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MATH 5400, History of Mathematics Lecture 10: 1900 Professor: Peter Gibson [email protected] http://people.math.yorku.ca/pcgibson/math5400 February 16, 2017
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Page 1: MATH 5400, History of Mathematicspeople.math.yorku.ca/pcgibson/math5400/math5400files/Lectures/... · MATH 5400, History of Mathematics Lecture 10: 1900 ... geometry, building on,

MATH 5400, History of MathematicsLecture 10: 1900

Professor: Peter Gibson

[email protected]

http://people.math.yorku.ca/pcgibson/math5400

February 16, 2017

Page 2: MATH 5400, History of Mathematicspeople.math.yorku.ca/pcgibson/math5400/math5400files/Lectures/... · MATH 5400, History of Mathematics Lecture 10: 1900 ... geometry, building on,

In 1896 two mathematicians, working independently, proved the primenumber theorem. This relied on recent developments in the theory offunctions of a complex variable, in particular on results due to Weierstrass.

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Jacques Hadamard

(1865-1963)

Professor at College de France

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Charles Jean de la Valle-Poussin

(1866-1962)

Professor at

Catholic University of Leuven

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The end of the 19th century also saw developments in differentialgeometry, building on, refining and expanding the ideas of Riemann.Just as Maxwell’s results rested on the notions and results in vectorcalculus due to Gauss and others applied to electric and magnetic vectorfields, new developments in physics near the turn of the century madeessential use of recent ideas in geometry.

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Tullio Levi-Civita (1873-1941)

Professor at University of Rome

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Hermann Minkowskii

(1864-1909)

Professor at ETH Zurich

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Minkowski

1872 (aged 8) moved to Konigsberg from Russian kingdom

1883 prize of the French Academy of Sciences

friendship with David Hilbert, Adoph Hurwitz

1885 doctorate under Ferdinand von Lindemann

appointments at Bonn, Konigsberg, Zurich, Gottingen

geometry of numbers

Minkowski space time

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Hadamard

List of things named after Jacques HadamardFrom Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

These are things named after Jacques Hadamard (1865–1963), a French mathematician. (For references,see the respective articles.)

Cartan–Hadamard theoremCauchy–Hadamard theoremHadamard product:

entry-wise matrix multiplicationan infinite product expansion for the Riemann zeta function

Hadamard codeHadamard's dynamical systemHadamard's inequalityHadamard's method of descentHadamard finite part integralHadamard's lemmaHadamard manifoldHadamard matrixHadamard's maximal determinant problemHadamard spaceHadamard three-circle theoremHadamard Transform and Hadamard gateHadamard–Rybczynski equationOstrowski–Hadamard gap theorem

Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_things_named_after_Jacques_Hadamard&oldid=679491174"

Categories: Lists of things named after mathematicians

This page was last modified on 4 September 2015, at 21:37.Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License; additional terms mayapply. By using this site, you agree to the Terms of Use and Privacy Policy. Wikipedia® is a registeredtrademark of the Wikimedia Foundation, Inc., a non-profit organization.

List of things named after Jacques Hadamard - Wikipedia https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_things_named_after_Jacques...

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Henri Poincare (1854-1912)

Professor at the Sorbonne

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Born in 1854 in Nancy, to a prominent family

Top prizes in the concours general

Graduated from the Ecole Polytechnique, then the Ecole des Minesand worked as a mining engineer

1879 doctorate in mathematics from University of Paris under CharlesHermite

1881 Professor at the Sorbonne (University of Paris)

worked in many different areas, including on the three body problem

pioneering work in geometry and topology

carried out early work on relativity

was active in philosophy, and wrote several widely-read popular works

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David Hilbert (1862-1943)

Professor at Gottingen

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Hilbert

1885 doctorate under Ferdinand von Lindemann

1886-1895 lecturer at Konigsberg

1895 professor at Gottingen

1900 Paris address

1910 Bolyai prize

pre-eminent mathematician of his day

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Hilbert and Poincare were the leading mathematicians of 1900.One sometimes reads of rivalry and dispute between them—this tends tobe overstated.Hilbert contributed to many fields, including mathematical physics—hisideas on the foundations of mathematics are sometimes emphasized at theexpense of his many other fundamental contributions.Poincare’s rejection of Cantor’s ideas have not been born out by history.

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The Institute for Advanced Study in Princeton, New Jersey(established 1930)

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Albert Einstein (1879-1955)

Professor at

Institute for Advanced Study,Princeton

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According to Einstein, the theory of relativity relies on the work of:

Bernhard Riemann (1826-1866)

Hermann Minkowski

Tullio Levi-civita

Hermann Weyl

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Hermann Weyl (1885-1955)

Professor at

Institute for Advanced Study,Princeton

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To a certain extent, Hermann Weyl brought Hilbert’s legacy and traditionto the US.

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