MATTER What is it? Matter: anything with mass (weight) and volume (space)
Matter What Is It? Matter: anything with mass (weight) and volume (space) Volume: amount of space an object occupies Mass: amount of matter in an object; - does not depend on gravity Mass, Volume and Weight Weight: depends on gravity
EVERYTHING is matter; matter is EVERYTHING. What is Matter Made Up Of?
Matter is made up of very tiny, microscopic particles called atoms. Atoms are the smallest part of all matter- even though they are small, they have mass and take up space Doesnt matter how big or how small, everything is made up matter Lets explore the Scale of the Universe How small are atoms? Molecules and Particles
When two or more atoms combine, they form a molecule, which are also known as particles Most molecules are made of two or more atoms A molecule is the smallest particle of a substance with the same properties of the substance. Water molecule aka Mickey Mouse molecule STATES OF MATTER States of matter are based upon:
particle or molecular arrangement energy of particles distance between particles Also known as phase changes The Four States of Matter
Four states of matter exist: Solid Liquid Gas Plasma We will discuss the first three at this time. SOLIDS STATES of MATTER particles of solids are tightly packed,
vibrate about a fixed position, particles are locked into place; little free space between particles not easily compressible solids have a definite shape and a definite volume do not flow easily particle cannot move/slide past one another Ex. Ice, wood, rocks STATES of MATTER LIQUIDS Particles of liquids are tightly packed,
but are far enough apart to move/ slide over one another (pourable) flows easily liquids have an indefinite shape take shape of container and a definite volume. Not easily compressible Ex. water, oil and honey STATES of MATTER GAS particles of gases are very far apart
particles move freely past one another gases have an indefinite shape ; take shape of container have indefinite volume are compressible lots of free space between particles Ex. water vapor, air, helium Thermal Energy What is Thermal Energy? A type of kinetic energy resulting from heat (particles moving faster or slower) Three types of thermal energy: convection, conduction and radiation Temperature Temperature The amount of kinetic (moving) energy of the particles in a substance (solid, liquid, gas) - Not how hot or cold something is.. Phase Changes Description of Phase Change
PHASE CHANGES Description of Phase Change Term for Phase Change Heat Movement During Phase Change Solid to Melting Heat goes into liquid the solid as it melts Liquid toFreezingHeat leaves Solid theliquid as it freezes Description of Phase Change
PHASE CHANGES Description of Phase Change Term for Phase Change Heat Movement During Phase Change liquid to Vaporization Heat goes into the gas which includesliquid as it vaporizes boiling & evaporation gas to CondensationHeat leaves liquid as it condenses solid to Sublimation Heat goes into the gas solid as it sublimates Thermal Energy What is Thermal Energy? A type of kinetic energy resulting from heat (particles moving faster or slower) Three types of thermal energy: convection, conduction and radiation States of Matter Change
Melting Solid to a liquid (gainsthermal energy) Ex. - Cheese melting on pizza(~250F) - Ice melts at greater than32F - Rocks turning to moltenmagma (above ~1200F) States of Matter Change
Vaporization Liquid to a gas (gain thermal energy) For water this occurs at 212F/100 Cand turns into water vapor Other liquids have differentvaporization points Evaporation Occurs on the surface of a liquid Ex. Puddles dry after storm States of Matter Change
Condensation When gas turns to a liquid (loss of thermal energy) Ex. Cold drink in glass on hotday Coke Can Cloud Formation Ice pack States of Matter Change
Freezing Liquid to a solid (loss ofthermal energy) Ex. Water freezing into cubes Freezing Rain States of Matter Change
Sublimation Solid turns to a gas (an enormous amount ofenergy must be absorbedby solid) Ex. Dry ice or CO2 (CarbonDioxide) Phase Change Diagram Water Freezing Point 32F
Boiling Point 212F Insulators and Conductors
Heat Transfer Heat transfer occurs when heat moves from hot object to cold object. [Draw a picture that shows how heat transfer from hot to cold] Thermal Insulators Thermal Insulators Objects or substances that prevent or slow down heat transfer Thermal Insulators Cotton Fleece Feathers (down pillows and jackets) Styrofoam Plastic Wood Thermal Conductors Thermal Conductors Materials that allow or increase heat transfer or substance that are poor Thermal Conductors Iron Copper Water