddu/ti"it*' #"ti1#"*$!!d st#n$t)' 3* (#)d#n#d (* ;u#n/)in$

A??"i/ti!ns: !""s'"#s' s/#6s'

/*"ind#s' /n


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HI2H CARBON STEELS TOOL CARBON STEELS

Hi$) /(!n st##"s C 8.

P!?#ti#s: )i$)st#n$t)' )dn#ss

nd 6# #sistn/#'3!d#t# du/ti"it*.

A??"i/ti!ns: !""in$3i""s' !?# 6i#'

s/#6 di1#s')33#s' 6#n/)#s'(nd s6s.

T!!" /(!n st##"sC8.- su($!u? !%)i$) /(!n st##"s

P!?#ti#s: 1#* )i$)st#n$t)' )dn#ss nd

6# #sistn/#' ?!!6#"d(i"it* "!6 du/ti"it*.

A??"i/ti!ns: ?un/)#s's)# ("d#s' s?in$s'

3i""in$ /utt#s'


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DESIGNATION SYSTEM OF CAR-ON STEELS

A3#i/n I!n nd St##" Institut#

AISI t!$#t)# 6it) S!/i#t* !%Aut!3!ti1# En$in##s SAE )1##st("is)#d %!u9di$it 6it)dditi!n" "#tt# ?#@#sd#si$nti!n s*st#3:

SAE 8999

First di+it + indi/t#s /(!nst##" 79, # us#d %! ""!*st##"s

Sec%nd di+it indi/t#s3!di@/ti!n !% t)# st##".

8 9 P"in /(!n' n!n93!di@#d

+ R#9su"%ui#d 7 R#9su"%ui#d nd #9

?)!s?)!i#d 9 N!n9#9su"%ui#d' Mn !1#

+.8 Last tw% di+its indi/t# /(!n

/!n/#ntti!n in 8.8+. E3?"#: SAE +848 3#ns n!n

A "#tt# ?#@ (#%!# t)#%!u9di$it nu3(# indi/t#st)# st##" 3


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/RO/ERTIES OF SOME CAR-ONSTEELS

S*A*E* 8183 : A $"1ni#d in/9/!t#d st##" 6i# is 3d# %!3 t)is3t#i". It is us#d s "!/


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S*A*E* 8123: T)is st##" is /!33!n"* #%##d t!s 3i"d /(!n st##" ! /!"d9 !""#d st!/


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NIC:EL STEELS

T)# 1i!us nic;e" stee"s # ?!du/#d(* /!3(inin$ ni/


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S*A*E* 2


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NIC:EL=CHROMIUM STEEL

Chr%mi$m stee" is )i$) in )dn#ss' st#n$t)' nd /!!si!n#sistnt ?!?#ti#s' nd is ?ti/u""* d?t("# %! )#t9t#t#d %!$in$s 6)i/) #;ui# $#t# t!u$)n#ss nd st#n$t)t)n 3* (# !(tin#d in ?"in /(!n st##". It /n (# us#d %!su/) ti/"#s s t)# (""s nd !""#s !% nti%i/ti!n (#in$s.

Chr%me=nic;e" %r stain"ess stee"s # t)# /!!si!n #sistnt3#t"s. T)# nti/!!si1# d#$## !% t)is st##" is d#t#3in#d (*t)# su%/# /!nditi!n !% t)# 3#t" s 6#"" s (* t)# /!3?!siti!n't#3?#tu#' nd /!n/#ntti!n !% t)# /!!si1# $#nt.

T)# ?in/i?" ""!* !% stin"#ss st##" is /)!3iu3. T)# /!!si!n#sistnt st##" 3!st !%t#n us#d in i/%t /!nstu/ti!n is


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Stain"ess stee" 3* (# !""#d' d6n'

(#nt' ! %!3#d t! n* s)?#. B#/us# t)#s# st##"s #?nd (!ut 8

?#/#nt 3!# t)n 3i"d st##" nd /!ndu/t)#t !n"* (!ut >8 ?#/#nt s ?id"*'

t)#* # 3!# di/u"t t! 6#"d. Stin"#ss st##" /n (# us#d %! "3!st n*

?t !% n i/%t. S!3# !% its /!33!n??"i/ti!ns # in t)# %(i/ti!n !%

#)ust /!""#/t!s' st/


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S*A*E


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THE CHROME=>ANADIUM STEELS

The chr%me=vanadi$m stee"s #3d# !% ??!i3t#"* +- ?#/#nt1ndiu3 nd (!ut + ?#/#nt /)!3iu3.

)#n )#t t#t#d' t)#* )1# st#n$t)'t!u$)n#ss' nd #sistn/# t! 6# nd%ti$u#.

A s?#/i" $d# !% t)is st##" in s)##t %!3

/n (# /!"d %!3#d int! inti/t# s)?#s. It /n (# %!"d#d nd tt#n#d 6it)!ut

si$ns !% (#


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S*A*E* ?831 T)is st##" )s )i$) st#n$t) nd %ti$u#?!?#ti#s. It is us#d %! "" i3?!tnt /!i" s?in$s in i/%tnd #n$in# 1"1# s?in$s nd is 1i"("# in !d %!3 %!38.+-8 t! 8.88 in/) in di3#t#.

It is ?u/)s#d in t)# nn#"#d /!nditi!n nd )#t t#t#d%t# %!3in$.

In ( %!3 t)is st##" is us#d %! ?!?#""# /!n#s 6)i/)#;ui# $!!d %ti$u# nd 3/)inin$ ?!?#ti#s.

R!d %! )#"i/" s?in$s /n (# )#t t#t#d t! d#1#"!? t)#%!""!6in$ ?!?#ti#s: u"ti3t# t#nsi"# st#n$t) 778'888 ?.s.i. *i#"d st#n$t) 788'888 ?.s.i. #"!n$ti!n 5.

B st!/< is n!3""* )#t t#t#d t! d#1#"!? n u"ti3t#t#nsi"# st#n$t) !% +-8'888 ?.s.i. ' *i#"d st#n$t) +8'888

?.s.i. #"!n$ti!n +>.

S*A*E* ?8@3 t)is is )i$)9/(!n /)!3#91ndiu3st##" 6)i/) is us#d %! ?ts su(=#/t t! )i$)9(#in$ "!dsnd #;uiin$ 3i3u3 )dn#ss. B"" (#in$s' !""#

(#in$s # 3d# %!3 it.SCHOOL OF AERONAUTICAL SCIENCESHINDUSTAN UNIVERSITY' PADUR


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MOLY-DENUM STEEL M%")!den$m in s3"" ?#/#nt$#s is us#d in /!3(inti!n

6it) /)!3iu3 t! %!3 /)!3#93!"*(d#nu3 st##"' 6)i/))s 1i!us us#s in i/%t.

M!"*(d#nu3 is st!n$ ""!*in$ #"#3#nt. It is#s t)#u"ti3t# st#n$t) !% st##" 6it)!ut #/tin$ du/ti"it* !6!


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Heat Treatment Terms

T)# %!""!6in$ # t)# )#t t#t3#nt t#3s 6)i/)6i"" (# %#;u#nt"* us#d in t)# t)#!* !% 3t#i"s:

Citi/" Rn$# Ann#"in$ N!3"iin$ H#t T#t3#nt Hd#nin$

u#n/)in$ T#3?#in$ C(uiin$ Cs# Hd#nin$



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Critica" Ran+e

Citi/" Rn$#' ??"i#d t! st##" #%#s t!t)# n$# !% t#3?#tu# (#t6##n +488F nd +588 F.

)#n st##" ?ss#s t)!u$) t)is n$#' itsint#n" stu/tu# is "t##d.



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Annea"in+

It is t)# ?!/#ss !% )#tin$ st##" (!1#t)# /iti/" n$#' )!"din$ it t t)tt#3?#tu# unti" it is uni%!3"* )#t#d

nd t)# $in is #@n#d nd t)#n /!!"in$it 1#* s"!6"*

Ot)# 3t#i"s d! n!t ?!ss#ss /iti/"n$#s' (ut "" # nn#"#d (* si3i"

)#tin$ ?!/#ss 6)i/) ?#3its #9n$#3#nt !% int#n" stu/tu#'%!""!6#d (* /!!"in$



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N%rma"iin+

It is si3i" t! nn#"in$ (ut t)# st##" is""!6#d t! /!!" in sti"" i . It is 3#t)!d t)t is s!3#6)t %st#

t)n nn#"in$ /!!"in$. N!3"iin$

??"i#s !n"* t! st##" It #"i#1#s' s!%t#ns t)# 3#t" s!3#6)t

"#ss t)n nn#"in$ nd t t)# s3# ti3#in/#s#s t)# st#n$t) !% t)# st##" (!ut78 (!1# t)t !% nn#"#d 3#t".



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Heat Treatment

It /!nsists !% s#i#s !% !?#ti!ns 6)i/))1# s t)#i i3 t)# i3?!1#3#nt !% t)#?)*si/" ?!?#ti#s !% 3t#i"

In t)# /s# !% st##" t)#s# !?#ti!ns #)d#nin$ 6)i/) in/"ud#s )#tin$ nd;u#n/)in$



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Hardenin+

Hd#nin$ !% st##" is d!n# (* )#tin$ t)#3#t" t! t#3?#tu# (!1# t)# /iti/"n$# nd t)#n ;u#n/)in$ it.

A"u3inu3 ""!*s # )d#n#d (* )#tin$t! t#3?#tu# (!ut ,88 F nd;u#n/)in$.



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B$enchin+

u#n/)in$ is t)# i33#si!n !% t)#)#t#d 3#t" in "i;uid' usu""* #it)# !i"! 6t#' t! //#"#t# its /!!"in$.



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Tem,erin+

It is t)# #)#tin$ !% )d#n#d st##" t! t#3?#tu# (#"!6 t)# /iti/" n$#%!""!6#d (* /!!"in$ s d#si#d.

T#3?#in$ is s!3#ti3#s #%##d t! sd6in$.



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Car!$riin+

It is t)# dditi!n !% /(!n t! st##" (*)#tin$ it t )i$) t#3?#tu# 6)i"# in/!nt/t 6it) /(!n/#!us 3t#i" in

#it)# s!"id ' "i;uid ! $s#!us %!3.



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Case Hardenin+

It /!nsists !% /(uiin$' %!""!6#d (*suit("# )#t t#t3#nt t! )d#n t)#3#t".



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THAN: YOU

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Materials in Aircraft Construction

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