Matter

Matter is anything that

has mass and takes up

space.

Mass is the amount of

matter that an object

contains.

Mass is the amount of matter

Weight is the force of gravity

on an object

Is the amount of space

an object takes up

Matter that is uniform and has

a definite composition is

called a substance

Pure substances = one type of

matter

Solid

Liquid

Gas

◦Has a definite shape

◦Has a definite volume

◦Does not take the shape of its

container.

◦Form of matter that flows

◦Fixed volume

◦Takes the shape of its container

◦Most are incompressible

◦Do expand when they are heated

Take the shape of their

container

Take the volume its container

Are compressible

What is the difference between a gas and vapor?

Gases: are a gas at room temperature

Vapors: gaseous state of a substance that is normally a liquid or solid at room temperature.

A quality or condition of a

substance that can be observed

or measured without changing

the substance’s composition.

Melting point

Boiling point

Density

Color

Solubility

Odor

Hardness

A physical change is one that alters a

given material WITHOUT changing

its composition, such as:

◦Cutting

◦Grinding

◦Bending

◦Melting/freezing (change of state)

Are the following pure

substances? Lemonade

Ice

Table salt

A mixture is a physical blend of two or

more substances.

There are two kinds of mixtures:

Heterogeneous: not uniform in

composition

Homogeneous: completely uniform in

composition. “Solution” is the special

name given to homogeneous mixtures.

Any part of a system that is uniform

in composition is called a phase.

A homogeneous mixture (solution)

has one phase. Something with

two or more phases is

heterogeneous.

Solutions form in all three states.

Gaseous solutions- air is an example. Air

acts as the solvent as liquids evaporate.

Liquid solutions- soft drinks and many

other examples exist in everyday life.

Solid solutions- alloys are solid solutions

A heterogeneous mixture in which

the particles are so large that they

can be seen and will settle out unless

the mixture is stirred or agitated.

The simplest form of matter

that can exist under normal

conditions

The building blocks for all

other substances

Can be separated into simpler substances

◦Only by chemical means

◦Ex. Burning sugar-

Before the sugar is cooked it is a

compound, after, it is just an element

When one or more substances

form into a new substance or

new substances

Example: rust

◦Iron + O2 → iron oxide (rust)

Two sides to a chemical

reaction

The reactants, or the starting

substances

The products, substances that

are formed

The ability of a substance to

undergo a chemical reaction and

to form new substances

◦Chemical properties are only

observed when there is a

chemical change

Energy change (+ or -)

Color change

Odor change

Solid formed

Liquid formed

Gas formed

Chemical changes may only be

reversed by a chemical means

Physical changes may be reversed

because they do not involve a change

in composition

The law of conservation of mass:

states that in any physical change

or chemical reaction, mass is

neither created nor destroyed, it is

conserved

The mass of the reactants equals

the mass of the products