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Materials
QuestionsQuestions
Page 71 numbers Q 6 and 7Page 71 numbers Q 6 and 7
The structure of the atom
ELECTRON – negative,
mass nearly nothing
PROTON – positive,
same mass as neutron
(“1”)
NEUTRON – neutral,
same mass as proton
(“1”)
Know the structure of the atom
What is an ion?
An ion is an atom that has lost electrons to form a +ve ion
or an atom that has gained electrons to form a –ve ion
Compound Numbers of each atom
KOH
CH3 OH
KMnO4
NaHSO4
Al(NO3)3
1 x K , 1 x O , 1x H
1 x C , 1 x O , 4x H
1 x K , 1 x Mn , 4x O
1 x Na , 1 x H , 1x S , 4 x O
1 x Al , 3 x N , 9 x O
You must be able to write balanced formula for compounds using an ion table
1+ 2+ 3+ 1- 2-
H+ Mg2+ Al3+ Cl- O2-
Na+ Ca2+ Fe3+ OH- CO32-
K+ Fe2+ NO3- SO4
2-
Cu2+ HCO3-
Zn2+
Pb2+
1+ 2+ 3+ 1- 2-
H+ Mg2+ Al3+ Cl-
chlorideO2-
oxide
Na+ Ca2+ Fe3+
ferricOH-
hydroxideCO3
2-
carbonate
K+ Fe2+
ferrousNO3
-
nitrate
SO42-
sulfate
Cu2+
HCO3-
bicarbonate
Zn2+
Pb2+
Write formula for: hydrogen chloride
sodium oxide
calcium hydroxide
zinc sulfate
Aluminium carbonate
1+ 2+ 3+ 1- 2-
H+ Mg2+ Al3+ Cl-
chlorideO2-
oxide
Na+ Ca2+ Fe3+
ferricOH-
hydroxideCO3
2-
carbonate
K+ Fe2+
ferrousNO3
-
nitrate
SO42-
sulfate
Cu2+HCO3
-
bicarbonate
Zn2+
Pb2+
HClNa2O
Ca(OH)2
ZnSO4
Al2(CO3)3
Testing for carbon dioxideTesting for carbon dioxide
Gas
Limewater turns milky/cloudy
Limewater
Burning HydrogenBurning Hydrogen
“POP”
Recall the test for hydrogen:
The reaction:
Hydrogen
OO
Oxygen+
OH H
OH H
Water
HH
HH
Notice that no carbon dioxide or carbon monoxide is produced!
Gas Tests SummaryGas Tests SummaryHow would you test for the following gases
Oxygen
If a glowing splint relights when placed in the test tube the gas is oxygen
Hydrogen
By the pop test, place a flaming splint by the test tube mouth will ignite the hydrogen gas causing a pop
Carbon dioxide
Bubble the gas through limewater (Ca(OH)2 the solution will turn cloudy or milky (this is because a solid of CaCO3 forms)
Important reactions.
(a) ACID + METAL
(b) Metal + water
an balanced example of an acid/metal reaction is
An example is
Mg + 2HCl MgCl2 + H2
Metal salt + Hydrogen
Metal hydroxide + hydrogen gas
Sodium + water sodium hydroxide + hydrogen gas
(a) metal carbonate + ACID
Calcium carbonate
the balanced formula equation is:
CaCO3 + 2HCl CaCl2 + CO2 + H2O
Metal salt + carbon dioxide +water
+ Calcium chloride
carbon dioxide water+ + Hydrochloric
acid
An example word equation is:
Important reactions you must know!
metal + oxygen metal oxide
Word equation
Magnesium +oxygen magnesium oxide
Formula equation
2Mg + O22MgO
Important reactions you must know!
Word equation
sodium + water sodium hydroxide +hydrogen gas
Formula
2NaOH + H2
Important reactions you must know!
Eg 2Na + 2H2O
metal + water metal hydroxide + hydrogen gas
How could you test for the hydrogen gas?Remember to go over you
material flip cards
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14
This is the pH scale –it is a measure of how acidic or basic a substance is
What would be the pH of the following and the colour in universal indicator
Sulfuric acid
NaOH
Vinegar
Water
Dishwashing detergent
Stomach acid (HCl)
pH 1 red pH 14
violet/purplepH 3-5 red
pH 7 green
pH 10 - 12 blue/violet
pH 1-2 red
Acid BaseNeutral
(a) ACID + Base
an balanced example of an acid/base reaction is
HCl + NaOH NaCl + H2O
salt + water
Important reactions you must know!Neutralisation – where an acid and a base react to
form a neutral solution with a pH of 7
What colour do you think the solution would go with universal indicator?
You got it – green as the solution is now neutral
Name Formula Colour
Sulphuric acid
Lithium Lithium hydroxidehydroxide
LiOH
Nitric acidNitric acid
window window cleanercleaner
N/A
VinegarVinegar
WaterWater H2O
Complete the following table showing what colour each solution will go in universal indicator
H2SO4 red
Violet/purple
HNO3 red
Violet/purple
CH3COOH
orange
green
Define these acid base terms
A base that contains OH ions and dissolves in water is called an Alkali – give an example
eg NaOH, KOH and these have pH of 14 and turn universal indicator purple
The pH scale
The scale form 1- 14 that measures how acidic or basic a substance is.
How do you collect gas underwater?
Read Unit A3 (Acid Reactions)
pgs 76 -77 complete Q’s 5, 6 and 8 pg 79
Read pH in everyday life page 80 – 81 you must know household acids e.g vinegar, citric acid and tartaric acids
You also must know common household bases
These are usually common household cleaners eg oven cleaner, window cleaner, soaps
Know the metal properties and uses read meet the metals page 84
Describe why metals exhibit the following properties:
Ductile, Malleable, Strength, conductivity
Name some metals and their uses eg Aluminium (Al), gold (Au), lead (Pb)
Be able to write word equation and balanced equation for the complete combustion of a simple fuel eg methane pg 92
Know about polymers and what they are made from ie what are their sub units?
Name some polymers –
natural polymer eg starch is made of many units of glucose
and man made polymer eg PVC
read making plastics M4 page 96 - 97 in pathfinderKnow the structure of the atom!
ElectricityBe familiar with
Static and current electricity know the difference(page 53)
Current and ammeters – be able to place ammeters in circuits
Voltage and voltmeters – be able to place voltmeters in circuits
Static vs current electricity read E1 pg 52- 53 if you don’t
Conductors/ Insulators – identify them
Series and parallel circuits pages 56-57 Q’s 5,6,7,9 pg 59
Be able to use V=IR and P=VI look at old electricity test make sure you show all working Q7 & 11 pg 63
Complete Simple component names and symbols Q 2 pg 62
ForcesForces Know how to label the forces acting on an objectKnow how to label the forces acting on an object
ie ie drag, weight, thrust, supportdrag, weight, thrust, support Weight (N) and mass (kgs) know what are they Weight (N) and mass (kgs) know what are they
and what are they measured in be able to work and what are they measured in be able to work out out weight (N) weight (N) given given m(kgs) using Fw = m x gm(kgs) using Fw = m x g
Label a spanner fulcrum and know how to Label a spanner fulcrum and know how to measure torque using a formula: measure torque using a formula:
TT (Nm)= (Nm)= ff (N) x (N) x dd (m) (m) Know how to work out density (mass/vol)Know how to work out density (mass/vol) Use Distance/ time graphs to describe the Use Distance/ time graphs to describe the
motion of an object motion of an object read more from Unit F1 read more from Unit F1 page 37 complete Q 39page 37 complete Q 39
Be able to find the speed of Be able to find the speed of an object from a distance an object from a distance
time graph time graph
By being able to use the By being able to use the method on the next slidemethod on the next slide
K
P
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
time (s)
dist
(m)
Finding speed from a distance time graph
t)( in time change
d)(distancein change K section of speed average
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
1-ms 5.7 (K) speed
4s
m30 (K) speed
t
d (K) speed
Task
Work out the speed for section P
d
T
K
P
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
time (s)
dist
(m)
Finding the average speed of Section P
t)( in time change
d)(distancein change Psection of speed average
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
d
T
Humans
There will be some of these body systems in the exam
Make notes on your diagram on the ear and glue it into your book
Body parts the ear
Ear canal
Ear drum
cochlea Auditory nerve
Eustachean
Tube
Earbones or ossicles
Semi -circular canals – helps control balance by detecting movement in tubes
The Human Ear
Make notes on your diagram and glue it into your book
How does the ear hear?
By detecting vibration from sound waves, these are then changed into electrical impulses which are carried to the brain.
Read the Sound and Ear section page 28 (Pathfinder)
Complete question 8 pg 31
Know the parts of the ear
Know about capillaries, veins and what’s the other one ? Arteries - these have the highest pressure
Know which ones carry blood where to?
What’s so special about capillaries? They are small – one cell thick they allow gases to diffuse into and out of them.
Read Pathfinder text : Read Circulating Materials pg 21
complete Q’s 6, 9 and 10 pg 23
Pulse rates
Know all about this and what vessels allow you to take the pulse and why. Refer old Humans test and mark schedule
Know how blood returns to the heart from the body organs via the veins. Refer notes
Kidneys –what do they do?Kidneys –what do they do?
These filter the blood and remove These filter the blood and remove wastes from the bloodwastes from the blood
Know the muscles in the arm and how the arm works look at your notes
The Heart The Heart
You must be able to label the:You must be able to label the:
left atriumleft atrium
Right atriumRight atrium
Right ventricleRight ventricle
Left ventriclesLeft ventricles
Why does the heart have valves?Why does the heart have valves?
Name the blood vessels and explain Name the blood vessels and explain why they are different from each otherwhy they are different from each other
A
B
H
G
F
ED
C
The “Double Circulatory” System1. Deoxygenated
blood is pumped from the heart to the lungs
3. The oxygenated blood is then pumped to the rest of the body
2. The blood receives oxygen and is pumped back to the heart
4. The oxygen leaves the blood to be used for respiration in the body and the blood goes back to the heart
Geology
Learn Parts of the earth and their states
Convection currents and what makes them?
(read Earths structure pg 104) esp the erosion cycle
Collision zones at plate boundaries
Volcanoes (structure - know parts) – lava cools on the outside of a volcano very quickly and forms rock with very small crystals . The magma trapped inside the volcano cools very slowly and forms large crystals Q6 page 111
Earthquakes what causes them read stress fractures pg 112
Be able to name the 2 plates that meet on the fault line that runs through New Zealand.
Complete Q 9 page 107