Matter and Change

What exactly is matter?

Matter: anything that has a mass and volume.

It is classified by its chemical and physical

properties

Is air matter?

Mass – a measure of the amount of matter the object contains

Describing Matter

1. Extensive Properties-depends on how much matter is present

• Mass

• Volume

Examples:

• Length

Describing Matter2. Intensive Properties- depends on the type of matter in a sample

Examples:• hardness

• density

• color

• Melting and boiling points

Physical Properties

• temperature

Physical Properties

Refer to the condition or quality of a substance that can be observed or measured without

changing the substance’s composition.

Examples: density, conductivity, melting point, boiling point, malleability, and ductility.

Chemical Property: the ability of a substance to undergo a specific

chemical reaction and form a new substance

Rust

States of Matter• Solid • Liquid • Gas

Solids• Solids are matter with definite shape

and definite volume

• Can not be compressed

• Particles are packed together in an orderly arrangement

Liquids• Liquids are a form of matter that has an

indefinite shape, flows, and has a definite volume.

• Almost incompressible

• Particle arrangement is not rigid or orderly

Gases• Gases are forms of matter that take both

the shape and volume of the container.

• Particles are in random positions and spaced out

•Can be easily compressed

Are the terms gas and vapor interchangeable?

A fourth state of matter is plasma. Plasma is formed when a gas is heated to a temperature at which its electrons dissociate from the nuclei

Plasma

Classification of MatterMatter can be classified into one of two

groups: pure substances or mixtures.

Matter

Can it be separated?

Mixture Pure Substance

yes No

Matter

Can it be separated?

Mixture Pure Substance

yes No

Classification of Matter

Homogeneous Heterogeneous

Mixtures

Classifying Mixtures

Mixture- a physical blend of two or more

kinds of matter.

1. Heterogeneous

2. Homogeneous

1. Heterogeneous MixturesDifferent composition throughout; you can see

the different substances that are mixed together

Sand Trail Mix

2. Homogeneous Mixtures

Same composition and properties throughout

~Another name for a homogeneous mixture is a solution.

A homogeneous mixture is more than one substance mixed together so well that it looks, feels and seems as though it is one substance

and had dissolved together.

A phase is any part of a sample with the same composition and properties.

How many phases are in a homogeneous mixture? 1

How many phases are in a heterogeneous mixture? 2 or more

Separating Mixtures

• Filtration: separates a solid from the liquid

• Distillation: liquids are boiled to produce a vapor which, is then condensed into a liquid.

Separating Mixtures

• Decanting: pouring one phase from a container and leaving the remaining phase.

Separating Mixtures

• Chromatography: passing a mixture dissolved in a "mobile phase" through a stationary phase

Classification of MatterMatter

Can it be separated?

Mixture Pure Substance

yes No

Element Compound

1. ElementsA pure substance made of only one kind

of atom that has a unique set of properties.

Substances can be classified into two categories:

2. Compounds

A substance that is made of atoms of two or more elements that are chemically

bonded

Matter

Can it be separated?

Mixture Pure Substance

yes No

Heterogeneous Element CompoundHomogeneous

Uniform Composition?

yes No

Does it break down?

No yes