A. Basic Vocabulary 1. Matter-Anything that takes up space and
has mass. 2. Weight is a measure of the pull of gravity on an
object; 3. mass is the amount of matter the object contains. 4.
Volume-how much space an object occupies
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1. Solids-have a definite volume and definite shape; molecules
vibrate in place 2.Liquids-No definite shape but definite volume;
molecules move slowly taking on the shape of their container
3.Gas-no definite shape or volume; move very fast
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What states of matter are represented in the photograph?
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Makes up 99% of the visible universe The most common form of
matter A very energetic gas in which electrons are stripped from
the atoms.
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Plasma can be found in the Sun and Lightning Stars and
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Close up view of atoms and their behavior Animated images are
from
http://www.chem.purdue.edu/gchelp/http://www.chem.purdue.edu/gchelp/
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a. Changing states requires a change in pressure or temperature
(adding or taking away energy) b. Processes of change 1. gas to
liquid 2. liquid to solid 3. Solid to gas 4. solid to liquid 5.
Liquid to gas condensation freezing sublimation melting
evaporation, boiling
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Materials differ in terms of the kind of matter they contain.
Matter that has a uniform and definite composition is called a
substance. Substances can be identified as either an element,
compound, or a mixture.
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A pure substance that cannot be broken down any further has
just one type of atom Atoms are the smallest part of an element Can
be one atom or a molecule (2 atoms joined) Examples might be Oxygen
(O), Nitrogen (N), Carbon (C) and Hydrogen (H). These 4 are
necessary to all life Symbol-represents an element
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contains two or more different atoms (elements) joined
together. This is a molecule and it is the smallest part of a
compound a chemical reaction is needed to separate elements in a
compound. Examples would be water, salt, sugar Represented by
formulas: H 2 O, NaCl, C 6 H 12 O 6
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3. mixture 1. A mixture contains two or more different
substances that are only physically joined together, not
chemically. A mixture can contain both elements and compounds.
There are two kinds of mixtures. Homogeneous a. Homogeneous -equal
parts; evenly mixed solutions like saltwater or koolaid.
Heterogeneous -uneven mix of parts. Many settle out depending on
weight. Examples might include milk, muddy water and salad dressing
b. Heterogeneous -uneven mix of parts. Many settle out depending on
weight. Examples might include milk, muddy water and salad
dressing
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D. Properties of Matter 1. Properties used to describe matter
can be classified as: a. Extensive depends on the amount of matter
in the sample - Mass, volume, calories are examples b. Intensive
depends on the type of matter, not the amount present - Hardness,
Density, Boiling Point
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2. Types of properties are a. Physical Properties- a property
that can be observed and measured without changing the materials
composition (identity). -Examples- color, hardness, melting point,
boiling point, texture, odor, size b. Chemical Properties- a
property that can only be observed by changing the composition of
the material. -Examples- ability to burn, decompose, ferment, react
with oxygen, etc.
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. 1. Physical change- A type of change that alters a material
without changing its chemical composition. Boil, melt, cut, bend,
split, crack Is boiled water still water? Is a cut piece of wood
still wood? Can be reversible, or irreversible
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2. Chemical change - a change where a new substance is formed
that is different than the original Examples: Burning, corroding,
decomposing Evidence of a chemical change include Energy (light,
heat or both) is absorbed or released Endothermic-heat is absorbed
cooling temperatures Exothermic-heat is released raising
temperatures and often giving off light Color changes Gas
production (bubbling, fizzing, or odor change; smoke)