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You will distinguish between physical and chemical propertiesYou will classify matter by composition.You will explain the fundamental law of the conservation of
mass
WHAT YOU’LL LEARN
A mixture is a combination of two or more substances in which each pure substance retains its individual chemical properties
This is a physical blending, not a chemical blending.
Composition of the mixture can vary Can be physically separated
MIXTURES
Heterogeneous Mixture- one that does not blend smoothly throughout and which the individual substances remain distinct
Examples: Sand and Water, Oil and Water, Cement
Homogeneous Mixture (Solutions)- has constant composition throughout; it always has a single phase
Examples: salt water, vinegar, alloys
HETEROGENEOUS VS. HOMOGENOUS
A technique that results in the formation of pure solid particles of a substance from a solution containing the dissolved substance
CRYSTALLIZATION
A technique that separates the components of a mixture on the basis of the tendency of each to travel or be drawn across the surface of another material
CHROMATOGRAPHY
Elements- are the simplest form of matter that can exist under NORMAL laboratory conditions Cannot be separated into simpler substances by chemical means
Are the building blocks for all other --substances
Compounds-are substances that can be separated into simpler substances by chemical means
ELEMENTS AND COMPOUNDS
Elements comprising compounds combine in definite proportions
Regardless of the amount, a compound is always composed of the same elements in the same proportion by mass
LAW OF DEFINITE PROPORTIONS
Water Methane
Percent by Mass- the ratio of the mass of each element to the total mass of the compound as a percentage
PERCENT BY MASS
x100compound of mass
element of mass(%) massby percent
A 78.0g sample of an unknown compound contains 12.4 g of hydrogen. What is the percent by mass of hydrogen in the compound?
PRACTICE PROBLEM
100x78.0g
12.4gmassby Percent
15.9% Hydrogen
MORE PRACTICE
Material Pure Substance or Mixture
Element, Compound, Homogeneous, Heterogeneous
Limestone (CaCO3)
Air
Bronze
Copper
Sugar + water
Concrete
Pure Water
Caffeine
Material Pure Substance or Mixture
Element, Compound, Homogeneous, Heterogeneous
Limestone (CaCO3) PURE SUBSTANCE COMPOUND
Air MIXTURE HOMOGENEOUS
Bronze MIXTURE HOMOGENEOUS
Copper PURE SUBSTANCE ELEMENT
Sugar + water MIXTURE HOMOGENEOUS
Concrete MIXTURE HETEROGENEOUS
Pure Water PURE SUBSTANCE COMPOUND
Caffeine PURE SUBSTANCE COMPOUND
MORE PRACTICE!
SUMMARY
MATTER
MatterMatter
SubstanceDefinite composition
(homogeneous)
SubstanceDefinite composition
(homogeneous)
Element(Examples: iron, sulfur,
carbon, hydrogen,oxygen, silver)
Element(Examples: iron, sulfur,
carbon, hydrogen,oxygen, silver)
Mixture ofSubstances
Variable composition
Mixture ofSubstances
Variable composition
Compound(Examples: water.
iron sulfide, methane,aluminum, silicate)
Compound(Examples: water.
iron sulfide, methane,aluminum, silicate)
Homogeneous mixtureUniform throughout,also called a solution
(Examples: air, tap water,gold alloy)
Homogeneous mixtureUniform throughout,also called a solution
(Examples: air, tap water,gold alloy)
Heterogeneous mixtureNonuniform
distinct phases(Examples: soup, concrete, granite)
Heterogeneous mixtureNonuniform
distinct phases(Examples: soup, concrete, granite)
Chemicallyseparable
Physicallyseparable
Read Oobleck Lab-There will be a QUIZ before the lab over what you will be doing!
Make sure you bring the lab back-you will not receive another one. =)
Book work: PAGE 69: 15-17 PAGE 76: 21-23 PAGE 77: 25-27, 30
HOMEWORK =)