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Matter and Change Matter and Change Matter and Its Properties] Matter and Its Properties]

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Terms Matter- anything that has mass and takes up space (volume) Matter- anything that has mass and takes up space (volume) Atom- smallest unit of an element that keeps the properties of the element Atom- smallest unit of an element that keeps the properties of the element Element- pure substance made of only one type of atom Element- pure substance made of only one type of atom Compound- substance made of 2 or more types of atoms that are chemically bonded Compound- substance made of 2 or more types of atoms that are chemically bonded Molecule- type of compound in which bonds are covalent bonds Molecule- type of compound in which bonds are covalent bonds

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Matter Pure Substances Elements He, C Compounds H20, Mixtures Homogeneous mixture Mountain Dew, air Heterogeneous mixture Blood, granite

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Physical Property- a characteristic that can be observed or measured without changing the substances chemical identity Physical Property- a characteristic that can be observed or measured without changing the substances chemical identity

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Physical Properties Mass Mass Volume Volume Melting Point Melting Point Boiling Point Boiling Point Density (s,l,g) Density (s,l,g) Viscosity Viscosity Hardness Hardness Color Luster (shine) Malleability Ductility Solubility Conductivity Magnetism

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Type of Physical Property Type of Physical Property Extensive : depend on the amount of matter present Example: Volume, mass Extensive : depend on the amount of matter present Example: Volume, mass Intensive : does not depend on the amount of substance present Example: boiling point,density Intensive : does not depend on the amount of substance present Example: boiling point,density

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Physical Change- a characteristic that can be observed or measured without changing the substances chemical identity Physical Change- a characteristic that can be observed or measured without changing the substances chemical identity

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Physical Changes in Matter change in a substance that doesnt change the identity of the substance change in a substance that doesnt change the identity of the substance Ex. grinding, cutting, melting, boiling Ex. grinding, cutting, melting, boiling Includes all changes of state (physical changes of a substance from one state to another) Includes all changes of state (physical changes of a substance from one state to another)

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solid liquid solid liquid Different substances have different melting points. Melting Does size affect melting point?

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liquid solid A substance freezes and melts at the same temperature. Freezing

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liquid gas Different substances have different boiling points. Boiling

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gas liquid Condensation and boiling occur at the same temperature. Condensation Why does your glass get sweaty?

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directly from solid gas Can you think of something that sublimes? Sublimation Deposition directly from gas solid Water vapor in the freezer becomes frost

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Changes of State

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Gas 0 MixLiquid Heat Mixture Solid Boiling/condensing point Water & Steam Water State Change Diagram for Water Ice & Water Ice intermolecular forces weakened intermolecular forces dominate T e m p e r a t u r e (K) 473 373 273 Steam Melting/ freezing point

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Types of Properties Chemical Property- a characteristic of a pure substance that describes how it interacts with other substances Chemical Property- a characteristic of a pure substance that describes how it interacts with other substances

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Chemical Properties Stability and/or reactivity with other substances Stability and/or reactivity with other substances Heat (enthalpy) of formation Heat (enthalpy) of formation Oxidation state(s) Oxidation state(s) Flammability Flammability Heat (enthalpy) of combustion Heat (enthalpy) of combustion Toxicity Toxicity Types of bonds formed Types of bonds formed

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Chemical change a change in the chemical composition and identity of a substance Evidence: Color change Temperature change New substance formed with different phase Odor change Light produced

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Evidence of a Chemical Change Section 2 Matter and Its Properties Chapter 1

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Energy Changes in Matter when any change occurs, energy is always involved when any change occurs, energy is always involved energy can be in different forms (light, heat, etc.) energy can be in different forms (light, heat, etc.) energy is never destroyed or created (law of conservation of energy) energy is never destroyed or created (law of conservation of energy)