Matter and Matter and

ChangeChange

What is Matter?What is Matter?

MatterMatter is is anything anything that takes up that takes up space and space and has mass.has mass.

MassMass is the is the amount of amount of matter in an matter in an object.object.

Physical PropertiesPhysical Properties

A property that A property that can be can be

observed and observed and measured measured without without

changing the changing the substance.substance.

Physical PropertiesPhysical PropertiesWhat are some What are some

physical properties?physical properties?

• melting point

• boiling point

• density

• solubility

• specific heat

Examples:

• luster

• malleability: the ability to be hammered into a thin sheet

• ductility: the ability to be stretched into a wire

Physical Physical ChangesChanges

A change in a A change in a substance substance

that does not that does not change the change the

identity of the identity of the substancesubstance

Physical Physical ChangesChanges

Physical ChangesPhysical ChangesSome Some physical physical

changes changes would bewould be

boilingboiling of a liquidof a liquidmelting melting of a solidof a soliddissolving dissolving a solid in a a solid in a

liquid to give a liquid to give a homogeneous mixture homogeneous mixture — a SOLUTION.— a SOLUTION.

States of MatterSubstanc

eShape Volume Particle

Movement

Liquid Indefinite Definite Free to move pass each other

Solid Definite Definite Fixed particles(Vibrate)

Gas Indefinite Indefinite Movement is faster & far apart

Chemical PropertiesChemical Properties

Chemical Properties- Chemical Properties- a property that a property that can only be observed by changing can only be observed by changing the type of substance. the type of substance.

Chemical Change or Chemical Change or Chemical ReactionChemical Reaction

Transformation of one Transformation of one or more substances or more substances into a different into a different substance with substance with different properties.different properties.

You can not get the You can not get the original substance backoriginal substance back

Likely Signs of Likely Signs of a Chemical Changea Chemical Change

Heat producedHeat produced

Light producedLight produced

Production of a gasProduction of a gas

Color changeColor change

Odor Odor

Formation of a Formation of a precipitateprecipitate – a solid – a solid formed by mixing formed by mixing two liquids togethertwo liquids together

Chemical Change or Chemical Change or Chemical ReactionChemical Reaction

Examples of a chemical changeExamples of a chemical change::

Iron rusts or oxidizesIron rusts or oxidizes

Hydrochloric acid reacts with potassium Hydrochloric acid reacts with potassium hydroxide hydroxide

Neutralization of acid with a base Neutralization of acid with a base

Grass growing in a lawn (Photosynthesis)Grass growing in a lawn (Photosynthesis)

Electrolysis of waterElectrolysis of water

Hydrolysis of waterHydrolysis of water

Physical vs Chemical

melt/boil/evaporate

Dissolve

Chop/grind/tear

Easily reversed.

Does not absorb or release energy.

Does NOT lose its identity (still there)

Color(paint)/bend/twist

Chemical Change Verbs

Digest

Cook/bake/fry

Rust/corrode

Oxidize/reduce

Rot/spoil

Decompose/decay

Not easily reversed

Energy absorbed or released.

Burn/combust/ignite

Electrolysis or Hydrolysis

Physical Change Verbs

Learning CheckLearning CheckPhysical or Chemical Physical or Chemical

Property?Property?

melting pointmelting point

flammableflammable

densitydensity

magneticmagnetic

tarnishes in airtarnishes in air

solubility solubility

PhysicalPhysical

ChemicalChemical

PhysicalPhysical

PhysicalPhysical

ChemicalChemical

Physical Physical

Exit ticketExit ticketPhysical or Chemical Change?Physical or Chemical Change?

1. Potassium chlorate 1. Potassium chlorate

decomposingdecomposing

2. dissolving in water2. dissolving in water

3. burning a log3. burning a log

4. water evaporating4. water evaporating

5. grinding spices5. grinding spices

6. formation of a precipitate6. formation of a precipitate

7. Boiling water7. Boiling water

Chemical

Physical

Chemical

Physical

Physical

Chemical

Physical

Day

2

Day

2

Cla

ssifi

cati

on o

f

Cla

ssifi

cati

on o

f Pr

opert

ies

Propert

ies

Extensive propertiesExtensive properties

Depend upon the Depend upon the amount of matter amount of matter presentpresent

Ex: mass, volume, Ex: mass, volume, heat energy, lengthheat energy, length

Cla

ssifi

cati

on o

f

Cla

ssifi

cati

on o

f Pr

opert

ies

Propert

ies Intensive propertiesIntensive properties

Do not depend upon Do not depend upon the amount of the amount of matter present, and matter present, and remains constantremains constant

Ex: density, boiling, Ex: density, boiling, freezing, melting freezing, melting points, conductivity, points, conductivity, solubility, solubility, magnetism magnetism

Mixtures and Pure SubstancesMixtures and Pure SubstancesDay 2Day 2

Matter FlowchartMatter Flowchart

Compound

PURE SUBSTANCE

Can it be chemically decomposed?

noyes

Element

MetalsMetals

NonmetalsNonmetalsMetalloidsMetalloids

One type of Pure One type of Pure SubstanceSubstance

ElementsElements- simplest kind - simplest kind of matterof matter

All one kind of atomAll one kind of atom

110 named elements110 named elements

H, O, Cu, Fe, He, NeH, O, Cu, Fe, He, Ne

Based on this definition is HBased on this definition is H22 an element?an element?

The other type of Pure The other type of Pure SubstanceSubstance

Compounds are substances that can be Compounds are substances that can be broken down by a chemical changebroken down by a chemical change

Atoms of two or more different elements Atoms of two or more different elements that have been combined in a fixed that have been combined in a fixed proportion. proportion.

HH22O, NaCl, CaCOO, NaCl, CaCO33,,

Ele

men

t or

Com

pou

nd Sucrose-

Copper-

Hydrochloric acid-

Copper(II) chloride-

Oxygen-

Potassium-

C6H12O6

Cu

HCl

CuCl2

O2

K

CompoundElement

Compound

Compound

Element

Element

Matter FlowchartMatter Flowchart

Homogeneous Mixture

(solution)

Heterogeneous Mixture

MIXTURE

Is the composition uniform?

noyes

MixturesMixturesMade up of two or Made up of two or

more substances.more substances.

Heterogeneous-Heterogeneous- mixture is not mixture is not uniform in uniform in compositioncomposition

Hetero means Hetero means different different

Mix

ture

Mix

ture ss

Homogeneous- Homogeneous- same composition same composition throughout.throughout.

SolutionSolution – a homogenous mixture with – a homogenous mixture with particles so small they cannot be seen with particles so small they cannot be seen with a microscope and will never settle to the a microscope and will never settle to the bottom of their containerbottom of their container

Example: Vinegar, cola, apple juiceExample: Vinegar, cola, apple juice

Allo

ys Alloy- homogeneous

mixture composed of 2 or more metal elements

Examples

Steel – Fe , C, Cr, Ni

Brass – Cu & Zn

14K, 10K, 18K Gold

Hom

og

en

eou

s or

Hete

rog

en

eou

s Milk-

Sugar water-

Trail mix-

Salt water solution-

Steel-

Homogeneous

Heterogeneous

Heterogeneous

Homogeneous

Homogeneous

Ele

ment,

Com

pound,

Hete

rogeneous,

or

Hom

ogeneous Titanium-

Copper(II) sulfate-

Cheeseburger-

Calcium chloride -

Lithium nitrate solution-

Calcium-

Acetone-(nail polish Remover)-

Brass-

Element

Compound

Hetero Mixture

Compound

Homo Mixture

Element

Homo mixture

Homo mixture-alloy

Ele

ment,

Com

pound,

Hete

rogeneous,

or

Hom

ogeneous

CompoundTwo different elements

Coke and ketchupHomogeneous

Mixture

Hetero mixtureElement- O2

Matter FlowchartMatter Flowchart

MATTER

Can it be physically separated?

yes no

Can it be chemically decomposed?

noyesIs the composition uniform?

noyes

Matter FlowchartMatter Flowchart

MATTER

Can it be physically separated?

Homogeneous Mixture

(solution)

Heterogeneous Mixture Compound

MIXTURE PURE SUBSTANCE

yes no

Can it be chemically decomposed?

noyesIs the composition uniform?

noyes

Element

Separa

tion

Separa

tion

Tech

niq

ues

Tech

niq

ues

Filtration-physical operation which is used for the separation of solids from fluids

Dis

tilla

tion

Fract

ion

al

Dis

tilla

tion the separation of a mixture

into its component parts, or fractions, using their boiling point and heating them to different temperatures

Chro

mato

gra

phy

Chro

mato

gra

phy

techniques for the

techniques for the separation of

separation of mixtures. The various

mixtures. The various

constituents of the

constituents of the mixture travel at

mixture travel at different speeds,

different speeds, causing them to

causing them to separate. separate.

Exit ticketExit ticket

Exit

Tic

ket Sodium

bicarbonate-

Kool-Aid-

10K gold-

Helium gas-

Sand, salt, and iron-

Sand-

Compound

Homogeneous mixture

Homo mixture- alloy

Element

Hetero mixture

Compound

Four corners- Move to a different corner of the classroom and determine each type of matter.