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Matondo MpongoMarch 6,2013
Psychology (Honors) 4th
Common Name :Cerebral Palsy (CP)
CausesCaused by damage to or
abnormal development of the motor control centers of the brain
infection, trauma, malnutrition, drugs or other chemicals, or hemorrhage can damage the brain and lead to CP
Infections contracted by the mother such as Rubella, AIDS, Encephalitis and Meningitis can cause brain damage to the newborn
CausesBirth defects (brain, head, face, spinal
cord, lungs, metabolism)Certain hereditary and genetic
conditionsComplications during labor and
deliveryPremature birthLow birth weight (especially if less
than 2 pounds at birth)Severe jaundice after birthMultiple births (twins, triplets)Lack of oxygen (hypoxia) reaching the
brain before, during, or after birthBrain damage early in life,
Target Population Targets males and female sPremature babiesBabies in the womb to two years old
Brain is developing so they are at a higher risk of experiencing brain damage
Where and How it affects the CNS?Cerebral Cortex
* Involved in muscle movement* Most common type of damage (Spastic Cerebral Palsy)The Motor Cortex* The motor cortex is a specific part of the cerebral cortex. * It's directly involved in controlling muscle movement throughout the body
Where and How it affects the CNS?The Basal Ganglia* Responsible for voluntary movement
and posture* Helps you recall previously learned
complicated movements (walking, dancing, typing)
• Injury to both or either Basal Ganglia can result in Athetoid Cerebral Palsy (involuntary muscle movements)
Basal Gangalia
Where and How it affects the CNS?The Cerebellum
* maintaining and monitoring coordination during movement
* Damage to this can cause Ataxia Cerebral Palsy ( poor coordination, balance and posture)
SymptomsNot noticeable at birth
Children with CP develop at a slower pace; delay in milestones first sign of CP
SymptomsMilestones Without CP
(months)With CP (months)
sits well unsupported 6 8 -10
babbles 6 8
Crawls 9 12
Finger feeds, holds bottle
9 12
Walks alone 12 15-18
Uses one or two words other then dada/mama
12 15
Walks up and down the stairs
24 24-36
Turns pages in books; remove shoes
24 30
Symptoms
Abnormal muscle tone: Stiff or floppy muscles. Limbs in unusual or awkward positions
Abnormal movements: Abrupt, jerky, slow movements
Skeletal deformities: Shortened limbs for those with CP on only one side of the body
SymptomsJoint contractures: Severe stiffening of the joints common for spastic cerebral palsy
Mental retardation: Some w/ CP have this
Seizures: about 1/3 of those w/ CP have them
Speech problems: unable to control tongue, mouth, or throat muscles
Swallowing problems: inability to control muscles
Symptoms
Hearing Loss: Partial hearing loss
Vision problems: Weakness of the eye that controls muscle movement
Dental problems: Defects in tooth enamel, more cavities
Bowel and/or bladder problems: Lack of muscle control
PrognosisNot Considered a terminal disorderIt can however affect a person's
lifespan by increasing the risk of medical issues
Life span depends on the severity and many other factors such as mobility restrictions, feeding difficulties, cognitive and respiratory functions
PrognosisThose with CP however can live long lives with the right treatment and medical care
Cures and TreatmentsThere is NOT a cureHowever it can be treatedTreatment depends on severity, nature,
and locationTherapists work with CP patient to
maximize movement and maintain posture Wheelchairs, walkers, shoe inserts,
crutches, braces, computer-controlled communication devices, are used to assist patient
TreatmentsMedication:
-Prescribed muscle relaxant drugs such as diazepam (Valium), dantrolene (Dantrium), and baclofen (Lioresal) -Botulinum toxin (Botox) is injected directly into the affected muscles. -Alcohol or phenol injections into the nerve controlling the muscle
TreatmentsSurgery:tenotomy,tendon transferdorsal rhizotomy
Treatments -Tenotomy: tendons of the
affected muscle are cut and the limb is cast in a more normal position while the tendon regrows
Tendon Transfer: tendon transfer involves cutting and reattaching a tendon at a different point on the bone to enhance the length and function of the muscle
Tendon Transfer
Treatments
Dorsal Rhizotomy: cuts selected nerve roots in the spinal cord to prevent them from stimulating the spastic muscles
Neurosurgical techniques: implanting tiny electrodes directly into the cerebellum, or cutting a portion of the hypothalamus
Dorsal Rhizotomy:
Celebrities with CPAbbey Curran: represented Iowa at
the Miss USA 2008 pageant in Las Vegas
Chris Fonseca : Comedian who has written material for such comedians as Jerry Seinfeld, Jay Leno and Roseanne Arnold. The first (and only) person with a visible disability to appear
on the Jay Leno show
Jerry Traylor : A motivational speaker with cerebral palsy. He is the only person to jog across America on crutches. Has participated in the running of 35 marathons, climbed to the top of 14,110 foot Pike's Peak, parachuting and other adventures.
RJ Mitte : An American actor. Plays the character, Walter White Jr. on the AMC television series, Breaking Bad.
Celebrities w/ CP
Organizations American Academy of Cerebral Palsy and
Developmental Medicine (AACPDM) - Provides scientific education to health
professionals - research and services for people with Cerebral Palsy
OrganizationsUnited Cerebral Palsy - Its mission is to advance the independence,
productivity & citizenship of people with disabilities - Has been around for over 60 years
- With help of affiliates provide therapy, assistive technology training, early intervention programs,-Also provide housing, family support, employment assistance
CitationsPolzin, S. J. (2005). Cerebral Palsy. In B. Narins (Ed.),
The Gale Encyclopedia of Genetic Disorders (2nd ed., Vol. 1, pp. 226-232). Detroit: Gale. Retrieved from http://go.galegroup.com/ps/i.do?id=GALE%7CCX3451500079&v=2.1&u=cary81451&it=r&p=GPS&sw=w
Tran, M., Odle, T. G., & Newton, D. E. (2009). Cerebral Palsy. In L. J. Fundukian (Ed.), The Gale Encyclopedia of Alternative Medicine (3rd ed., Vol. 1, pp. 440-446). Detroit: Gale. Retrieved from http://go.galegroup.com/ps/i.do?id=GALE%7CCX3240100171&v=2.1&u=cary81451&it=r&p=GPS&sw=w