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Matter Notes Continued
Chemistry
• The study of ________________________.
Elements
A substance that _________________ into any other substance by chemical or physical means.
Building blocks of matter because all matter is composed of _____________.
Compounds and mixtures
• Compound – a substance made up of two or more elements combined in a ________________.– Example: _______________
– ____________ – combination of symbols that shows the ratio of elements in a compound
• Mixture – consists of two or more substances that are in the same place together but are _________
_______________________________________.– Example: ____________________________________
Physical vs. Chemical changes
• Physical change – alters the form of a substance but _________ make the material into another substance.– Example: _________________________
•Chemical change – a change in matter that ______________________________.
–Example: _______________________
John Dalton
• Greek philosopher and school teacher around 440 BC
• Proposed the ________________ which states:– Atoms cannot be broken into __________________– In any element, all the atoms are _________________– Atoms of different elements are _____________– Atoms of two or more elements can combine to form
_____________– Atoms of each element have a ________________– The masses of the elements in an compound are always in
a ____________________
Chemical bonds and molecules
• Chemical bond – the force that holds _________________________________
• Molecule – A combination of ________
____________ that are bonded together.
Amorphous vs. Crystalline Solids
• Amorphous solid – do not have a distinct _______________ and are ____ arranged in a _________________________– Examples: ___________________
• Crystalline solid – form a regular _______________ and have a distinct ____________________
– Examples: ______________________
Pressure
• _____________________________
• Pressure is measured in __________ (kPa).
Boyle’s Law
• The relationship between the ________ and __________ of a gas at constant ________; when volume increases, pressure decreases.
Temperature Volume Pressure
Charles’s Law
• The relationship between the _________ and __________ of a gas at constant ___________; when temperature increases, volume increases.
Pressure Temperature Volume
Archimedes’ Principle
• The rule that the ___________ on an object is _______ to the ___________ of the fluid _____________ by the object.– Example: a boat pushes down with the same
force that that water pushes up.
Pascal’s Principle
• The rule that when _______ is applied to a ______________, the ______ in pressure is transmitted _______ to all parts in the fluid.– Example: squeezing a water bottle increases the
pressure of the entire bottle no matter where you squeeze it.