+ All Categories
Home > Documents > Max Planck Societymehlhorn/ftp/EATCSmonograph/chapter6.pdfü ý êéþºÿdÍ ü þ È@ÍnÿdÍ ±Í...

Max Planck Societymehlhorn/ftp/EATCSmonograph/chapter6.pdfü ý êéþºÿdÍ ü þ È@ÍnÿdÍ ±Í...

Date post: 03-Dec-2020
Category:
Upload: others
View: 3 times
Download: 0 times
Share this document with a friend
60
Transcript
Page 1: Max Planck Societymehlhorn/ftp/EATCSmonograph/chapter6.pdfü ý êéþºÿdÍ ü þ È@ÍnÿdÍ ±Í $&%(']'z¿ 'yxns(th=jfiq fcd¦atx %(fi=@xz'¥=xqp?[t[w spxzth=@fiqot[w acqp?[dg'nw

���������� ������������������������� �! "#"

$&%('*),+.-0/21 3547698#:;+03�<>=@?BAC?EDGFIH@HJFLKE?NMO$&%P'=@Q(R#SPT&=@?&ACQUSPQPVP=JW�'YXZT['YV]\CW�A^R#%5_�`badcfehgjiKB=JTh%lkmQ(FnVP'Y?!ACQPVoACQo=@QpT['N\C'NWrq�st$&%('vupS('Y?hTh=JFIQw=x?!T[FtV('YXN=xV('yKB%P'NTh%('NW�Th%(']XZFIzjR#HJ'NT['\CW�A^R#%{FIQ|q}Q(F�V('Y?~=@?yAl?hS(�P\CW�A^R#%}FCD,_j��=�s�'CsJ�&KB%('NTh%('NW~Th%('NWh'U=@?]c7����c*�,��c����`�q?hSPX�%tTh%PA^T~a��2eh�(i7��g�DGFCW!ACH@H���eh���{c � sr$&%P'NWh'*=@?7A]T[W�=J�n=xACH;�#S(T7=@Q('Z�~XN=J'YQ�T7ACH@\CFCW�=JTh%PzDGFCW7?[FIHJ��=@Q(\vTh%('r��H@=xupS(',��W�FC�#HJ'Yz]s,�ESPQ5Th%PWhFIS(\I%tACH@H�?hSP�#?['NTh?c � ��c�FCD�XNA^W�VP=@QPACH@=@Td�UqACQPV�X�%('YXh�}KE%('NTh%('NWvc�&=@Q#VPSPXZ'Y?*A�XZFIz*R#HJ'NT['�\CW�A^R�%�s{$&%P'NWh'�A^Wh'{ d¡ ¢¤£¥?['NTh?vc7�&KB=JTh%{q'YHJ'Yzj'YQpTh?Ns�$B%pSP?�FIS(W&?�=@zjR#HJ'¦ACHJ\CFCW�=@Th%Pz§X�%('YX��n?   ¡¡�¨h© £�ª{« ¡#¬ a�k*­{�9i�?hS(�#?h'NTh?�=@Q~Th%('7XNAC?['q�`®k ¬ « sl¯°T*=@?j?h=xzjR#HJ'~T[F�X�%P'YXh�}At?hS(�#?h'NTrc7��DGFCW*Th%('�XNH@=xupS('~RPWhFCR±'NWhT���²�Th=xzj'¥³ja�k © iKB=@HxHPXZ'NWhThAC=@QPH@�y?hS��rXZ'C��ACQPV~FIQ('´Th=@zj'¦SPQP=JT�=@?�XZ'NWhThAC=@QPHJ�yWh'YupS#=JWh'YV�s µt'�XZFIQPXNH@SPV('´Th%PA^T�FIS(WQPAC=J�C'¦ACHJ\CFCW�=@Th%Pzb%PAC?�W�S#QPQP=@Q(\�Th=xzj'´A^T�HJ'YAC?[T « ¡ ¬ a�k­o�9ihs�¶�'NDGFCWh'¦KO'¦XNACQ]?[ThA^T['¦Th%PA^T�Th%P=@?=@?�=@QP'Z�rXN=J'YQpTN�(KO'%#AY�C'7T[F~V('Z·�Q('¦Th%('?�=J¸N'�FCD�A�RPWhFC�#HJ'Yz�s

$B%(WhFIS(\I%(FISPT´Th%#=@?7X�%#A^RPT['NWY��K�'yAC?h?�SPzj'*Th%PA^T!XZFIz�#=xQPA^T[FCW�=@ACH;FC��¹['YXZTh?N�;=�s�'CsJ��\CW�A^R#%P?N�=@QpT['N\C'NW�?N�2?['NTh?Y�2'NThX^sJ� A^Wh'*XZF�V('YV5F¤�C'NWA~·�QP=JT['�ACHJR#%#A^�º'NT¦=@Q5?[FIzj'�»[Q#A^ThS(W�ACH;K�AY��¼�s,½¾FCWh'RPWh'YXN=x?['YHJ�C�LK�'OAC?�?hSPzj'fTh%#A^T \CW�A^R�%P?2A^Wh'�XZFnV('YV�p��Th%P'Y=JW�ACV9¹hACXZ'YQPXZ�7z*A^T[W�=J¿º�^=�s�'CsJ�CA&\CW�A^R�%,_KB=JTh%¥k�Q(F�V('Y?B=x?&XZFnVP'YV¥�n��A*�#=@Th?[T[W�=@Q(\jFCDfH@'YQ(\CTh%¥k © �ºTh%(''YQpT[W�=J'Y?BFCD�Th%('!zyA^T[W�=À¿�=@Q�W�FLKz*A¤¹[FCW]FCW�V('NWYsÁ¯ÂQpT['N\C'NW�?�A^Wh'tACHJK�AY��?]K&W�=@T[T['YQm=xQ��#=xQPA^Wh�}Wh'NRPW�'Y?['YQ�ThA^Th=@FIQ|ACQPVÃ?['NTh?�A^Wh'?[R±'YXN=À·#'YV~�n�]H@=@?[Th=@QP\!Th%('Y=@W�'YHJ'Yzj'YQpTh?B=@Q]?[FIz*'7FCW�V('NWYs

¯ÂQ¾Th%P=@?´K�AL�¾A~RPWhFC��HJ'Yz�=xQP?[ThACQPXZ',FCDfTh%('y��H@=xupS('��WhFC�#H@'Yz�=@?¦A~�#=JTh?hT[W�=@Q(\*FCD�HJ'YQ(\CTh%k © ­�HJFC\ºa�k ¬ « i�­§�^�EKE%('NWh'tK�'�A^\IAC=@Q|AC?h?hSPz*'wq�`Äk ¬ « DGFCW�?h=@zjR�H@=@XN=JT��Cs�Å´?�=@Q(\oTh%P=@?XZFIQp�C'YQ�Th=JFIQ¥FIS(WBQPAC=@�C'ACHJ\CFCW�=JTh%#zÆACXNXZ'NRPTh?BTh%P'7H@ACQ(\ISPA^\C'

ÇYÈÊÉ�ËNÌ#Í `�ÎLÏ´Ð��#²#Ï7eh�~�tÎLÑ�eY�9Ò9Ó�e¤� Ï,�p`Ãk © DGFCWB?[FIzj'ktACQ#V]Th%('�\CW�A^R#%U_KB=JTh%]ACV^¹[ACXZ'YQPXZ�]z*A^T[W�=À¿vÏ�%PAC?&AjXNHx=@upSP'�FCD ?h=@¸N'!q�eKB%('NW�'7�y=@?�Th%P'��#=@QPA^Wh�rWh'NRPWh'Y?h'YQ�ThA^Th=JFIQ�FCDfq#Ò

=@Q�Th=@z*'�Ô7a «pÕ Ö ¬�× Ø ih�IKB%('NW�' Ø =@?;Th%('&HJ'YQ(\CTh%*FCD�Th%('&=xQ(R#S(TNs µm%P'YQ�KO'&KBWhFCT['BV(F¤KBQ�Th%P=@?X�%#A^RPT['NWY��Q(F]ACHJ\CFCW�=JTh%Pz�'Z¿�=x?[T['YV���KB%P=xX�%5=@?¦XZFIQP?h=@VP'NW�A^�#HJ�¥z*FCWh'�'Z�rXN=J'YQpT�Th%PACQ5Th%('jQPAC=J�C'ACHJ\CFCW�=@Th%Pz�V('Y?�XZW�=J�±'YV�A^�±FL�C'C�2ACQPV¥KO',KB=@HxH2?['N'�=@Q�Th%P=x?BX�%#A^RPT['NWY�±Th%PA^T¦=JTB=@?E�C'NWh�¥SPQ#H@=J�C'YHJ�Th%PA^TETh%('NWh'KE=@H@H±'N�C'NW¦�±'7FIQ('Cs�µt'KE=@H@H�ACH@?[F~?['N'Th%#A^T���Hx=@upSP'¦?�%PA^Wh'Y?ETh%P=@?�RPW�FCRº'NW�Td�vKB=JTh%z*ACQp�yFCTh%('NWEXZFIz�#=xQPA^T[FCW�=@ACH±RPW�FC�#HJ'Yz*?N�n'Cs�\(sJ�#Th%P'¦$ W�AL�C'YH@=@Q(\rÙ�ACH@'Y?hz*ACQv��W�FC�#HJ'Yz§ACQPVvTh%('Ù�A^Th=@?[·�A^�#=@H@=@Td�*�OWhFC�#HJ'Yz§FCD RPWhFCR±FI?h=JTh=@FIQPACH±HJFC\I=@X^s

Ú 'NT�S#?fThA^�C'7A,XNHJFI?['NW�HJFpFC�*A^T�Th%('���H@=@unS('&�OWhFC�#HJ'Yz�s $&%P'NWh'EA^Wh'   ¡ ¢¤£ ?hSP�#?['NTh?�c7���ÃcFCD�XNA^W�VP=@Q#ACH@=JTd�*q���=�s�'CsJ�pDGFCWOA!XNH@=@unS('�FCD�?h=J¸N'�q,Th%('NWh'´A^Wh'B�C'NWh�*zyACQ��jXNACQPVP=xVPA^T['Y?Ns;¯�T�=@?�'YAC?[�T[FT['Y?hT�KB%('NTh%P'NWOA?�S(�#?['NT�c � �mc�VP'Z·�Q('Y?fA!XNH@=@unS('C��=�s�'CsJ�nKB%('NTh%('NW�AXNACQPV#=@VPA^T['B=@?O=@QPV('N'YVA�?[FIHxS(Th=JFIQ�srÛEF¤KO'N�C'NWY�;Th%('rFIQPHJ�U�nQPFLKBQ�K�AL�tFCDO·ºQPVP=@Q(\]A�?hFIH@S(Th=JFIQ�=x?�T[F¥'Z¿(%PACSP?[Th=@�C'YHJ�?['YA^W�X�%�Th%(W�FIS(\I%]ACH@H2XNACQPV#=@VPA^T['Y?Ns

$B%P=@?�XZFIQPXZ'NRPT*=@?��±'Y?[TjV('Y?�XZW�=J�±'YVl�p�wTh%('�Q(FCTh=JFIQ}FCD´A�Ü 8�Ü Ý 3pÞL3n69<l-.Ü -GßNÞ¤-Gà�á�+0â�8(ã6^-xÞ9ä <�s�$&%('!=@QP?[T[W�S#XZTh=JFIQ]?['NTBFCD�Q(FIQ#V('NT['NW�z*=@Q#=@?[Th=@XE�Eå´½�æç?´XZFIQpThAC=@QP?&FIQP'zjFCWh'=xQP?[T[W�SPXéèTh=JFIQ��(Th%P'7Q(FIQPV('NT['NW�zy=@QP=@?[Th=xXEX�%(FI=@XZ'=@Q#?[T[W�SPXZTh=JFIQ2Mà^ä�8º-0à�3

ÈJêIëéÍZÈ�ì � ÈÀê�ë�ÍZÈ © sí�î�ï.ð0ñçò�ó^ô ìÂõZö�ì°÷Zö õhõ ø ñçù�îhô ìhì ô ì�ú ûYì�û

Page 2: Max Planck Societymehlhorn/ftp/EATCSmonograph/chapter6.pdfü ý êéþºÿdÍ ü þ È@ÍnÿdÍ ±Í $&%(']'z¿ 'yxns(th=jfiq fcd¦atx %(fi=@xz'¥=xqp?[t[w spxzth=@fiqot[w acqp?[dg'nw

« ü ý êéþºÿdÍ���������� ü ��� þ�È@ÍNÿdÍ��±Í����$&%(']'Z¿�'YXNS(Th=JFIQ�FCD¦AtX�%(FI=@XZ'¥=xQP?[T[W�SPXZTh=@FIQoT[W�ACQP?[DG'NW�?jXZFIQpT[WhFIH&T[F�'Y=@Th%('NW ÈJêIë�ÍNÈ ì FCW ÈÀê�ë�ÍZÈ © s$&%('NW�',A^Wh'�Q(FvRPWhFC��A^�#=@H@=JTh=@'Y?&AC?h?[F�XN=@A^T['YVUKB=JTh%¾Th%('jACHJT['NW�QPA^Th=@�C'Y?´AC?�=xQ¥W�ACQ#V(FIz*=J¸N'YVUACHJ\CF^èW�=JTh%#z*?N��W�A^Th%('NWTh%('~X�%(FI=xXZ'~=@?z*ACV('y�n��A¥VP'YzjFIQ�sv¯°Qw?[F¥D.A^W,Th%('NWh'r=x?7A¾HxA^Wh\C'yQnSPz�±'NWFCD�R±FI?h?�=J�#HJ'XZFIz*R#S(ThA^Th=JFIQP?¦FIQtACQp��·#¿n'YV5=@Q(R�S(TEV('NR±'YQPV#=@Q(\*FIQ5Th%('j?['YunS('YQPXZ'�FCD�Q(FIQPV('ZèT['NW�z*=xQP=@?[Th=@X´X�%PFI=@XZ'Y?EzyACV('��p�vTh%('!V('YzjFIQ�s�å�Q(FIQPVP'NT['NW�z*=@QP=x?[Th=@X´ACHJ\CFCW�=JTh%Pz�áPàIàI3���Þ¤ßACQ=@Q(R�S(TN�n=@D�Th%('NWh'!=@? êCÿOÈJÍ�ê��éÿ � �ºÍ ACXNXZ'NRPTh=xQ(\yXZFIzjR#SPThA^Th=JFIQ]FIQ]Th%PA^TE=@Q(R#S(T¦a�?['N',Ù�'YXZTh=JFIQ��ns@�DGFCWBACQ]'Z¿(ACXZTBV('Z·�QP=@Th=JFIQ±ihs�$&%('�Þ¤-.<w3�àI8º<��;+G3���-0Þ���FCD;AjQ(FIQPV('NT['NW�zy=@QP=@?[Th=xXEACHJ\CFCW�=JTh%PzÆ=@?Th%('7HJ'YQP\CTh%]FCD;Th%('7?h%(FCWhT['Y?hTBACXNXZ'NRPTh=@Q(\rXZFIzjR#S(ThA^Th=JFIQ2s

µt'v=@H@HxSP?[T[W�A^T['*Th%P'rQ('NK§XZFIQPXZ'NRPT,FCDBA¥QPFIQPV('NT['NW�z*=xQP=@?[Th=@XjACH@\CFCW�=JTh%Pz �p��V('Y?�XZW�=J�#=@QP\A5Q(FIQPV('NT['NW�z*=@QP=@?hTh=@X*ACHJ\CFCW�=@Th%Pz�D0FCWy��H@=xupS('rKB%P=@X�%lW�SPQP?,=@QlR±FIHJ�nQPFIz*=@ACHfTh=xzj'Cstµt'�SP?['Q(FIQPVP'NT['NW�z*=@QP=x?[Th=@X�X�%PFI=@XZ'Y?¦T[F~?h'YHJ'YXZT�ArXNACQPV#=@VPA^T['�?['NT�c!� ACQPV¾Th%('YQ5X�%('YX��¾V('NT['NW�zy=@QP=@?[Th=JèXNACH@HJ�vKB%P'NTh%('NW´=@TE=@?E=@QPV('N'YV¾Ar?[FIHxS(Th=JFIQ�s&½¾FCWh',RPWh'YXN=@?['YH@�C��Th%(',ACHJ\CFCW�=JTh%#z K�FCWh�n?¦=@Q¥Th%(Wh'N'?[ThA^\C'Y?NsO¯°Q�Th%('�·#W�?hT&?[ThA^\C'Th%('!=@Q(R#S(T�?[T[W�=xQ(\*Ï´Ð��~=@?�R�A^W�?['YV�ACQPV¥k¥`�� Ï,� ì ¨�© ACQ#V¾q��PTh%('QnSPz�±'NW¦Wh'NRPW�'Y?['YQ�T['YV��p�U�#=JTh?[T[W�=@Q(\v�P� A^W�'*XZFIzjR#S(T['YV�s�¯°DOTh%P'*=@Q(R#S(T¦=@?�Q(FCT�FCD�Th%('*DGFCW�zÏ´Ðj�]FCW7=JD´� Ï��º=@?¦Q(FCT�A]?hupS#A^Wh'�Th%('YQUTh%('j=@Q(R#S(T´=@?´Wh'°¹['YXZT['YV�sjÙ�ThA^\C'��,XNACQ�XZ'NWhThAC=@QPHJ�¥�º'V(FIQ('¦=@Q~R±FIHJ��Q(FIz*=@ACH#Th=@zj'Cs�¯ÂQ~?hThA^\C' « �(��WhFC\CW�ACz �´QPFIQPV('NT['NW�z*=xQP=@?[Th=@XNACHxHJ�,?h'YHJ'YXZTh?&A�?hS(�(è?['NT�c7� �|c FCD�?h=@¸N'�qv�n�]Q(FIQPV('NT['NW�z*=@QP=@?hTh=@XNACH@HJ�*\C'YQP'NW�A^Th=@Q(\~A*�#=JT[�C'YXZT[FCW�� �À�"!#!�k%$�KB%#=@X�%XZFIQpThAC=@QP?�'Z¿(ACXZThHJ�¥q~FIQ('Y?N��=�s�'CsJ�&�'� ()$�` ��=+*,(f�¾c � s

- 8#6.( - 698�< �¦ÞL8wkÝ 8�à^ä 8�-GàI3 Ø ì � Ø © ²Ø ì M/�'� (0$21 Ñ�²

â#8PÞ¤8 Ø ²Ø © M/�'� (0$21Ä�^²

q31 q54��^²Ø M

8�ÝO²- - q76`ÃÑjÞ¤ä 3nÜ�?[T[FCR¾ACQ#VvWh'°¹Â'YXZT - -�s

47698#â�6¤á#< 8

$B%('!a�?hS#XNXZ'Y?h?[D.SPH.i;'Z¿n'YXNS(Th=@FIQrFCD���WhFC\CW�ACz �E\C'YQ('NW�A^T['Y?&FIQ('EFCD�Th%('�  ¡ ¢¤£¦?hS(�#?h'NTh?�c!�±�c*����c � ��` q�sjÙ�ThA^\C' « ThA^�C'Y?7Th=@z*'r³ja�k ihs*ÙnThA^\C':9vX�%P'YXh��?,c � D0FCW7Th%P'*XNH@=@unS('!R#WhFCR±'NWhTd�Cs$&%P=x?�XNACQ]XZ'NWhThAC=@Q#HJ�j�±'EV(FIQ('¦=@QrR±FIHJ�nQPFIz*=@ACHPTh=xzj'´ACHx?[F(s�¯�D c � =@?�A,XNHx=@upSP'BTh%('YQ~Th%('¦=@Q(R#SPT=@?EACXNXZ'NRPT['YV��±FCTh%('NWhKB=x?['!=JTE=@?&Wh'°¹['YXZT['YV�s´$&%('!ACH@\CFCW�=JTh%Pz�V('Y?hXZW�=J�±'YV�%#AC?BTh=@z*'XZFIzjR#HJ'Z¿(=JT��R±FIHJ��Q(FIz*=@ACHI=xQ!k~ACQPV,%('YQPXZ'�RºFIH@�nQ(FIzy=@ACH�=@Q Ø �CTh%('�HJ'YQ(\CTh%,FCDPTh%('�=@Q(R#SPTNs å´H@?[F(�C=JT;ACXNXZ'NRPTh?Th%('&H@ACQP\ISPA^\C' ÇNÈ É.ËYÌ#Í ��AC?�K�'&Q(FLK�?�%(FLK7s;¯°D#Th%('�\CW�A^R#%y_ `�adcfehgji;V(Fp'Y?�QPFCTf%PAY�C'&A�XNH@=xupS('FCDf?h=J¸N'*q��ºTh%('YQ¥Th%P',?hSP�#?['NT¦c � � c \C'YQ('NW�A^T['YVt=@Q¾?[ThA^\C' « VPFp'Y?´Q(FCT´D0FCW�z�AyXNHx=@upSP'!ACQPV%('YQPXZ'�Th%('NW�'�=@?;Q(F¦ACXNXZ'NRPTh=@QP\7XZFIzjR#S(ThA^Th=JFIQ,FIQj=@QPR#S(T _js���FIQp�C'NW�?['YH@�C��=JD�_m%PAC?�A¦XNH@=@unS('OFCD?h=J¸N'�q��(?hAY�]c7�.��Th%('YQrTh%('NWh'¦=@?�A!XZFIzjR�S(ThA^Th=JFIQ~KB%P=@X�%y\C'YQP'NW�A^T['Y?�Th%PA^T��C'NWh�~c�º=xQy?[ThA^\C' « s$&%P=x?�XZFIz*R#S(ThA^Th=JFIQ¾=@?�ACXNXZ'NRPTh=@Q(\(s

µt'E%PAY�C'ETh%pSP?�?h%(FLKEQjTh%PA^TfTh%('¦��H@=@unS('���WhFC��HJ'YzÁXNACQ*�±'&?[FIHJ�C'YVy=@Q�R±FIHJ�nQPFIz*=@ACHnTh=@zj'�n��A¥Q(FIQPVP'NT['NW�z*=@QP=x?[Th=@X�ACHJ\CFCW�=JTh%#z]s Ú 'NT �;� �º'rTh%('rXNHxAC?h?FCD�R#WhFC�#HJ'Yz*?7KB%P=@X�%�XNACQl�º'?[FIHJ�C'YV¥=@QvR±FIHJ�nQPFIz*=@ACH�Th=@zj'�FIQ¥AjQPFIQPV('NT['NW�z*=xQP=@?[Th=@X´z*ACX�%P=@Q('7ACQPV]H@'NT=<Á�±'¦Th%('XNH@AC?h?&FCDí�î�ï.ð0ñçò�ó^ô ìÂõZö�ì°÷Zö õhõ ø ñçù�îhô ìhì ô ì�ú û © û

Page 3: Max Planck Societymehlhorn/ftp/EATCSmonograph/chapter6.pdfü ý êéþºÿdÍ ü þ È@ÍnÿdÍ ±Í $&%(']'z¿ 'yxns(th=jfiq fcd¦atx %(fi=@xz'¥=xqp?[t[w spxzth=@fiqot[w acqp?[dg'nw

���?>@�BA(ÌC�éÉD��EBF�êIÇ ý ÉD�±Í��ê��HGBI�ê��HG ���KJ Ç�Ç�Í����F�êIÇ ý É?�ºÍ�� 9

RPWhFC��HJ'Yz*?OKB%P=@X�%~XNACQv�±'¦?[FIHJ�C'YV]=@Q~R±FIHJ��Q(FIz*=@ACH#Th=@zj'¦FIQvAjV('NT['NW�z*=xQP=@?[Th=@XEz*ACX�%#=@Q('Cs/L¦Q('FCD Th%('z*A¤¹[FCW&Wh'Y?hS#HJTh?�FCD;Th%P=@?�X�%#A^RPT['NWE=@?YM

< ` �� =+* ��Hx=@upSP'E��<M!$&%('!XNH@AC?h? �;� XZFIQ�ThAC=@Q#?EArH@A^Wh\C'!QnSPz!�±'NWBFCDfXZFIz!�#=@QPA^T[FCW�=xACH2RPWhFC��HJ'Yz*?7a�XZD°s´Ùn'YXZTh=JFIQ7�nsONpiDGFCW�KE%P=@X�%~z*ACQp�*Wh'Y?['YA^W�X�%('NW�?�%#AY�C'7=@QpT['YQP?h=J�C'YH@�j�º'N'YQrT[Wh��=@Q(\,T[F,·�QPV*'Z�~XN=J'YQ�T�ACHJ\CFCW�=JTh%Pz*?�#S(T Q(FIQ('O%#AC?2�±'N'YQVP=x?hXZFL�C'NWh'YV,?[F´DGA^WLs�¯°D���H@=@unS(';KO'NW�'�=@QP<�Th%('YQ!Th%('NWh'OKOFIS#H@V��±'�'Z�rXN=@'YQ�TV('NT['NW�zy=@QP=@?[Th=xX´ACH@\CFCW�=JTh%Pz*?�DGFCWEACHxH�Th%('Y?['!RPWhFC�#HJ'Yzy?�KB%P=@X�%]=@?BSPQ#H@=J�C'YHJ�Csf$&%nSP?E��H@=@unS(' ¬�Q<=@?�A*?�A^D0'XZFIQ^¹Â'YXZThS(W�'Cs

¯ÂQlTh%(']?['YunS('YH�KO']KE=@H@HfDGWh'YunS('YQpThHJ�wXZFIzj'�ACXZW�FI?h?�Th%('�XNH@AC?h?�FCD´ACH@H�ACHJ\CFCW�=JTh%#z*?,FCD´AXZ'NWhThAC=@Q¾XZFIzjR#HJ'Z¿(=JT��Cs�¯°Q¥RPW�=@QPXN=@R#HJ'C�nKO'�XZFISPH@V]��AC?['Th%(',VP=@?hXNS#?h?h=JFIQvFIQ¥Th%('�´åE½ zjF�V('YH�sÛ´FLK�'N�C'NWY� Th%P'*VP=@?hXNSP?�?h=JFIQ¾KB=@H@H �±','YAC?�=J'NW=JDOKO'*SP?h'�A¥?h=@zjR#H@'NW´z*ACX�%P=@Q('jzjF�V('YH�M�$ S(W�=@QP\½UACX�%P=@QP'Y?7a�$&½�ihs�$&%('�W�'YH@A^Th=JFIQ]�±'NTdK�'N'YQ¥$B½�æç?&ACQ#V]Wh'YACH�XZFIz*R#S(T['NW�?&=x?�HJ'Y?h?&VP=@Wh'YXZT�Th%PACQ�±'NTdK�'N'YQ��´åE½wæç?,ACQPV�Wh'YACHOXZFIzjR#S(T['NW�?!ACQPV�Th%('NWh'NDGFCWh'rXZFIz*R#HJ'Z¿(=JTd�5�±FISPQPVP?V('NW�=J�C'YVtDGFCW$&½wæç?BA^Wh',Q(FCTEV#=JWh'YXZThHJ�vA^RPR#H@=xXNA^�#HJ'¦T[FrW�'YACH�XZFIzjR#SPT['NW�?Ns�ÛEF¤KO'N�C'NWY�±Th%(',HJFI?h?E=@Q]'Z�rXN=J'YQ#XZ�=@?O�±FISPQPV('YVr�p�rA!R±FIHJ��Q(FIz*=xACH2a�$&%('NFCWh'Yz �´FCD Ù�'YXZTh=JFIQR�ns@�9ifACQPV~Th%('NWh'NDGFCWh'¦Th%('�XNH@AC?h?['Y?S<ACQPV �� KB=@HxH��±'�Th%('7?�ACzj'7DGFCW&�±FCTh%�zjF�V('YH@?Ns

T UWVXUZY\[ ]�^W_ `badcfe@gh^W_hiCj3cf_hkmlncf_hk oqp rQeCe�iCj�j.adcfe@gh^W_ isj

$&%('�$&½ =@? A´�C'NWh�?h=xzjR#HJ'�z*FnV('YHpFCD#A¦SPQP=@�C'NW�?hACH�XZFIz*R#S(T['NWYs;$&%('NWh'�A^Wh'�FIQPHJ��T�KOF�R#A^W�Th?NM AXZFIQpT[WhFIH#SPQ#=JT�ACQPV*A7?[T[FCW�A^\C'ESPQP=@TNs $&%P'&?[T[FCW�A^\C'ES#QP=JTf=@?�A7?�=@Q(\IHJ'&?['Yzy=Àèd=@Q�·�Q#=JT['´a�=xQ�·�QP=JT['�T[FTh%('´W�=J\I%pTZi�ThA^Rº'Csf$B%('EThA^R±'�=@?�VP=J��=@V('YVr=@Q�T[F�?hunSPA^Wh'Y?�KB%P=xX�%vXNACQv?[T[FCWh'�A�?h=@Q(\IHJ'´X�%PA^W�ACXZT['NWFCD�A~·�QP=JT['*ACHJR�%PA^�±'NT´'YACX�%�sy$&%P'�XZFIQpT[WhFIHOSPQP=JT¦%PAC?7Av·ºQP=JT['jQpS#z�±'NW¦FCD�?[ThA^T['Y?N� =@T7?hXNACQP?Th%('�ThA^R±'7�n�~Ay?h=@Q(\IHJ'¦Wh'YACV%t¤K&W�=JT['Zèd%('YACV�KB%P=@X�%]=@?�FIQ('7?hunSPA^Wh'7=xQ]?h=J¸N'Cs

u =@QP=JT['��FIQ�T[W�FIH

vB-Gâ�1 6¤3w8yx z¦=@?hSPACH@=@¸YA^Th=JFIQvFCD Ay$ S(W�=@Q(\j½¾ACX�%P=@Q('µt'rRPWhFC\CW�ACz $&½�æç?�p�t$ S(W�=@QP\~ThA^��HJ'Y?Ns u FCW!'YACX�%w?[ThA^T['rFCD�Th%('j·�QP=@T['*XZFIQ�T[WhFIH�ACQPV

'YACX�%5HJ'NT[T['NW´FCD�Th%('!ThA^Rº',ACHJR#%PA^�±'NT&Th%P'!$ S(W�=@Q(\jThA^��HJ'?[R±'YXN=À·#'Y?EAy?['NTEFCD�R±FI?h?h=J�#H@'7ACXZTh=JFIQP?a�=@Q�Th%('¾XNAC?['UFCD7AlQ(FIQPV('NT['NW�zy=@QP=@?[Th=xX~zyACX�%P=@QP'^i!FCWvAw?h=xQ(\IHJ'¥ACXZTh=JFIQ�a�=@Q�Th%('¾XNAC?['UFCDAV('NT['NW�zy=@QP=@?[Th=xX*z*ACX�%#=@Q('^ihs�å´QlACXZTh=@FIQ}XZFIQP?h=@?[Th?,FCDETh%(Wh'N'~R#A^WhTh?NM~X�%PACQ(\I=xQ(\¾Th%P'v?hThA^T[']FCDTh%('·�QP=JT['XZFIQpT[WhFIH��ºRPW�=xQ�Th=@QP\*ArQ('NK�?[��z�±FIH2FIQ¾Th%('�?hunSPA^Wh'SPQ#V('NWBTh%('!Wh'YACVHt¤K&W�=JT['Zèd%('YACVí�î�ï.ð0ñçò�ó^ô ìÂõZö�ì°÷Zö õhõ ø ñçù�îhô ìhì ô ì�ú û�{°û

Page 4: Max Planck Societymehlhorn/ftp/EATCSmonograph/chapter6.pdfü ý êéþºÿdÍ ü þ È@ÍnÿdÍ ±Í $&%(']'z¿ 'yxns(th=jfiq fcd¦atx %(fi=@xz'¥=xqp?[t[w spxzth=@fiqot[w acqp?[dg'nw

| ü ý êéþºÿdÍ���������� ü ��� þ�È@ÍNÿdÍ��±Í����ACQPV�z*FL��=@Q(\]Th%('*%('YACV��p�tA^TzjFI?hT�FIQ('y?hunSPA^Wh'jT[F�Th%P'yHJ'NDGT�FCW7T[F�Th%('*W�=J\I%�TNs*å§$&½>=@??[ThA^WhT['YV��p�~K&W�=JTh=xQ(\!Th%P'7=@Q(R#S(T�?[T[W�=xQ(\�FCD;H@'YQ(\CTh%]kUFIQ�T[FrTh%('¦·#W�?[T�kt?hunSPA^Wh'Y?�FCD Th%('7ThA^R±'C�R#H@ACXN=xQ(\¦Th%('B%('YACVyFL�C'NW�Th%('�·#W�?hT&a�HJ'ND0Thz*FI?[TZi ?[��z�±FIH(FCD±Th%('E=@Q(R#S(T;?[T[W�=xQ(\7ACQPVjR#SPT[Th=@Q(\�Th%('z*ACX�%P=@Q('¦=@QpT[F�Aj?hRº'YXN=xACH�?[ThA^T['C�#Th%('�=@QP=JTh=@ACH�?[ThA^T['CsOå´H@H�FCTh%('NWB?hunSPA^Wh'Y?�A^Wh'7=xQP=JTh=@ACH@H@�!'YzjR#Td�C�=�s�'CsJ�BXZFIQpThAC=@QmTh%('5?[��z�±FIH\t} FCD7Th%('UThA^R±'UACHJR�%PA^�±'NTNs $&%('5$&½ RPW�FnXZ'N'YVP?vAC?v?[R±'YXN=À·#'YV�n�UTh%P'r$ S(W�=@Q(\]ThA^��HJ'rSPQpTh=@Hf=@T7Wh'YACX�%P'Y?,A¥R#AC=JW7FCD&?hThA^T['~ACQPVwX�%PA^W�ACXZT['NW�?�XNACQPQ('YV��n�tTh%('Wh'YACVHt¤KBW�=JT['Zèd%('YACV¥D0FCW´KB%P=@X�%�Q(F~ACXZTh=JFIQ¾=x?B?[R±'YXN=À·#'YV¥=@Q�Th%(',$ SPW�=@Q(\jThA^�#H@'Cs&å�TBTh%P=@?BR±FI=@Q�TTh%('~z*ACX�%P=xQ('y?[T[FCR#?Ys�$&%('*FIS(T[R�S(T7FCD�Th%('~XZFIzjR#S(ThA^Th=JFIQl=@?Th%('rQ(FIQ(è�'YzjRPTd�5R#A^W�TFCD�Th%('ThA^R±'Csf¯ÂQvTh%P=@?�K�AY�vK�'XNACQ�SP?['!$&½�æç?&T[FyXZFIzjR#S(T['DGSPQ#XZTh=JFIQP?Ns

L¦D0T['YQKO'�SP?['�$B½¾? T[FEW�'YXZFC\IQP=J¸N'OHxACQ(\ISPA^\C'Y?Ns;¯ÂQ7Th%P=@? XZFIQPQ('YXZTh=JFIQ!TdK�F¦V('Z·�QP=JTh=@FIQP?2A^Wh'R±FI?h?h=J��HJ'CM�Ay$&½ Wh'YXZFC\IQP=J¸N'Y?´A*H@ACQP\ISPA^\C'!=JD;=JT&XZFIzjR�S(T['Y?&Th%('!X�%PA^W�ACXZT['NW�=@?[Th=@XDGSPQ#XZTh=JFIQ��(FCWK�'EV('Y?h=@\IQPA^T['EA,?hS(�#?h'NTfFCD�Th%('E?hThA^T['Y?�AC?OACXNXZ'NRPTh=xQ(\,ACQ#VyXNACH@H�A!XZFIzjR�S(ThA^Th=JFIQyACXNXZ'NR#Th=@Q(\�=JD=JTf'YQ#VP?�=@QyACQrACXNXZ'NRPTh=xQ(\,?hThA^T['Csf¶OFCTh%vV('Z·ºQP=JTh=JFIQP?�A^W�'B'YunSP=J�^ACHJ'YQ�TN²nTh%('´?['YXZFIQPVrFIQ('EACH@H@FLKB?DGFCWBA*zjFCWh'7Q#A^ThS(W�ACH�T[Wh'YA^Thz*'YQ�TEFCD Q(FIQ#V('NT['NW�z*=@Q#=@?hz]s;$&%('7V('NThAC=xH@?�A^Wh'AC?BD0FIH@H@FLKB?Ns

~ 3��;Ü -0Þ¤-G8�Ü��yåÆÜ�8ºÜ�Ý 3�Þ¤3p6^<w-.Ü -GßNÞ¤-Gàw�5� =@?7A | è�ThSPR#HJ'3� `�a���e��Oe��Le���ihs]Û´'NWh'n�b`Î�� ì e#!#!#!Le����YÒ�=@?�A¾·�QP=JT['~?['NT�FCDE?[ThA^T['Y?Y����` Î�� ì e#!#!#!Le���pÒ�=@?�A¥·ºQP=JT['yThA^R±']ACHJR#%#A^�º'NTN�� ì Th%('B=@QP=@Th=@ACH�?[ThA^T['C�������mA7?['NTfFCD�ACXNXZ'NRPTh=xQ(\?[ThA^T['Y?�ACQPVB�,M��w���7� «@�h�C�H�&��� ì�� ÷���� ì��A*T[W�ACQP?h=JTh=JFIQ�DGSPQ#XZTh=JFIQ�s�µt',AC?h?�SPzj'5�na)�(e� #iO`¢¡*D0FCW´ACH@H2�r�7� ACQPVQ ]�£��s�$&%('$B½¤�=@?OÝ 3pÞL3n69<l-.Ü -GßNÞ¤-Gà!=JD�� �na)�(e� #ié�s¥ �BDGFCW�'N�C'NWh�r?[ThA^T['�,ACQPVrACHJR#%PA^�±'NT�?[��z!�ºFIHy #sf$&%P'YQB�7=@?'YunSP=J�^ACHJ'YQ�T�T[FrA�R#A^WhTh=@ACH�D.SPQPXZTh=@FIQn�!M��¢�n�,�¦�¢�n�w�tÎ@4�^ehÑ�e�­��9Òj=@Q]AjQPA^ThS(W�ACH2K�AL�Cs

µt'¾SP?['R� ì T[F�V('YQ(FCT['�Th%P']'YzjRPTd�oThA^R±'�?hunSPA^Wh'�ACQPVoKBW�=JT['�ACHJT['NW�Q#A^T['YHJ�§� ì FCW.t} så�àI8�Ü2� âº1�69á(Þ¤-G8ºÜ©¨ =@?]A�?hT[W�=@Q(\�=@Qª� Ó a��«�b��iW� Ó ACQ#V�V('Y?hXZW�=@�º'Y?vA�?�QPA^R#?h%(FCT]FCDjAXZFIzjR#SPThA^Th=JFIQ�s¯°D�Ï!a)�(e� Pid�5=@?¦AvXZFIQ�·#\ISPW�A^Th=JFIQ5Th%('YQtÏ; p�¾=@?´Th%('�ThA^Rº'jXZFIQpT['YQ�TN�¬��=@?´Th%('?[ThA^T['!FCD Th%P'�·�QP=JT['�XZFIQpT[WhFIH�ACQ#V�Th%('7%('YACV¾?hXNACQP?E?[�nz!�±FIHf #s Ú 'NT¨ ì `ÃÏ ì a)� ì e�  ì id� ì ACQPV¨ © ` Ï © a)� © e�  © id� © �±'*XZFIQ�·�\IS(W�A^Th=JFIQP?Ys:¨ © =@?7A]ßL1 àIàI3nßYßY8�6�àI8ºÜq�;â�1 6¤áPÞ¤-G8�Ü{FCD=¨ ì ��=@Q?[��z�±FIH@?=¨ ì�­ ¨ © �#=JD°MAni¾a)� © e } e#4�9iO���na)� ì e�  ì iOACQPV�Ï ì `|Ï ©   © ACQPV�� © ` } � ì FCW��i¥a)� © e�  © ehÑni����na)� ì e�  ì i¾ACQPV�Ï ì `|Ï © ACQPV�� ì `Ã� © FCWX9i¾a)� © e } e�­��9iO���na)� ì e�  ì iOACQPV�Ï © `|Ï ì } ACQPV�a�� ì `ª  © � © FCWE� ì `|� © `¯®&ACQPV�  © `°t} ihs

­ Ó V('YQPFCT['Y?vTh%('tWh'�±#'Z¿(=J�C'C�BT[W�ACQP?h=JTh=J�C'tXNHJFI?�S(Wh'UFCDWh'YH@A^Th=@FIQ ­ s å XZFIQ(·#\IS(W�A^Th=JFIQm¨ `Ïa)�Pe� Pid�|=@?¥A�ä�á�+xÞ9-GÜ âÆàI8ºÜq�;â�1 6¤áPÞ¤-G8�Ü��=JD �pa)�(e� #iw`²¡n�7=JT¾=@?�ACQ á#àIàI3���Þ¤-.Ü âÆàI8�Ü2ã�;â�1 6¤á(Þ9-08ºÜf��=JD=���m�j�OACQPV}=@T�=x?,ACQ�-.Ü -0Þ¤-Gá#+,àI8�Ü2� âº1�69á(Þ¤-G8ºÜ KE=JTh%lWh'Y?[R±'YXZT�T[F�?[T[W�=@Q(\³ `¯  ì   © !#!#!�  ¡ �P=JD¬�,`m� ì �PÏÃ`m®N�& *`ª  ì ACQPV���`ª  © !#!#!�  ¡ så àI8�<w� 1�ÞLá(Þ9-08ºÜ5FIQv=@Q(R#SPT ³ �n� Ó =@?�A!?h'YupS('YQ#XZ'�¨ ÷ e�¨ ì e#!#!#!�¨ ¢ FCD XZFIQ�·#\ISPW�A^Th=JFIQP?KB=JTh%´¨¶µ ­ ¨¶µ � ì D0FCW�Ñw¥·(5¸Æq�ACQPVb¨ ÷ ACQl=@QP=@Th=@ACHfXZFIQ�·#\ISPW�A^Th=JFIQwKB=JTh%�W�'Y?[R±'YXZT!T[F ³ så XZFIz*R#S(ThA^Th=JFIQ]=@?�ACXNXZ'NRPTh=@QP\�a�%PACHJTh=@Q(\�ih�(=JD"¨ ¢ =@?�ACQ]ACXNXZ'NRPTh=xQ(\]a�%PACHJTh=@Q(\�i�XZFIQ�·#\ISPW�A^Th=JFIQ�s$&%('7H@'YQ(\CTh%vFCD;Th%('XZFIzjR#SPThA^Th=JFIQ�=@?Bq�s

µt'�A^Wh'�Q(FLK}W�'YACV(�7T[F7V('Z·�QP'�Th%('�H@ACQ(\IS#A^\C'�ACXNXZ'NR#T['YVj�p�!A´$B½�ACQPV!Th%('�Th=@zj'�XZFIzjR#HJ'Z¿(=JT��FCD Th%('z*ACX�%P=@Q('Csí�î�ï.ð0ñçò�ó^ô ìÂõZö�ì°÷Zö õhõ ø ñçù�îhô ìhì ô ì�ú û�úÂû

Page 5: Max Planck Societymehlhorn/ftp/EATCSmonograph/chapter6.pdfü ý êéþºÿdÍ ü þ È@ÍnÿdÍ ±Í $&%(']'z¿ 'yxns(th=jfiq fcd¦atx %(fi=@xz'¥=xqp?[t[w spxzth=@fiqot[w acqp?[dg'nw

���?>@�BA(ÌC�éÉD��EBF�êIÇ ý ÉD�±Í��ê��HGBI�ê��HG ���KJ Ç�Ç�Í����F�êIÇ ý É?�ºÍ�� N

~ 3��;Ü -0Þ¤-G8�Ü�� Ú 'NT=� ` a��&e���e��¤e���i��±'7A*$&½wsAni.¹Ea)��i�` Î ³ �R� Ó ²]Th%('NW�'=@?�ACQ¥ACXNXZ'NR#Th=@Q(\yXZFIzjR�S(ThA^Th=JFIQ]FCD � FIQ�=@Q(R#SPT ³ Ò=x?�Th%('!+Gá#Ü â�1 áPâ#3UáPàIàI3�� ÞL3pÝw�n�Z� s��i Ú 'NT'� �±'~V('NT['NW�z*=@QP=@?hTh=@X*ACQPVwT[FCThACH��O=�s�'CsJ�fTh%('NWh'v=@?,AU%#ACHJTh=@Q(\UXZFIzjR#S(ThA^Th=JFIQoFCD;�

FIQw'N�C'NWh� ³ �º� Ó s5$&%('YQ§� àI8�<w�;12ÞL3nß - 1 Ü�àIÞ¤-G8�Üm»�¼ M½� Ó �¾� Ó =JD�DGFCW!'N�C'NWh�³ ��� Ó Th%P'7ThA^R±'!XZFIQpT['YQ�T´FCD;Th%('%PACHJTh=xQ(\*XZFIQ�·#\IS(W�A^Th=JFIQ�FCD;Th%(',XZFIzjR#S(ThA^Th=JFIQ¥FCD �FIQ¥=@Q(R#S(T ³ =@?M»�¼5a ³ ihs

X9i~$B%('¦Þ¤-.<�3¾àI8�<w� +G3���-0Þ���¿f¼ FCD"� =@?¿q¼ta�k i ` z*A9¿

À�Á@Â%à ¼.ÄÅ À Å Æ ¡z*=@QºÎ9q�²±q~=@?�Th%('7HJ'YQP\CTh%

FCD ACQ¾ACXNXZ'NRPTh=@Q(\yXZFIz*R#S(ThA^Th=JFIQ]FIQ¥=@Q(R#S(T ³ Ò=@D½� =@?&Q(FIQPVP'NT['NW�z*=@QP=x?[Th=@X^��ACQPV

¿q¼ta�k i `�z*A9¿À@Á ��ÇÅ À Å Æ ¡

Î9q�²±qv=@?�Th%('H@'YQ(\CTh%FCD Th%P'7%PACHJTh=@Q(\jXZFIzjR�S(ThA^Th=JFIQ�FIQ¥=@Q(R#S(T ³ Ò

=@D¶� =@?7VP'NT['NW�z*=@QP=x?[Th=@X^s u S(WhTh%('NW�z*FCWh'C�2¿q¼5a�k i¦`©È =JD�Th%('NWh'y=@? ³ �b� Ó �&� ³ �2` k;�?�SPX�%]Th%#A^T=� VPFp'Y?&QPFCTB%PACHJT�FIQ�=xQ(R#S(T ³ s

L¦Q('rKOFCW�V�FCD&XNA^Wh'v=@?,Q('N'YV('YVwA^T,Th%#=@?7R±FI=@QpTNsnÉEFCT['vTh%PA^T�=@Q�Th%('rV('Z·ºQP=JTh=JFIQtFCDBW�SPQPQP=xQ(\Th=@zj'�FCD�Q(FIQPV('NT['NW�zy=@QP=@?[Th=xX7z*ACX�%#=@Q('Y?¦Th%('*z*A9¿(=@z,SPz =@?´FIQPHJ��ThA^�C'YQ�FL�C'NWTh%P'�?hT[W�=@Q(\I?¦=@QTh%('ACXNXZ'NR#T['YV¾H@ACQP\ISPA^\C'Cs u FCWE'YACX�%¾?�SPX�%¾?[T[W�=@Q(\jTh%P'?h%(FCWhT['Y?hTBACXNXZ'NRPTh=@Q(\~XZFIzjR#S(ThA^Th=@FIQ¥=@?XZFIQP?h=xV('NWh'YV�s~¯°Q�Th%('yXNAC?['~FCD&V('NT['NW�zy=@QP=@?[Th=xX,zyACX�%P=@QP'Y?7Th%('~z*A9¿�=xz!SPz =@?7ThA^�C'YQwFL�C'NWjACH@H=@Q(R�S(Th?�FCD;AjXZ'NW�ThAC=@Q¥HJ'YQP\CTh%�sÊ�2á#<w� +G3H�´å VP'NT['NW�z*=@QP=x?[Th=@X*$&½ FCDBTh=@zj'vXZFIzjR#HJ'Z¿(=JTd�7¿,a�k i7` ³ja�k © i¦KB%P=xX�%lACXNXZ'NRPTh?¹�` ÎLÏtË Ï7²UÏ � ÎLÑ�eY�9Ò Ó ÒIs Ú 'NT£� ` Î�� ì e�� © e#!#!#!¤e�� õ Ò��±'tTh%('�?h'NT�FCDj?[ThA^T['Y?N�7HJ'NT�5`�ÎLÑ�eY�^e�ÌÑPe�Ì �Ce�tË e�t} Ò��º'BTh%('BThA^R±'EACH@R#%PA^�±'NTfACQPVyH@'NT/� ` Î�� õ Ò´�º'BTh%('E?['NTOFCD±·�QPACH�?[ThA^T['Y?Ns$&%('�T[W�ACQP?h=JTh=JFIQvD.SPQPXZTh=@FIQn�,=x?�V('Z·�Q('YVv�n�vTh%('�ThA^�#HJ'�FCD u =J\IS(Wh' « s

$B%('�ACXNXZ'NRPTh=@Q(\yXZFIz*R#S(ThA^Th=JFIQ¥FIQ�=@Q(R#SPT�Ñ(��tË Ñ(�,=@?a�� ì ehÑni���tË Ñ(� ­ ÌÑPa�� © eY�9iÍtË Ñ(� ­ ÌÑP�Ca�� © e�tË idÑ(� ­ ÌÑ(��tË a�� ú ehÑni�� ­ ÌÑ(��tË a���ÎCe ÌÑ�i��

­ ÌÑP�Ca���Î^e�tË i ÌÑ#� ­ ÌÑPa���Ï^eY�9iÍtË ÌÑ�� ­ a��/Ï9e ÌÑ�i���tË ÌÑ#� ­ Ñ(a�� ì eY�9iÍtË ÌÑ#�­ Ñ Ì �Ia�� { e�tË i ÌÑ#� ­ Ó Ñ(��tË ÌÑ#a��hÐCe Ì �^i ­ Ñ(��tË ÌÑ Ì �Ca���Ð^e�t} i ­ Ñ(��tË ÌÑ Ì ��a�� õ e�t} i�!

$&%P=x?�z*ACX�%P=@Q('�XZFIzjR#A^Wh'Y? Th%('�KOFCW�VP?��±'NDGFCWh'OACQ#V!A^DGT['NW;Th%('�tË èd?h=@\IQ!X�%PA^W�ACXZT['NWf�n�7X�%PA^W�ACXZT['NWYs¯°TBWh'YACVP?¦A~X�%PA^W�ACXZT['NW�FCD�Th%('·�W�?[TBK�FCW�VU=@Q¥?hThA^T['B� ì �±?[T[FCWh'Y?´Th%('�X�%PA^W�ACXZT['NW7=xQ�Th%('!·�QP=JT['XZFIQpT[WhFIH2�n�~X�%PACQ(\I=@QP\*T[F*'Y=JTh%('NWE?[ThA^T[' � © FCW� { ACQPV�z*A^W��n?�Th%P'X�%PA^W�ACXZT['NWE�n�r��A^W�=@Q(\j=JTNs¯°T Th%P'YQ*zjFL�C'Y?�T[F�Th%('�W�=J\I%pT�SPQpTh=@Hp=@T;%#=JTh?;Th%(';tË �IWh'YXZFCW�V#?;Th%PA^T�DGACXZTO=@Q,Th%('�·�QP=JT['�XZFIQpT[WhFIH(�n�X�%#ACQ(\I=@Q(\~=JTh?E?hThA^T[','Y=@Th%('NWBT[F�� ú a.DGWhFIzÑ� © iOFCW¦T[FR�hÒra.D0W�FIzÑ� { ihsB¯°T´XZFIQpTh=@QnS('Y?´zjFL��=@Q(\T[FyTh%P'W�=J\I%pTBSPQpTh=@H2=@D�·�Q#VP?&ACQUSPQ���A^WhWh'YV�?[��z!�ºFIH�s�å�T´Th%P=@?�R±FI=@QpT&Th%('!?[�nz!�±FIH�SPQ#V('NW&Th%('Wh'YACVP=xQ(\*%('YACVU=@?&XZFIzjR#A^W�'YV¥KB=@Th%]Th%('!?h�nz!�±FIH2?[T[FCWh'YVU=@Q]Th%('7·�QP=JT['XZFIQpT[WhFIH�s�¯ÂQ]Th%(',XNAC?['FCD;=@Q('YunSPACH@=JT��C��=�s�'CsJ�#=JD A¥��=@?�Wh'YACV�=xQ]?[ThA^T[''� ú FCWEAjÑ*=@Q]?hThA^T[''�hÒ¦Th%P'z*ACX�%#=@Q('7%PACHJTh?Ys�¯°QTh%('7XNAC?['!FCD 'YunSPACH@=@Td�~Th%('7z*ACX�%#=@Q('7zjF¤�C'Y?BTh%('!%('YACV]�#ACX��vS#Q�Th=@H±ACQ¾SPQ���A^WhWh'YVv?[��z�±FIH�=@QTh%('¦·#W�?[T�KOFCW�V�=@?�zj'NTBACQ#V]'YQ�T['NW�?BA*Q('NK XZ�nXNHJ'Csí�î�ï.ð0ñçò�ó^ô ìÂõZö�ì°÷Zö õhõ ø ñçù�îhô ìhì ô ì�ú û Ò û

Page 6: Max Planck Societymehlhorn/ftp/EATCSmonograph/chapter6.pdfü ý êéþºÿdÍ ü þ È@ÍnÿdÍ ±Í $&%(']'z¿ 'yxns(th=jfiq fcd¦atx %(fi=@xz'¥=xqp?[t[w spxzth=@fiqot[w acqp?[dg'nw

� ü ý êéþºÿdÍ���������� ü ��� þ�È@ÍNÿdÍ��±Í����� Ñ � ÌÑ Ì � tË t}� ì � © e�ÌÑPe�­�� � { e�Ì �^e�­j� ��Ð^e�tË e�­��� © � © ehÑ�e�­j� � © eY�^e�­j� � ú e�tË e�­��� { � { ehÑ�e�­j� � { eY�^e�­j� ��Ò^e�tË e�­��� ú � Î e ÌÑPehÑ � ú e ÌÑ(e�­j� � ú e Ì �^e�­����Ò �hÎ^e Ì �IehÑ �hÒ^e ÌÑ(e�­j� �hÒ^e Ì �^e�­����Î �hÎ^e ÌÑ(e#4!� �hÎ^e Ì �^e#4� �/Ï9e�tË e#4��/Ï ��Ï9ehÑ�e#4!� ��Ï9eY�^e#4!� � ì ehÑ�e�­�� � ì eY�^e�­��� Ð � Ð e�ÌÑ(e�­j� � Ð e�Ì �^e�­�� � õ e�t} ehÑ� õvB-Gâ�1 6¤3,ÓXx $ W�ACQP?h=@Th=JFIQvThA^�#HJ'�DGFCW=¹l`�ÎLÏtË Ï7²¦Ï��tÎLÑ�eY�9Ò Ó Ò

µt'�Q(FLK�XZFIz*'´T[F�Th%('�XZ'YQpT[W�ACH�V('Z·�Q#=JTh=JFIQ*FCD�Th%P=@?�X�%PA^R#T['NWYs�µt'7Q(FLK�XZFIz*'´T[F�Th%('�XZ'YQpT[W�ACHV('Z·�Q#=JTh=JFIQ~FCD Th%#=@?&X�%#A^RPT['NWYs~ 3��;Ü -0Þ¤-G8�Ü��¥ad��H@AC?h?h'Y?M<bACQPV �� i< ` Î�¹&²;¹��Ô� Ó DGFCWB?[FIzj'¦·�Q#=JT['\�wACQPV�Th%('NWh'7=@?&ACVP'NT['NW�z*=@QP=x?[Th=@X´$&½Õ� ACQPV¥A

RºFIH@�nQ(FIzy=@ACH@ÖU?hSPX�%�Th%PA^T=¹l`¯¹Ba)�biOACQPVZ¿q¼ta�k i�¥7Ö a�k iOD0FCWBACHxH�k Ò�� ` Î�¹&²;¹��Ô� Ó DGFCWB?[FIzj'¦·�Q#=JT['\�wACQPV�Th%('NWh'7=@?&AjQPFIQPV('NT['NW�z*=xQP=@?[Th=@X´$&½×� ACQPV�A

RºFIH@�nQ(FIzy=@ACHhÖ ?hSPX�%|Th%PA^T�¹ `عBa)�birACQPVª¿q¼ta�k i�¥ÙÖ a�k i*D0FCW¾ACH@H7k ÒÙ�=@Q#XZ'�'N�C'NWh�]V('NT['NW�z*=@Q#=@?[Th=@X¦$&½ =@?&AyQ(FIQPV('NT['NW�zy=@QP=@?[Th=xXE$&½ ACQPV¥?h=@QPXZ'�Th%('!V('Z·�QP=JTh=@FIQvFCDW�SPQ#QP=@Q(\!Th=@zj'7=@?&z*FCWh'7?[T[W�=@XZTE=@QvTh%('7V('NT['NW�zy=@QP=@?[Th=xXEXNAC?['C��KO'!%PAY�C'!Th%('7=@QPXNH@S#?h=JFIQ

<b� �� !$&%('DGACzjFIS#?BFCR±'YQ�R#WhFC�#HJ'Yz =x?NM,»Â¯Â?<b'YunSPACH2T[F ���Ú ¼}$B%('ACQP?[K�'NW´T[FrTh%P=x?&RPWhFC��HJ'Yz =@?FCR±'YQ�²P%(F¤KO'N�C'NWY��Th%('NWh'7A^Wh'!z*ACQ��vWh'YAC?hFIQP?�DGFCW&�±'YH@=J'N��=@Q(\,Th%PA^T=<Û6` �� MAni~$B%('NWh'�A^Wh'z*ACQp�vRPWhFC�#H@'Yz*?N��'Cs�\(sJ�#Th%('!��H@=@unS('��OWhFC�#HJ'Yz��P?hSPX�%�Th%PA^T

< ` �� =+* ��Hx=@upSP'E��<M!$B%('Y?['¦RPWhFC�#H@'Yz*?OA^W�=@?['¦D0W�FIz zyACQ��vVP=+*±'NWh'YQpT�A^Wh'YAC?Y�P'Cs�\(sJ�P\CW�A^R#%~Th%('NFCW��C�PFCR±'NW�A^Th=JFIQP?W�'Y?['YA^W�X�%2�p\IACzj'ETh%('NFCWh�*ACQPVyQpSPz!�±'NWfTh%('NFCWh�Cs�¯ÂQyACHxH(Th%('Y?['´A^Wh'YAC?OA!HJFCTfFCD�K�FCWh��KO'YQpT=xQ�T[F]Th%('~V('N�C'YHJFCR#z*'YQ�T7FCD�'Z�rXN=@'YQ�TACH@\CFCW�=JTh%Pz*?7D0FCW!Th%('Y?['*RPW�FC�#HJ'Yz*?Ns3ÉEF¾RPWhFL�^A^�#HJ'\CFnF�V�ACHJ\CFCW�=JTh%#z§K�AC?BD0FISPQ#V�s

��i3ÜO�C'YQmKOFCW�?h'C�´z*ACQp��ACHJ\CFCW�=JTh%Pz*?rKB%P=@X�%mKO'NWh't?hSP\C\C'Y?[T['YVÃD0FCWvTh%('Y?h'UR#WhFC�#HJ'Yz*?~A^Wh'��Q(F¤KBQvT[Fr%PAL�C'Q(FIQ�è�R±FIHJ��Q(FIz*=xACH�W�SPQPQP=@QP\Th=@zj'Cs

í�î�ï.ð0ñçò�ó^ô ìÂõZö�ì°÷Zö õhõ ø ñçù�îhô ìhì ô ì�ú û Î û

Page 7: Max Planck Societymehlhorn/ftp/EATCSmonograph/chapter6.pdfü ý êéþºÿdÍ ü þ È@ÍnÿdÍ ±Í $&%(']'z¿ 'yxns(th=jfiq fcd¦atx %(fi=@xz'¥=xqp?[t[w spxzth=@fiqot[w acqp?[dg'nw

���?>@�BA(ÌC�éÉD��EBF�êIÇ ý ÉD�±Í��ê��HGBI�ê��HG ���KJ Ç�Ç�Í����F�êIÇ ý É?�ºÍ�� ݵt'�SP?['YV}$ S(W�=xQ(\UzyACX�%P=@QP'Y?�T[F�V('Z·�Q(']XNH@AC?h?h'Y?�< ACQPV �;� sl$&%P'NFCWh'Yz �v�±'YHJFLKÆ?h%(F¤KB?Th%PA^T�K�'*z*=J\I%pT7%PAY�C'rSP?['YV5�Eå´½wæç?7SPQPV('NW¦Th%('*H@FC\IA^W�=JTh%Pz*=xX!XZFI?[T!zj'YAC?hS(Wh'´¹hSP?[T�AC?�K�'YH@H�sµt'yKE=@H@H;DGFCW�z*ACH@HJ�URPWhF¤�C'yTh%P=x?7FIQPHJ�UDGFCW,H@ACQP\ISPA^\C'Y?7F¤�C'NW,Th%P'y�#=@Q#A^Wh�¾ACHJR�%PA^�±'NTjÎLÑ�eY�9ÒI²OA\C'YQ('NW�ACHx=J¸YA^Th=JFIQjT[FQPFIQ�è��#=@QPA^W��!ACHJR#%#A^�º'NTh?�=x?�T[W�=J��=@ACH(ACQPV*H@'ND0T�T[F!Th%('�Wh'YACV('NWYs;�´åE½wæç?�K�'NWh'V('Z·�QP'YV,=xQjÙ�'YXZTh=JFIQ]�^s@�^²n=xQ!R�A^WhTh=@XNSPH@A^WL�9Th%P'�¯�t�LEè��±'Y%PAL�n=JFISPW�FCD#�Eå´½wæç?�K�AC?�V('Z·�Q('YV�A^T�Th%(''YQPV¥FCDOÙn'YXZTh=JFIQ��^s@�^s Ú 'NTÞÁ�±'Ay�´åE½ ACQ#V¥HJ'NT ³ `¢  ì   © !#!#!�  ¡ �wÎLÑ�eY�9Ò Ó �%  µ �lÎLÑ�eY�9ÒIs$&%('YQ¥Th%('5(�è�Th%¾'Z¿�'YXNS(Th=JFIQ¾FCD�Th%(',?[ThA^T['Yzj'YQpTv»�ßÔ1 =@Q(R#SPT°¼yR#H@ACXZ'Y? �µO�lÎLÑ�eY�9Òy� É�=xQ�T[FTh%(']ACXNXNSPz,SPH@A^T[FCWYs�µt'v?�AY�lTh%PA^T��Eå´½àÞ�áPàIàI3���Þ¤ßn¹Æ� ÎLÑ�eY�9Ò Ó =+*m=JT,XZFIz*R#S(T['Y?�Th%('X�%#A^W�ACXZT['NW�=@?[Th=xX�DGS#QPXZTh=JFIQvFCD"¹&s�,ä�3n8#693n<á8Hx3â ã�ä¬ÞÛåsã;æ'ç;èéëêhìWä)í7ä)ìïî.ã\ð�ñ�î5òfóDã�ôsìWä+õ.¿fö�a�k i;÷�øXùsã�úä)íHã;óDñ�û�æ�ú�ìWä)í&îBì0ðð�ñ�üýäî:ã�æ�ü�÷�ú�ã3æ�øXù,óDã�ä¹ÛåCãRä)íHã3óþæ�øCûH÷@æÿû�ã:æ�ð#ð�ã�ò ä�ã�ùºå#õwÞ����"íHã�ø�ä)íHã�ú�ã3ìïü'æ��"éà�êhí&ì)ðÍíRæ�ð#ð�ã�ò ä)ü¹ ìïø,ä)ìþî:ã=¿f¼�a�k i `�³   a?¿fö�a�k i[i Ò £ ��S� �ý��� M7adÙn�C'NThX�%±iOµt'!?[ThA^WhT�KB=JTh%]AjVP'Y?hXZW�=JRPTh=@FIQrFCD Th%('�ThA^R±'�FCD;$&½ � s�$&%('¦ThA^R±'�FCD"�=@?!VP=J��=@V('YV�=@QpT[F���T[W�ACX��n?Y�f=�s�'CsJ��Th%('~ThA^Rº'vACHJR#%#A^�º'NT!=@?P� Ð DGFCW�?[FIzj'vACHJR#%PA^�±'NT��Os�ÜOACX�%?h=@QP\IHJ'�?hupS#A^Wh'7XNACQ¥XZFIQpThAC=@Q�ACQ¥'YHJ'Yzj'YQpT�FCD¬�wFIQ]'YACX�%¾T[W�ACX���s

=@Q(R#SPT   ì   ©   {   ú !#!#!zj'YzjFCWh� ACV#V(Wh'Y?h?BЧXZFIQpT['YQpT�Ð ÐÆACVPV(Wh'Y?h?BÐÆXZFIQ�T['YQpT�Ð�Ы!#!#!ACXNXNSPz,SPH@A^T[FCW=@QPV('Z¿~Wh'N\¥�=@QPV('Z¿~Wh'N\ «=@QPV('Z¿~Wh'N\:9ACVPV(Wh'Y?�?�Wh'N\?hXZW�A^ThX�%¥Wh'N\

$&%('´·#W�?[T�T[W�ACXh�]XZFIQpThAC=@QP?�Th%('7=xQ(R#S(TS  ì   ©   { !#!#!�s�¯ÂQ(R#S(Th?�KB%#=@X�%~K�'NWh'�Wh'YACV]�n�rTh%P'��Eå´½A^Wh'yzyA^Wh�C'YV�sy$&%P'*?['YXZFIQPV�T[W�ACXh��XZFIQpThAC=@QP?�Th%('rzj'YzjFCWh�UFCD�Th%('*�Eå´½w��zjFCWh'*R#Wh'YXN=@?['YHJ�C�Th%('¦?['YXZFIQPVvT[W�ACX��rXZFIQpThAC=@QP?�A,?['YunS('YQPXZ'¦FCD2R#AC=JW�?Ea) ��µ[e Ç � �#ÿ µ°ih�2��¥ (�¥ Ø ²s ��µ;ACQPV Ç � �#ÿ µA^Wh'~=@Q�T['N\C'NW�?!KBW�=JT[T['YQ�=xQt�#=@QPA^W��Cs]µt'~z*AC=xQ�ThAC=@Q�Th%('yDGFIH@HJF¤KB=@Q(\¾=@Q��^A^W�=@ACQpTNs Ú 'NT  ��� É�±'~ACQoACVPVPWh'Y?h?�ACQPVoHJ'NT Ç � ��ÿ �±'~Th%(']XZFIQ�T['YQpTjFCDBTh%(']zj'Yz*FCWh�wXZ'YH@H�FCD&Th%P'~�´åE½ KB=JTh%ACVPV(W�'Y?h?= �Ps¦$&%('YQ¥Th%('NWh'�=@?&'Y=JTh%P'NW´Q(FZ(OKB=JTh%£ �r`¢ ��µ�ACQPV¾Th%('YQ Ç � �#ÿ ` ÑyFCW´Th%('NWh'�=@?ACQ£(OKE=JTh%Q �r`  ��µ�ACQPV¾Th%('YQ Ç � �#ÿ ` Ç � �#ÿ�� KB%('NWh'� r`�z*A9¿ºÎ�([²\ �r`  ��µ°ÒIs´$ W�ACX��n?�9T[FQ�¥A^Wh'ySP?['YV�T[F¾?[T[FCWh'rTh%('yACXNXNSPz,SPH@A^T[FCW,ACQPV�Th%P'y=@QPV('Z¿5Wh'N\I=@?hT['NW�?7=@Qt��=@QPA^Wh�Cs u =@Q#ACH@HJ�T[W�ACX��n? Ý ACQPV���A^Wh'7SP?['YVvDGFCWB=@QpT['NW�zj'YV#=@A^T['�XNACH@XNSPH@A^Th=JFIQ#?Nsf$&%('¦�Eå´½¥è�RPWhFC\CW�ACz =x?�?[T[FCWh'YV=@Q]Th%P'�·�QP=JT['7XZFIQpT[WhFIH FCD�$&½Õ�bs�µt'!?h�C'NThX�%UTh%('?h=xz!SPHxA^Th=JFIQ]=@Q]Th%('!XNAC?['!FCD�=@Q#?[T[W�SPXZTh=JFIQ»�ßw1 ß�­���aW9E­�� © id¼�sa[�9i~å´VPV�9ET[F¦Th%('�XZFIQ�T['YQpTfFCD�� © a�AC?�?[T[FCWh'YV�FIQ�T[W�ACX�� Npi2ACQPV�?[T[FCW�'�Th%('�Wh'Y?hSPHJT FIQ,T[W�ACXh� Ý �Th%P'7ACVPV(Wh'Y?h?&Wh'N\I=@?[T['NWYsí�î�ï.ð0ñçò�ó^ô ìÂõZö�ì°÷Zö õhõ ø ñçù�îhô ìhì ô ì�ú û Ï û

Page 8: Max Planck Societymehlhorn/ftp/EATCSmonograph/chapter6.pdfü ý êéþºÿdÍ ü þ È@ÍnÿdÍ ±Í $&%(']'z¿ 'yxns(th=jfiq fcd¦atx %(fi=@xz'¥=xqp?[t[w spxzth=@fiqot[w acqp?[dg'nw

� ü ý êéþºÿdÍ���������� ü ��� þ�È@ÍNÿdÍ��±Í����a « ir�´SPQwTh%(WhFIS(\I%lTh%('~R#AC=JW�?!FIQoT[W�ACX�� « ACQPVw·�QPVwTh%(']H@A^Wh\C'Y?[T (¦KB=JTh%§ � µ `« �#�fTh%('

XZFIQpT['YQpT�FCD2T[W�ACXh� Ý s�$&%('´?['YA^W�X�%]=@?�R±'NWhDGFCW�zj'YVr�n�yACQvACHJ\CFCW�=JTh%Pz ?h=@zy=@H@A^W�T[F,Th%('¦FIQ('VP'Y?hXZW�=J�±'YVv=@QvTh%('�'Z¿(ACzjR#HJ'!A^�ºF¤�C'Cs

aW9pir¯°D�Q(F (�=@?OD0FIS#QPVyTh%P'YQrR�H@ACXZ'�Ñ!FIQpT[F�Th%('�?hXZW�A^ThX�%vWh'N\I=@?[T['NW7a.T[W�ACX����pih��FCTh%('NW�KB=@?['¦XZFCRp�Ç � �#ÿ µ�FIQpT[F*Th%('?�XZW�A^ThX�%¥Wh'N\I=@?[T['NWYsO$&%('7V('NThAC=@Hx?�A^Wh'7�C'NWh�]?h=@zy=@H@A^W�T[Fy?[T['NR « ihs

a | i~å´VPVvTh%('!XZFIQ�T['YQpTBFCD Th%('?hXZW�A^ThX�%�W�'N\I=@?[T['NWBT[FyTh%('7ACXNXNSPz,SPH@A^T[FCWYså´H@HfFCTh%('NWj=@Q#?[T[W�SPXZTh=JFIQ#?7A^Wh'v?h=@z,SPH@A^T['YV�ACQ#ACHJFC\CFISP?hHJ�Cs¾¯°QwR#A^WhTh=xXNSPH@A^WY� KB%('YQ('N�C'NWjA¾?[T[FCWh'=@QP?hT[W�SPXZTh=JFIQU=@?´'Z¿n'YXNSPT['YV���?hAL� Ç � �#ÿ =@?¦?[T[FCWh'YVt=@Q5XZ'YH@H" �P�2Th%P'YQtA~QP'NKÁR#AC=JWja) �#e Ë�� k���iB=@?ACVPV('YVvT[FrTh%('7H@=@?hT�FIQ�T[W�ACXh� « s

¯°TB=@?B'YAC?[�]T[FyR#WhFC\CW�ACz Th%P'A^W�=JTh%Pz*'NTh=@X�FCR±'NW�A^Th=JFIQP?E=@Q�?[T['NR�?a[�9i�ACQPV�a | i�FIQ¥Ay$B½�s$&%('W�SPQPQP=xQ(\�Th=@zj'!=x?&RPWhFCR±FCWhTh=@FIQPACH±T[FrTh%P'!HJ'YQ(\CTh%¥FCD�Th%('��=@QPA^Wh�~Wh'NRPWh'Y?h'YQ�ThA^Th=JFIQ¾FCD�Th%('FCR±'NW�ACQPVP?Ys�Ù�=xQPXZ'&K�'ESP?['BTh%('EHJFC\IA^W�=JTh%Pz*=@XBXZFI?[T�z*'YAC?hS(Wh'&Th%#=@?�=@?O=@QjThS(W�Q*�±FISPQPV('YV��n�jTh%('XZFI?[T&FCD;Th%('7?�=@z!S#H@A^T['YVv�Eå´½�èd=xQP?[T[W�SPXZTh=@FIQ�s

Ù�T['NR#?�a « i,ACQ#V�aW9pi,A^Wh'¾?hH@=J\I%pThHJ�wz*FCWh'¥VP=À�~XNSPHJT�T[F�%PACQPV#HJ'Cs�$&%(']'Z¿(ACzjR#H@'¥A^�±FL�C'?h%(F¤KB?OTh%PA^TOTh%P'´XZFI?[T�FCD2?[T['NR�? « i�ACQPVZ9pif=@?f�±FISPQPVP'YV*�n�r³ja[a�HJ'YQ(\CTh%~FCD2Th%P'E=@QP?�XZW�=JRPTh=JFIQ*FCDT[W�ACX�� « i © i�`�³ja[a[a�QnSPz!�º'NW¦FCD�?[T[FCWh'j=@QP?[T[W�SPXZTh=JFIQP?B'Z¿n'YXNS(T['YV�i��na�HJFC\�a�zyA9¿�=@zyACH XZFIQpT['YQpT�FCDACQp�~XZ'YH@H�iº­oHJFC\�a�zyA9¿�=@zyACH�ACVPV(Wh'Y?h?BSP?['YV±i[i[i © ihs

$B%(',QnSPz!�±'NW´FCD�?[T[FCWh'j=@QP?hT[W�SPXZTh=JFIQU=@?¦XZ'NWhThAC=@QPH@���±FISPQPV('YV¾�p��¿fö�a�k ihs,$&%('�XZFIQ�T['YQpTFCD7ACQp��XZ'YH@HBACQ#V{%('YQ#XZ'¥Th%('5z*A9¿(=@z*ACHBACV#V(Wh'Y?h?r=@?rACHx?[F��±FISPQPVP'YV}�p� «���� à ¡ Ä ?h=@Q#XZ'¥Th%('HJFC\IA^W�=@Th%Pz*=@XEXZFI?[T&zj'YAC?hS(W�'¦X�%PA^Wh\C'Y?�FIQP'´Th=xzj'�SPQP=JTOD0FCW�K&W�=JTh=@Q(\,A!��=JTNs;ÛE'YQPXZ'�Th%P'¦XZFI?hT�FCD?[T['NR#?a « i�ACQPVtaW9pi�=@?��±FISPQPV('YV~�n��³¥ [a?¿ ö a�k i[i ú £^s

Ú 'NT�S#?�?hSPzyz*A^W�=J¸N'CM�$&½ � XNACQ~?h=@z,SPH@A^T['´AR#WhFCR±'NW��Eå´½¥èd=@QP?[T[W�S#XZTh=JFIQ¥a�A^W�=@Th%Pzj'NTh=@XACQPV¾T['Y?[TZi&=@Q�Th=xzj'�³   a?¿ ö a�k i[i © £ ²±Th%('�?hunSPA^Wh'!=x?&Wh'YunSP=JWh'YV¥D0FCW�?h=xz!SPHxA^Th=@Q(\*VP=J��=@?h=@FIQP?&ACQPVz,SPHJTh=JR#Hx=@XNA^Th=JFIQP?Ns u S(WhTh%P'NW�zjFCWh'C��³   a?¿qö�a�k i[i ú £ ?[T['NR#?*A^Wh'¾Q('N'YV('YVoT[F�?h=xz!SPHxA^T['�?[T[FCW�A^\C'ACXNXZ'Y?h?FCDOTh%('j�´åE½ws2$&%nSP?7³� �a?¿fö�a�k i[i Ò £j?[T['NR#?�?hS(�rXZ'jD0FCW�Th%P'*?h=@z,SPH@A^Th=JFIQUFCD�A.¿fö�a�k iTh=@zj'��±FISPQ#V('YV~�Eå´½�s$&%('ERPWhFnFCD±FCD2Th%('EXZFIQp�C'NW�?['¦FCD2$&%P'NFCWh'Yz��´=@?Oz!SPX�%v?h=@zjR#H@'NWfACQPVr=x?�HJ'NDGT�T[F,Th%('´Wh'YACV('NWYs�¯°D¹�=x?�ACXNXZ'NRPT['YV¥=@QvTh=xzj'�¿ ¼ a�k if�p�vA*$&½ Th%('YQR¹{=@?�ACXNXZ'NRPT['YVU=@Q~Th=@zj'�¿ ¼ a�k i�HJFC\h¿ ¼ a�k i�n��A�Eå´½ SPQPV('NW�Th%('BHJFC\IA^W�=@Th%Pz*=@X�XZFI?[T�zj'YAC?hSPWh'Cs�$&%pS#?�Th%('EXZFIz*R#HJ'Z¿(=JTh=J'Y?�FCD2ARPWhFC�#HJ'YzFIQyA7�Eå´½ ACQPVjFIQyA$&½ A^Wh'BR±FIHJ��Q(FIz*=@ACHxHJ��Wh'YH@A^T['YV�sfåmRPW�FC�#HJ'YzÁ=@?f?hFIHJ�9A^��HJ'�FIQyA�Eå´½SPQPVP'NWOTh%('�HJFC\IA^W�=JTh%Pz*=@XEXZFI?[T�zj'YAC?hS(W�'¦=xQyR±FIHJ��Q(FIz*=@ACH#Th=@zj'¦=+*¾=JT�=@?�?[FIHJ�^A^�#HJ'EFIQ]A�$&½®=@QR±FIHJ��Q(FIz*=@ACH Th=@zj'Cs,¯°Q5FCTh%P'NW7KOFCW�VP?N��Th%('*V('Z·ºQP=JTh=JFIQUFCDS<Æ=@?¦DGAC=@W�HJ��WhFC��SP?[T¦KB=JTh%UWh'Y?[R±'YXZTT[F*Th%('�R�A^WhTh=@XNSPH@A^W&VP'Z·�QP=JTh=JFIQ~FCD�z*ACX�%P=@Q('7X�%(FI?['YQ�s

µt'E'YQPV*Th%#=@?�?['YXZTh=@FIQ*�n�jWh'YH@A^Th=@Q(\7VP'NT['NW�z*=@QP=x?[Th=@X�ACQPVrQ(FIQPV('NT['NW�zy=@QP=@?[Th=xX�XZFIz*R#HJ'Z¿(=JTd�Cså D.AC=JW�HJ�vVP=JWh'YXZT´?h=@z,SPH@A^Th=JFIQ��n=J'YHxVP?&ACQ¾'Z¿nR±FIQ('YQpTh=@ACH�H@FI?h?B=@Q¥'Z�rXN=J'YQPXZ�º²±Q(FrzjFCW�'!'Z�rXN=@'YQ�T?h=@z,SPH@A^Th=@FIQ~=x?��nQPFLKBQ�s~ 3��;Ü -0Þ¤-G8�Ü��yå DGS#QPXZTh=JFIQn¿ M É¢� É�=@?BArßNÞ¤3�� - 1 Ü àCÞ¤-G8�Ü��º=@D Th%('NW�'!=@?EAyV('NT['NW�zy=@QP=@?[Th=xX$&½×� KE%P=@X�%¥?[T[FCR#?&A^DGT['NWB'Z¿(ACXZThHJ�.¿!a�k i�?[T['NR#?BFIQ]'N�C'NWh�]=@Q(R�S(TOFCD�HJ'YQP\CTh%�k;s½¾FI?[T�XZFIz*zjFIQ�D.SPQPXZTh=JFIQP? A^Wh'�?[T['NRjD.SPQPXZTh=JFIQP?Y�¤'Cs�\(sJ��¿!a�k i `Ãk;��¿!a�k i;`Ãk �GH@FC\�k�!C��¿!a�k i `k © �s¿!a�k i ` « ¡ sí�î�ï.ð0ñçò�ó^ô ìÂõZö�ì°÷Zö õhõ ø ñçù�îhô ìhì ô ì�ú û Ð û

Page 9: Max Planck Societymehlhorn/ftp/EATCSmonograph/chapter6.pdfü ý êéþºÿdÍ ü þ È@ÍnÿdÍ ±Í $&%(']'z¿ 'yxns(th=jfiq fcd¦atx %(fi=@xz'¥=xqp?[t[w spxzth=@fiqot[w acqp?[dg'nw

���#"��M�S� � ëNÈ@Í � �%$'&2ê���ECÌPêýEnÍ��!ê��HG)( þ±ÿ.É � É+*LêCÿ.É � �Q�S� � ëYÈJÍ � � ,�,ä�3n8#693n< ÓXx�-/.Pã�ä�ã�ú�î3ìïø&ìïüýä)ì)ð10CìïîZ÷�óþæCä)ìDñ�øBñ32�4�ñ�øXùCã�ä�ã�ú�î3ìïø&ìïüýä)ì)ð �½÷�ú�ìþøCû�é£æ�ð�í&ìïøHã�ü65/â"ã�ä¿!a�k i=åsã=æ ü�ä�ã�ò)2Í÷�øfð�ä)ìDñ�ø�7sóDã�ä ¹��Ô� Ó åsã;æ'óþæ�øsûH÷@æÿû�ã�æ�øXù3óDã�ä�8�åsã;æ øHñ�øXùCã�ä�ã�ú�îBìïø&ìïü�ä)ì0ð�"é êhíyì0ðÍí�æ�ð#ð�ã�ò ä)ün¹ ìïø°ä)ìïî.ãZ¿:9,a�k i~`�³ja?¿!a�k i[i;�<�"íHã�ø¢ä)íHã�ú�ã�ìïü:æÔùCã�ä�ã�ú�î3ìïø&ìïüýä)ì)ð�"é×� ê�ìWä)íR¹Ba)�bi `ª¹ªæ�øXù�¿q¼ta�k i;`�³*a Ë � à ¡ Ä i=2)ñÿú=ü�ñ�î.ã5ð�ñ�ø&üýäWæ�ø%ä Ë ��S� �ý��� M u FCWr'N�C'NWh� ³ �°¹�Th%('NWh'�=@?jACQ�ACXNXZ'NR#Th=@Q(\�XZFIzjR#SPThA^Th=JFIQoFCD´H@'YQ(\CTh%ª¥©¿:9,a�� ³ � ihsÚ 'NTyql`�z*A9¿±În� �pa)�(e� #ié�ʲ3�t=@?,A5?[ThA^T[']FCD 8 ACQ#V§ ��ª�fÒIst$&%('YQoz*ACX�%P=@Q('�8 %PAC?,Th%('X�%PFI=@XZ'*�±'NTdK�'N'YQwA^T!zjFI?[T,q5V#=+*º'NW�'YQ�T7ACXZTh=JFIQ#?=@Qt'N�C'NW��5?hT['NR2sr$&%nSP?�Th%P'NWh'yA^Wh'yA^T,zjFI?[Tq ��> à ŠÀ Å Ä VP=+*±'NWh'YQpTyXZFIzjR#S(ThA^Th=@FIQP?*FCD7HJ'YQP\CTh%m¥«¿?9,a�� ³ � i,FIQ{=@Q(R#S(T ³ s|åEH@?hF ³ � ¹ =+*FIQ('*FCD�Th%('Y?['rXZFIzjR#S(ThA^Th=JFIQ#?=@?�ACXNXZ'NRPTh=xQ(\(sr$&%#=@?�?hS(\C\C'Y?[Th?Th%('*DGFIH@HJF¤KB=@Q(\]V('NT['NW�zy=@QP=@?[Th=xX?h=@z,SPH@A^Th=@FIQ¾FCD@8�s Ú 'NT Ø �±'*?hS#X�%5Th%PA^T�¿:9,a�k i¥ Ø �ÿ¿!a�k i&DGFCW�'N�C'NWh�tk;sj��FISPQ�T�DGWhFIzÑrT[F¾q Ö�A � à ¡ Ä 4Ã�,=xQ¥�#AC?h'jq�s\ÜO�C'NWh�¥QnSPz�±'NW�B��±'NT�KO'N'YQtÑ~ACQPV�q Ö�A � à ¡ Ä 4m�,Wh'NRPWh'Y?['YQpTh?AjR±FI?h?h=@�#HJ'�XZFIzjR#S(ThA^Th=@FIQ�s�½¾FCWh'!RPWh'YXN=@?['YH@�C�(Th%('P(.è�Th%UVP=J\I=JT&=xQ]Th%(',q�èdQPA^W��~W�'NRPWh'Y?['YQpThA^Th=JFIQFCDCB�V('NT['NW�zy=@Q('Y?&Th%P'!ACXZTh=JFIQU=@Q]Th%(''(.è�Th%UzjFL�C'�FCD'8�s�¯°TE=x?&'YAC?[�]T[Fv?['N'Th%#A^TB'N�C'NWh�]·#¿n'YVXZFIzjR#SPThA^Th=JFIQ�FCDD8§z*AY�¦�±'f?h=@z,SPH@A^T['YV�=@Q7Th=@zj'XÖ a Ø � ¿!a�� ³ � i[i#KE%('NWh'XÖ,=x?�?[FIzj'fR±FIHJ��Q(FIz*=@ACH�s$&%nSP?�Th%('�'YQpTh=JWh'7?h=@z,SPH@A^Th=@FIQyThA^�C'Y?BTh=@zj'¶Ö a Ø ��¿!a�� ³ � i[i:�Yq Ö�A � à ŠÀ Å Ä `�³ja Ë � à ŠÀ Å Ä ifDGFCWB?[FIzj'XZFIQP?[ThACQpT Ë s

T U/E"U�F']ÿo?GIHWiCp jJ'Kcf_ `q[hcX`fisjBcf_hkMLON'P�^Wp ^RQscSP�^)oq_TF']ÿo?G=H)ispÔj��H@AC?�?['Y?5<�ACQPV �;� A^Wh'v?['NTh?,FCDBH@ACQ(\IS#A^\C'Y?Ns¥Û´FLK�'N�C'NWY��R#WhFC�#HJ'Yz*?!A^Wh'vSP?hSPACH@H@�UQ(FCT�V('Zè·�Q('YVrAC?OHxACQ(\ISPA^\C'BW�'YXZFC\IQP=JTh=JFIQrRPWhFC�#H@'Yz*?Ns Ú 'NT�S#?fDGFCWO'Z¿(ACzjR#HJ'´XZFIQP?h=@VP'NWfTh%('\�O69áU�3�+G-.Ü âV á#+G3pßL<wá#Ü�476¤8�: +G3�< a�$´Ùn�&ihsɦACzj'CM $�W�AL�C'YH@=@Q(\vÙ�ACHJ'Y?hz*ACQ�L¦RPTh=@z*=J¸YA^Th=@FIQv��WhFC�#H@'Yz a�$EÙ&L´�Bihs¯ÂQ(R#S(TNM å�V#=@?[ThACQPXZ'7z*A^T[W�=À¿ GCÉþ�Zÿ M%� ÑS!#!�kZ4���$ © � É!sL¦S(T[R�S(TNM�å R±'NW�z,S(ThA^Th=JFIQ�W FCD�� ÑS!#!�kZ4���$ KB%P=@X�%]z*=@QP=@zy=J¸N'Y?

¡ � ìXµ Æ ÷ GCÉþ�Zÿ

aYW,a)(Âihe6W�a)(2­Ã��zjF�V*k i[ihe

=�s�'CsJ�#AjT[FIS(WBTh%(WhFIS(\I%�ktXN=@Th=J'Y?�Ñ�eY�^e#!#!#!¤ehkR4��¦FCD�z*=@QP=@zyACH#T[FCThACH HJ'YQ(\CTh%�s$&%('t$ W�AY�C'YHx=@Q(\�Ù�ACHJ'Y?hzyACQ¯L¦RPTh=@z*=J¸YA^Th=@FIQ{�OWhFC�#HJ'Yz =@?vV('Z·ºQP=JT['YHJ��QPFCTvA}HxACQ(\ISPA^\C'Cs ¯�TW�A^Th%('NWBWh'YupS#=JWh'Y?�Th%('7XZFIzjR#SPThA^Th=JFIQ]FCD;A�DGSPQ#XZTh=JFIQvD0W�FIz kU�p�vk5z*A^T[W�=@XZ'Y? GCÉþ�Zÿ T[FyRº'NW�z!S�èThA^Th=JFIQP?7FCD�kl'YHJ'Yzj'YQpTh?NsjÛ´FLK�'N�C'NWY� KO'yXNACQ�AC?h?[F�XN=@A^T['yA]H@ACQ(\IS#A^\C'jWh'YXZFC\IQP=JTh=JFIQ�RPWhFC�#HJ'YzKB=JTh%vTh%P'�FCRPTh=@z*=J¸YA^Th=@FIQ]RPWhFC�#H@'YzÆ=@Q]Aj?[FIzj'NKB%#A^TBA^WhTh=À·�XN=xACH±K�AL�CsɦACzj'CM $ W�AY�C'YH@=xQ(\rÙ�ACHJ'Y?hzyACQv�B'YXZFC\IQP=JTh=@FIQ���W�FC�#HJ'Yz a�$EÙn�E�&ihs¯ÂQ(R#S(TNM å�VP=@?[ThACQPXZ'7zyA^T[W�=À¿ G^Éþ�Zÿ MH� ÑS!#!�k.4���$ © � É�ACQ#V�ACQ�=@QpT['N\C'NW[Z¾s\ S('Y?hTh=JFIQ�M�¯Â?�Th%('NWh']A5T[FIS(WjFCD¦HJ'YQ(\CTh%}A^T*zjFI?[T�Z¾�O=�s�'CsJ��=@?�Th%('NWh']A5R±'NW�z,S(ThA^Th=JFIQ�W�FCD

� ÑS!#!�kZ4���$ ?hSPX�%�Th%PA^T^] ¡ � ìµ Æ ÷ G^ÉD�éÿ aYW,a)([ihe6W,a)(2­Ã�&z*FnVjk i[i�¥_Z Úí�î�ï.ð0ñçò�ó^ô ìÂõZö�ì°÷Zö õhõ ø ñçù�îhô ìhì ô ì�ú ûéõ°û

Page 10: Max Planck Societymehlhorn/ftp/EATCSmonograph/chapter6.pdfü ý êéþºÿdÍ ü þ È@ÍnÿdÍ ±Í $&%(']'z¿ 'yxns(th=jfiq fcd¦atx %(fi=@xz'¥=xqp?[t[w spxzth=@fiqot[w acqp?[dg'nw

�NÑ ü ý ê�þºÿdÍ������ë��� ü ��� þ�È@ÍNÿdÍ��±Í����$&%('7$ W�AL�C'YH@=@Q(\rÙ�ACH@'Y?hz*ACQ]�E'YXZFC\IQP=JTh=JFIQ¥��WhFC�#H@'Yz§\I=J�C'Y?&W�=x?['�T[FyA*H@ACQP\ISPA^\C'!=@Q]AyQPA^ThS(W�ACHK�AY�º²nQPACz*'YHJ�!Th%P'&H@ACQ(\ISPA^\C'a�?h'NTZi�FCD�ACH@H�RPWhFC�#H@'YzÁ=@QP?[ThACQPXZ'Y?I`,` a G^ÉD�éÿ eaZ¥i�FCD±$EÙn�E��KB=JTh%R±FI?h=JTh=J�C'�ACQP?hKO'NWY��=�s�'CsJ�

¹ ��bc ` Î�a GCÉþ�Zÿ eaZ�ih² GCÉþ�Zÿ %PAC?&AjT[FIS(WBFCD HJ'YQP\CTh% ¥dZ¥Ò@!å´XZThSPACH@HJ�C��KO'�%PAY�C',T[F~�º'!zjFCWh'R#Wh'YXN=@?['Cs&å�HxACQ(\ISPA^\C'!=x?BA~?hS(�#?['NTBFCD � Ó D0FCW¦?[FIzj'·�QP=JT['ACHJR#%#A^�º'NTNs�$&%nSP?r=xQP?[T['YACV{FCDThACHJ��=@Q(\lA^�ºFISPTyRPWhFC��HJ'YzÄ=xQP?[ThACQPXZ'Y?Ua G^ÉD�éÿ eaZ¥i�K�'5?h%(FISPH@VW�A^Th%('NW�ThACHJ�rA^�ºFISPTOTh%('¦'YQPXZF�VP=@QP\I?�FCD VP=@?[ThACQPXZ'¦z*A^T[W�=xXZ'Y? GCÉþ�Zÿ ACQPV~=@QpT['N\C'NW�?eZÆF¤�C'NWB?[FIzj'·�QP=@T['ACHJR#%PA^�±'NT^f¦sB$&%('NWh'!A^Wh',zyACQ��]R±FI?h?h=@�#HJ'�'YQPXZF�VP=@Q(\I?BT[F~X�%(FnFI?['!DGWhFIz]sBµt',SP?h'Th%('DGFIH@HJFLKE=@Q(\�'YQPXZF�VP=@Q(\I?NM�9ir¯ÂQpT['N\C'NW�?BA^Wh'K&W�=JT[T['YQ]=@Qv��=@QPA^Wh�rWh'NRPWh'Y?['YQpThA^Th=JFIQ�s« i]Ù�'YupS('YQ#XZ'Y?a�?['NTh?N�±z*A^T[W�=xXZ'Y?Zi�A^Wh',?[R±'YXN=À·#'YV]�n��H@=@?hTh=@Q(\�Th%('ra.'YQ#XZFnVP=xQ(\I?&FCD�Th%('Y=@WNi�'YHJ'Zè

z*'YQ�Th?&?h'NR#A^W�A^T['YV��n�v?[FIzj'?[R±'YXN=@ACH�?h�nz!�±FIH�s9pihg¦W�A^R#%P?7A^W�'y?[R±'YXN=À·#'YVt�n�5Th%('Y=JWACV^¹[ACXZ'YQPXZ��zyA^T[W�=À¿±² H@A^�±'YH@H@'YV5\CW�A^R#%P?7A^W�'r?[R±'YXN=À·#'YV

�n�~Th%('7z*A^T[W�=À¿vFCD�H@A^�±'YH@H@=@QP\I?NsµÃ%PA^T~VPFwK�'U%#AY�C'tACX�%P=@'N�C'YVmQPFLK Ú µt'tAC?h?[F�XN=@A^T['YVÃAlH@ACQ(\ISPA^\C'UKB=JTh%�Th%('U$ W�AL�C'YH@=@Q(\Ù�ACHJ'Y?�z*ACQv�B'YXZFC\IQP=@Th=JFIQv��WhFC��HJ'YzÆACQPVvK�'XNACQ�Q(F¤K AC?[�~Th%('7upSP'Y?[Th=JFIQvKB%('NTh%P'NW�Th%P=@?�H@ACQ�è\ISPA^\C'�=@?,=@Q§<js ÜO�C'YQl=@DB=JT,KO'NWh'C�OKB%PA^T,KOFIS#H@V�Th%#A^T*zj'YACQlD0FCWjFIS(W�FCW�=@\I=@QPACHfR#WhFC�#HJ'Yz]�Th%('j$ W�AY�C'YH@=xQ(\¥Ù�ACHJ'Y?hz*ACQ L´R#Th=@z*=J¸YA^Th=JFIQU�OWhFC�#HJ'Yz Ú ¯ÂQ5Th%P=@?¦?['YXZTh=JFIQ5K�'*?h%(F¤K7��Th%PA^T�Th%('D.SPQPXZTh=JFIQ¾KB%P=@X�%5z*A^R#?�VP=@?hThACQPXZ',zyA^T[W�=@XZ'Y?¦T[F]FCRPTh=@zyACH ?hFIH@S(Th=JFIQP?EK�FISPH@VU�±'�XZFIz*R#S(ThA^�#HJ'=@QUR±FIHJ��Q(FIz*=@ACH�Th=@zj'jACH@?[F(s*ÙnFvKO'*%#AY�C'*Q(FCT�Wh'YACHxHJ�¥HJFI?[T�ACQp�pTh%#=@Q(\v�p�UzjFL��=@Q(\vDGWhFIz Th%('FCRPTh=@zy=J¸YA^Th=JFIQjRPW�FC�#HJ'Yz T[FTh%P'&Wh'YXZFC\IQP=JTh=@FIQjRPWhFC�#H@'Yz]��A^TOH@'YAC?[T�AC?fD.A^WOAC?�R±FIHJ�nQPFIz*=@ACHnTh=@zj'XZFIzjR#SPThA^�#=@H@=JT��y=@?�XZFIQPXZ'NW�Q('YV�sf$&%P=x?OFC��?['NWh�^A^Th=JFIQ]=@?�Q(FCT�FIQPH@�yT[W�S('¦DGFCW&Th%('7$EÙ��}�#S(T�ACH@?[F=@Q]A*z*FCWh'�\C'YQ('NW�ACH2?h'YQP?['Csfµt',?[ThA^WhT&KB=@Th%]ACQ�ACHJT['NW�QPA^Th=@�C'X�%PA^W�ACXZT['NW�=J¸YA^Th=JFIQ¥FCD �� s�,ä�3n8#693n< 8yx�� ` Î�¹&²;¹Ã��� Ó 20ñÿú�ü�ñ�î:ãjiyø&ìWä�ã��bæ�øfù£ä)íHã�ú�ãPìïüæ5ò ñ�ó õ&øHñ�îBìþæ�ó�Ö æ�øXùRæ5ò ñ�ó õ&øHñ�îBìDæ�ó

ä)ìïî:ã�ð�ñ�îPòh÷säWæså@óDã¶òXú�ã�ù�ì0ð�æCä�ã�k��Ô� Ó �.� Ó ü�÷�ð�í ä)íyæCä'2)ñÿú=æ�óïó ³ �R� Ó M ³ ��¹ì+l)monr�R� Ó Mº� n���¥,Ö a�� ³ � i�phkja ³ eanPi[Ò

�S� �ý��� M*»�qB¼�M Ú 'NTMÖ}�±'yA¾R±FIHJ�nQPFIz*=@ACHfACQPVlHJ'NT�k �±'~A¥R±FIHJ��Q(FIz*=@ACH;Th=xzj'~XZFIz*R#S(ThA^�#HJ'RPWh'YV#=@XNA^T['C�´=�s�'CsJ�ETh%('NW�'�=@?vA}V('NT['NW�z*=@Q#=@?[Th=@X¾$&½ � KB%P=@X�%ÃXZFIzjR#S(T['Y?rk*a ³ ean#iy=@QmTh=@zj's a�� ³ �Êe¤� n�� iyDGFCW�?[FIzj'tR±FIHJ��Q(FIz*=@ACH s s $&%P'UDGFIH@HJF¤KB=@Q(\oQ(FIQPVP'NT['NW�z*=@QP=x?[Th=@X�ACHJ\CFCW�=JTh%Pz ACXéèXZ'NRPTh?;¹&sa[�9inL�Q]=@Q(R#S(T ³ \C'YQ('NW�A^T['!QPFIQPV('NT['NW�z*=xQP=@?[Th=@XNACHxHJ�jA*?[T[W�=@QP\tnr�R� Ó � � n���¥,Ö a�� ³ � ihsa « i~å´XNXZ'NRPT ³ =JDCkja ³ ean#ihs@k*a ³ ean#iO=@?&XZFIzjR�S(T['YV�SP?h=xQ(\jz*ACX�%P=xQ('��bs$&%('�V('NThAC=xH@?�FCD ?[T['NRwa[�9iOA^Wh'��C'NWh�v?h=@z*=xH@A^WOT[FjTh%P'�'Z¿�ACzjR�HJ'¦\I=J�C'YQ�=@Q~Th%('7=@QpT[WhF�VPSPXZTh=JFIQrT[FTh%P=@?�X�%PA^RPT['NWBACQPV~Th%('NW�'ND0FCWh'7?hT['NR�a[�9i�ThA^�C'Y?�Th=@zj'�A^T&zjFI?hT Ë � Ö a�� ³ � i�DGFCW&?[FIzj'�XZFIQP?hThACQ�T ËFIQ~A!�´åE½ ACQPVr%P'YQPXZ'E�n�*$&%('NFCW�'Yz��EFCD Ùn'YXZTh=@FIQ.�ns@�´Th=@zj'´R±FIHJ��Q(FIz*=@ACHP=xQU� ³ �IFIQvA!$B½�s$&%('´XZFI?[T�FCD�?[T['NRta « i;=x?OACH@?hF�±FISPQPV('YV*�p�yA!R±FIHJ��Q(FIz*=@ACHP=xQU� ³ ��ACQPVt� n±�Ê�nKB%P=xX�%y=x?O=@QyThS(W�Q�±FISPQPV('YV~�n�~A*RºFIH@�nQ(FIzy=@ACH±=@Q�� ³ �Ês�$B%pSP?�¹�� �� sí�î�ï.ð0ñçò�ó^ô ìÂõZö�ì°÷Zö õhõ ø ñçù�îhô ìhì ô ì�ú ûYì°÷°û

Page 11: Max Planck Societymehlhorn/ftp/EATCSmonograph/chapter6.pdfü ý êéþºÿdÍ ü þ È@ÍnÿdÍ ±Í $&%(']'z¿ 'yxns(th=jfiq fcd¦atx %(fi=@xz'¥=xqp?[t[w spxzth=@fiqot[w acqp?[dg'nw

���/"��=�S� � ëNÈ@Í � �%$�&2ê���ECÌPêýEpÍ��,ê��HGu( þºÿ.É � Év*¤êCÿ.É � �£�S� � ëYÈJÍ � � �C�»Z�B¼�M Ú 'NT�¹ � �� �q¹ �¢� Ó s Ú 'NTj8 �º'�AvQ(FIQPV('NT['NW�z*=@QP=@?hTh=@X$&½ KB%P=@X�%¾ACXNXZ'NR#Th?P¹|=@QTh=@zj'´�±FISPQPV('YVy�p�~A,RºFIH@�nQ(FIzy=@ACH�Ö�s�å´?�=@QrTh%('¦RPWhFnFCD�FCD $&%('NFCW�'Yz « =@Q�Ùn'YXZTh=@FIQZ�ns@�¦HJ'NTBq�±'�Th%('�z*A9¿(=@z*ACHnQpS#z�±'NW FCD#ACXZTh=JFIQP?'8 XNACQ�X�%(FpFI?h'�DGWhFIz A^T;ACQ��,?[T['NR2s;$&%('YQ!Th%('�RPWhFnFCD(FCDTh%PA^TfTh%P'NFCWh'Yzb?h%PFLKB?�Th%#A^T�Th%('B?hT[W�=@Q(\I?;FCD�HJ'YQ(\CTh%R¥,Ö a�� ³ � i FL�C'NW�A!q�èdA^Wh�jACHJR#%PA^�±'NT�'YQPXZF�V('ACH@H±R±FI?h?h=@�#HJ'¦XZFIzjR#S(ThA^Th=JFIQ#?�FCD'8 FCD�HJ'YQ(\CTh% ¥,Ö a�� ³ � iOFIQ�=@Q(R#SPT ³ sfåE?�?hSPzj'�K7sçH�s�F(s�\(sPTh%PA^T� ��� ª q�s�$ A^�C'

kja ³ eanPi;`Æ»6nr'YQ#XZFnV('Y?BACQ�ACXNXZ'NRPTh=@Q(\rXZFIzjR#S(ThA^Th=JFIQ¥FCDw8 FIQ¥=xQ(R#S(T ³ ¼�s$&%('YQhk =@?�XZ'NWhThAC=xQPHJ�yXZFIzjR�S(ThA^�#HJ'¦=@QrRºFIH@�nQ(FIzy=@ACHPTh=@z*'¦ACQ#V.¹o` Î ³ ² monrM�� n���¥,Ö a�� ³ � i�pkja ³ eanPi[ÒIs$&%(',X�%PA^W�ACXZT['NW�=J¸YA^Th=JFIQUFCD �� \I=J�C'YQ5=@Q¾$&%('NFCWh'Yz��=x?E=@QpT['NWh'Y?[Th=xQ(\yAC?¦?hSPX�%�sMÉ´Fr'Z¿�R#H@=@XN=@Tzj'YQpTh=JFIQ�=@?�zyACV('jFCD�Q(FIQPV('NT['NW�zy=@QP=@?hz�s�EA^Th%P'NWY� Q(FIQ#V('NT['NW�z*=@Q#=@?hz =@?�XZFIQPXZ'YACHJ'YVw=@Q5Th%(''Z¿(=@?[T['YQpTh=@ACH2unSPACQ�Th=J·#'NWYs�½¾FCWh'!zyA^Th%('Yz*A^Th=@XNACH@H@�~FCW�=J'YQ�T['YV�Wh'YACV('NW�?Ez*AY�~·�QPV¥=JT&%('YHJRPD.SPHºT[FSP?['7$B%('NFCWh'Yz®�7AC?&Th%('V('Z·�Q#=JTh=JFIQ~FCD �� s~ 3��;Ü -0Þ¤-G8�Ü��yåm<l-.Ü -.<l-yxIá(Þ¤-G8�Ü£� 6¤8�: +G3�<®=@? \I=J�C'YQ��n��AER±FIHJ��Q(FIz*=xACH�Th=@z*'�XZFIz*R#S(ThA^�#HJ'RPWh'YV#=@XNA^T['@k � � Ó �¶� Ó ACQPVABR±FIHJ�nQPFIz*=@ACH^Th=@zj'�XZFIzjR#S(ThA^��HJ'�XZFI?[T DGS#QPXZTh=JFIQ Ë M�� Ó �/� Ó �ÉsƯ°Dzkja ³ ean#i*Th%('YQ{nm=@?]A - 3páPߤ-0:;+G3ÁßY8�+.1�Þ¤-G8�Ü DGFCW]RPWhFC�#HJ'Yz =xQP?[ThACQPXZ' ³ KE=JTh%|XZFI?[TË a ³ ean#ihs�¯�D|k*a ³ ean#i ACQPV Ë a ³ eanPi¶¥ Ë a ³ eann�.i�DGFCWOACH@H�nn�(KB=@Th%}kja ³ eanp�.i Th%('YQ~n�=@?fACQr8y� Þ¤-.<�á�+ßY8º+G1�Þ¤-G8�Ü}D0FCW ³ s´$&%('!zy=@QP=@z*=@¸YA^Th=JFIQvRPWhFC�#H@'Yz�=@?�f8�+D��Ü 8�<l-Gá#+.+þ�m:f8�1 Ü Ý 3nÝ�=JD;Th%('NWh'�=@?AjR±FIHJ��Q(FIz*=@ACH�Ö¾?hS#X�%]Th%PA^T�kja ³ ean#iO=@z*R#H@=J'Y?7� n���¥7Ö a�� ³ � ihsµt'~FIQPHJ�5V('YACHfKB=@Th%�R±FIHJ��Q(FIz*=@ACH@H@���±FISPQPV('YV5FCRPTh=xz*=J¸YA^Th=JFIQ�RPWhFC�#HJ'Yzy?7=@QtTh%P=x?��±FpFC�ºs]å?h=@zy=@H@A^W�V('Z·�QP=@Th=JFIQt=@?�R±FI?h?h=@�#HJ'�D0FCW,z*A9¿(=@z*=J¸YA^Th=JFIQ�RPWhFC�#HJ'Yzy?Ns*¯ÂQtTh%('r$´Ùn� 'Z¿(ACzjR#HJ'yKO'%PAL�C'CM@kja ³ eanPif=JD ³ =@?OTh%('¦'YQPXZF�VP=@Q(\!FCD A,VP=@?[ThACQ#XZ'´z*A^T[W�=À¿ G^ÉD�éÿ MH� ÑS!#!�kB4w��$ © � É ACQPV�n=@?�Th%P'7'YQPXZF�VP=@Q(\jFCD�A*R±'NW�z,S(ThA^Th=JFIQ�W�FCDM� ÑS!#!ékZ4���$���ACQPV Ë a ³ ean#i�` ] G^ÉD�éÿ aYW,a)([ihe6W,a)(2­��zjF�V*k i[ihs~ 3��;Ü -0Þ¤-G8�Ü�� Ú 'NT�a�kje Ë ir�±'�A}R±FIHJ��Q(FIz*=@ACH@H@�}�ºFIS#QPV('YV|z*=@Q#=@z*=J¸YA^Th=JFIQ{RPWhFC��HJ'Yz]sƵt'V('Z·�QP'´DGFIS(W&�C'NW�?h=JFIQP?�FCD Th%PA^T&R#WhFC�#HJ'Yz]sAni�ɦACzj'CM a�kje Ë i�è�W�'YXZFC\IQP=JTh=JFIQ¥RPWhFC�#HJ'Yz�s¯ÂQ(R#S(TNM ¯ÂQP?[ThACQPXZ' ³ �R� Ó �#=@QpT['N\C'NW¨�s\ SP'Y?[Th=JFIQ�M�¯Â?�Th%('NWh'7A~nyKB=@Th%Okja ³ ean#iOACQPV Ë a ³ eanPi¶¥�¨ Ú��iBɦACzj'CM a�kje Ë i�è�FCR#Th=@z*=J¸YA^Th=JFIQ¥RPWhFC�#H@'Yz]s¯ÂQ(R#S(TNM ¯ÂQP?[ThACQPXZ' ³ �R� Ó sL¦SPT[R#S(TNM å´Q]FCRPTh=@zyACH�?[FIH@S(Th=JFIQ � þºÿ?� � È a ³ i��R� Ó DGFCW ³ s

X9i�ɦACzj'CM a�kje Ë i�è�FCR#Th=@z*ACH2�^ACH@S('�R#WhFC�#HJ'Yz]s¯ÂQ(R#S(TNM ¯ÂQP?[ThACQPXZ' ³ �R� Ó sL¦SPT[R#S(TNM � þ±ÿY�9ê^È a ³ i�` Ë a ³ e � þºÿ?� � È a ³ i[ihs

V±iBɦACzj'CM a�kje Ë i�è�KE=JThQ('Y?h?BRPWhFC�#HJ'Yz�s¯ÂQ(R#S(TNM ¯ÂQP?[ThACQPXZ' ³ �R� Ó ACQPV�=@QpT['N\C'NW�¨jsí�î�ï.ð0ñçò�ó^ô ìÂõZö�ì°÷Zö õhõ ø ñçù�îhô ìhì ô ì�ú ûYìhì�û

Page 12: Max Planck Societymehlhorn/ftp/EATCSmonograph/chapter6.pdfü ý êéþºÿdÍ ü þ È@ÍnÿdÍ ±Í $&%(']'z¿ 'yxns(th=jfiq fcd¦atx %(fi=@xz'¥=xqp?[t[w spxzth=@fiqot[w acqp?[dg'nw

� « ü ý ê�þºÿdÍ������ë��� ü ��� þ�È@ÍNÿdÍ��±Í����L¦SPT[R#S(TNM � É.ÿ0�ºÍ���� a ³ e�¨,i `TnrKB=JTh%ukja ³ ean#iOACQPV Ë a ³ eanPi¶¥�¨��P=JD Th%('NWh'=x?�ACQ��]?hSPX�%�n�s

µt'�%PAL�C'¥ACHJWh'YACV(�l?['N'YQoTh%('v·#W�?[T!T�KOF��C'NW�?h=JFIQP?�=@QlTh%('�XNAC?h']FCD´$EÙ�� s�$&%P'rWh'YXZFC\IQ#=JTh=JFIQRPWhFC��HJ'Yz R±FI?['Y?*Th%P'¾unS('Y?[Th=JFIQ�KB%('NTh%('NW~A�T[FIS(WrFCD7?[FIzj'¥\I=@�C'YQ{HJ'YQP\CTh%�'Z¿(=@?[Th?yACQ#V�Th%('FCRPTh=@zy=J¸YA^Th=JFIQjRPW�FC�#HJ'YzÁWh'YunSP=JW�'Y?fTh%PA^TOKO'ERPWhF�VPSPXZ'&ACQrFCRPTh=@z*ACH#T[FIS(WYs�$&%('&FCR#Th=@z*ACHP�^ACH@S('RPWhFC��HJ'Yz�W�'YupSP=@Wh'Y?&Th%PA^T¦K�'jXZFIzjR#S(T['�Th%('jHJ'YQ(\CTh%¾FCD�Th%P'!FCRPTh=xz*ACH T[FIS(W�ACQPVUTh%('!KE=JThQ('Y?h?RPWhFC��HJ'Yz�W�'YupSP=@Wh'Y?´Th%PA^T¦KO'*XZFIzjR�S(T['jArT[FISPW�FCDOHJ'YQ(\CTh%5A^T7zjFI?hT�¨js7µt'*XNACQ�Q(F¤K�?[ThA^WhTT[FlWh'YH@A^T['UTh%('UXZFIz*R#HJ'Z¿(=JTh=J'Y?*FCDTh%('¥DGFIS(W~�C'NW�?h=JFIQP?rFCDAwRPWhFC�#H@'Yz]s|¯�Tv=@?rFC�p��=JFISP?yTh%PA^TTh%('jWh'YXZFC\IQ#=JTh=JFIQ5RPWhFC��HJ'Yz =@?¦Q(FCT7zjFCWh'*VP=J�rXNSPHJTETh%PACQt'Y=JTh%('NW�Th%P'jFCRPTh=@z*ACH �^ACH@S('�FCW7Th%('KB=JThQP'Y?h?;RPWhFC�#H@'Yz KE%P=@X�%j=xQ�ThS(W�QjA^Wh'��±FCTh%*?h=xzjR#HJ'NW Th%PACQjTh%('�FCR#Th=@z*=J¸YA^Th=JFIQ�R#WhFC�#HJ'Yz]s µt'XNACQ�XNA^RPThSPWh'7Th%P=@?�D.ACXZTE=xQvTh%('�D0FIHxHJFLKB=xQ(\jVP=@A^\CW�ACz]M

¥�KB=JThQ('Y?�?Wh'YXZFC\IQP=JTh=JFIQ ¥ FCRPTh=@z*=J¸YA^Th=@FIQ�s

¥�FCRPTh=@z*ACH±�^ACH@S('å RPWh'YXN=@?['�DGFCW�z,SPH@A^Th=JFIQ]=x?� 3n<l<�áw8yx:â"ã�ä&a�kje Ë i�åsãæ�ò ñ�ó õsø%ñ�îBìþæ�óïó õ£åsñC÷�øfùCã�ù:ñ�ò ä)ìïîBì+��æCä)ì?ñ�ø3òXú�ñCå�ó?ã�î����"íHã�øAni}��2�2�÷�øXð�ä)ìDñ�ø � þ±ÿ?� � È M � Ó � � Ó ìïü:ð�ñ�îPòh÷säWæså�ó?ã3ìþø7ò ñ�ó õ&øHñ�îBìDæ�ó=ä)ìïî:ã�7ä)íHã�øbü�ñ7æ�ú�ã2�÷�øXð�ä)ì?ñ�ø&ü � þºÿY�^ê^È M@� Ó � É Ó æ�øXùO� É.ÿ0�ºÍ���� M�� Ó � Ém�×� Ó ���i~��2'ã�ì�ä)íHã�úO2�÷�øXð�ä)ìDñ�ø�� É.ÿ0�ºÍ���� ñÿú � þºÿY�9ê^È ìþü£ð�ñ�îPòh÷säWæså�ó?ã�ìþøÔò"ñ�ó+õsøHñ�î3ìþæ�ó ä)ìïî:ãwä)íHã�ø¹ Ã+� � � Ä ` Î�a ³ e�¨,ih² ³ �uf Ó e�¨ � Édæ�øXù � þ±ÿY�9ê^È a ³ i�¥�¨,Ò7�Q<z�

�S� �ý��� M;L´�n��=JFISP?Nså R#A^WhTh=@ACH�XZFIQp�C'NW�?['!FCD Ú 'Yz*z*A]�7=x?�RPWhF¤�n=@VP'YVv�p�� 3n<l<�á,ÓXx:â"ã�ä&a�kje Ë i�åsãæ�ò ñ�ó õsø%ñ�îBìþæ�óïó õ£åsñC÷�øfùCã�ù:ñ�ò ä)ìïîBì+��æCä)ì?ñ�ø3òXú�ñCå�ó?ã�î��Ani}��2'2�÷�øXð�ä)ìDñ�ø&ü�� ÉGÿ0�±Í���� æ�øXù � þºÿY�9ê^È æ�ú�ã�ð�ñ�îPòh÷säWæså�ó?ã�ìïø.ò ñ�ó õsø%ñ�îBìþæ�óhä)ìïî.ã�7 ä)í%ã�øQü�ñ3ìïü� þºÿ?� � È �

��i~��2'ä)íHãZú�ã�ð�ñ�û�øyìWä)ìDñ�øwòfú�ñCå�óDã�î¤ìïü:ìïøÔ<�ä)íHã�ø � þ±ÿY�9ê^È ìþüZð�ñ�îPòh÷säWæså@óDãZìïø�ò ñ�ó õ&øHñ�îBìDæ�óä)ìþî:ã3�

�S� �ý��� M&Ani�µt'!FIQPHJ�~%PAY�C'!T[F*FC�#?['NWh�C'Th%PA^T � þºÿ?� � È a ³ i�`�� ÉGÿ0�±Í���� a ³ e � þºÿY�9ê^È a ³ i[i�DGFCWEACH@H ³ s��iºµt'OFC�#?h'NWh�C'�·�W�?[T2Th%PA^T Th%('NWh'�=@?�AER±FIHJ��Q(FIz*=@ACH s ?�SPX�%!Th%PA^T � þºÿY�9êCÈ a ³ i�¥ «�� à ŠÀ Å Ä DGFCW ACH@H ³ sµt'�XNACQ~Th%('YQvSP?['B��=@QPA^Wh�*?['YA^W�X�%~FIQ~Th%('´=xQ�T['NWh�^ACH"�À�"!#! «�� à ŠÀ Å Ä $�=@QrFCW�V('NW�T[FjV('NT['NW�z*=@QP'BTh%(''Z¿(ACXZTB�^ACH@S('�FCD � þºÿY�9êCÈ a ³ ihs�$&%P'7V('NThAC=@H@?�A^Wh'\I=J�C'YQ�=@Qv�OWhFC\CW�ACz �^s

¯°T]=@?~'YAC?[�mT[F�?['N'tTh%PA^T È � �Ø¥ � þºÿY�9êCÈ a ³ i,¥ ý É+E ý =x?]ACQ|=@Q��^A^W�=@ACQpTvFCDTh%('�H@FpFCR2sÛ´'YQPXZ'���WhFC\CW�ACz « XZFCWhWh'YXZThH@�¥XZFIzjR#S(T['Y?´Th%('��^ACH@S('!FCD � þºÿY�^ê^È a ³ i&=@QUHJFC\#a « � à ŠÀ Å Ä i�` s a�� ³ � i=JT['NW�A^Th=@FIQP?jFCD¦Th%('�HJFnFCR2s�¯ÂQ�H@=@QP'5a | i,Th%(']R±FIHJ��Q(FIz*=@ACH�Th=@zj'¾ACHJ\CFCW�=JTh%Pz DGFCWyTh%P'�a�k�e Ë i�èWh'YXZFC\IQP=@Th=JFIQURPWhFC�#HJ'Yz�=@?¦SP?['YV2s¦$B%pSP?´'YACX�%�=JT['NW�A^Th=JFIQUFCDOTh%('jHJFpFCR5%PAC?¦R±FIHJ��Q(FIz*=@ACH XZFI?[TNs

í�î�ï.ð0ñçò�ó^ô ìÂõZö�ì°÷Zö õhõ ø ñçù�îhô ìhì ô ì�ú ûYì © û

Page 13: Max Planck Societymehlhorn/ftp/EATCSmonograph/chapter6.pdfü ý êéþºÿdÍ ü þ È@ÍnÿdÍ ±Í $&%(']'z¿ 'yxns(th=jfiq fcd¦atx %(fi=@xz'¥=xqp?[t[w spxzth=@fiqot[w acqp?[dg'nw

���/"��=�S� � ëNÈ@Í � �%$�&2ê���ECÌPêýEpÍ��,ê��HGu( þºÿ.É � Év*¤êCÿ.É � �£�S� � ëYÈJÍ � � �ý9

a[�9i È � �¯1>�^² ý É E ý 1 «�� à ŠÀ Å Ä ²a « i��~ä -.+G3 ý É E ý 4 È � � ª �aW9pi Ý 8 � É)G@G�È@Í 1��°a ý É E ý ­ È � �¦i ¬ « !C²a | i - - ³ %PAC?&Ay?[FIH@S(Th=JFIQvFCD;XZFI?[T5¥ � É0G@G(ÈJÍaWNpi Þ9ä�3�Ü ý É+E ý 1 � É)G@G�È@ÍaW�pi 3�+GßY3 È � �¯1 � É)G@G�È@Í ­Ã�a Ý i - -a��pi 8�ÝO²a , i � þºÿY�9ê^È a ³ ih1 È � ��s

47698#â�6¤á#<áÓ

µt'7?[Th=@HxH�%PAL�C'�T[FjWh'YH@A^T['�Th%('�XZFIzjR�HJ'Z¿�=@Td�yFCD Th%('*a�k�e Ë i�è�KB=@ThQ('Y?h?�RPWhFC��HJ'Yz§ACQPV~Th%('*a�k�e Ë i�èWh'YXZFC\IQP=@Th=JFIQ*RPW�FC�#HJ'Yz]s µt'ET[W�'YA^TO$EÙn�w·#W�?hT�ACQPV*Th%P'YQyXZFIz*zj'YQpT�FIQyA7\C'YQP'NW�ACH#W�'YVPSPXZTh=JFIQ�s� 3n<l<�á��fxz��2�ä)íHã��sú�æ���ã�óïìïøCû�0sæ�óDã�ü�î:æ�øRç�ã�ð�ñ�û�øyìWä)ìDñ�øu��ú�ñCå@óDã�îKìïü;ìïø�<Ñä)íHã�ø§ä)íHã}�C0�êhìWä)ø%ã�ü�üe2Í÷@øXð�ä)ìDñ�ø£ð�æ�øwåsã�ð�ñ�îPòh÷&ä�ã�ù.ìïøBò ñ�ó õ&øHñ�îBìþæ�ó¬ä)ìïî:ã3��S� �ý��� M��OWhFC\CW�ACzÛ9,XZFIzjR#S(T['Y?^� É.ÿ0�ºÍ���� �?b�c a GCÉþ�Zÿ e�¨,ih�(=�s�'CsJ��XZFIzjR#S(T['Y?�A!T[FIS(W�FCD�HJ'YQ(\CTh%~A^TzjFI?[T;¨�=JD Th%('NWh'7=@?&ACQp�Cs

a[�9i VP'Z·�Q(' G^ÉD�éÿ � My� ÑS!#!ékZ4���$ © � É��p� G^ÉD�éÿ � ` G^Éþ�Zÿ ²a « i - - G^Éþ�Zÿ V(Fp'Y?BQ(FCTB%PAL�C'!A�T[FIS(WEFCD HJ'YQP\CTh%�A^TBzjFI?[T�¨Þ9ä�3�Ü�%PACH@T*»ÂTh%('NWh'=@?BQ(FjT[FIS(W&FCD�HJ'YQ(\CTh% ¥º¨�¼ - -d²aW9pi - 8#6~ACH@H±R#AC=JW�?�a)([e� �ih�X(�6`� P�a | i Ý 8�X�%PACQ(\C' G^Éþ�Zÿ � � ([e� �$;T[F.Èm²aWNpi - - G^Éþ�Zÿ � ?[Th=@H@H±%PAC?BAjT[FIS(W&FCD�HJ'YQ(\CTh%¥A^TBzjFI?[T¨aW�pi Þ9ä�3�Ü�VPF*Q(FCTh%P=@Q(\a Ý i 3�+GßY3 W�'N�C'NW�?['7Th%('7X�%PACQ(\C',z*ACV('7=@Q]H@=xQ('ja | i

ACQ#V]=@QPXNH@SPVP'´'YVP\C'ya)([e� �i�=@QpT[FjTh%('7T[FIS(Wa��pi - -a , i 8�ÝOs

47698#â�6¤á#<��$B%('r?['NT,FCD�'YV(\C'Y?�?['YHJ'YXZT['YVo=@QlH@=@QP'¥a Ý i´DGFCW�z*?,A¾T[FIS(W!FCDEHJ'YQ(\CTh%lA^T,zjFI?hT�¨js¾$&%('

R±FIHJ��Q(FIz*=@ACH�Th=xzj'!ACHJ\CFCW�=JTh%Pz�D0FCW´Th%(',Wh'YXZFC\IQP=JTh=JFIQ¾RPWhFC��HJ'Yz�FCDf$´Ùn�|=@?ES#?['YV¾=xQ¥H@=@QP'Y?a « iACQPVwaWNpihs�ÉEFCT[',Th%PA^TEACHxH2RPWhFC��HJ'Yz =@QP?hThACQPXZ'Y?a G^ÉD�éÿ � ¨�i�=@Q¥H@=@Q('*aWNpi�A^Wh'!QPFCTBzjFCWh',VP=À�rXNSPH@TTh%PACQ�Th%('¥FCW�=@\I=@QPACH�RPWhFC��HJ'Yz a G^ÉD�éÿ e�¨�ih²E=@Q�R#A^WhTh=@XNSPHxA^WY�OTh%P'¥HJ'YQ(\CTh%�FCD�Th%('�'YQPXZF�VP=@Q(\�FCDTh%('Y?['j=@Q#?[ThACQPXZ'Y?�V(Fn'Y?�Q(FCTja�z!S#X�%±i&'Z¿(XZ'N'YV�Th%('�'YQPXZF�VP=@QP\rFCD¦aR��(����ée�¨,ihs!$B%('jQpSPz!�±'NW¦FCD=JT['NW�A^Th=@FIQP?&FCDfTh%P'!HJFnFCRU=x?BXNHJ'YA^W�H@�]�ºFIS#QPV('YV]�n��A*R±FIHJ��Q(FIz*=@ACH�=@Q¥=@QPR#S(T&HJ'YQ(\CTh%2��Th%(',XZFI?[TFCD 'YACX�%¥=@T['NW�A^Th=JFIQ]=@?�ACH@?hFjRºFIH@�nQ(FIzy=@ACH@HJ���±FISPQPV('YV2s $&%nSP?�� É.ÿ0�ºÍ���� �?bc XNACQ]�±'¦XZFIz*R#S(T['YV=@QvR±FIHJ��Q(FIz*=@ACHºTh=@z*'7=JD $EÙ����B'YXZFC\IQP=@Th=JFIQ¥=@?�=xQn<jsí�î�ï.ð0ñçò�ó^ô ìÂõZö�ì°÷Zö õhõ ø ñçù�îhô ìhì ô ì�ú ûYìÍ{°û

Page 14: Max Planck Societymehlhorn/ftp/EATCSmonograph/chapter6.pdfü ý êéþºÿdÍ ü þ È@ÍnÿdÍ ±Í $&%(']'z¿ 'yxns(th=jfiq fcd¦atx %(fi=@xz'¥=xqp?[t[w spxzth=@fiqot[w acqp?[dg'nw

� | ü ý ê�þºÿdÍ������ë��� ü ��� þ�È@ÍNÿdÍ��±Í����$&%(',z*AC=@QUXZFIzjR±FIQ('YQpT¦=xQ¥Th%(',RPWhFnFCD�FCD Ú 'Yz*z*An9y=x?EßY3�+ - 693pÝ;1 àCÞ¤-G8�Ü�s�¯°Q¾FCW�V('NW¦T[F~·�QPVAvKB=JThQP'Y?h?ja.T[FIS(WNi&DGFCWACQt=@QP?hThACQPXZ'jFCD�$´Ùn��K�'jWh'YVPSPXZ'jTh%('jR#WhFC�#HJ'Yz�T[F�A �éÉ � þ�È@Í�� a.FIQ('HJ'Y?h?!'YV(\C'~KB=JTh%lXZFI?[T.¸ÛÈ{i�=@QP?hThACQPXZ'rFCDE$EÙn�;s�µt']?[FIHJ�C'~Th%('v?h=@zjR�HJ'NW7RPWhFC��HJ'Yz®�n��Th%('Wh'YXZFC\IQP=@Th=JFIQ*ACHJ\CFCW�=@Th%PzÁACQPVjTh%nSP?fXZFIQP?hT[W�SPXZT�A�R�=J'YXZ'�FCD±Th%('�KB=JThQ('Y?�?Ns åÃ?h=xz*=@H@A^W�A^RPRPW�FIACX�%K�FCWh�n?7D0FCWACHxH;FCTh%('NW7RPWhFC��HJ'Yz*?´T[Wh'YA^T['YV�=xQ5Th%P=@?¦�±FpFC�ºs�µt'r=@HxH@SP?[T[W�A^T[',Th%('jT['YX�%PQP=@unS('j�n�FIQ('7zjFCW�'7'Z¿�ACz*R#HJ'C�(Th%(',Ù(A^Th=@?·�A^�#=xH@=JTd�y��WhFC�#H@'Yz]s

Ú 'NT!cÆ` Î ³�ì e ³ © e#!#!#!JÒ*�±'*ACQt=@Q�·�Q#=JT[',?�S(RPR#HJ�]FCD�RPWhFCR±FI?h=@Th=JFIQPACH �9A^W�=xA^�#HJ'Y?Ns!¯�D ³ µ�=@?Av�^A^W�=@A^�#HJ',Th%('YQ ³ µ�ACQPV ̳ µ�A^Wh'*Hx=JT['NW�ACH@?Nsµt'*KB=@H@H SP?[' ̳ µ�ACQPV�� ³ µ�=@QpT['NW�X�%PACQ(\C'YA^�#HJ�Cs�¯°Dn ì e#!#!#!Lean ¢ A^Wh']H@=JT['NW�ACH@?Th%P'YQmaRn ìe� n © � ����� � n ¢ i7=@?!A5XNH@ACS#?['rFCD´V('N\CWh'N'¥q�s u =@QPACHxHJ�t=JDË ì e������Le Ë Ö A^W�'~XNH@ACS#?['Y?7FCD&V('N\CW�'N'~A^T�zjFI?[Tjq5Th%('YQ Ë ì p Ë © p§!#!#!p Ë Ö =@?!A�DGFCW�z!S#H@A�=@QXZFIQ9¹hSPQPXZTh=J�C',Q(FCW�z*ACH�D0FCW�z�KB=@Th%¥A^T¦zjFI?[T¦q¥H@=JT['NW�ACH@?�R±'NWEXNH@ACS#?['CsBåÁT[W�SPTh%¥AC?h?h=@\IQPzj'YQpTE=@?A*z*A^R#R#=@Q(\t��M�c¢�ÄÎLÑ�eY�9ÒIs�µt''Z¿�T['YQPV��{T[FyH@=@T['NW�ACH@?N�(XNH@ACSP?h'Y?&ACQPV]DGFCW�z,SPH@AC?��n�

�BaRn#i;`�� �Ba ³ µÂi =@D�nj` ³ µÂ²�S4��Ba ³ µÂi =@D�nj`{� ³ µACQPV �BaRn ì'� n © � ����� � n ¢ i;`ÃzyA9¿�Î��EaRn�µÂih²Y��¥ (h¥mq#ÒIe�Ba ˤì p Ë © pu�����3p Ë Ö i;`Ãzy=@Q�Î��Ba Ë;� ih²Y��¥� 3¥ Ø Ò@!å�D0FCW�z!SPHxABßo=@?B?hA^Th=x?·�A^�#HJ'7=@D Th%('NW�'!=@?&ACQ¾AC?h?h=J\IQ#zj'YQ�T[�{KE=JTh%��Ba)ß�i�`��^s�$&%('!Ù(A^Th=@?·�A9è�#=@Hx=JTd�*�E'YXZFC\IQP=JTh=JFIQ���WhFC�#H@'Yz =@?�\I=J�C'YQ]�n�ºMɦACzj'CM V á(Þ¤-Gß#�;áP: -.+.-0Þ��}47698#:;+G3n< adÙ�å�$¦ihs¯ÂQ(R#S(TNM å D0FCW�z,SPH@A�ßl=@Q]XZFIQ9¹hSPQPXZTh=@�C'Q(FCW�z*ACH±DGFCW�z]s\ S('Y?hTh=JFIQ�M�¯Â?Mßw?�A^Th=@?·�A^�#H@' Ú$&%('*Ù�å�$�µÃ=JThQ('Y?h?´��W�FC�#HJ'Yz�=@?´T[FvXZFIz*R#S(T['�ArD.SPQPXZTh=@FIQ�� É.ÿ0�ºÍ���� KB%#=@X�%Uz*A^R#?´T[FvT[W�S(Th%AC?h?h=@\IQPzj'YQpTh?&?hSPX�%]Th%PA^Tj� É.ÿ0�ºÍ���� b��� a)ß�iO?hA^Th=x?·#'Y?Mßo=JD¬ßl=x?�?hA^Th=@?·�A^��HJ'Cs� 3n<l<�áu�qx}� 2�Ù�å�$mìþü�ìïøR<©ä)íHã�ø¡� ÉGÿ0�ºÍ���� b���� ð�æ�øwåsã�ð�ñ�îPòh÷sä�ã�ùZìïøBò ñ�ó õ&øHñ�îBìþæ�ó¬ä)ìïî:ã3��S� �ý��� M��OWhFC\CW�ACz | XZFIzjR�S(T['Y?���`�� É.ÿ0�ºÍ���� b���� a)ßfihsƯ°T�=@?]XNHJ'YA^W�H@�{XZFCWhWh'YXZT¾ACQPV|%PAC?R±FIHJ��Q(FIz*=@ACH�W�SPQPQ#=@Q(\,Th=@zj'Cs

åE\IAC=@QÃTh%('�zyAC=@QÃXZFIzjR±FIQ('YQ�T]FCD!Th%('tRPWhFnFCDFCD Ú 'Yzyz*A | =@?]?['YHJDGWh'YVPSPXZTh=@FIQ�s�µt'XZFIQP?[T[W�SPXZT!Th%P'rKB=@ThQ('Y?h?ya�AC?�?h=J\IQPzj'YQpTZi¦R#=J'YXZ'NKB=@?h'y�n�tWh'YVPSPXN=@QP\�D0FCW�z!SPHxA�ß|T[FtA¥?�=@zjR#HJ'NWDGFCW�z!S#[email protected]('7�^A^W�=@A^�#HJ'7H@'Y?h?Zi�ACQPVvT['Y?[Th=xQ(\*Th%('7?h=xzjR#HJ'NW�DGFCW�z!S#H@A�D0FCWE?hA^Th=@?·�A^��=@H@=JT��Cs

í�î�ï.ð0ñçò�ó^ô ìÂõZö�ì°÷Zö õhõ ø ñçù�îhô ìhì ô ì�ú ûYì�úÂû

Page 15: Max Planck Societymehlhorn/ftp/EATCSmonograph/chapter6.pdfü ý êéþºÿdÍ ü þ È@ÍnÿdÍ ±Í $&%(']'z¿ 'yxns(th=jfiq fcd¦atx %(fi=@xz'¥=xqp?[t[w spxzth=@fiqot[w acqp?[dg'nw

���£¢��MI&Í�GCÌ(ÇLÿ.É � �s�,ê��HGB�� ÂÇ ��� þ�È@ÍNÿdÍ\��� � ëNÈ@Í � � �ýN

a[�9iáß � 1 ßO²a « i - 8#6~ACH@H ³ µfFnXNXNS(W�W�=@Q(\j=@QnßaW9pi Ý 8�H@'NTMß �ç���±'´FC�#ThAC=@Q('YV]DGWhFIz©ß ���n�v?�S(�#?[Th=JThSPTh=@Q(\,Th%('7XZFIQP?[ThACQpTEÑ

DGFCWBACH@H±F�XNXNS(WhW�'YQPXZ'Y?&FCD ³ µ =xQnß ��²a | i - - ß �ç��=@?&?hA^Th=@?[·�A^�#HJ' àI8lSP?['�Th%P'7ACHJ\CFCW�=JTh%Pz D0FCW´Ù(å�$�%('NWh'78�àaWNpi Þ9ä�3�Üd�Ea ³ µÂi 1�Ñ�²yß � 1 ß �ç�aW�pi 3�+GßY3¤�Ea ³ µÂi 1>�^²yß � 1 Th%('�DGFCW�z,SPH@A�FC�PThAC=@QP'YV]D0W�FIz©ß

�n�~?hSP�#?[Th=JThS(Th=xQ(\~�7D0FCWBACHxH±FnXNXNS(W�Wh'YQPXZ'Y?&FCD ³ µa Ý i - -a��pi 8�Ý

47698#â�6¤á#<¤�T U+¥ UZlZiskh[heP�^)oq_�j3cf_hk§¦�e�oqp¨NIH)iPÿi)F']ÿo?GIHWiCp j�B'YVPS#XZTh=JFIQP?´A^Wh'*SP?['ND.SPH T[FpFIH@?´DGFCW7XNH@AC?h?h=@D0��=@Q(\rRPWhFC�#HJ'Yzy?Ns¦µt'*%PAY�C'*?['N'YQ5Th%P',T['YX�%PQP=@unS('ACHJWh'YACVP�¦=xQ�Th%('�R#Wh'N�n=@FISP?2?['YXZTh=JFIQ!ACQPV7K�'�KE=@H@HCSP?['O=JT2'Z¿�T['YQP?h=J�C'YHJ�¦Th%(W�FIS(\I%(FIS(T2Th%P'OX�%#A^RPT['NWYsu FCWr'Z¿�ACzjR�HJ'C�OK�'¥?h%PFLK�'YV�%(F¤K T[FwXZFIQp�C'NWhTrACQ�ACHJ\CFCW�=JTh%Pz�D0FCWy$´Ùn�b�E'YXZFC\IQP=JTh=JFIQ�=xQ�T[FACQ}ACHJ\CFCW�=@Th%Pz�D0FCW*$EÙ��Áµm=JThQP'Y?h?N�O=xQwTh%#=@?,K�AL�wWh'YV#SPXN=@Q(\UTh%('vKB=JThQ('Y?�?!R#WhFC�#HJ'Yz�T[FtTh%('Wh'YXZFC\IQP=@Th=JFIQ]RPWhFC��HJ'Yz]s�½¥FCW�'\C'YQ('NW�ACHxHJ�C�(Wh'YVPSPXZTh=@FIQP?�ACH@HJF¤K SP?�T[FrT[W�ACQP?[DGFCW�zÆ?[FIH@SPTh=JFIQP?�T[FFIQ('�RPW�FC�#HJ'YzÆ=@QpT[Fy?[FIH@SPTh=JFIQP?�T[F*FCTh%('NWERPWhFC�#HJ'Yzy?Ns~ 3��;Ü -0Þ¤-G8�Ü��Ani Ú 'NT@foACQPV3�¥�±'�·�QP=@T['&ACHJR#%PA^�±'NTh?Ns;åÃz*A^RPR#=@QP\\»UMf Ó �×� Ó =@?�A*a.R±FIHJ�nQPFIz*=@ACHnTh=@zj'

XZFIz*R#S(ThA^�#HJ'^i�ÞL69á#Ü ß - 8�69<wá(Þ¤-G8�Ü���=JD�»wXNACQ5�º',XZFIzjR#S(T['YV5FIQ5Av$&½Ä=@Q¥R±FIHJ��Q(FIz*=xACHTh=xzj'Cs

��i Ú 'NT.¹ ì �©f Ó ACQPVª¹ © � � Ó �±'UH@ACQP\ISPA^\C'Y?Nsd¹ ì =@?5a.R±FIHJ��Q(FIz*=@ACH@H@�C��zyACQ��pè�FIQ('^i693nÝ 1 à�-G: +G3tT[F,¹ © =JD�Th%P'NWh']=@?!A¾R±FIHJ��Q(FIz*=@ACH�Th=xzj'~XZFIz*R#S(ThA^�#HJ'~T[W�ACQP?hD0FCW�zyA^Th=JFIQ§»?�SPX�%�Th%PA^T ³ ��¹ ì =+* »;a ³ i��R¹ © D0FCWfACHxH ³ �uf Ó s;¯°Q�Th%P=x? XNAC?h'&KO'BK&W�=JT['�¹B��ªº¹ © sX9i Ú ACQ(\ISPA^\C'P¹{=@? «¡¬�ã�àI8�<w� +G3pÞL3��P=JD=�i3¹�� �� �=x=.iB¹ � ª ¹�D0FCWEACH@Hq¹ � � �;� s

$&%('NFCW�'Yz®�7?h%(F¤KB?�Th%('7=xzjR±FCWhThACQPXZ'�FCD Th%P=@?&V('Z·ºQP=JTh=JFIQ�s�,ä�3n8#693n< 8yxBâ ã�äh¹ ÷ åCã[4^�@­ ð�ñ�î5òfóDã�ä�ã3�[�"í%ã�øAni.¹ ÷ ��< ì/lQ< ` �� ���i~��22¹ ÷ ª ¹ ì æ�øXù:¹ ì � �� ä)íHã�øR¹ ì ìïü14^�@­ ð�ñ�îPòfó?ã�ä�ã3��S� �ý��� M&Ani&¯°D�< ` �;� Th%P'YQUXZ'NW�ThAC=@QPHJ��¹ ÷ �§<js$&%('�XZFIQp�C'NW�?['*Wh'YzyAC=@QP?´T[Fv�º',RPWhF¤�C'YV�så´?h?hSPzj'UTh%PA^Tn¹ ÷ � < ACQPVÃHJ'NTn¹�� �� �±'UA^Wh��=JT[W�A^Wh�Cs Ù�=xQPXZ'£¹ ÷ � < Th%('NWh't=@?vAV('NT['NW�zy=@QP=@?[Th=xX�$&½«� KE%P=@X�%�ACXNXZ'NRPTh?/¹ ÷ =xQ!Th=xzj'��±FISPQPV('YV!�p�;Ö*DGFCW�?[FIzj'�R±FIHJ��Q(FIz*=@ACH�Ö�sÙ�=@Q#XZ'5¹ ÷ =@? �� èdXZFIzjR#H@'NT['�ACQ#V£¹ � �� K�'j%PAY�C'B¹®ª¢¹ ÷ s7$&%pS#?´Avz*A^R#R#=@Q(\Z»t'Z¿(=@?[Th?í�î�ï.ð0ñçò�ó^ô ìÂõZö�ì°÷Zö õhõ ø ñçù�îhô ìhì ô ì�ú ûYì Ò û

Page 16: Max Planck Societymehlhorn/ftp/EATCSmonograph/chapter6.pdfü ý êéþºÿdÍ ü þ È@ÍnÿdÍ ±Í $&%(']'z¿ 'yxns(th=jfiq fcd¦atx %(fi=@xz'¥=xqp?[t[w spxzth=@fiqot[w acqp?[dg'nw

�ý� ü ý ê�þºÿdÍ������ë��� ü ��� þ�È@ÍNÿdÍ��±Í����KB=JTh%P¹o`ª» � ì a)¹ ÷ ihs Ú 'NTw8§�±'�ABV('NT['NW�z*=@QP=@?hTh=@X�$&½§KB%P=xX�%XZFIz*R#S(T['Y?"»j=@Q7Th=xzj'f�±FISPQPV('YV�n�*R±FIHJ�nQPFIz*=@ACH s s�µt'�XZFIQP?[T[W�S#XZT�A,V('NT['NW�z*=xQP=@?[Th=@XBACXNXZ'NRPT[FCW=�|DGFCW�¹wDGWhFIz � ACQPV�8wsh��±'Y%PAY�C'Y?EAC?�DGFIH@HJFLKE?�FIQ�=@Q(R�S(T ³ sa[�9i]��FIzjR#S(T['P»;a ³ i�SP?h=@Q(\�8�=@QvTh=@zj' s a�� ³ � ihsa « ir�E'Y?['NT&Th%('�W�'YACVHt¤K&W�=JT['Zèd%P'YACV�FIQpT[F*Th%('�·#W�?[T�?[�nz!�±FIH±FCDh»;a ³ i�=@QvTh=@z*'r� »;a ³ ié�ÊsaW9pi}¯¦'YXN=@VP'r=JD�»;a ³ i�º¹ ÷ SP?h=@Q(\R� =xQtTh=@zj'\Ö a�� »;a ³ ié� ihs�¯°DM»;a ³ i� ¹ ÷ Th%('YQlACXNXZ'NRPT ³ �FCTh%P'NWhKB=@?['¦Wh'°¹['YXZT ³ s$&%('wACHJ\CFCW�=JTh%Pz A^�±FL�C'}XNHJ'YA^W�HJ�|ACXNXZ'NRPTh?7¹Bs®¯�TU%PAC?�W�SPQPQP=@QP\}Th=@zj' s a�� ³ � iB­�� »;a ³ ié�P­Ö a�� »;a ³ ié� i£¥±°�a�� ³ � ijD0FCW�?hFIzj'5RºFIH@�nQ(FIzy=@ACH °nsÁ$&%('tH@AC?[Tv=@Q('YunSPACH@=@Td�}DGFIH@HJFLKE?rDGWhFIz>Th%('D.ACXZT�Th%PA^T!� »;a ³ ié��¥ � ³ �é­ s a�� ³ � iO?h=@QPXZ'�A�$&½�XNACQvK&W�=JT['�A^T&zjFI?hT�FIQ('�?hupS#A^Wh'7=@Q~FIQ('¦Th=@zj'SPQP=@TNs��i&µt'~%PAY�C'rT[F¥?h%(F¤K ¹²ª ¹ ì D0FCW7'N�C'NW��7¹�� �;� s Ú 'NTP¹Á� �� �±'*A^Wh�#=JT[W�A^Wh�CsrÙ�=@QPXZ'¹ ÷ =@? �� èdXZFIzjR#HJ'NT['tTh%P'NWh't=@?rAlT[W�ACQ#?[D0FCW�z*A^Th=JFIQ¯» ?�SPX�%ÃTh%PA^Tn¹®`�» � ì a)¹ ÷ ihs Ù�=@QPXZ'¹ ÷ ª�¹ ì Th%('NWh',=@?&AyT[W�ACQP?[DGFCW�z*A^Th=JFIQ�³]?hS#X�%�Th%#A^T;¹ ÷ `§³ � ì a)¹ ì ihs Ú 'NT^´v`T³jµ�» s�$&%('YQ¹�` » � ì a)¹ ÷ if` » � ì a£³ � ì a)¹ ì i[iO`�a£³¶µ�» i � ì a)¹ ì iO`�´ � ì a)¹ ì ihs&¯°TBW�'Yz*AC=@QP?BT[Fy�±'!?h%PFLKBQTh%PA^TI´�=@? XZFIzjR#SPThA^�#HJ'�=@QR±FIHJ��Q(FIz*=xACHITh=@zj'Cs;$&%P=x? =@? 'YAC?h=@H@�V(FIQ('��p�!ACQjA^Wh\ISPzj'YQpT�?h=@z*=@HxA^WT[F*Th%('�FIQP'SP?['YV�=xQvR#A^WhT&Anihs

��A^WhT�Ani*FCD�$&%('NFCWh'Yz �t?[ThA^T['Y?�Th%PA^T �;� èdXZFIzjR#HJ'NT['tRPW�FC�#HJ'Yz*?vA^Wh'tTh%('tzjFI?hT�VP=À�rXNSPH@TRPWhFC��HJ'Yz*?f=@Q �;� s;¯°D±FIQ('BFCD�Th%('Yz =@?O?[FIHJ�^A^�#HJ'B=@Q*RºFIH@�nQ(FIzy=@ACH�Th=@zj'C�pTh%('YQrACHxH(RPWhFC�#H@'Yz*?f=@Q�� A^Wh'�?[FIHJ�^A^�#HJ',=@Q�R±FIHJ��Q(FIz*=xACH�Th=@zj'Cs7��FIQp�C'NW�?['YHJ�C��=JDh<Ñ6` �� a�ACQ#V¥Th%P=x?E=@?E\C'YQ('NW�ACHxHJ��±'YH@=J'N�C'YV±i�Th%('YQ¥Q(F �;� èdXZFIzjR#HJ'NT['7R#WhFC�#HJ'YzÆXNACQ¥�º'�?[FIH@�C'YV¥=@QvR±FIHJ��Q(FIz*=@ACH�Th=@zj'Cs

��A^WhT¦��i&=@QpT[WhF�VPSPXZ'Y?¦A]?h=@z*R#HJ'C�º�#S(T¦'Z¿nT[W�'Yzj'YHJ�¾S#?['NDGS#H�T['YX�%PQP=@unS('�D0FCW7?�%(FLKB=xQ(\ �� èXZFIzjR#H@'NT['YQ('Y?h?NsrÙ�%PFLKÁ·#W�?[T�Th%PA^TAvR#A^W�Th=@XNSPH@A^W7H@ACQP\ISPA^\C'3¹ ÷ =x? �;� èdXZFIz*R#HJ'NT['Cs u FCW!H@ACQ�è\ISPA^\C'¹ ÷ Th%P=@?fz,SP?[Tf�±'BVPFIQ('BTh%('EXZFIzjR#H@=@XNA^T['YVyK�AL�C�(QPACzj'YHJ���n��VP'YzjFIQP?[T[W�A^Th=xQ(\P¹_ªÔ¹ ÷DGFCW~ACH@H¹®� �;� sdL¦QPXZ'UKO'5%PAL�C'U'Y?hThA^�#H@=@?h%P'YV �� èdXZFIzjR#HJ'NT['YQ('Y?�?rDGFCWn¹ ÷ �&Th%P'NWh'U=x?rA?h=@z*R#HJ'NW�K�AL�vFCD 'Y?hThA^�#H@=@?h%#=@Q(\ �;� èdXZFIzjR�HJ'NT['YQ('Y?h?BFCD¬¹ ì s�Ù�%(F¤K°¹ ì � �;� ACQ#VR¹ ÷ ªº¹ ì s

í�î�ï.ð0ñçò�ó^ô ìÂõZö�ì°÷Zö õhõ ø ñçù�îhô ìhì ô ì�ú ûYì Î û

Page 17: Max Planck Societymehlhorn/ftp/EATCSmonograph/chapter6.pdfü ý êéþºÿdÍ ü þ È@ÍnÿdÍ ±Í $&%(']'z¿ 'yxns(th=jfiq fcd¦atx %(fi=@xz'¥=xqp?[t[w spxzth=@fiqot[w acqp?[dg'nw

�@�¸·&�:A ý Íj¹ºêCÿ.ÉD�£ºOêIëYÉ0È É.ÿY»B��� � ëNÈ@Í � ÉD���'°Ç ��� þ�ÈJÍYÿdÍ � ÝT Uv¼hUZYZg i�½¬cSP�^Wj�¾/c�G�^�HW^YP�¿dF']ÿo?GIHWiCp¾^�jz¦�e�oqp¨NIH)iPÿi¯°Q,Th%P=@?;?['YXZTh=@FIQ�KO'�'Y?[ThA^�#Hx=@?h%!Th%(' �;� èdXZFIz*R#HJ'NT['YQ('Y?h?;FCD#Th%('BÙ�A^Th=@?·�A^��=@H@=JT��´R#WhFC�#HJ'Yz]s�Ù�å�$K�AC?BV('Z·�QP'YV]=@Q¥Ùn'YXZTh=JFIQnz´¯és « sɦACzj'CM Ù�å�$¦s¯ÂQ(R#S(TNM å D0FCW�z,SPH@A�ßl=@Q]XZFIQ9¹hSPQPXZTh=@�C'Q(FCW�z*ACH±DGFCW�z®ad�SÉ u ihs\ S('Y?hTh=JFIQ�M�¯Â?Mßw?�A^Th=@?·�A^�#H@' Ú�,ä�3n8#693n< 8yx~Ù(å�$mìïü �� ­ ð�ñ�îPòfóDã�ä�ã3��S� �ý��� M�µt'v?h%(F¤K§Ù�å�$Æ� �;� ·�W�?[TNs Ú 'NT5ßÃ�±'*A¥D0FCW�z,SPH@A]=xQw�¶É u � HJ'NT,cÁÀ��±'*Th%P'r?['NTFCD��9A^W�=@A^�#HJ'Y?¦F�XNXNS(WhW�=xQ(\]=@Q ßO� ACQPV�H@'NT~� ß����±'jTh%('yHJ'YQ(\CTh%�FCD�Th%P'j'YQPXZFnV#=@Q(\]FCD�ß�s~$&%('YQXZ'NWhThAC=@Q#HJ�|��cÁÀ �=¥Ä� ß��Ês|µt'UVP'Y?hXZW�=J�±']A�Q(FIQ#V('NT['NW�z*=@Q#=@?[Th=@Xvz*ACX�%P=@Q('O8 KE%P=@X�%�ACXNXZ'NRPTh?Ù�å�$�s5L�Q¾=@QPR#S(T;ßO�:8�Q(FIQ#V('NT['NW�z*=@Q#=@?[Th=@XNACH@H@�~X�%(FpFI?h'Y?�ACQUAC?�?h=J\IQPzj'YQpTÂ� M�cÁÀ7� ÎLÑ�eY�9Ò�n��K&W�=@Th=@Q(\5V(FLKBQ}A5��=JTh?[T[W�=@QP\¥FCD¦HJ'YQ(\CTh% ��cÁÀ �Êso$&%('YQ}=JT�'N�^ACH@SPA^T['Y?Bß KB=JTh%lWh'Y?[R±'YXZT�T[FAC?h?h=@\IQPzj'YQpT[�m�p�]FIQP'FCD�Th%(',KO'YHxH2��Q(FLKBQ¾zj'NTh%(F�VP?N��'Cs�\(sJ�º�n�]Th%(',?[ThACXh�¾RPW�=@QPXN=@R#HJ'CsO½UA9èX�%#=@Q('�8 ACXNXZ'NRPTh?Mßw=+*r�Ea)ßfif`��^sI8 XNHJ'YA^W�HJ�*FCR±'NW�A^T['Y?�=@QrR±FIHJ�nQPFIz*=@ACHPTh=xzj'�ACQPVvACXNXZ'NRPTh?Ù�å�$�s

Ú 'NT�¹�� �� �º'¦A^Wh�#=@T[W�A^Wh�Cs;µt'7%PAY�C'�T[Fj?h%PFLKm¹¨ªÃÙ�å�$¦sOÙ�=@QPXZ'�¹�� �;� Th%('NWh'�=@?�AQ(FIQPVP'NT['NW�z*=@QP=x?[Th=@X�$&½¦� KB%P=@X�%¾ACXNXZ'NRPTh?\¹|=xQ�Th=@zj',�±FISPQPV('YV¥�p�¾?[FIzj',RºFIH@�nQ(FIzy=@ACHCÖ�su FCW¦'N�C'NWh�¥=xQ(R#S(T ³ FCD�� K�',KB=@H@H2QPFLKÁXZFIQP?[T[W�S#XZT´ArD0FCW�z!SPHxABßOa ³ i�KB%P=@X�%¥V('Y?hXZW�=J�±'Y?&Th%('�±'Y%PAY��=JFIS(W FCDy� FIQ ³ s ¯ÂQR#A^W�Th=@XNSPH@A^WY��ß�a ³ i2=@? ?hA^Th=@?·�A^��HJ'�=+*3� ACXNXZ'NR#Th? ³ s;$&%('�z*A^RPR#=@QP\³ �¤ßOa ³ i�=@?�Th%('!V('Y?h=JWh'YV~T[W�ACQ#?[D0FCW�z*A^Th=JFIQ�s½UACX�%#=@Q('S� %PAC?;?[ThA^T['Y?/� ì e#!#!#!Ye�����ACQPV,ThA^R±'�ACH@R#%PA^�±'NT2�t` Î�� ì e#!#!#!Ye����ÒIs�Ùn��z!�ºFIH� ì V('YQPFCT['Y? Th%P'O'YzjR#Td�7ThA^R±'�?hupS#A^Wh'C�^KO'�SP?['¶� ì ACQPV�t} =@QpT['NW�X�%PACQ(\C'YA^�#HJ�Cs�� ì =@? Th%('�=@QP=JTh=xACH?[ThA^T['¦FCD½� ACQPVZ�CÃCe��'à � ì e#!#!#!Le��/�&A^Wh'´Th%('¦ACXNXZ'NRPTh=@Q(\j?[ThA^T['Y?Ysfµt'7X�%PACQP\C'´Th%P'´T[W�ACQP?h=JTh=JFIQD.SPQPXZTh=JFIQ���FCD&�>�n��V('Z·�QP=@QP\M�pa)�(e� #i�`�Î�a)�(e� #ehÑni[Ò&KE%('YQ('N�C'NW½�na)�(e� #if`m¡ns $&%P'YQ�� Q('N�C'NW?[T[FCR#?!ACQPV�%#ACHJTh=@Q(\�XZFIQ�·�\IS(W�A^Th=JFIQP?ra.FCD�Th%('*FCW�=@\I=@QPACHfz*ACX�%P=@Q('^i´A^Wh'y'YQPV#HJ'Y?h?hHJ�UWh'NR±'YA^T['YV�s$&%nSP?NM=� ACXNXZ'NRPTh? ³ =+*wTh%('NWh'j=@?¦Av?['YupSP'YQPXZ'3¨ ÷ e�¨ ì e#!#!#!Le�¨�Ä Ã ¡ Ä FCD�XZFIQ�·�\IS(W�A^Th=JFIQP?¦?hS#X�%Th%PA^T�¨ ì =x?BTh%(',=@QP=JTh=xACH2XZFIQ�·#\IS(W�A^Th=JFIQ¥DGFCW ³ ��k5`Æ� ³ �Ê�f¨¶µ ­ ¨¶µ � ì DGFCW´Ñ.¥m(S¸§Ö a�k ih��ACQPVTh%('´?[ThA^T['�=@Q.¨ Ä Ã ¡ Ä =@?�ACXNXZ'NRPTh=xQ(\(s�$&%('BT[W�ACQP?h=JTh=@FIQ*D.SPQPXZTh=JFIQ.��FCD2� V('Z·ºQ('Y?OAWh'YH@A^Th=JFIQrFIQ�ª�:� �Z�¯�3� �¥Î@4�^ehÑ�e�­��9ÒIs�µt'�FCW�V('NW�Th%('�ThS(R�HJ'Y?�FCD Th%P=@?�Wh'YHxA^Th=JFIQv=@Qv?[FIzj'¦K�AL�~=xQ�T[FH@=@QP'Y?N²(HJ'NT Ø �±'�Th%('7QpS#z�±'NW�FCD;ThS(R#HJ'Y?�=xQvWh'YH@A^Th=JFIQR�ps

Ú 'NT ³ ��� Ó �E� ³ ��`�k;�;�º'~A^Wh�#=JT[W�A^Wh�Cs u FCW�z!SPHxA�ß�a ³ i7=@?7��SP=@HJT7DGWhFIz Th%('~D0FIH@H@FLKB=@QP\�^A^W�=@A^�#HJ'Y?Ys µt',ACH@?[Fj\I=J�C'Th%('7=@QpT['YQPV('YV�zj'YACQ#=@Q(\�FCD;'YACX�%��^A^W�=@A^��HJ'Cs

¯ÂQ�T['YQ#V('YV�zj'YACQP=xQ(\(M�ÆÅ � ¢ Ñ�¥¨�¶¥,Ö a�k i ��Å � ¢ `Á�^�#=JD"� =@?�=xQ�?[ThA^T[''� ¢ A^T&Th=@zj'j�és

�\¥mq.¥d� Å � µ � � Ñ�¥¨�¶¥,Ö a�k i  Å � µ � � ` �^�#=JD¬� � =@?&Th%('7XZFIQ�T['YQpTBFCD;Th%('�(�è�Th%�ThA^R±'?hunSPA^Wh'7A^T�\¥ (h¥ Ö a�k i Th=@z*'Â��s

�\¥� 3¥����Å � µ Ñ�¥¨�¶¥,Ö a�k iÇ��Å � µ�` �^�#=JD"� ?�XNACQP?�Th%('P(�è�Th%�ThA^R±'7?hunSPA^Wh'7A^T&Th=@z*'j��sí�î�ï.ð0ñçò�ó^ô ìÂõZö�ì°÷Zö õhõ ø ñçù�îhô ìhì ô ì�ú ûYì Ï û

Page 18: Max Planck Societymehlhorn/ftp/EATCSmonograph/chapter6.pdfü ý êéþºÿdÍ ü þ È@ÍnÿdÍ ±Í $&%(']'z¿ 'yxns(th=jfiq fcd¦atx %(fi=@xz'¥=xqp?[t[w spxzth=@fiqot[w acqp?[dg'nw

�Æ� ü ý ê�þºÿdÍ������ë��� ü ��� þ�È@ÍNÿdÍ��±Í�����\¥ (h¥ Ö a�k i

} Å � È Ñ�¥¨�¶¸,Ö a�k i } Å � È `Á�^�#=JD;H@=@Q('�B FCD"��=@?BSP?['YVvDGFCW&Th%('7T[W�ACQ#?h=JTh=JFIQvDGWhFIzÆTh=@z*'Â��\¥dB¬¥ Ø T[F*Th=xzj'Â��­|�^s

zfA^W�=@A^��HJ'Y?\�ÆÅ � ¢ Wh'NRPW�'Y?['YQ�TTh%('*?[ThA^T['*FCD�Th%('�·�Q#=JT['jXZFIQ�T[WhFIH���Th%('B Å � µ � � æç?�'YQPXZF�V('*Th%('jThA^R±'XZFIQpT['YQ�T�FCW�z*FCWh't'Z¿�ACXZThH@�C�´Th%P'�XZFIQ�T['YQpT�FCDTh%P'5·#W�?[T'Ö a�k ijThA^R±'t?hupS#A^Wh'Y?N�¦=�s�'CsJ�EFCD,Th%('Wh'YHJ'N�^ACQpT�R#A^WhT�FCD;Th%('�ThA^R±'C�PTh%('É� Å � µ æç?�\I=J�C'7Th%P'�RºFI?�=JTh=JFIQ~FCD;Th%('�ThA^R±'%('YACV�ACQPV�Th%(' } Å � È æç?'YQPXZF�V('*Th%('rT[W�ACQP?h=@Th=JFIQ5�±'Y%PAY��=JFIS(WYs]Ù�=@QPXZ':� =x?SÖ a�k iBTh=@z*'*�±FISPQPV('YVt=JT!XNACQwQ('N�C'NW,SP?['zjFCWh'�Th%#ACQ]Th%('¦·#W�?hT½Ö a�k ifThA^Rº'7?�upSPA^W�'Y?Nsf$&%nSP?�Th%('��^A^W�=@A^�#HJ'Y?� Å � µ � � A^Wh'7FIQPH@�rQ('N'YV('YVvDGFCW( ¥,Ö a�k iOACQPVvTh%('7�^A^W�=@A^��HJ'Y?��ÆÅ � µ�A^Wh'FIQPHJ�rQP'N'YV('YV�DGFCW=( ¥,Ö a�k iº­Ã�^s

µt'!KB=@H@H±Q('Z¿�TB?['NT´S(R]DGFCW�z!S#H@A^'7KB%P=xX�%v·P¿vTh%('=xQ�T['YQPVP'YV�zj'YACQP=@QP\jFCD Th%P'7�9A^W�=@A^�#HJ'Y?Nsµt'%PAL�C'T[F*'YQ#?hS(Wh'�Th%('-.Ü -0Þ¤-Gá#+±à�8�Ü Ý -0Þ¤-G8�Ü�a)� ?[ThA^WhTh?�=xQ?[ThA^T[';� ì �I=JTh?;%('YACV!=x?�FIQ,Th%('O·#W�?[T;?hunSPA^Wh'C�CACQPV ³ t} Ä Ã ¡ Ä � ¡=@?�Th%('ThA^Rº'7XZFIQpT['YQpTZih��Th%(':f8º1 Ü Ý á#6��tàI8ºÜ�Ý;-0Þ¤-G8�Üwa�A^T�ACQ��,Th=@zj'�SPQ#=JT¬� =@?�=@Q,'Z¿(ACXZThHJ�,FIQ('&?[ThA^T['C�n'YACX�%*ThA^R±'�?hunSPA^Wh'XZFIQpThAC=@QP?7'Z¿(ACXZThHJ�tFIQ('r?[�nz!�±FIH���Th%P'*ThA^R±'y%('YACV�=x?7A^T'Z¿(ACXZThHJ�tFIQ('y?�upSPA^W�'C� ACQPV�'Z¿�ACXZThHJ�FIQ('7H@=xQ('¦FCD Th%P'7$ S(W�=@Q(\�ThA^�#HJ'7=@?BA^RPR#H@=J'YV�ih�nACQPV�Th%('ÞL69á#Ü ßL-0Þ¤-G8�ÜlàI8�Ü Ý;-xÞ9-08ºÜ�a.Th%('´XZFIQ�·#\IS(W�A^Th=JFIQP?�A^T�?hSP�#?['YunS('YQ�TOTh=@zj'´SPQP=JTh?OA^Wh'´XZFIz*R#A^Th=J�#HJ'KB=JTh%vTh%P'7$ S(W�=@Q(\�ThA^�#HJ'^ihsÚ 'NTC`7�º'�A¦DGFCW�z,SPH@A´D0FCW�Th%P'&=@QP=JTh=@ACHnXZFIQPVP=@Th=JFIQ���Ê A¦DGFCW�z,SPH@A´DGFCW�Th%('��±FISPQPVPA^Wh�7XZFIQ#VP=JTh=JFIQ��ACQPVZ¿�A�D0FCW�z,SPH@A�DGFCW&Th%('T[W�ACQP?h=JTh=@FIQ]XZFIQPVP=JTh=JFIQ2s;$B%('YQ

ß�a ³ i�`T`^p�Ê{p:¿�pUa)� Ä Ã ¡ Ä � à � � Ä Ã ¡ Ä � à � ì � ����� � � Ä Ã ¡ Ä � � i�!µt'r?hTh=@H@H�%PAL�C'yT[F¾XZFIQ#?[T[W�SPXZT�`#�wÊ ACQPV ¿ =@Q��SÉ u s u FCW�z!S#H@A�`U=@?�'YAC?[�tT[F¥?h'NT!S(R2s Ú 'NT³ `¯� ��Ë � � Ì !#!#!�� � Í s�$&%('YQ`,` a)� ÷��çì p�� ÷#�çì pZ  ÷�� ì�� ��Ë p.  ÷�� © � � Ì pZ  ÷�� {#� �ÏÎ pu�����3pn  ÷�� ¡ � � Í pZ  ÷�� ¡ � ì��çì pu������pZ  ÷#� Ä Ã ¡ Ä �çì i�!`U=@?XNHJ'YA^W�HJ�t=@Qw�¶É u ²�Th%('NWh'rA^Wh'�Ö a�k i ­ « FnXNXNS(W�Wh'YQPXZ'Y?!FCD��9A^W�=xA^�#HJ'Y?7=@Q�`Ps u FCW�z,SPH@ArÊ=@?!zjFCWh'vVP=À�rXNSPH@T�T[FU?['NT�S(R2s]¯ÂQ�Ê KO'~K�ACQ�T,T[F¾'Z¿�RPWh'Y?�?D.ACXZTh?�H@=J�C'CMjz*ACX�%#=@Q(':� =x?=@Q'Z¿(ACXZThHJ�rFIQP'¦?hThA^T['A^T�Th=@zj'��ésf$&%pS#?OK�'7Q('N'YV]Aj?h%PFCWhT�D0FCW�z,SPH@A,KB%#=@X�%~'Z¿�RPWh'Y?h?['Y?�Th%P'´D.ACXZTTh%PA^T�'Z¿(ACXZThHJ�vFIQ('�FIS(T�FCD;Aj?['NT�FCD �9A^W�=xA^�#HJ'Y?�=@?�T[W�SP'Cs Ú 'NT ³�ì e#!#!#!Le ³ÁÐ �±'´�^A^W�=@A^��HJ'Y?Ns�$&%('YQÑIÒ ê�ÇYÿ.ÈÓ»�Ô(S�ºÍ a ³�ì e#!#!#!Le ³ÁÐ i;` J ÿ)R&�Í�ê��éÿ)Ô(S�ºÍ a ³�ì e#!#!#!¤e ³ÁÐ i�p

J ÿ))F � �éÿ)Ô(S�ºÍ a ³2ì e#!#!#!Le ³SÐ iheACQPV

J ÿ)Y& Íhê��Zÿ)%(S�ºÍ a ³�ì e#!#!#!Le ³ÁÐ i;` a ³2ì��Z³ © � ����� �Z³SÐ iheACQPVí�î�ï.ð0ñçò�ó^ô ìÂõZö�ì°÷Zö õhõ ø ñçù�îhô ìhì ô ì�ú ûYì Ð û

Page 19: Max Planck Societymehlhorn/ftp/EATCSmonograph/chapter6.pdfü ý êéþºÿdÍ ü þ È@ÍnÿdÍ ±Í $&%(']'z¿ 'yxns(th=jfiq fcd¦atx %(fi=@xz'¥=xqp?[t[w spxzth=@fiqot[w acqp?[dg'nw

�@�¸·&�:A ý Íj¹ºêCÿ.ÉD�£ºOêIëYÉ0È É.ÿY»B��� � ëNÈ@Í � ÉD���'°Ç ��� þ�ÈJÍYÿdÍ � ,J ÿ))F � �Zÿ)%(S�±Í a ³ ì e#!#!#!Le ³ Ð i;`{� J ÿ)Y& Íhê��Zÿ)�A � � a ³ ì e#!#!#!¤e ³ Ð i

`{� Õì%Ö µR× ��Ö�Ð a ³ µSp ³o� i

` Øì;Ö µR× �ÆÖ�Ð a ̳ µ � ̳o� i�!

u FCW�z,SPH@A ÑIÒ ê�ÇYÿ.ÈÓ»�Ô(S�ºÍ a ³�ì e#!#!#!¤e ³ÁÐ iE=@?�=@Ql�¶É u ²2Th%P'NWh'yA^Wh'*'Z¿(ACXZThHJ��´*­ « ´2a�´Z4��9i ¬ « `´ © FnXNXNSPWhWh'YQPXZ'Y?¾FCDj�9A^W�=@A^�#HJ'Y?�=xQ�=JTNs å T[W�S(Th% AC?h?h=J\IQPz*'YQ�TO��FCD ³2ì e#!#!#!Le ³SÐ ?�A^Th=@?·#'Y?ÑIÒ êIÇYÿ.ÈÓ»�%(S�±Í a ³2ì e#!#!#!Ye ³SÐ i�=+*��Ba ³ µÂi;`���DGFCW&'Z¿(ACXZThHJ�]FIQ('�([� �\¥ ( ¥§´�sµt'!V('Z·�Q('Ê�` Ø

÷�Ö Å Ö Ä Ã ¡ Ä aRÊ���ÅyÙ%ÅyÚIaY��iSp�Ê ÄÜÛ � µ+ÅDµ Û ¡ aY��i�phÊ[ÅYÙ Ä Ú � Û ¡ ÅyÚ ¡ Å�aY��i�phÊ[ÅyÃ;Ù ¡ � µ+ÅDµ Û ¡ aY��i[iKB%('NW�' Ê���ÅYÙ%ÅyÚCaY��i ` ÑIÒ êIÇYÿ.ÈÓ»�%(S�±Í a)��Å � ì e#!#!#!Le���Å � �LiÊ Ä�Û � µ+Å?µ Û ¡ aY��i ` ÑIÒ êIÇYÿ.ÈÓ»�%(S�±Í a���Å � ì e#!#!#!Ye;� Å � Ä Ã ¡ Ä � ì iÊ^ÅyÙ Ä Ú � Û ¡ ÅYÚ ¡ Å�aY��i ` Ø

ì;Ö µ Ö Ä Ã ¡ Ä ÑIÒ êIÇYÿ.ÈÓ»�%(S�±Í a) Å � µ �çì e#!#!#!¤e� �Å � µ � �Ii ACQPV

Ê^Å£Ã;Ù ¡ � µ+Å?µ Û ¡ aY��i ` ÑIÒ êIÇYÿ.ÈÓ»�%(S�±Í a } Å �çì e#!#!#!¤e } Å � Ö i�!Ê�=@? XNHJ'YA^W�H@�7=@Q��SÉ u ²9Th%('NWh'�A^Wh'�a Ö a�k ié­v�9iÆ��a�� © ­va Ö a�k ié­v�9i © ­Ö a�k iÆ�@� © ­ Ø © i±FnXNXNS(W�Wh'YQPXZ'Y?FCD �9A^W�=xA^�#HJ'Y?�=@Q�Ê~sfåEQ�AC?�?h=J\IQPzj'YQpTe��T[F*Th%P'��9A^W�=xA^�#HJ'Y?�FCD¬ß�a ³ i�?hA^Th=@?·#'Y?eÊ =+*UD0FCW�'N�C'NWh���Th%('NWh'=@?&'Z¿�ACXZThHJ�vFIQ('^ *KB=@Th%��Ba)��Å � � i;`��^�P'Z¿(ACXZThHJ�]FIQ('¶´�KB=JTh%h�Ea��ÆÅ � Ð i;` �^�q!#!#!¤shÉE'Z¿�TK�'V('Z·�Q('

¿Ã` Ø÷�Ö Å�× Ä Ã ¡ Ä ¿!aY��ihe

KB%('NW�';¿,aY��i�'Z¿�RPWh'Y?h?['Y?�Th%P'´D.ACXZT&Th%PA^T�Th%('�T[W�ACQP?h=JTh=JFIQ~DGWhFIz Th=@zj'���T[F��±­��¦=@?�XZFIz*R#A^Th=J�#HJ'KB=JTh%vTh%P'7H@=@Q('¦FCD;Th%('7$ S(W�=@Q(\�ThA^�#H@'7?['YHJ'YXZT['YV��n�~�9A^W�=xA^�#HJ'Y? } Å � ì e#!#!#!Le } Å � Ö s Ú 'NT

� ¢�Ý e�� � Ý e�� Þ¢�Ý e��jÞ� Ý e�Þ È�±'7Th%('tB0è�Th%¾H@=xQ('�FCDfTh%(',$ S(W�=@Q(\jThA^�#HJ'C�;�'¥ßBh¥ Ø ��=�s�'CsJ�±=JD � =@?E=@Q¥?hThA^T['�� ¢ÔÝ ACQPV¥Wh'YACVP??[��z�±FIH½� � Ý �ºTh%('YQU=JT Ç�ê�� a)� =x?EQ(FIQ#V('NT['NW�z*=@Q#=@?[Th=@X9i�X�%PACQ(\C'�=JTh?E?hThA^T[',T[FR� Þ¢�Ý �ºRPW�=xQ�T=��Þ� ÝACQPV�z*FL�C'7Th%('!%('YACV]�n�.Þ È �5Î@4�^ehÑ�e�­��9Òj?hunSPA^Wh'Y?NsfŦ?h=@QP\,Th%#=@?�Q(FCThA^Th=JFIQ¥KO'VP'Z·�Q('¿!aY��i ` Ø

ì;Ö µ Ö Ä Ã ¡ Ä � Øì;Ö���Ö � a�� Å � µ � Ì  Å � µ � � �   Å � ì�� µ � � i�pØ

ì;Ö�È/Ö Öhà a Ì��Å � µ � Ì } Å � È� ��Å � ¢ÔÝ i�p5a���Å � µ � Ì } Å � Èo�  a Ì�ÆÅ � µ � Ì } Å � Èo� � Å � ì�� Þ¢�Ý iSpta Ì�ÆÅ � µ � Ì} Å � È�   Å � ì�� µ � Þ� Ý iSpa Ì�ÆÅ � µ � Ì } Å � Èo� �ÆÅ � ì�� µ � ö Ý i�áâ¶!

í�î�ï.ð0ñçò�ó^ô ìÂõZö�ì°÷Zö õhõ ø ñçù�îhô ìhì ô ì�ú ûYì°õ°û

Page 20: Max Planck Societymehlhorn/ftp/EATCSmonograph/chapter6.pdfü ý êéþºÿdÍ ü þ È@ÍnÿdÍ ±Í $&%(']'z¿ 'yxns(th=jfiq fcd¦atx %(fi=@xz'¥=xqp?[t[w spxzth=@fiqot[w acqp?[dg'nw

« Ñ ü ý ê�þºÿdÍ������ë��� ü ��� þ�È@ÍNÿdÍ��±Í����u FCW�z,SPH@A.¿,aY��iBQ('N'YV#?7?[FIzj'j'Z¿�R#H@ACQPA^Th=@FIQ�s�µm%('YQ�=@?ja�� Å � µ � Ì  Å � µ � � �   Å � ì�� µ � � i&T[W�S(' Ú ¯°T7=@?T[W�S(']=JDB'Y=JTh%('NWz�ÆÅ � µ¦=@?,T[W�S('C�O=�s�'CsJ�/� ?hXNACQP?jXZ'YH@HS(�A^TjTh=@zj'��é��FCW Ì Å � µ � � =@?,D.ACH@?['C��=�s�'CsJ��Th%('XZFIQpT['YQ�T!FCD�Th%#A^TXZ'YH@HfA^Tj��=@?�QPFCTP� � � FCWP �Å � ì�� µ � � =@?¦T[W�SP'C� =�s�'CsJ� Th%('*XZFIQpT['YQ�T,FCD�Th%PA^TXZ'YH@HA^T �2­Ã�!=@?M� � s�¯°Q�FCTh%('NWBK�FCW�VP?N��=JD���Å � µf=@?�D.ACH@?['!ACQPVR Å � µ � � =@?�T[W�SP'�Th%('YQ� Å � ì�� µ � � z,SP?[TB�º'T[W�S('C��=�s�'CsJ��=JDq� V(Fn'Y?OQPFCT�?hXNACQrTh%('�(.è�Th%~ThA^R±'E?hunSPA^Wh'´A^T�Th=xzj' ��Th%('YQrTh%('¦XZFIQ�T['YQpT�FCD�Th%PA^TXZ'YH@H±V(Fn'Y?�Q(FCT&X�%PACQP\C'Cs�Ù�=@z*=xH@A^W�HJ�C�IKE%('YQv=@?¦a Ì� Å � µ � Ì } Å � È �   Å � µ � � Ý i�T[W�SP' Ú µt'YH@H���=@D�� Å � µ =@?�T[W�S('ACQPV } Å � È =@?�T[W�SP'´Th%P'YQ. Å � µ � � Ý z,SP?[T�ACH@?hF,�±'¦T[W�S('C�(=�s�'CsJ�P=@D2� ?hXNACQ#?�XZ'YH@Hf(�A^T�Th=@zj'��OACQ#VvKO'K�ACQ�T&T[FrA^RPR#HJ�rTh%('�B0è�Th%]T[W�ACQP?�=JTh=JFIQ���Th%('YQ�XZ'YHxHq(�z,SP?[T&XZFIQpThAC=@QR� � Ý �('NThX^s

u FCW�z!S#H@A,¿!aY��i,=x?yXNHJ'YA^W�H@�o=xQm�¶É u ��Th%('NWh'5A^Wh'3Ö a�k i@�±aW9^�r­ �ýN Ø i�FnXNXNS(W�Wh'YQPXZ'Y?rFCD�^A^W�=@A^�#HJ'Y?�=xQ.¿!aY��ihsO$&%P=@?�XZFIzjR#H@'NT['Y?&Th%('XZFIQ#?[T[W�SPXZTh=JFIQ�FCD DGFCW�z,SPH@A�ß�a ³ ihs� 3n<l<�á§8Hxzã%ñÿú�îZ÷�óþæ�ß�a ³ i=ð�æ�øwåsãPð�ñ�ø&üýä0úÿ÷Cð�ä�ã�ù.ìïøBò ñ�ó õ&øHñ�îBìþæ�ó"ä)ìïî.ã=û�ì���ã�ø ³ 7%ì��Oã3�Ó7½ä)íHãî3æ#ò&òqìïøCû ³ �Õß�a ³ i¶ìïü=æ�ò ñ�ó õ&øHñ�îBìþæ�ó¬ä)ìïî:ãPð�ñ�î5òh÷säWæså�óDã'ä0ú�æ�ø&üa2)ñÿú�î3æCä)ìDñ�ø:��S� �ý��� M u FCW�z!SPHxA\ßOa ³ i =@?�XNHJ'YA^W�H@�!=@Q*�¶É u sI$&%('NWh'�A^Wh'"Ö a�k i¤­ « ­Ua Ö a�k i¤­U�9i��[a�� © ­Ua Ö a�k i¤­�9i © ­ Ö a�k i'�C� © ­ Ø�© i ­ Ö a�k i © �(aW9^�!­��ýN Ø i ­§��4¨°´­ �y`§³ja Ö a�k i { iBFnXNXNSPWhWh'YQPXZ'Y?FCD�^A^W�=@A^�#HJ'Y?�=xQ ßOa ³ ihsv¯�D�KO'rK&W�=JT['*=xQPVP=@XZ'Y?¦FCD��^A^W�=@A^�#HJ'Y?�=xQt�#=@QPA^W��¥Wh'NRPW�'Y?['YQ�ThA^Th=@FIQ�� =�s�'CsJ� A?h=@QP\IHJ'E�^A^W�=@A^��HJ'�XZFIQP?hSPzj'Y?B?[R#ACXZ'!³ja�H@FC\qÖ a�k i[ih�(Th%('YQ�Th%('7QPA^ThS(W�ACH±'YQ#XZFnVP=xQ(\�FCD¬ß�a ³ i�F¤�C'NWTh%('�ACHJR#%PA^�±'NTOÎ�aÂeZihe%p�e � e%��e;��e��(e� �e } ehÑ�eY�9Ò¦%PAC?�H@'YQ(\CTh%�³*a Ö a�k i { �xHJFC\qÖ a�k i[ihs;$B%('�?hT[W�SPXZThS(Wh'FCD2DGFCW�z,SPH@APß�a ³ if=@?��C'NWh�r?h=@zjR#H@'C²�'Z¿�RPWh'Y?h?h=@FIQ}`jV('NR±'YQPV#?fFIQ ³ =@Q~A�C'NWh�~?h=@zjR�HJ'&K�AY�C�(Th%('FCTh%('NW¦R#A^WhTh?�Ê ACQ#V�¿ FIQPHJ�¾V('NR±'YQPV�FIQ5k�`Æ� ³ �Ês7$&%nSP?ßOa ³ i&XNACQ¾�±',XZFIQP?[T[W�SPXZT['YV5�n�¥A$&½�=@QvR±FIHJ��Q(FIz*=@ACHºTh=@zj'CsÉ´'Z¿nT&K�'%PAL�C'7T[FyDGFCW�z*ACHxHJ�*Wh'YH@A^T[' ³ ��¹{ACQPV]Th%('?�A^Th=@?·�A^�#=xH@=JTd�yFCD¬ß�a ³ ihs� 3n<l<�á,ÓXx}� 2 ³ �Q¹°ä)íHã�øRß�a ³ iSìïü�ü�æCä)ìïüaiHæså�óDã3��S� �ý��� M�¯°D ³ �º¹�Th%('YQwTh%('NWh'v=@?AU?['YunS('YQPXZ'Z¨ ÷ e�¨ ì e#!#!#!Le�¨ Ä Ã ¡ Ä FCDEXZFIQ�·#\IS(W�A^Th=@FIQP??hS#X�%Th%PA^T¨ ÷ =@?�Th%('=@Q#=JTh=@ACH±XZFIQ�·#\IS(W�A^Th=JFIQ]FCD"� DGFCW ³ �H¨¶µ ­ ¨¶µ � ì D0FCWBÑB¥ ( ¸,Ö a�k ih��ACQPV]Th%('?[ThA^T['=xQQ¨ Ä Ã ¡ Ä =@?�ACXNXZ'NRPTh=@Q(\(sI¯´'Z·ºQ('7T[W�S(Th%¥AC?h?h=J\IQPz*'YQ�T��{�p�

�Ba)��Å � ¢ i;`�� � =JD"� ¢ =@?�Th%P'?[ThA^T['!=xQ�¨=Å�²Ñ FCTh%('NWhKE=@?['C��Ba)  Å � µ � � i;`�� � =JD"� � =@?�Th%P'7?[�nz!�±FIH±FIQ�Th%('�(�è�Th%�ThA^R±'?hunSPA^Wh'�FCDh¨=Å�²Ñ FCTh%('NWhKE=@?['C��Ba���Å � µÂi;` � � =JD Th%('�(.è�Th%¾?hupS#A^Wh'7=@?�?hXNACQPQP'YV�=@Q�¨=Å�²Ñ FCTh%('NWhKE=@?['C�

�Ba } Å � È i;`åä � =JD Th%('jB0è�Th%¥H@=xQ('EFCD;Th%('7$ S(W�=xQ(\�ThA^�#HJ'�FCD � =x?&SP?['YV=@QvTh%('T[W�ACQP?h=JTh=@FIQvD0WhFIz«¨=Å�T[F.¨=Å � ì ²Ñ FCTh%('NWhKE=@?['Cs

¯°T&=@?&Aj?h=@z*R#HJ'¦'Z¿n'NW�XN=@?['�T[FyX�%('YXh�]Th%PA^T[�{=@Q#V('N'YV]?hA^Th=@?·�'Y?Mß�s

í�î�ï.ð0ñçò�ó^ô ìÂõZö�ì°÷Zö õhõ ø ñçù�îhô ìhì ô ì�ú û © ÷°û

Page 21: Max Planck Societymehlhorn/ftp/EATCSmonograph/chapter6.pdfü ý êéþºÿdÍ ü þ È@ÍnÿdÍ ±Í $&%(']'z¿ 'yxns(th=jfiq fcd¦atx %(fi=@xz'¥=xqp?[t[w spxzth=@fiqot[w acqp?[dg'nw

�@�¸·&�:A ý Íj¹ºêCÿ.ÉD�£ºOêIëYÉ0È É.ÿY»B��� � ëNÈ@Í � ÉD���'°Ç ��� þ�ÈJÍYÿdÍ « �� 3n<l<�á)�fx}� 2¬ß�a ³ i/ìïü=ü�æCä)ìïü6iHæså@óDã5ä)íHã�ø ³ �Q¹ ��S� �ý��� M Ú 'NT=�l�±'BA7T[W�SPTh%*AC?h?h=J\IQ#zj'YQ�TOKB%P=@X�%*?hA^Th=@?[·#'Y?�ß�a ³ ihsf$&%P'YQz�BaRÊri;` �^��ACH@?[F(��ACQPV%('YQPXZ'D0FCW´'Z¿�ACz*R#HJ'��EaRÊ\��ÅYÙ;ÅYÚCaY��i[i�`{�Ba Ñ=Ò êIÇLÿ.ȸ»�Ô(S�ºÍ a)�ÆÅ �çì e#!#!#!¤e��ÆÅ � �Li[if`��7DGFCW´ACHxH?��s�$&%nSP?DGFCW 'N�C'NW�����Th%P'NWh'�=x? 'Z¿(ACXZThHJ�!FIQ('Bq��I?hAY�*qºaY��ih�I?�SPX�%�Th%PA^T'�Ea)�ÆÅ � ¢ i ` �^s�Ù�=@zy=@H@A^W�HJ�C�¤D0FCW;'N�C'NWh���Th%P'NWh'�=@?�'Z¿�ACXZThHJ�~FIQ('�([�P?�AY�Z(haY��ih�P?�SPX�%vTh%PA^T��Ea��ÆÅ � µÂi `Á��ACQPVvFIQ('ÂB°�P?hAY��B°aY��ih�#?hS#X�%~Th%PA^T�Ba } Å � È i�`��^s u =xQPACH@HJ�C�±DGFCW�'N�C'NWh�r�¦ACQPV,(�Th%('NW�'*=@?¦'Z¿�ACXZThH@�¾FIQ('� P��?hAL�h #aY��e�([ih� ?hSPX�%5Th%PA^T�Ba)  Å � µ � � i;` �^s µt'&XZFIQPXNH@S#V('�Th%PA^T Th%('�T[W�S('��9A^W�=@A^�#HJ'Y? V('Z·�Q('�A´XZFIQ(·#\IS(W�A^Th=JFIQ�¨ Å DGFCW 'N�C'NWh��,M2� ¢ à ÅWÄ =x?7Th%('~?[ThA^T['C� � � à Š�çì Ä � � à Š� © Ä !#!#!�� � à Š� Ä Ã ¡ Ä?Ä =@?Th%('yThA^R±'yXZFIQpT['YQ�TN�OACQPV�(haY��i´=x?7Th%('R±FI?h=JTh=JFIQ¾FCD�Th%P',W�'YACVHt¤K&W�=JT['Zèd%P'YACV�så´?h?h=J\IQPz*'YQ�T���ACH@?[F]?hA^Th=x?·#'Y?¦?hS(�PDGFCW�z,SPH@A}`Ps7Û´'YQPXZ'qºa�Ñni;` �^�&(�a�Ñni�` �^�æ Pa�Ñ�eY�9i�`� ì �æ Pa�Ñ�e « i�`� © ��'NThX^sJ�PKE%('NWh' ³ `ª� � Ë � � Ì !#!#!ºsf$B%pSP?M¨ ÷ =@?Th%('�=xQP=JTh=@ACH^XZFIQ�·#\ISPW�A^Th=JFIQ�FCD&�>FIQ7=@QPR#S(T ³ s¬ÉE'Z¿�T�FC��?['NWh�C'fTh%PA^Tw�Ba)� Ä Ã ¡ Ä � à � ����� � � Ä Ã ¡ Ä � � i `�¦ACQPVv%('YQPXZ'°'¥mqºa Ö a�k i[i�¥§�Isf$&%nSP?�Th%('�?[ThA^T['7=@Qn¨ Ä Ã ¡ Ä =@?�ACXNXZ'NRPTh=@Q(\(sfµt'7?hTh=@H@H#%#AY�C'�T[F?h%(F¤K ¨=Å ­ ¨=Å � ì DGFCWEÑ ¥d�/¸,Ö a�k ihsµt'7ACHx?[Fj%PAY�C'j�Ea?¿!aY��i[if` �^s�$&%nSP?1�Ba���Å � µ � Ì Å � µ � �'�  Å � ì�� µ � � i ` �¦DGFCW&ACH@HX(�ACQPVz (s�¯°QR#A^WhTh=xXNSPH@A^W�D0FCW;(M6`ª(haY��iOACQPV]%P'YQPXZ'j�Ba���Å � µÂi;`ÃÑjACQPV} ,`� #aY��e�([i�ACQPV]%('YQ#XZ'j�Ba) Å � µ � � i ` �^�K�'y=@Q(DG'NW��Ba) Å � ì�� µ � � i´`��^sv$&%nSP?�Th%('rXZFIQ�T['YQpT!FCD�Th%(':(.è�Th%�ThA^R±'y?hunSPA^Wh'r=@?�Th%('y?�ACzj'y=@Q¨=Å�ACQPV£¨=Å � ì DGFCW=(�6`ª(�aY��ih�#=�s�'CsJ�H¨=ÅOACQPV�¨=Å � ì VP=+*±'NW�A^TBzjFI?[T&=xQrTh%P'��n=@XN=xQP=JTd�yFCD Th%('�ThA^R±'%('YACV�s�µt',ACH@?[F*%PAL�C'DGFCWBACH@Hf(OACQPV�B�Ba[a Ì� Å � µ � Ì } Å � È � � Å � ¢�Ý i?p5a Ì� Å � µ � �����Ii�pr������p5a������ � � Å � ì�� µ � ö Ý i[i;` ��!$&%nSP?,qºaY��i�`�q È Ã ÅWÄ �: PaY�ée�(haY��i[i!`� È Ã Å�Ä �fqºaY�f­ �9i7`èçq È Ã ÅWÄ �: PaY��­��^e�(haY��­ �9i[i` ç È Ã ÅWÄ ��ACQPV(haY�º­��9i;`ª(�aY��i�­�Þ È Ã ÅWÄ s�¯ÂQrFCTh%P'NW&KOFCW�VP?NM�H@=@Q('�BÂaY��i�FCD¬�bæç?&$ S(W�=xQ(\ThA^�#H@'¦=x?�A^R#R#H@=@XNA^�#H@'BT[F¨=Å&ACQPV¾�n=@'YH@VP?¨=Å � ì KB%('YQUA^RPR#H@=@'YV�T[F�¨=Å�s¦$&%nSP?�¨=Å � ì =@?´Ar?hS#XNXZ'Y?h?[FCW7XZFIQ�·#\ISPW�A^Th=JFIQ¾FCD¨=Å�s

¯ÂQU?hSPz*z*A^W��C�ºK�'j%PAY�C'*?�%(FLKBQUTh%PA^T¦Th%('NW�'�=x?´ACQ5ACXNXZ'NRPTh=xQ(\]XZFIzjR#S(ThA^Th=JFIQ5FCD¶� FIQ=@Q(R�S(T ³ �#=�s�'CsJ� ³ �R¹&sÚ 'Yzyz*A^ThAo�^� « ACQ#V´9¥'Y?[ThA^�#Hx=@?h%wTh%PA^T'¹éªÆÙ�å�$7s�Ù(=@QPXZ':¹Á=x?,A^W��#=JT[W�A^Wh�C�;K�']XZFIQPXNH@SPV('¹¨ªÃÙ�å�$|DGFCW&'N�C'NWh�n¹�� �� sÙ�å�$ =@?7FISPW7·#W�?hT �� èdXZFIzjR#HJ'NT['~RPWhFC�#H@'Yz]svµt'~KE=@H@H�SP?['~=JT7T[F5?h%(F¤K �� èdXZFIzjR#H@'NT['YQ('Y?h?FCD�z*ACQp�tFCTh%('NWRPW�FC�#HJ'Yz*?7=xQ5Th%('rQ('Z¿�T?['YXZTh=@FIQ�s]¶O'NDGFCWh'~V(FI=@Q(\�?[F(�;K�'y?h%(F¤K Th%#A^T,Ù�å�$Wh'Yz*AC=xQP? �;� èdXZFIz*R#HJ'NT['w=@DK�'�XZFIQ�·�Q('tFISPW�?['YHJ�C'Y?]T[F�D0FCW�z,SPH@A^'�%#AY��=@Q(\�A^T¥zjFI?hT�Th%(Wh'N'H@=JT['NW�ACH@?�R±'NW&XNH@ACSP?['CsɦACzj'CM Ù�å�$�aW9pihs¯ÂQ(R#S(TNM å D0FCW�z,SPH@A�ßl=@Q¥�¶É u KB=JTh%]A^TEzjFI?[T&Th%(W�'N'7H@=JT['NW�ACH@?�R±'NW&XNH@ACS#?['Cs\ S('Y?hTh=JFIQ�M�¯Â?Mßw?�A^Th=@?·�A^�#H@' Ú�,ä�3n8#693n<áÓXx~Ù(å�$7aW9pi¶ìïü �� ­ ð�ñ�îPòqóDã�ä�ã3��S� �ý��� MEÙ�å�$aW9piE� �� =@?ET[W�=J��=@ACH�²±KO'�FIQPH@�¥%PAY�C'jT[F]?h%PFLK Ù�å�$²ªÁÙ�å�$7aW9pih²2¯ÂQUFCW�V('NW¦T[FWh'YVPS#XZ']Ù�å�$§T[FwÙ(å�$7aW9pi7KO']%PAL�C']T[FtWh'NR#H@ACXZ']XNH@ACS#?['Y?,FCDEA^Wh�#=@T[W�A^Wh��V('N\CW�'N']�p��XNHxACSP?['Y?í�î�ï.ð0ñçò�ó^ô ìÂõZö�ì°÷Zö õhõ ø ñçù�îhô ìhì ô ì�ú û © ì�û

Page 22: Max Planck Societymehlhorn/ftp/EATCSmonograph/chapter6.pdfü ý êéþºÿdÍ ü þ È@ÍnÿdÍ ±Í $&%(']'z¿ 'yxns(th=jfiq fcd¦atx %(fi=@xz'¥=xqp?[t[w spxzth=@fiqot[w acqp?[dg'nw

«C« ü ý ê�þºÿdÍ������ë��� ü ��� þ�È@ÍNÿdÍ��±Í����%PAL�n=@QP\!V('N\CWh'N'�9ns Ú 'NT ³ ì � ³ © � ����� � ³ ¡ �±'¦A!XNH@ACS#?['Cs Ú 'NT1n ì e#!#!#!Lean ¡ �º'¦Q('NKm�9A^W�=@A^�#HJ'Y?Ns��FIQP?�=@V('NW

ß�` a ³�ì'� Ìn ì i�p5aRn ì��.³ © � Ìn © iSp)�����3p5aRn ¡ � ì'�.³ ¡ � Ìn ¡ i�p�n ¡ !),+Gá#-.< ��â"ã�äI�mM#Î ³�ì !#!#! ³ ¡ Ò�� ÎLÑ�eY�9ÒRåCã�æRä0úÿ÷sä)í£æ�ü�ü�ì+û�øyî:ã�øHä6�j�"í%ã�ú�ã�ìïü=æ�ø7ã�ôXä�ã�øyü�ìDñ�øê Mæëåìhí � ÎLÑ�eY�9Ò�ñ32��°êhì�ä)í ê a)ß�i�`Á��ì+lr�Ea ³ ì � ����� �Z³ ¡ i�` ����S� �ý��� M*»;îo¼�M�å´?h?hSPz*'1�Ea ³ ì � ����� �³ ¡ i `Á�^s Ú 'NT�( ÷ �±'�Th%('&HJ'YAC?[Th(�?hSPX�%*Th%PA^TC�Ba ³ µ i ` �^s¯¦'Z·�Q(' ê a)��if`åä �Ea ³o� i =JD"�!` ³D� D0FCWB?hFIzj'[ (²Ñ =JD"�!`Tn � DGFCWE?[FIzj' 3¸ ( ÷ ²� FCTh%('NW�KB=@?['Cs$&%('YQ ê a)ß�i�` ��AC?BTh%('7Wh'YACVP'NWBXNACQ¥X�%('YXh�]'YAC?h=xHJ�Cs»;ïo¼�M Ú 'NT ê MSëðìríK� ÎLÑ�eY�9Òr�±'*AvT[W�S(Th%tAC?h?�=J\IQPzj'YQpT�KB=JTh% ê a)ßfi´`��^sjµt'y%PAL�C'*T[F?h%(F¤K ê a ³�ì=�R³ © � ����� �Q³ ¡ i�` �^s,å´?h?hSPz*'!FCTh%('NW�KB=@?['Cs$B%('YQ ê a ³ µ°i�`�ÑvD0FCW7ACHxH¬(hsµt'?h%(F¤K ê aRn�µ°i,` Ñ5D0FCW*ACHxH¶(¦�n�w=xQPVPSPXZTh=JFIQwFIQb([s}Ù�=@QPXZ' ê a ³�ì � Ìn ì i,` �~K�'�z!SP?hT�%#AY�C'ê aRn ì i�`bÑ�sPÉ´'Z¿nTN��KO'*=@QPD0'NW´D0W�FIz ê aRn ì=��³ © � Ìn © i�`Æ��Th%#A^T ê aRn © i&`ÁÑ�s*Ù�=@z*=xH@A^W�HJ�C��KO'XZFIQPXNH@S#V(' ê aRn { i;`������n` ê aRn ¡ i `ÃÑyACQPV�%('YQPXZ' ê a)ß�i�`ÃÑ���A*XZFIQ�T[W�ACVP=@XZTh=JFIQ�s$&%('!Wh'YVPSPXZTh=@FIQ�FCD�Ù�å�$ T[F�Ù�å�$7aW9pi�=@?B'YAC?h�¥Q(FLKsB�B'NR�H@ACXZ',ACQp��XNH@ACSP?h'!KB=@Th%¥zjFCWh'!Th%PACQTh%(Wh'N'7Hx=JT['NW�ACH@?��n�~Ay?['NT&FCD�XNH@ACSP?['Y?BAC?&V('Y?hXZW�=@�º'YVvA^�±FL�C'CsÛ´FLK A^�±FIS(TEÙ(å�$7a « i Ú ¯°?&=@T&?[Th=@H@H �� èdXZFIzjR#HJ'NT[' Ú É´F(�ºÙ�å�$7a « i�=@?�=@Qn< a0Ü�¿n'NW�XN=@?['5�pihs

T U/ñ"UZa of]ÿir¦�e�oqp�N=H)iPÿi)F5]�o?GIH)ispÔjµt'&'Z¿�T['YQPV*FISPWfH@=@?[T;FCD �;� èdXZFIz*R#HJ'NT['&RPW�FC�#HJ'Yz*?�ACQPVj?�%(FLK �� èdXZFIzjR�HJ'NT['YQ('Y?h?�FCD���Hx=@upSP'¤�a�Ñ��@�9i�è�¯ÂQ�T['N\C'NW´��WhFC\CW�ACz*z*=@Q(\(��z�'NWhT['Z¿¥��FL�C'NWL�PÛ´ACzy=@HJT[FIQP=@ACQ]����XNHJ'C�($�W�AY�C'YH@=@QP\*Ù(ACHJ'Y?hz*ACQ��9¤èdVP=@z*'YQP?h=JFIQPACH�½¾A^ThX�%P=@Q(\(�Dò7Q#A^R#?hACXh�±�PÙ�X�%P'YVPSPH@=@QP\7¯°Q#V('NR±'YQPV('YQpT�$ AC?h�n?�ACQPVr��W�'YXZ'YV('YQPXZ'��FIQP?hT[W�AC=@Q('YV¥Ù�X�%('YVPSPHx=@Q(\(sɦACzj'CM ��H@=xupS('9s¯ÂQ(R#S(TNM ŦQPVP=JWh'YXZT['YVv\CW�A^R#%¾_ `�adcfehgji�ACQPV�=@QpT['N\C'NW¦q�s\ S('Y?hTh=JFIQ�M�¯Â?ETh%P'NWh'jA~XNHx=@upSP'!FCD�?h=J¸N'*q¥=xQt_j��=�s�'CsJ�2=@?´Th%('NWh'yc�f��cÆKB=JTh%���c7�°�P`bq¾ACQPV

a��PehÏ7iO�¥gbD0FCWEACH@H2�PehÏ �Uc � Ú�,ä�3n8#693n< 8yxuó óïìYô&÷�ã;ìïü �;� ­ ð�ñ�îPòfóDã�ä�ã3��S� �ý��� ME��Hx=@upSP'U� �;� K�AC?y?�%(FLKBQ}=xQwTh%P'�=@Q�T[W�FnVPS#XZTh=JFIQ�slµt'¥XZFIzjR#HJ'NT[']Th%P']RPWhFnFCDB�n�?h%(F¤KB=@Q(\*Ù�å�$7aW9pi=ªm��H@=@unS('9s Ú 'NTMßt` ˤì p������Üp Ë ¢ �±'�A!DGFCW�z,SPH@A�=@Q��¶É u KB=JTh%vA^T&zjFI?[TTh%(Wh'N'rH@=JT['NW�ACH@?7Rº'NW,XNH@ACSP?['Cs Ú 'NT Ë µE` ³�õ3öy÷ ˵ �çì �£³Dõ3öy÷ ̵ � © �£³�õ3öy÷ ε � { KB%P'NWh'zøyµ � Ð �|ÎLÑ�eY�9Ò�ACQPV ³ ìV('YQ(FCT['Y? ³ ACQPV ³ ÷ V('YQPFCT['Y? ̳ sfµt',XZFIQP?[T[W�S#XZT&ACQ¥SPQPV#=JWh'YXZT['YV~\CW�A^R#%¾_ ` adcfehgjiOKE=JTh%

c�` ÎL��µ � Ð ²Y�\¥ (�¥mq�eY�\¥§´n¥º9pÒACQPVla�� µ � Ð eh� ��� Ö i���gÆ=+* (�6`T vACQPVla ³ µ � Ð 6` ³ ��� Ö FCW�ø µ � Ð `ùø ��� Ö ih�º=�s�'CsJ�º=JDf� µ � Ð ACQPV¾� ��� ÖA^Wh'QPFCT&XZFIzjR#HJ'Yzj'YQpTh?&FCD 'YACX�%¾FCTh%('NWYsí�î�ï.ð0ñçò�ó^ô ìÂõZö�ì°÷Zö õhõ ø ñçù�îhô ìhì ô ì�ú û ©h© û

Page 23: Max Planck Societymehlhorn/ftp/EATCSmonograph/chapter6.pdfü ý êéþºÿdÍ ü þ È@ÍnÿdÍ ±Í $&%(']'z¿ 'yxns(th=jfiq fcd¦atx %(fi=@xz'¥=xqp?[t[w spxzth=@fiqot[w acqp?[dg'nw

���yú@�=F � �[Í\�� ÂÇ ��� þ�È@ÍNÿdÍ\��� � ëNÈ@Í � � « 9),+Gá#-.< �Bßwìïü=ü�æCä)ìïü6iHæså@óDã;ì+lt_díyæ�ü;æ:ð�óïìRôs÷�ã�ñ32"ü�ì+�ÿã�qS��S� �ý��� M*»;ïo¼�M Ú 'NTÉ���±'*T[W�S(Th%�AC?�?h=J\IQPzj'YQpTKE=JTh%¡�Ba)ß�i�` �yACQPVw%('YQPXZ'~�Ea Ë µhi´` �*DGFCWACH@H ([���3¥d(¥bq�s u FCW'N�C'NW��7(&Th%('NWh'*z,SP?[T��±'}´±� ?hAY��´�a)([ih� ?hSPX�%tTh%PA^T��Ea ³ õ öy÷ û�ü¸övýµ � Ð Ã µ0Ä iB`��^sÚ 'NT¦c7��`�ÎL� µ � Ð Ã µ0Ä ²��¥ (�¥mq#ÒIs�$&%('YQUc7�2=x?�A*XNH@=@unS('¦FCD�?h=J¸N'!q�s»;îo¼�M Ú 'NT¥c � ��c �±'¾AoXNH@=@unS('¾FCD!?h=J¸N'�q�s Ù�=xQPXZ'wa���µ � Ð eh� ��� Ö i¾�§g�=@z*R#H@=J'Y?B(§6`þ K�'¾XZFIQPXNH@S#V('�Th%PA^T]c � ` ÎL� µ � Ð Ã µ0Ä ²U�w¥Ù(Z¥ q#ÒUD0FCWv?[FIzj'¾DGSPQ#XZTh=JFIQ_´±sT¯¦'Z·�Q('¾T[W�S(Th%AC?h?h=@\IQPzj'YQpT����n�

�Ba ³ i�` ä � =JD ³ ` ³ µ � Ð Ã µ0Ä DGFCWB?[FIzj'5(�ACQPVhø µ � Ð Ã µ)Ä ` �^�Ñ =JD ³ ` ³ µ � Ð Ã µ0Ä DGFCWB?[FIzj'5(�ACQPVhø µ � Ð Ã µ)Ä `ÃÑ��A^Wh�#=JT[W�A^W�� FCTh%('NW�KB=@?['Cs�Ã=@?EKO'YH@HJèdV('Z·�Q('YV�s�¯°DC�Ba ³ i�K�'NWh'�Q(FCTBK�'YH@HÀèdV('Z·ºQ('YV�Th%('YQ¾Th%('NWh'!KOFIS#H@V¥%PAL�C'�T[Fr�±'P(�ACQPV (�f(�6`T P�±?�SPX�%¾Th%PA^T ³ ` ³ µ � Ð Ã µ0Ä ` ³ ��� Ð Ã � Ä ACQPVrø µ � Ð Ã µ0Ä 6`ùø ��� Ð Ã � Ä sEÛEF¤KO'N�C'NWL��Th%P=@?´=@zjR#H@=@'Y?a�� µ � Ð Ã µ0Ä eh� ��� Ð Ã � Ä i ¬�tg*�±XZFIQ�T[W�ACV#=@XZTh=JFIQ�sB$B%pSP?^�Ã=@?EKO'YH@H V('Z·�Q('YV2s&åEH@?hF}�Ba ³ õ öy÷ û�ü¸öÓýµ � Ð Ã µ0Ä i�` �7DGFCW

ACH@Hf(OACQPV]%('YQPXZ'��Ea)ßfif` �^s¯°T&=@?�'YAC?[�vT[FyXZFIQP?hT[W�SPXZT´_�DGWhFIz©ßo=@QvR±FIHJ��Q(FIz*=xACH�Th=xzj'Csf$&%nSP?BÙ�å�$7aW9pi@ªm��H@=@unS('9sɦACzj'CM a�Ñ�eY�9i�è�¯ÂQ�T['N\C'NW¦��W�FC\CW�ACz*z*=@QP\�a.¯��Bihs¯ÂQ(R#S(TNM ¯ÂQ�T['N\C'NW´z*A^T[W�=À¿�¨ ACQPV�=xQ�T['N\C'NWE�C'YXZT[FCW^�#s\ S('Y?hTh=JFIQ�M�¯Â?�Th%('NWh'7A�a�Ñ�eY�9i�è��C'YXZT[FCW Ë ?�SPX�%]Th%#A^T¨§� Ë ª � Ú�,ä�3n8#693n<áÓXx¥a�Ñ�eY�9iÏ­y��ø%ä�ã�û�ã�úÂ��ú�ñ�û@ú�æ�î3îBìïøCûBìïüe4^�@­ ð�ñ�î5òfóDã�ä�ã3��S� �ý��� M�¯°��� �� =x?�FC�p��=JFISP?Y²p\IS('Y?�?f�C'YXZT[FCW Ë Q(FIQPVP'NT['NW�z*=@QP=x?[Th=@XNACH@HJ�!ACQPVyX�%('YXh�.¨¡� Ë ª �Psµt'!?�%(FLK�Ù�å�${ªm¯°�Bs Ú 'NT;ßl`¯� ì p)�����3pR� ¢ �±'AyD0FCW�z!SPHxAj=@Q¾�¶É u ACQPV¾HJ'NT ³�ì e#!#!#!Ye ³ ¡�±'Th%(',�^A^W�=@A^�#HJ'Y?EF�XNXNS(WhW�=@QP\y=@Q£ß�s^¯¦'Z·�Q('B¨ ACQPVr�]AC?´DGFIH@HJF¤KB?NM;¨�` a�¨¶µ � i ì;Ö µ Ö ¢ � ì;ÖD�ÆÖ ¡ACQPV���` aR��µ[i ì;Ö µ Ö ¢ KB%('NWh'

¨@à � ` ä � =JD ³D� F�XNXNS(W�?B=@Qn��µ[²4� =JD ̳D� F�XNXNS(W�?B=@Qn��µ[²Ñ FCTh%('NWhKB=@?h'C�

ACQPV ��µ ` �S4oÐ FCD;�9A^W�=xA^�#HJ'Y? ³o� KB=JTh% ̳o� FnXNXNS(W�?&=@Qn��µhs),+Gá#-.< �Bßwìïü=ü�æCä)ìïü6iHæså@óDã;ì+l§ä)í%ã�ú�ãìïü=æva�Ñ�eY�9iÏ­���ã�ð�ä�ñÿú Ë ü�÷CðÍí ä)íyæC䶨T� Ë ª �Á��S� �ý��� M*»;ïo¼�M Ú 'NTÂ�Ã�±',ACQ5AC?h?�=J\IQPzj'YQpTEKE=JTh%r�Ea)ßfi�`§�^s�¯´'Z·ºQ(' Ëa� `M�Ea ³o� i�DGFCW�ACH@H� (s$&%('YQ

a�¨T� Ë i�µ ` ¡X� Æ ì ¨¶µ � � Ë;� ` XÀÆÿ�Á�� ö �Ea ³o� iq4 X�ÀÆÿ�Á�� ö �Ba ³o� i

ª ��4 X�ÀÆÿ�Á�� ö �´`T��µ[e?h=@Q#XZ'´Th%P'NWh'=@?�'Y=JTh%P'NW ³o� ���ÿµ�KB=JTh%h�Ea ³o� i ` ��FCW ̳D� ����µ�KE=JTh%h�Ba ³D� i `|Ñ�sí�î�ï.ð0ñçò�ó^ô ìÂõZö�ì°÷Zö õhõ ø ñçù�îhô ìhì ô ì�ú û © {°û

Page 24: Max Planck Societymehlhorn/ftp/EATCSmonograph/chapter6.pdfü ý êéþºÿdÍ ü þ È@ÍnÿdÍ ±Í $&%(']'z¿ 'yxns(th=jfiq fcd¦atx %(fi=@xz'¥=xqp?[t[w spxzth=@fiqot[w acqp?[dg'nw

« | ü ý ê�þºÿdÍ������ë��� ü ��� þ�È@ÍNÿdÍ��±Í����»;îo¼�M Ú 'NT Ë �º'~Awa�Ñ�eY�9i�è��C'YXZT[FCWrKB=JTh%´¨M� Ë ª �Psr¯´'Z·ºQ('rTh%P'yT[W�S(Th%lAC?h?h=@\IQPzj'YQpTÉ� �n��Ba ³D� i;` Ë;� s�µt',XNH@AC=@zé�Ea)ßfif`Á�^s�åE?h?�SPzj'�FCTh%('NWhKE=@?['CsO$B%('YQ]Th%('NWh'!z!SP?hT��º'!ACQR(�?hS#X�%Th%PA^TC�Ea)��µÂi;`|Ñ�²p=@Q�R#A^W�Th=@XNSPH@A^W'�Ba ³D� i ` Ë;� `|Ñ�=JD ³D� �R�ÿµ2ACQPV��Ea ³o� i ` Ë;� ` ��=JD ̳D� �Q��µ[sÛ´'YQPXZ' ��µ ¥ a�¨T� Ë i�µ ` X

ÀÆÿ�Á�� ö Ë;� 4 X�ÀÆÿ�Á�� ö Ëa� ` 4 X�ÀÆÿ�Á�� ö �\¸d��µ[eXZFIQpT[W�ACVP=@XZTh=JFIQ2sf$&%pS#?��Ba)ß�i�` �^s

$&%('vFC�#?h'NWh�9A^Th=@FIQoTh%PA^T:¨ ACQPV���XNACQ}�±'vXZFIz*R#S(T['YV�=@QlR±FIHJ��Q(FIz*=@ACHOTh=@zj'~·�Q#=@?h%('Y?,Th%('RPWhFnFCD�Th%#A^T´Ù�å�$ߪ�¯°�Bs

ɦACzj'CM z�'NWhT['Z¿¾��F¤�C'NW,a0zE�Eihs¯ÂQ(R#S(TNM ŦQPVP=JWh'YXZT['YVv\CW�A^R#%¾_ `�adcfehgji�ACQPV�=@QpT['N\C'NW¦q�s\ S('Y?hTh=JFIQ�M�¯Â?¦Th%('NWh'~c����c*����c���±`§qU?hSPX�%tTh%PA^T7DGFCW7'N�C'NWh�5'YV(\C'¥a��#ehÏ�i7�}g�A^THJ'YAC?[T

FIQ('�DGFy�yACQ#V�Ï �±'YHJFIQP\I?�T[F~c � Ú

�,ä�3n8#693n<��fx��%ã�úÿä�ã�ô�óhñ���ã�úìïüe4^�@­ ð�ñ�îPòfó?ã�ä�ã3��S� �ý��� M�zE� � �;� =@?~FC�n�n=@FISP?Ns�µt'�?h%PFLK ��H@=xupS('�ªÕzE�´s Ú 'NT¾_ ` adc�ehg*i*�º'5ACQSPQPV#=JWh'YXZT['YV7\CW�A^R#%ACQPV,HJ'NT�q��±'OACQ,=@QpT['N\C'NWYs Ú 'NT��_ ` adcfe�c �BcR47gji±�±'fTh%('�XZFIzjR#HJ'Yz*'YQ�TFCDE_�ACQPVlHJ'NT �qw` ��c~��4mq�s¾$B%('YQlc�O=x?!A¾XNH@=@unS('r=@Qo_ = *mcd4mc��=@?A¾�C'NWhT['Z¿wXZF¤�C'NWFCD��_�s�$&%nSP?�_Á%PAC?�A�XNH@=@unS('EFCD ?h=J¸N'7q~=+*�_�%PAC?�A,�C'NWhT['Z¿]XZFL�C'NWEFCD ?h=@¸N' �q�sf$B%('�z*A^RPR#=@QP\_°� �_ =@?&XNHJ'YA^W�HJ�~XZFIz*R#S(ThA^�#HJ'�=@QvR±FIHJ��Q(FIz*=xACH�Th=xzj'Cs

ɦACzj'CM ¯�=JWh'YXZT['YV]Û¦ACz*=@H@T[FIQP=@ACQ¥����XNHJ'*aY¯¦Û��¦ihs¯ÂQ(R#S(TNM ¯�=JWh'YXZT['YV]\CW�A^R#%¾_ `Áadc�ehg*ihs\ S('Y?hTh=JFIQ�M�¯Â?OTh%P'NWh'7A�?h=@zjR#H@'EXZ��XNHJ'7=@Q�_ KB%P=@X�%~\CFp'Y?�Th%PWhFIS(\I%]ACH@Hº�C'NWhTh=@XZ'Y?Y�P=�s�'CsJ�P=@?�Th%('NWh'

Ay?h'YupS('YQ#XZ'!� ÷ e#!#!#!Leh� ¡ � ì KB=JTh%¾� µ 6` � � D0FCW(6`_ ~ACQPVla�� µ eh� à µ � ì Ä ù�ò� ¡ i��tgDGFCWBÑ ¥ (h¸{k;�Pk¥`���cr� Ú

�,ä�3n8#693n<¤�qxz.\ì ú�ã�ð�ä�ã�ù �\æ�îBìïóWä�ñ�ø&ìDæ�ø�ó2õ%ð�ó?ãìïü14[�1­ ð�ñ�îPòfóDã�ä�ã3��S� �ý��� M&$&%PWhFIS(\I%(FIS(T´Th%P=@?¦R#WhFpFCD�KO'jKB=xH@H�KBW�=JT['�SPQPVP=JW�'YXZT['YV¾'YVP\C'Y?�AC?7?['NTh?�FCDOTh%('Y=JW¦'YQPV�èR±FI=@QpTh?f=@Q�FCW�V('NWOT[FVP=@?hTh=@Q(\ISP=@?�%!Th%P'Yz�DGWhFIz�VP=JW�'YXZT['YVj'YV(\C'Y?Ns'¯¦Û7�Ã� �� =@?�FC�n��=JFISP?Ns;µt'?h%(F¤K°zE�ߪ_¯¦Û7�´s Ú 'NT´_�`Áadcfehgji��º'7ACQ¾SPQPVP=@Wh'YXZT['YV]\CW�A^R#%¥ACQPV¥HJ'NT¦q~�±'7ACQ¥=@QpT['N\C'NWYsu FCW7'N�C'NW��UQ(F�V('j��µ�HJ'NT��ýµ ì e��ýµ © e#!#!#!¤e��ýµ Ð ö �º'�Th%('�'YV(\C'Y?=@QPXN=@V('YQpT¦T[F���µÂs!µt'yXZFIQ#?[T[W�SPXZT7AVP=JW�'YXZT['YV]\CW�A^R#%¥_7��` adc��ehg�.iO�p�

c � `�Î�  ì e#!#!#!¤e�  ¢ Ò@ìUÎ�a)([e� Ce�ß�ih²j�\¥ ( ¥�k;eY��¥� B¥T´sµ[e�ßl�tÎLÑ�eY�9ÒCÒí�î�ï.ð0ñçò�ó^ô ìÂõZö�ì°÷Zö õhõ ø ñçù�îhô ìhì ô ì�ú û © úÂû

Page 25: Max Planck Societymehlhorn/ftp/EATCSmonograph/chapter6.pdfü ý êéþºÿdÍ ü þ È@ÍnÿdÍ ±Í $&%(']'z¿ 'yxns(th=jfiq fcd¦atx %(fi=@xz'¥=xqp?[t[w spxzth=@fiqot[w acqp?[dg'nw

���yú@�=F � �[Í\�� ÂÇ ��� þ�È@ÍNÿdÍ\��� � ëNÈ@Í � � « NACQPV g � ` Î�a) ÃIeYa)([eY�^ehÑni[ih²j�\¥d°5¥mq�eY��¥ (h¥�k Ò3ì

Î�a[a)([e� CehÑniheYa)(he� CeY�9ihih²~��¥ (h¥�k;eY��¥� B¥§´&µÂÒ3ìÎ�a[a)([e� CeY�9iheYa)(he� ,­Ã�^ehÑni[ih²,�\¥ ( ¥{k;eY�\¥� 3¸§´sµÂÒ3ìÎ�a[a)([e%´sµ�eY�9ihe� ÃIih²�\¥ (h¥�k;eY�\¥d°'¥mq#Ò3ìÎ�a[a)([e� CehÑniheYa)( � e� � ehÑni[ih²��ýµ � ` ÎL��µ[eh��µ��dÒ!ACQPV��ýµ�� � ��` ÎL��µ���eh��µÂÒ Ë ��ÖÎ�a[a)( � e� � eY�9iheYa)([e� IeY�9i[ih²�� µ � ` ÎL� µ eh� µ � Ò!ACQPV�� µ � � � ` ÎL� µ � eh� µ Ò Ë °

a[�C�NÑni a[�C�C�9i

a « �NÑni a « �C�9i a «C« Ñni a «C« �9i

aW9��NÑni aW9��C�9i aW9 « Ñni aW9 « �9i

a | �NÑni a | �C�9ivB-Gâ�1 6¤3)�fx Üf¿(ACzjR#H@'�D0FCW&R#WhFpFCD FCD�$&%('NFCWh'Yz |

u =J\ISPWh'h9�=@H@H@S#?[T[W�A^T['Y?ºTh%('�XZFIQP?hT[W�SPXZTh=JFIQ�DGFCW���` ÎL� ì eh� © eh� { eh� ú ÒI�^g ` ÎCÎL� ì eh� © ÒL� © eh� © ÒL� { eh� ú ÒACQPVjqj` « s;µt'�%PAY�C'�� © ì ` ÎL� © eh� ì ÒI��� ©�© ` ÎL� © eh� { ÒI��� {éì ` ÎL� { eh� © Ò�ACQPV�� { © ` ÎL� { eh� ú ÒIsÉ´FnV('Y?½  ì ACQPVP  © A^W�'�Q(FCT VPW�AYKBQ2s2z�'NWhT['Z¿XZF¤�C'NWOÎL� ì eh� { Ò�FCD�_�XZFCW�Wh'Y?[R±FIQPVP?±T[FETh%('�Û¦ACz*=@HÀèT[FIQP=@ACQ7R#A^Th%5  ì �(a[�C�NÑnih�Pa « �NÑnih�Pa « �C�9ih�#a[�C�C�9ih�@  © �naW9��NÑnih�Pa «C« Ñnih��a «C« �9ih�PaW9��C�9ih�PaW9 « Ñnih�#a | �NÑnih�a | �C�9ih� aW9 « �9ih�X  ì =@Q¥_��.s),+Gá#-.< �r_ íyæ�ü;æ���ã�úÿä�ã�ô,ð�ñ���ã�ú çcÁ�mc ñ32¬ü�ì+�ÿã7q.ì/lt_7�fíyæ�ü=æ��\æ�îBìïóWä�ñ�øyìþæ�ø£ð�õ%ð�ó?ã3��S� �ý��� M*»;ïo¼�M Ú 'NT çc ` ÎL��µ Ë eh��µ Ì e#!#!#!¤eh��µ��CÒt�±'5Aw�C'NW�T['Z¿ÃXZF¤�C'NW¥FCD,_�FCD!?h=J¸N'�q�s�µt'XZFIQP?[T[W�SPXZT7A]Û¦ACz*=@HJT[FIQP=xACQUXZ��XNHJ'y=xQ�_���=@QPV#SPXZTh=J�C'YHJ�Cs,µt'y?[ThA^WhT!=@Q5�C'NWhT['Z¿   ì ACQPV5\CF�T[Fa)( ì eY�^ehÑni�·#W�?hTNsOÙ�S(RPR±FI?['¦Q(FLK�PTh%PA^T&K�'7Wh'YACX�%('YV��C'NWhT['Z¿�a)( ì e� CehÑnihsü ê��YÍR> M�� µ Ë � ` a�� µ Ë eh� µ ��i�ACQ#V�� µ � ¬� çcjs$&%('YQvK�'7RPW�FnXZ'N'YV�a)( ì e� CehÑnih� a)( � e� � ehÑni"� a)( � e� � eY�9i � a)( ì e� CeY�9ihs�ÛE'NW�'��ýµ�� � ��`���µ Ë � sü ê��YÍ�" M��ýµ Ë � ` a���µ[eh��µ��diOACQ#V���µ�� � çcjs$&%('YQvK�'7RPW�FnXZ'N'YV�V#=JWh'YXZThHJ�rT[F¥a)( ì e� IeY�9ihsµt'%PAL�C'7Wh'YACX�%('YV��C'NWhT['Z¿�a)( ì e� CeY�9iO�n�vQ(FLK7s�¯°D? E­m��¥§´&µ Ë Th%('YQ]K�'�RPWhF�XZ'N'YV]T[F¥a)( ì e� E­�^ehÑnih��FCTh%('NWhKE=@?['K�',RPWhF�XZ'N'YV¥T[FZ  © s u W�FIz«  © KO',\CFrT[Fta)( © eY�^ehÑnih�h!#!#!±sE¯ÂQ¥Th%#=@?&K�AY�¾KO'XZFIQP?[T[W�SPXZTBA�Û¦ACz*=@HJT[FIQP=xACQ]XZ�nXNHJ'!=@Q¥_ � sí�î�ï.ð0ñçò�ó^ô ìÂõZö�ì°÷Zö õhõ ø ñçù�îhô ìhì ô ì�ú û © Ò û

Page 26: Max Planck Societymehlhorn/ftp/EATCSmonograph/chapter6.pdfü ý êéþºÿdÍ ü þ È@ÍnÿdÍ ±Í $&%(']'z¿ 'yxns(th=jfiq fcd¦atx %(fi=@xz'¥=xqp?[t[w spxzth=@fiqot[w acqp?[dg'nw

« � ü ý ê�þºÿdÍ������ë��� ü ��� þ�È@ÍNÿdÍ��±Í����»;îo¼�M´Ù(S(RPR±FI?['7Th%PA^T_7��%PAC?¦ArÛ´ACz*=xHJT[FIQP=@ACQ¾XZ�nXNHJ'B¨�s´µt'jQ(FCT['�?[FIzj',RPWhFCR±'NWhTh=J'Y?EFCD¶¨·#W�?hTNs

a)([e� CehÑni a)([e� IeY�9ia)(���e� I��ehÑni a)(���e� I�deY�9i

vB-Gâ�1 6¤3u�qx u S#QPVPACzj'YQpThACH2?hunSPA^Wh'�FCD�_ ���FIQP?h=@V('NWEFIQ(',FCDfTh%('�?hupS#A^Wh'Y?EAC?¦V('NR�=@XZT['YV5=@Q u =J\IS(W�' | ACQPV5AC?h?hS#zj'!Th%#A^T\¨ 'YQpT['NW�?

Th%('t?hunSPA^Wh'UTh%(WhFIS(\I%mTh%('�H@'ND0TvS(RPR±'NWvXZFCW�Q('NWY�´=�s�'CsJ�ETh%PWhFIS(\I%m�C'NWhT['Z¿Áa)([e� CehÑnihsÆ$&%('YQÃ=JTHJ'YAL�C'Y?ETh%P',?hunSPA^Wh'Th%(WhFIS(\I%¾FIQ('FCD�Th%('W�=@\I%�T´XZFCW�Q('NW�?NsB¯�D�¨ HJ'YAY�C'Y?´Th%('�?hunSPA^Wh'!Th%(WhFIS(\I%Th%('7W�=J\I%�TEHJFLK�'NWEXZFCW�QP'NWY�P�C'NWhT['Z¿wa)( � e� � eY�9ih�ºTh%('YQ¥'Y=JTh%('NWa)([e� IeY�9i�FCW!a)( � e� � ehÑni�=@?&Q(FCT&FIQ7¨��A~XZFIQ�T[W�ACV#=@XZTh=JFIQ�s¦Û´'YQPXZ'3¨ HJ'YAY�C'Y?¦Th%('j?hunSPA^Wh',Th%(WhFISP\I%¥�C'NWhT['Z¿oa)([e� CeY�9ihs,$&%nSP?BTh%P',DGFIS(WXZFCW�Q('NW�?�FCD Th%P'?hunSPA^Wh'7A^Wh'7T[W�AY�C'NW�?['YV¾=@QvFIQ('7FCD;Th%('�T�KOFrD0FIHxHJFLKB=xQ(\�K�AL�n?Ns

vB-Gâ�1 6¤3��Xx $&%P' « RºFI?�?h=J�#=@Hx=JTh=J'Y?fT[FyT[W�AY�C'NW�?h'!A*?hunSPA^Wh'¨�\CFn'Y?ETh%PWhFIS(\I%¾�C'NWhTh=@XZ'Y?�  ì e#!#!#!Ye�  ¢ s´$&%('7'YVP\C'Y?E'YzyACQPA^Th=@Q(\~D0W�FIzK ÃC� �5¥{°B¥ q��

'YQPV~=@Qr�C'NWhTh=@XZ'Y?¦a)([eY�^ehÑnih� ��¥Ô(h¥�k;s Ú 'NT�a)(�ÃIeY�^ehÑnif�º'ETh%('¦Q(FnVP'EDGFIH@HJF¤KB=@Q(\P Ã´=@QrXZ��XNHJ'�¨�sµt'?h%PFLK Th%#A^T��c `�ÎL��µ! ^²�\¥d°'¥mq#Ò=x?&Aj�C'NWhT['Z¿�XZFL�C'NW´FCD�_�s

¨Æ\CFp'Y?D0W�FIzÙ Ã*T[F�a)(�ÃCeY�^ehÑnihsv$&%('*A^Wh\IS#zj'YQ�T!A^�ºF¤�C'r?h%PFLKB?�Th%#A^T7Th%('y?hSP�#?['YunS('YQ�T�C'NWhTh=@XZ'Y?´FIQ ¨ A^Wh','Y?h?['YQpTh=@ACH@HJ�]Th%P',�C'NW�Th=@XZ'Y?�a)(�ÃCe� CehÑnih�Oa)(�ÃCe� CeY�9ih�O��¥d n¥�´&µ s¦Û´FLK�'N�C'NWY��±'NTdK�'N'YQba)( à e� CehÑni~ACQ#VÁa)( à e� CeY�9ivTh%('NWh'�=x?vRºFI?�?h=J�#HJ�{A}V('NT[FIS(W�T[F�QPFnV('Y?�a)(���e� I��ehÑni~ACQPVa)( � e� � eY�9iODGFCWB?[FIz*'P( � e� � s

¯°T7=@?¦Q(F¤K�'YAC?[�5T[F�?h%(F¤K�Th%PA^T çc�=@?�Av�C'NWhT['Z¿�XZFL�C'NWYs Ú 'NT"�~�}g �±'jA^Wh�#=JT[W�A^Wh�C�2?hAY��!`Æa���µÂeh��µ���ihs��FIQ#?h=@V('NW´Th%('�?hupS#A^Wh',XZFCW�Wh'Y?[R±FIQPVP=@QP\*T[F#�Cs¦¯�T�=@?ET[W�AL�C'NW�?['YVt=@Q¾FIQ('�FCDfTh%('TdK�F�R±FI?h?h=J�#H@'&K�AL�n?BV('Y?hXZW�=J�±'YVrA^�ºF¤�C'Csf¯ÂQrTh%P'B·#W�?[T�XNAC?h'´�C'NW�T['Z¿v��µ;=@?�=@Q$�c*�(=@QrTh%('�?['YXZFIQPVXNAC?['��µfACQ#V���µ � A^Wh'=@Q �c*sL´D&XZFIS(W�?['C��=JT�=@?!'YAC?[��T[F5XZFIQP?[T[W�S#XZT,DGWhFIz A¾\I=J�C'YQoSPQPVP=JW�'YXZT['YV�\CW�A^R�%}_ ` adcfehgji7Th%('VP=JW�'YXZT['YV]\CW�A^R#%¥_ � ` adc � ehg � i�=@QvR±FIHJ�nQPFIz*=@ACH�Th=@zj'C�#ACQPV]%P'YQPXZ'�zE�§ª¨¯¦Û7�¦sɦACzj'CM ŦQPVP=JWh'YXZT['YVvÛ¦ACz*=@H@T[FIQP=@ACQ¥����XNHJ'*a.Å´Û��Eihs¯ÂQ(R#S(TNM ŦQPVP=JWh'YXZT['YVv\CW�A^R#%¾_ `�adcfehgjihs\ S('Y?hTh=JFIQ�M�¯Â?fTh%('NWh'EA?h=@z*R#HJ'&XZ��XNHJ'B\CFI=@QP\Th%(WhFISP\I%j'N�C'NWh�yQ(F�V('C�n=�s�'CsJ�p=@?�Th%('NWh'´A?['YunS('YQPXZ'

� ÷ e#!#!#!Leh� ¡ � ì ?hS#X�%oTh%PA^Tj� µ 6`�� � D0FCW�(Z6`å tACQPVma�� µ eh� à µ � ì Ä ù�ò% ¡ i���g DGFCWÑ ¥ (�¸�k;�Pk¥`���c~� Ú

í�î�ï.ð0ñçò�ó^ô ìÂõZö�ì°÷Zö õhõ ø ñçù�îhô ìhì ô ì�ú û © Î û

Page 27: Max Planck Societymehlhorn/ftp/EATCSmonograph/chapter6.pdfü ý êéþºÿdÍ ü þ È@ÍnÿdÍ ±Í $&%(']'z¿ 'yxns(th=jfiq fcd¦atx %(fi=@xz'¥=xqp?[t[w spxzth=@fiqot[w acqp?[dg'nw

���yú@�=F � �[Í\�� ÂÇ ��� þ�È@ÍNÿdÍ\��� � ëNÈ@Í � � « Ý�,ä�3n8#693n<&�Xx(')�zóbìïü14^�@­ ð�ñ�îPòqóDã�ä�ã3��S� �ý��� M�µt']?h%(F¤K寴Û7�éª Å´Û��¦s Ú 'NTj_�` adc�ehg*i¦�±'~A¾VP=@Wh'YXZT['YV�\CW�A^R#%�sU��FIQ#?[T[W�SPXZTSPQPV#=JWh'YXZT['YVv\CW�A^R#%¥_7��DGWhFIz�_��n�vWh'NR#H@ACXN=@QP\,'N�C'NW��~�C'NW�T['Z¿]�~AC?B?�%(FLKBQ]=xQ u =@\IS(Wh'P�ns

� `:ï � ì � © � {

vB-Gâ�1 6¤3�*fx $ W�ACQP?[DGFCW�z*A^Th=@FIQvFCDw¯¦Û7�Ã=@QpT[F*Å´Û��$B%('NWh'E=x?�A!FIQ('Zè�T[F^è�FIQ('!XZFCWhWh'Y?[R±FIQPV('YQ#XZ'B�±'NTdK�'N'YQvÛ´ACzy=@HJT[FIQP=@ACQ~XZ��XNHJ'Y?�FCD;_ ACQPV�_��

�±'YXNACSP?['B=xQr_��PAXZ�nXNHJ'´z!S#?[Tf'YQpT['NWOTh%(W�FIS(\I%*� ì a.FCW�� { i Th%('YQy\CFT[F!� © ACQ#V*Th%('YQrXZFIQ�Th=@QnS('T[Fy� { a.FCW´� ì ihsfTh%P=@?�T[W�ACQ#?[D0FCW�z*A^Th=JFIQ�=@?�XZFIz*R#S(ThA^�#HJ'7=xQvRºFIH@�nQ(FIzy=@ACHºTh=@zj'CsɦACzj'CM Ùn��z*zj'NT[W�=xX $ W�AL�C'YH@=@Q(\EÙ�ACH@'Y?hz*ACQ¦��W�FC�#HJ'YzÃKB=JTh%�$ W�=@ACQP\IHJ'�¯°QP'YupSPACHx=JTd�,a,+v$EÙn��i¯ÂQ(R#S(TNM å}z*A^T[W�=J¿ G^Éþ�Zÿ My� ÑS!#!#!�kS4y��$ © � É�ACQPV,=@Q�T['N\C'NW'Z¾s ½UA^T[W�=À¿ GCÉþ�Zÿ =@? ?[��z*zj'NT[W�=@XACQPVv?hA^Th=@?[·#'Y?�Th%('¦T[W�=@ACQ(\IHJ'¦=@Q('YunSPACH@=@Td�C��=�s�'CsJ� G^Éþ�Zÿ a)([e� �i�­ G^Éþ�Zÿ a/ Ce�q#i ª G^Éþ�Zÿ a)([e�q#iDGFCWBACH@Hf([� rACQPV¾q�s\ S('Y?hTh=JFIQ�M�¯Â?&Th%('NWh'�ArT[FIS(WEFCDfH@'YQ(\CTh%¾A^T¦zjFI?[T�Z¾��=�s�'CsJ��A*R±'NW�z,S(ThA^Th=JFIQrWÁFCD;� ÑS!#!�kR4{��$

?hSPX�%]Th%PA^T ¡ � ìXµ Æ ÷ G^ÉD�éÿ

aYW,a)([ihe6W,a[a)(�­Ã�9i zjFnVjk i[i/¥dZ Ú�,ä�3n8#693n<-*fx.+��C0� ìïü �;� ­ ð�ñ�îPòqóDã�ä�ã3��S� �ý��� M�µt'U?h%(FLK�ÅEÛ7�þª/+v$EÙn�&s Ú 'NTv_ ` adcfehgji,�±'�ACQ�SPQPV#=JWh'YXZT['YV}\CW�A^R�%}KB=JTh%c�`d� ÑS!#!�kZ4���$�s�µt'V('Z·�Q('

GCÉþ�Zÿ a)(he� �i�`10 � =JD�a)([e� �i��¥g*²« FCTh%('NW�KB=@?['

ACQPV¡Z ` k;sr$B%('YQw_Æ%#AC?A�Û¦ACz*=@H@T[FIQP=@ACQtXZ��XNHJ'y=+* G^ÉD�éÿ %PAC?A�T[FIS(W!KB%P=@X�%tSP?['Y?7FIQ#HJ�'YV(\C'Y?�FCD�HJ'YQP\CTh%t��=+* GCÉþ�Zÿ %#AC?&A�T[FIS(W&FCD;HJ'YQ(\CTh%�k;sfå´H@?[F*zyA^T[W�=À¿ GCÉþ�Zÿ XNACQ¥�±'¦XZFIz*R#S(T['YV=@QvR±FIHJ��Q(FIz*=@ACHºTh=@z*'CsɦACzj'CM 9¤èdVP=@z*'YQP?h=JFIQPACH±½UA^ThX�%P=xQ(\¥aW93¯�½wihs¯ÂQ(R#S(TNM Ùn'NTh?eë¾eaí�e�� FCD 'YunSPACH2XNA^W�VP=xQPACH@=JT��rACQPV�A*Wh'YH@A^Th=JFIQ32Á�¨ë×�Oí �Q�s\ S('Y?hTh=JFIQ�M�¯Â?Th%('NW�'42 � �52��B�62 � � `�� ëo�Ê��KB%#=@X�%lXZFL�C'NW�?jACHxH�'YHJ'Yz*'YQ�Th?,FCDeë ì)íMì,��

=�s�'CsJ�87ºÏ ��ë ìOí®ì£�²m����92��;?hSPX�%UTh%PA^T7�5` a�Ï7eje,i&FCW���`Æa´ehÏ7e�i�FCW�~`Áa�e7ehÏ�i Ú

L¦Q('rXNACQ�Th%P=xQ(�¾FCDeë AC?!�±FL��?N�wí AC?\I=JW�H@?Y�"� AC?,%(FISP?['Y?,ACQPV:2�AC?!Th%('rXZFIzjR�A^Th=J�#=@H@=@Td�Wh'YH@A^Th=@FIQy�±'NTdK�'N'YQ~�±FL��?N�p\I=@W�H@?�ACQ#Vr%(FIS#?['Y?Ns�$&%('¦upSP'Y?[Th=JFIQy=x?�T[F,·�QPVrA!XZFIz*R#HJ'NT['�a.FCW�R±'NW[èDG'YXZTZi�zyA^ThX�%P=@QP\(s7$&%('!XZFCW�Wh'Y?[R±FIQPVP=@QP\ « èdVP=@z*'YQP?h=JFIQPACH�RPWhFC�#H@'Yz�=@?´'YunSP=J�^ACHJ'YQ�TET[F~·�QPVP=@QP\XZFIzjR#H@'NT['*z*A^ThX�%P=xQ(\I?=@Q5��=JR#A^WhTh=JT[',\CW�A^R#%#?Nsj¯�T7XNACQ��±'�?hFIHJ�C'YV�=@Q5R±FIHJ��Q(FIz*=xACH�Th=@z*'C��?['N'��%PA^R#T['NW | sí�î�ï.ð0ñçò�ó^ô ìÂõZö�ì°÷Zö õhõ ø ñçù�îhô ìhì ô ì�ú û © Ï û

Page 28: Max Planck Societymehlhorn/ftp/EATCSmonograph/chapter6.pdfü ý êéþºÿdÍ ü þ È@ÍnÿdÍ ±Í $&%(']'z¿ 'yxns(th=jfiq fcd¦atx %(fi=@xz'¥=xqp?[t[w spxzth=@fiqot[w acqp?[dg'nw

« � ü ý ê�þºÿdÍ������ë��� ü ��� þ�È@ÍNÿdÍ��±Í�����,ä�3n8#693n<<;Hx4=Æ.\é¤ìïü �� ­ ð�ñ�îPòqóDã�ä�ã3��S� �ý��� M=93¯�½>=@?´FC�p��=JFISP?hH@��=@Q �;� s7µt'*?�%(FLKbÙ�å�$7aW9pi^ª¢93¯�½ T[FvRPW�FL�C'*XZFIzjR#H@'NT['YQ('Y?h?FCDP93¯�½os Ú 'NT.ß `¦¨ ÷ p´¨ ì p¨����� p´¨ ¢ � ì �±'¾ACQm=@QP?[ThACQ#XZ'¥FCD,Ù�å�$aW9pi�=@Q��9A^W�=@A^�#HJ'Y?³�ì e#!#!#!Ye ³ ¡ s´µt'�KB=@H@H XZFIQP?[T[W�SPXZT¦ACQ5=@QP?[ThACQ#XZ'É`vFCD¶93¯�½Ä?hSPX�%¾Th%PA^T\ß�=@?´?hA^Th=@?[·�A^�#HJ',=+*�`%PAC?&Ar?[FIH@S(Th=@FIQ�sf$&%('?h'NT>2ÁFCD;T[W�=@R#HJ'Y?�=@?&H@FC\I=@XNACH@HJ�vVP=J��=@V('YVv=@QpT[F*Th%(Wh'N'\CWhFIS(R#?�KE%P=@X�%�KO'KB=@HxHºQPFLK ?hRº'YXN=@D0�Cs�$B%('7Th=@HJ'Y?B=@QvTh%('�·#W�?[T&\CWhFIS(R¾A^Wh'SP?['YV�T[Fr?['YHJ'YXZT´AjT[W�S(Th%¥AC?h?h=J\IQPz*'YQ�TN�Th%('!Th=@HJ'Y?B=xQ�Th%(',?['YXZFIQPV¾\CWhFIS(R5A^Wh'!SP?h'YV¥T[FvX�%('YX���DGFCW´?hA^Th=x?[DGACXZTh=@FIQ¾ACQPV¾Th%('!Th=@HJ'Y?B=xQ�Th%('Th%P=JW�Vr\CW�FIS(R�R±'NWhDGFCW�z§\IA^Wh�#A^\C',XZFIH@HJ'YXZTh=JFIQ�sg´WhFISPR��^M�Ùn'YHJ'YXZTh=xQ(\jAjT[W�S(Th%�AC?�?h=J\IQPzj'YQpTNsu FCWE'N�C'NWh�v�9A^W�=xA^�#HJ' ³ µÂ����¥ ( ¥�k;�(K�'%PAL�C' « q~T[W�=@R#HJ'Y?

Î�a) �µ � e ³ µ � e } µ � iheYa)  µ � à ��� ì Ä ù�ò% ¢ e ̳ µ � e } µ � ih²BÑ ¥� 3¸mq#Ò@!$&%('NW�'KB=@HxH±�º',Q(FyFCTh%P'NW´T[W�=JR#HJ'Y?EXZFIQ�ThAC=@Q#=@Q(\yR±FI=@QpTh?= �µ � ACQPV } µ � � �'¥m(S¥|k;�ºÑ.¥¨ Z¸ q�s$&%('�T[W�=JR#HJ'Y?�=@Qv\CWhFISPR��7XNACQ]�±'���=@?hSPACH@=@¸N'YV~AC?E=@Q u =J\IS(Wh' Ý s

  µ ©

} µ ©

³ µ © ³ µ ì

 �µ ì

} µ ì

} µ ÷

³ µ ÷

 �µ ÷̳ µ © ̳ µ ÷

̳ µ ì

vB-Gâº1�693(;%x $ W�=JR�HJ'Y?�FCW&\CWhFIS(Rw��D0FCW ³ µÂ�PKB%P'NWh'q*`¯9$B%('NWh'yA^Wh'r'Z¿�ACXZThH@�tTdK�F¾K�AY��?FCD&XZF¤�C'NW�=@Q(\¾R±FI=@Q�Th?5 �µ � � } µ � ��Ñ,¥� ¸ q���SP?�=@Q(\]Th%('

T[W�=JR�HJ'Y?y=@Q�\CWhFIS(R �^sdL�Q('¾HJ'YAL�C'Y?]ACH@HERºFI=xQ�Th? ³ µ � 'Z¿�R±FI?['YVmACQPV{XZF¤�C'NW�?�ACH@HBR±FI=@Q�Th? ̳ µ � �Ñ:¥� .¸ q��±=�s�'CsJ� ³ µ�=x?BAC?h?h=@\IQ('YV�T[W�SP'C��ACQPV¾Th%('FCTh%P'NWEFIQ('�HJ'YAL�C'Y?´ACHxH2R±FI=@QpTh? ̳ µ � 'Z¿�R±FI?['YVACQPVrXZFL�C'NW�?�ACH@HPRºFI=xQ�Th? ³ µ � �nÑB¥� �¸mq���=�s�'CsJ� ³ µ =@?�AC?h?�=J\IQ('YV*D.ACH@?['Cs�¯ÂQ*Th%#=@?fK�AY�C��Th%('ET[W�=JR#HJ'Y?=@Qv\CWhFISPR��´·P¿]AjT[W�S(Th%�AC?�?h=J\IQPzj'YQpTNsg´WhFISPR « M���%('YX��n=xQ(\jD0FCWE?hA^Th=@?[D.ACXZTh=JFIQ�su FCW]'N�C'NWh�mXNH@ACSP?[' ¨ � �EÑ°¥ ¢¸�q��BK�'5%#AY�C'tT[W�=JR�HJ'Y?¥a�¨ ì� eaB � e�¨ ©� ijDGFCWv'N�C'NWh�{H@=@T['NW�ACH[BA^RPR±'YA^W�=@QP\y=@Q¥XNHxACSP?[' ¨ � �±=�s�'CsJ��K�'�%PAY�C'�'Y=JTh%('NW´FIQ('C�ºTdK�FvFCWETh%(W�'N'!T[W�=@R#HJ'Y?�DGFCW´XNHxACSP?['B¨ � s$&%('NW�'BA^Wh'EQPF7FCTh%('NW�T[W�=JR#HJ'Y?�XZFIQ�ThAC=@Q#=@Q(\7R±FI=@QpTh?¶¨ ì� ACQPVZ¨ ©� s�Ù�S(RPR±FI?['&QPFLKmTh%PA^T�Th%('ETh=@HJ'Y?í�î�ï.ð0ñçò�ó^ô ìÂõZö�ì°÷Zö õhõ ø ñçù�îhô ìhì ô ì�ú û © Ð û

Page 29: Max Planck Societymehlhorn/ftp/EATCSmonograph/chapter6.pdfü ý êéþºÿdÍ ü þ È@ÍnÿdÍ ±Í $&%(']'z¿ 'yxns(th=jfiq fcd¦atx %(fi=@xz'¥=xqp?[t[w spxzth=@fiqot[w acqp?[dg'nw

���yú@�=F � �[Í\�� ÂÇ ��� þ�È@ÍNÿdÍ\��� � ëNÈ@Í � � « ,=@Qt\CW�FIS(Rm�r%PAY�C'vACHJWh'YACVP�t�º'N'YQ�R#H@ACXZ'YV�s�$B%('YQ�R±FI=@QpTh?5¨ ì� ACQPVb¨ ©� XNACQw�±'yXZFL�C'NW�'YV}=+*Th%('NWh'7=x?&?[FIzj'�(O?hSPX�%�Th%PA^T ³ µ � a.FCW ̳ µ � i�A^RPR±'YA^W�?&=@Q�¨ � ACQPV�=x?�HJ'ND0T�'Z¿�R±FI?['YV]�n�vTh%('�Th=@HJ'Y?=@Qv\CWhFISPR��^s�$&%nSP?�R±FI=@QpTh?=¨ ì� �%¨ ©� �#Ñ ¥� 3¸mq~XNACQ��±'7XZFL�C'NW�'YV¾=+*UTh%('7T[W�SPTh%]AC?h?h=J\IQPz*'YQ�T?[R±'YXN=À·#'YV~�n�vTh%('�T[W�=JR#H@'Y?�=@Qv\CWhFIS(R���?�A^Th=@?·#'Y?MßOsg´WhFISPR�9nM1g¦A^Wh��A^\C'XZFIH@HJ'YXZTh=JFIQ2så�T�Th%P=x?vRºFI=xQ�TvK�'�XZFIQP?[T[W�SPXZT¾ACQ�=@QP?[ThACQ#XZ')`�FCDB93¯¦½ DGWhFIz ߧ%PAY��=@Q(\oTh%('�D0FIH@H@FLKB=@QP\RPWhFCR±'NWhT��Cs�¯�D"ßl=@?�SPQP?hA^Th=x?·�A^�#HJ'´Th%('YQvTh%('NW�'7XNACQ��±'�Q(F*XZFIzjR#HJ'NT['7zyA^ThX�%P=@QP\*=@Qh`Ps�¯°D¬ßl=@??hA^Th=@?[·�A^�#HJ'¦Th%('YQ]Th%P'NWh'7=@?�AjK�AY�vT[Fy?['YH@'YXZT�Th%('7T[W�=JR�HJ'Y?�=@Qv\CWhFIS(R#?��ACQPV « ?[FjTh%PA^TBRºFI=xQ�Th? �µ � � } µ � �½¨ ì� ACQPV�¨ ©� A^Wh'*ACHxH XZF¤�C'NWh'YV�ACQ#V5Th%PA^T�'Z¿�ACXZThH@�Ukr�CqB4�q¥`�a�k�4|�9i���q�FCD�Th%('R±FI=@QpTh? ³ µ � � ̳ µ � A^Wh'!SPQPXZFL�C'NW�'YV�s�$&%nSP?�=@Qv\CWhFISPRQ9�K�'ACVPV]T[W�=@R#HJ'Y?

Î�a�´�ÃIe ³ µ � e s Ã9iheYa�´�ÃIe ̳ µ � e s Ã^ih²��¥d°'¥ a�kZ4��9i��9q�eY�\¥ (�¥�k;ehÑ�¥� 3¸mq#ÒKB%P=xX�%]ACH@HJF¤K SP?�T[FyXZFIz*R#HJ'NT['7Th%('!XZFL�C'NW�=@QP\(s¯°T´=@?´Q(F¤K�'YAC?h�¥T[F]?['N',Th%PA^T¦Th%(',=xQP?[ThACQPXZ'Y?�`#a)ß�i�FCD/93¯�½ÄVP'Z·�Q('YV¥A^�±F¤�C'*XNACQ¾�±'�=@QPV('N'YVXZFIQP?[T[W�SPXZT['YV¥=@Q�RºFIH@�nQ(FIzy=@ACH±Th=@zj'7\I=@�C'YQ�ß}ACQPV¥Th%PA^T=ß}=@?E?hA^Th=@?·�A^��HJ'7=+*�`#a)ß�i�ACH@H@FLKB?�DGFCWA*XZFIzjR�HJ'NT['7z*A^ThX�%#=@Q(\(s�$&%#=@?�?h%(F¤KB?EÙ�å�$7aW9pi=ªº93¯�½wsɦACzj'CM ò7QPA^R�?hACXh�ºs¯ÂQ(R#S(TNM å�?['NT=  ì e#!#!#!Ye�  ¡ e } FCD;=xQ�T['N\C'NW�?Ys\ S('Y?hTh=JFIQ�M�¯Â?�Th%('NWh'7A@?t�|Î��^e#!#!#!9ehk Ò?hSPX�%�Th%PA^T ] � Á�A   � ` } Ú�,ä�3n8#693n<-BfxDCPøyæ#òfü�æ�ðFEZìþü �;� ­ ð�ñ�î5òfóDã�ä�ã3��S� �ý��� M�ò7Q#A^R#?hACXh� =@?5A^RPR#A^W�'YQ�ThHJ� =@Q �;� sĵt'�?h%(FLKë93¯�½ ªÇò7QPA^R#?hACX�� T[FÃRPW�FL�C'XZFIzjR#H@'NT['YQ('Y?h?Ns Ú 'NT�ë ` Î ³�ì e#!#!#!¤e ³ � ÒI�jí ` Î�n ì e#!#!#!Yean � ÒI�P� ` Î�� ì e#!#!#!Le�� � ÒwACQPV2��²ë �uí ������62y��` Ø � �±'*ACQ�=@QP?hThACQPXZ'*FCDM93¯�½wsrµt'rXZFIQP?hT[W�SPXZT!ACQ�=@QP?[ThACQPXZ'yFCDò7QPA^R�?hACXh�~D0W�FIz =JTNs u FCWE'N�C'NWh�vT[W�=JR#H@'¦� È `Áa ³ µÂean � e�� ¢ i���2bV('Z·�QP'¦=xQ�T['N\C'NW  È �p�

  È ` « � à © � � µ � ì Ä ­ « � à � � � � ì Ä ­ « � à ¢ � ì ÄKB%('NW�'}�~`HG°�B­mHJFC\ Ø@I ��=�s�'CsJ� Th%('r�#=@QPA^Wh�UWh'NRPW�'Y?['YQ�ThA^Th=@FIQ�FCDM  È XZFIQP?h=@?[Th?!FCDM9 s �#HJF�Xh��?N�Th%('¦·#W�?[T s �#HJF�Xh��?�Wh'NRPWh'Y?h'YQ�Th=@QP\,R±FI=@QpTh?&=@Q�ëw�PTh%('7?['YXZFIQ#V s �#HJF�Xh��?�Wh'NRPW�'Y?['YQ�Th=xQ(\�RºFI=xQ�Th?=@Q�íbACQPV~Th%('�H@AC?hT s �#HJF�Xh��?�Wh'NRPWh'Y?['YQpTh=@Q(\,R±FI=@QpTh?O=@Qn�sfå��#H@FnX��y=@?e�´`Á� ­JGGH@FC\ Ø@I �#=JTh?HJFIQ(\�ACQPV~'Y=JTh%('NW�XZFIQpThAC=@QP?�a.Th%('���=@QPA^Wh�jWh'NR#Wh'Y?['YQpThA^Th=JFIQ~FCDZi�=@Q�T['N\C'NW&Ñ,FCW7�¦V('NR±'YQPVP=xQ(\7FIQKB%('NTh%P'NW&Th%('7XZFCWhWh'Y?hRºFIQ#VP=@Q(\,R±FI=@Q�T��±'YHJFIQP\I?�T[F*Th%('7T[W�=@R#HJ'´FCWEQ(FCTNs u =@Q#ACH@HJ�yHJ'NT

} `{ �X� Æ ì « � Ã � � ì Ä e

=�s�'CsJ�O'N�C'NWh�w��HJFnX���FCD } XZFIQpThAC=@QP?j=@QpT['N\C'NW¥�^swÉE'Z¿�TyQ(FCT['vTh%PA^T*=JDK2 � �L2 =@?�AU?hFIH@S(Th=JFIQFCD=93¯�½ Th%('YQ } ` ]�M Ý Á�N �   È s�ÛEF¤KO'N�C'NWL��=JDO2 � �P2�=@?QPFCT,A¾?[FIH@S(Th=JFIQ�FCD=93¯�½ Th%('YQ} 6` ]QM Ý Á�N �  �s&$&%P=@?�DGFIH@HJF¤KB?�DGWhFIz�Th%('D.ACXZTBTh%PA^T*�62��°�C¥b�62y�n` Ø ACQPV¥%P'YQPXZ'Th%('!FIQ('Cæç?=@QUACQ��U�#HJF�Xh�¾XNACQtACVPV5S(R5T[F�A^T7zjFI?[T Ø ¸ « � s$B%pSP?´Th%('NW�'�XNACQ5�±'�Q(FvFL�C'NW�±�FLKbDGWhFIzFIQ('7��HJFnX��rT[FyTh%('7Q('Z¿�TNsOå´H@?[F(�(Th%('7T[W�ACQP?[DGFCW�z*A^Th=JFIQ�=x?�XZFIzjR#S(ThA^�#H@'7=@QvR±FIHJ�nQPFIz*=@ACHºTh=@zj'Cs

í�î�ï.ð0ñçò�ó^ô ìÂõZö�ì°÷Zö õhõ ø ñçù�îhô ìhì ô ì�ú û © õ°û

Page 30: Max Planck Societymehlhorn/ftp/EATCSmonograph/chapter6.pdfü ý êéþºÿdÍ ü þ È@ÍnÿdÍ ±Í $&%(']'z¿ 'yxns(th=jfiq fcd¦atx %(fi=@xz'¥=xqp?[t[w spxzth=@fiqot[w acqp?[dg'nw

9^Ñ ü ý ê�þºÿdÍ������ë��� ü ��� þ�È@ÍNÿdÍ��±Í����¯°T!=@?KOFCWhTh%pKB%P=xHJ'*T[FUThA^�C'vAUXNHJFI?['NW�HJFnFC��A^T!Th%P'yRPWhFC��HJ'Yz =@Q#?[ThACQPXZ'Y?!FCD�ò7QPA^R#?hACX���XZFIQ�è?[T[W�S#XZT['YVU=xQ�Th%('�RPWhFnFCD�FCD�$&%P'NFCWh'Yz �ns´µt'j?h%PFLK�'YVQÉ´�fèdXZFIz*R#HJ'NT['YQ('Y?h?¦FCD=ò7QPA^R#?hACX����n�AjT�KOF^èd?[T['NRUWh'YVPS#XZTh=JFIQ�M

Ù�å�$7aW9piIª�93¯¦½ ªdòQPA^R#?hACX��%!Ù�S(R#RºFI?h'´Th%#A^T&KO',?[ThA^WhT&FISPT&KB=JTh%�A*D0FCW�z,SPH@Aj=xQPXNH@SPVP=xQ(\�qvXNHxACSP?['Y?B=xQ]kt�9A^W�=@A^�#HJ'Y?Ns u WhFIzTh%P=@?7KO'yXZFIQ#?[T[W�SPXZT=xQP?[ThACQPXZ'Y?�FCDM93¯�½ KB=JTh% s ` � ë}�2` � ív�±`®�����±` « ku��q5ACQPV Ø `�62y�S¥ « k¡�(qy­°9Iqy­ « ��a�k���q#i © ¥ s © s}$&%('vWh'YVPSPXZTh=@FIQoFCD�93¯�½ T[F�ò7QPA^R�?hACXh�lTh%('YQ��=J'YH@VP? Ø ­Á�v`�³ja s © i�QpS#z�±'NW�?FCDBHJ'YQ(\CTh%lA^TjzjFI?[T�9 s �Pa[�´­5GGHJFC\ Ø@I i`�³ja s HJFC\ s ihs$&%nSP?fARPWhFC�#HJ'YzÁ=xQP?[ThACQPXZ'&FC�#ThAC=@Q('YVy=xQjTh%P=@?�K�AY�*%#AC?�HJ'YQ(\CTh%:¹l`�³*a s { HJFC\ s ihs�Û´FLK�'N�C'NWY�} ` a « � A { � 4��9i ¬ a « � 4��9i7`�Ô�a «���R òTS � i�` Ô�a «  ËVURÎ ih��=�s�'CsJ�;Th%('vQpS#zj'NW�=@XNACH��^ACH@S('rFCD } =@?'Z¿�RºFIQP'YQ�Th=@ACH(=xQ�Th%('&?h=J¸N'�FCD±Th%('�RPW�FC�#HJ'YzÁ=@QP?hThACQPXZ'Cs�$&%('��C'NWh�jH@A^Wh\C'��^ACH@S('�FCD } =@?f=@QpT[W�=@QP?�=@XT[F �� èdXZFIzjR#H@'NT['YQ('Y?h?,AC?K�'yKB=xH@H;?['N'r=@Q�Th%('rQ('Z¿�T?['YXZTh=@FIQ�FIQwV(�nQ#ACz*=@X�RPWhFC\CW�ACz*z*=@Q(\(sµt'7KB=xH@H±?h%(FLK Th%('NWh'7Th%PA^T[ò7QPA^R#?hACX��]XNACQ]�±'7?[FIHJ�C'YV�=@QvTh=xzj'!³ja�k�� } ihsɦACzj'CM Ù�X�%('YVPSPH@=xQ(\!¯ÂQPV('NR±'YQPVP'YQ�T�$ AC?h�n?!adÙn¯°$´ihs¯ÂQ(R#S(TNM åÃ?['YunS('YQPXZ'!aY� ì e#!#!#!Ye6� ¡ i FCD±Th=@z*'&Wh'YunSP=JWh'Yzj'YQpTh?fDGFCWOk!¹[FC�#?N��͵f� É��A7QnSPz�±'NWØ � É�FCD;zyACX�%P=@QP'Y?&ACQPV�AjV('YACV#H@=@Q('¿s\ S('Y?hTh=JFIQ�M�¯Â?BTh%('NW�'�A~?hX�%('YVPSPHJ'XWmM2�À�"!#!ék%$¬�¾�À�"!#! Ø $�?hSPX�%UTh%PA^T¦DGFCW¦'N�C'NWh�� ¥� �À�"!#! Ø $] µ Á bZY Ë Ã � Ä � µ ¥m¿�2=�s�'CsJ� =@?¦=JT¦RºFI?�?h=J�#HJ'T[F�VP=@?[T[W�=@�#S(T['Th%P'B¹[FC�#?¦FIQpT[F]Th%('*z*A9èX�%#=@Q('Y?�?hSPX�%]Th%PA^TBACHxHn¹ÂFC��?�A^Wh'�·�QP=x?h%('YV~�±'ND0FCWh'�Th=xzj'�¿ Ú�,ä�3n8#693n<-[fx�0%ðÍíHã�ù%÷@óïìïøCût�ÍøfùCã�ò ã�øXùCã�ø%äe�Hæ�ü\ECü�-y0�Æ��5=ìïü �� ­ ð�ñ�îPòqóDã�ä�ã3��S� �ý��� MEÙn¯Â$§� �� =@?�FC�n��=JFISP?Ns~µt'r?h%PFLK�òQPA^R#?hACX���ª Ùn¯Â$¦s Ú 'NT5  ì e#!#!#!Ye�  ¡ e } �±'*ACQ=@QP?hThACQPXZ'�FCDCò7QPA^R#?�ACXh�]ACQPV�HJ'NT Ë `¯  ì ­´  © ­ß�����9­b  ¡ sOµt',z*AY��AC?h?�SPzj'7K7sçH�s�F(s�\(sPTh%PA^TË ªÁ« } sj��FIQ#?h=@V('NW´Th%('jDGFIH@HJFLKE=@Q(\r=xQP?[ThACQPXZ'�FCD&Ùn¯°$¦M\  ì e�  © e#!#!#!Ye�  ¡ e Ë 4 « } A^Wh'jTh%('�Th=@zj'Wh'YunSP=JWh'Yz*'YQ�Th?�FIQ¥ky­|��¹[FC�#?N� Ø ` « ACQPVZ¿�` Ë 4 } sO¯�D Th%('=@Q#?[ThACQPXZ'�FCD'ò7QPA^R#?�ACXh�]%PAC?A*?[FIHxS(Th=JFIQ�?��#Th%P'YQ]Th%('!AC?�?h=J\IQPzj'YQpT&FCD;Th%('�¹[FC�#?E=@Q]?wACQPV]FCD;Th%('&¹ÂFC��?�KB=JTh%�XZFI?hT Ë 4 « }T[F�z*ACX�%P=xQ('!�¦ACQPVrFCD2ACH@H�FCTh%('NW ¹ÂFC�#?OT[F�z*ACX�%P=xQ(' « =@?OA!?[FIHxS(Th=JFIQrT[F!Th%('¦=@QP?hThACQPXZ'BFCD Ù�¯°$¦s��FIQp�C'NW�?['YHJ�C�2H@'NT�WmM2�À�"!#!ék~­ ��$"� Î��^e « Ò*�±'�A~?hFIH@S(Th=JFIQ¾FCD�Ùn¯Â$¦s7åE?�?hSPzj'!K7sçH�s�F(s�\(s±Th%PA^TW�a�kv­ �9i&`Æ�^s Ú 'NT�?o`^W � ì a[�9i`_w�À�"!#!�k%$�s!$B%('YQ Ë 4 } ` ¿�` Ë 4 « } ­ ] µ ÁaA � µ ACQPV%('YQPXZ'�?�?hFIHJ�C'Y?�Th%('=xQP?[ThACQPXZ'�FCD�ò7QPA^R#?�ACXh�±s$&%('¦RPW�FpFCD FCD;$B%('NFCWh'Yz , ACXZThSPACHxHJ�r?h%PFLKB?&Aj?hT[WhFIQ(\C'NW&Wh'Y?�SPHJT�Th%PACQ�XNH@AC=xzj'YV�s�Ù�X�%P'YVPSPH@=@QP\¯ÂQPV('NR±'YQPV('YQpT�$ AC?[��?&Wh'YzyAC=@QP? �� èdXZFIzjR#HJ'NT['D0FCWBACQp�~·P¿�'YV]QpSPz!�±'NW Ø ª{« z*ACX�%P=@Q('Y?YsɦACzj'CM ��W�'YXZ'YV('YQPXZ',��FIQ#?[T[W�AC=@Q('YV¥Ù(X�%('YVPS#H@=@Q(\va.���&Ù#ihs¯ÂQ(R#S(TNM å QpS#z�±'NWyk � É FCD�SPQP=JTÂèdXZFI?[T7¹ÂFC��?N��A�QnSPz�±'NW Ø � É FCD7z*ACX�%P=@Q('Y?N��A

V('YACVPHx=@Q('�¿ � É ACQPVvA,RPWh'YXZ'YV('YQPXZ'¦Wh'YHxA^Th=JFIQZÞ FIQ~Th%('O¹[FC�#?N�(=�s�'CsJ��a��À�"!#!�k%$�e�Þ,i=@?�ACQ�ACXZ��XNH@=@XVP=J\CW�A^R#%2s\ S('Y?hTh=JFIQ�M�¯Â?&Th%('NWh',Ay?hX�%('YVPSPH@'�W�Mf�À�"!#!�k%$q�á�À�"!#!�¿M$;?hSPX�%¥Th%PA^Tj�6W � ì aY��ié�y¥ Ø DGFCWEACH@H|�ACQPVta)([e� (i��RÞ®ïHW�a)(Âi�¸QW�a/ �i�DGFCWEACHxHf([e� Ú

í�î�ï.ð0ñçò�ó^ô ìÂõZö�ì°÷Zö õhõ ø ñçù�îhô ìhì ô ì�ú û�{h÷°û

Page 31: Max Planck Societymehlhorn/ftp/EATCSmonograph/chapter6.pdfü ý êéþºÿdÍ ü þ È@ÍnÿdÍ ±Í $&%(']'z¿ 'yxns(th=jfiq fcd¦atx %(fi=@xz'¥=xqp?[t[w spxzth=@fiqot[w acqp?[dg'nw

���yú@�=F � �[Í\�� ÂÇ ��� þ�È@ÍNÿdÍ\��� � ëNÈ@Í � � 9���,ä�3n8#693n< 8cbqx~��ú�ã�ð�ã�ùCã�øXð�ãzóhñ�øyüýä0ú�æ�ìïøHã�ù�0%ðÍíHã�ù%÷@óïìïøCûu-/��óC05;ìïü �;� ­ ð�ñ�îPòfóDã�ä�ã3��S� �ý��� M����&Ùm� �� =@?�FC�n�n=@FISP?Nsoµt'¥?h%(F¤K���H@=@unS(')ª����&Ù�s Ú 'NTr_�` adcfehgji�±']ACQSPQPV#=JWh'YXZT['YV]\CW�A^R�%�KB=JTh%PFIS(T&=@?[FIH@A^T['YV¥�C'NWhTh=@XZ'Y?´ACQPV¥H@'NT¦qv� É �±'ACQ¥=@Q#?[ThACQPXZ'7FCDO��Hx=@upSP'¤sµt'¦XZFIQP?[T[W�SPXZT�ACQ~=@QP?[ThACQPXZ'^`,FCD2���&ÙjD0W�FIzb=JTOKB=JTh%yVP'YACVPH@=@Q('M¿Ã`¯97?�SPX�%rTh%PA^T�Th%('NWh'E=x?OADG'YAC?h=J�#HJ'�?hX�%('YVPSPH@'7=+*�_�%PAC?&A*XNHx=@upSP'�FCD ?h=@¸N',q�s�$&%('�¹[FC�#?&=xQ�`yXZFIQP?�=@?[T&FCD N�\CWhFIS(R�?NMfTh%('�C'NWhTh=@XZ'Y?�c|FCD�_��ITh%('�'YVP\C'Y?fg|FCD2_���ACQPV�Th%PWh'N'�Q(FIQ�è�'YzjRPT��,?h'NTh?�FCD#·ºH@HÀèd=@Q�¹ÂFC�#? � ì e�� © e�� { �=�s�'CsJ�Pk¥`���cv�N­�� gv�Y­�� � ì �N­�� � © �Y­ � � { �Ês u S(WhTh%('NW�zjFCWh'Þ `ª� ì �n� © ìZ� © �R� { ì�c �R� { ì¾Î�a��#e��^ih²¦�*�Ucfe��7�¾g ACQPV¥�y=@?&=xQPXN=@V('YQpT�T[F �^Ò@!

¯ÂQ�A]DG'YAC?h=J�#HJ'*?�X�%('YVPS#HJ'*ACH@H�¹[FC�#?=@Q,�¬µBA^W�'*'Z¿n'YXNSPT['YVwA^T7Th=xzj'3([���Z¥ (\¥ 9nsrå´H@?[F�FIQ#HJ��C'NWhTh=@XZ'Y?!ACQPVtQ(F]'YV(\C'Y?!A^Wh'j'Z¿�'YXNS(T['YV�A^T7Th=xzj'jFIQ('*ACQPV�ACHxH;�C'NWhTh=@XZ'Y?z,SP?[T��±'�'Z¿�'YXNS(T['YV�±'ND0FCW�'!Th=@z*'!Th%(W�'N'Cs´µt'*XZFIz*R#HJ'NT[',Th%('jXZFIQP?[T[W�SPXZTh=@FIQ¾�n�¥X�%(FpFI?�=@Q(\�� �½µ��Ê����¥¢(�¥¢9n�2ACQPVØ A^RPRPW�FCRPW�=@A^T['YHJ�ºM

� � ì � ª �^e � � © � ª �^e � � { � ª �^e´ACQPVØ `�q�­�� � ì �C`|kZ4lq�­�q¶�Iadq'4{�9i ¬ « ­�� � © �I`�� gv��4lqÉ�Iadq'4{�9i ¬ « ­�� � { � !

¯°TB=@?&'YAC?h�]T[F~?['N'!Th%PA^T�� � ì �Ê�f� � © �(ACQPVo� � { �n'Z¿�=x?[TNs�µt',?[Th=xH@H2%PAL�C'T[F~Wh'YH@A^T['Th%P''Z¿(=@?[T['YQPXZ'FCD�A7XNH@=@unS('�FCD�?h=J¸N'¦q�=@Qr_|KB=JTh%jTh%('B'Z¿�=@?hT['YQPXZ'BFCD�A7?hX�%('YVPSPH@'&FCD�HJ'YQ(\CTh%39ns É´FCT['&·#W�?[T�Th%PA^TTh%('NWh'7A^W�'�'Z¿�ACXZThHJ�n9 Ø ¹[FC�#?N�P=�s�'CsJ�P=@QvAj?hX�%('YVPSPH@'´FCD;HJ'YQ(\CTh%R9�ACHxH�z*ACX�%P=xQ('Y?�z!S#?[T��º'¦�#S#?[�A^T¦ACH@H2Th=@z*'Y?Ns=É´'Z¿nT¦Q(FCT[',Th%PA^T¦AyDG'YAC?h=J�#H@'!?hX�%('YVPSPHJ'!%PAC?BT[F]?hX�%('YVPSPH@'7'Z¿�ACXZThH@�5qv�C'NW�Th=@XZ'Y?N�?hAL��c � � c*� A^TTh=@zj'*FIQ('rACQPV�Th%('yWh'Yz*AC=@QP=xQ(\]k�4{qU�C'NW�Th=@XZ'Y?!A^TTh=@zj'*T�KOF(svÛ´'YQPXZ'rA?hX�%('YVPSPHJ'yFCD&HJ'YQ(\CTh%�Th%PWh'N'*'Z¿(=@?[Th?,=+*}'Z¿�ACXZThHJ�wq}�(adq:4��9i ¬ « 'YV(\C'Y?,XNACQ��±'y?�X�%('YVPS#HJ'YV�A^TTh=@zj'!TdK�F(sEÛ´FLK�'N�C'NWY��FIQPH@�~'YVP\C'Y?E�±'NT�KO'N'YQ5Q(F�V('Y?EFCDOc � XNACQU�º',?hX�%P'YVPSPHJ'YV¾A^TETh=@z*'TdK�FACQPV~Th%('NWh'�A^Wh'�A^T�zjFI?[T��c!�d���9a���c!����4l�9i ¬ « `�qÂ�¤adq�4o�9i ¬ « FCD�Th%P'Yz]sf$&%('´'YupS#ACH@=JTd�~%(FIH@VP?=+*�c��=x?&A*XNH@=@unS('¦FCD;?h=J¸N'!q�s

åE\IAC=@Q�Th%('rRPWhFnFCDOFCD&$B%('NFCWh'Yz �NѾACXZThSPACH@HJ�t?h%PFLKB?!A¥?[FIzj'NKE%PA^T!?[T[W�FIQ(\C'NWWh'Y?�SPHJTNs~���&ÙWh'Yz*AC=xQP?SÉE��èdXZFIzjR#HJ'NT['!=JD�FIQPH@�~=@Q#?[ThACQPXZ'Y?�KB=@Th%]V('YACVPH@=@QP'=¿Ã`m9jA^Wh'XZFIQP?�=@V('NWh'YV�s

í�î�ï.ð0ñçò�ó^ô ìÂõZö�ì°÷Zö õhõ ø ñçù�îhô ìhì ô ì�ú û�{éì�û

Page 32: Max Planck Societymehlhorn/ftp/EATCSmonograph/chapter6.pdfü ý êéþºÿdÍ ü þ È@ÍnÿdÍ ±Í $&%(']'z¿ 'yxns(th=jfiq fcd¦atx %(fi=@xz'¥=xqp?[t[w spxzth=@fiqot[w acqp?[dg'nw

9 « ü ý ê�þºÿdÍ������ë��� ü ��� þ�È@ÍNÿdÍ��±Í����T U T UO½½o:Hed ^W_ `gfOF�¦�e�oqp�NIHWiP�iuF']�o?GIH)ispÔjµt'E%#AY�C'¦?['N'YQyTh%#A^T �� èdXZFIzjR#HJ'NT['´RPWhFC�#H@'Yz*?�A^Wh'BR#WhFC�#A^�#HJ�,�C'NWh�*VP=J�rXNSPHJT;T[F!?hFIHJ�C'Cs ÉE'N�pè'NWhTh%('YH@'Y?h?N� Th%('N��F�XNXNS(WDGWh'YunS('YQ�ThH@��ACQPV�%PAL�C'rT[FU�±'r?[FIH@�C'YVw=@Q�RPW�ACXZTh=@XZ'Cs�µÃ%PA^T�XNACQlKO'V(F Ú $&%('NWh'7A^W�'?['N�C'NW�ACH2S#?['NDGS#H�A^RPRPWhFIACX�%P?NsAni]Ù�Rº'YXN=xACH�XNAC?['Y?NM¦�E'N'Z¿�ACz*=xQ('!Th%P',R#WhFC�#HJ'Yz*?´A^T�%PACQPV�s¯¦Fv�CFIS5Wh'YACH@H@��K�ACQpT¦T[F�?[FIHJ�C'

Th%P' �;� èdXZFIz*R#HJ'NT['7RPW�FC�#HJ'Yz =@Q]=@Th?�DGS#H@Hº\C'YQ('NW�ACH@=JT��C�#FCW´=@?�=JTa.\CFnFnV�i�'YQ(FIS(\I%]T[F~?[FIHJ�C'A?[R±'YXN=@ACHPXNAC?[' Ú $&%('B?hRº'YXN=xACHPXNAC?['Ezy=J\I%�TO%PAY�C'¦A7R±FIHJ��Q(FIz*=@ACHnTh=@z*'B?[FIH@S(Th=@FIQ�s �OWh'YXZ'ZèVP'YQPXZ'E��FIQP?[T[W�AC=@Q('YVyÙ�X�%('YVPSPH@=xQ(\´=x?�A�\CFpF�Vj'Z¿(ACzjR#HJ'Cs�å�T�H@'YAC?[TfTh%('&DGFIH@HJF¤KB=@Q(\¦?[R±'YXN=@ACHXNAC?h'Y?!FCDB���&Ù�A^Wh'~=xQ�<jM*$&%P'rXNAC?['vFCD&FIQPH@�UT�KOF5RPW�FnXZ'Y?h?hFCW�?!ACQ#V�Th%('vXNAC?['~FCD&Th%('R#Wh'YXZ'YV('YQPXZ'�Wh'YHxA^Th=JFIQ]�±'Y=@Q(\jAjDGFCWh'Y?[TNs

��i~¯¦��QPACz*=@X¦�OWhFC\CW�ACz*zy=@Q(\*ACQPV¾¶OW�ACQPX�%�èdACQ#V�èd¶�FISPQPV�A^Wh'TdK�FrRPW�FC�#HJ'YzÆ?[FIHJ��=@Q(\jT['YX�%�èQ#=@upSP'Y?¦KB%P=@X�%�XNACQ��±'yA^RPR�H@=J'YV5T[F¾z*FI?[T �� èdXZFIzjR#HJ'NT['yRPWhFC�#HJ'Yzy?Nsy¯ÂQtTh%P=@??['YXZTh=JFIQK�'´T[Wh'YA^T�Th%('Y?['¦T['YX�%PQ#=@upSP'Y?O=@Q~V('NThAC=@H�s;¶�FCTh%vT['YX�%PQP=@unS('Y?�A^Wh'´'Y?h?['YQpTh=@ACH@HJ�*XNHJ'N�C'NW��^A^W�=ÀèACQpTh?´FCD�'Z¿(%PACSP?[Th=@�C',?['YA^W�X�%�sj¯¦��QPACz*=@X!��W�FC\CW�ACz*z*=@QP\y��=J'YH@VP?´?hS(WhR#W�=@?h=@QP\IHJ�y'Z�rXN=@'YQ�TACH@\CFCW�=JTh%Pz*?7D0FCW,?[FIzj'*RPW�FC�#HJ'Yz*?N��'Cs�\(sJ�Cò7QPA^R#?hACX���²�¶�W�ACQPX�%�èdACQPV�èd¶�FISPQ#V�SP?['Y?!HJFLK�'NW�±FISPQ#VP?�FIQ]Th%('XZFI?[TBFCD FCRPTh=xz*ACH2?[FIH@SPTh=JFIQP?�T[F*\ISP=xV('¦Th%('?['YA^W�X�%�s

X9ir�OWhFC�#A^�#=xH@=@?[Th=@XjACQ#ACHJ�n?�=@?!XNACQo?[FIz*'NTh=@zj'Y?j?h%(F¤K§Th%PA^T�Th%('~XZFIz*R#H@=@XNA^T['YVo=@QP?hThACQPXZ'Y?,FCDACQ �� èdXZFIzjR�HJ'NT['�RPWhFC��HJ'Yz A^Wh'�unSP=JT['5W�A^Wh'Cs§¯°T�=@?]Th%('NWh'NDGFCWh'tR±FI?h?h=@�#HJ'¥T[F{V('Y?h=J\IQACH@\CFCW�=JTh%Pz*?�KE=JTh%]\CFnFnV¥'Z¿nR±'YXZT['YV¾W�SPQPQP=xQ(\!Th=xzj'CsSL´D�XZFIS(W�?['C�PTh%('7R#WhFC�#HJ'YzÆFCD�¹hSP?[Th=ÀèDG��=@Q(\*Th%(',RPWhFC��A^�#=@H@=JT��~V#=@?[T[W�=J��S(Th=JFIQvR±FI?[ThSPH@A^T['YV¾FIQ¾Th%('!R#WhFC�#HJ'Yz�=@QP?[ThACQPXZ'Y?¦ACHJK�AY��?W�'Yz*AC=@QP?Ns

V±iråERPRPW�FY¿(=@z*A^Th=JFIQ�ACH@\CFCW�=JTh%Pz*?yXNACQ�?[FIzj'NTh=xzj'Y?y��=J'YH@V��C'NWh�o\CFpF�V�?[FIHxS(Th=JFIQP?*=xQ�H@=JT[ThHJ'Th=xzj'CsOÙn'YXZTh=JFIQ��ns Ý =@?�V('N�CFCT['YV¥T[FrA^RPRPW�FY¿(=@z*A^Th=JFIQ]ACHJ\CFCW�=JTh%Pz*?Ns

'^irÛ´'YS(W�=x?[Th=@XN?NM u =@QPACHxHJ�vTh%('NWh'�=@?E?hTh=@H@H2W�FpFIz�DGFCW¦%P'YS(W�=@?[Th=xXN?N��=�s�'CsJ�±DGFCW�ACHJ\CFCW�=JTh%Pzy?BKB%#=@X�%?h'N'YzÆT[F*K�FCWh�vKO'YH@H�=xQvRPW�ACXZTh=@XZ'7��S(T�D0FCWEAjWh'YAC?[FIQ�QPFC�ºF�V(�~SPQPV('NW�?hThACQPVP?Ns

T U T UWVXU@h�¿ _hcfpÔ^�erF']�of`f]�cfpÔp ^W_ `¯¦�nQ#ACz*=@X��OWhFC\CW�ACz*zy=@Q(\�=@?rAwXNH@'N�C'NW~DGFCW�z FCD7'Z¿�%#ACSP?[Th=J�C'U?['YA^W�X�%2s µt'5=@H@H@SP?hT[W�A^T['�Th%('zj'NTh%(F�V]FIQ]T�KOFr'Z¿�ACz*R#HJ'Y?NMf$EÙ���ACQPV�ò7Q#A^R#?hACXh�ºs

��FIQP?h=@V('NW�ACQ]=@Q#?[ThACQPXZ' G^ÉD�éÿ My� ÑS!#!#!ék:4���$ © � É FCD;$EÙn�BshÉ´AC=@�C'�'Z¿�%PACS#?[Th=J�C'7?['YA^W�X�%%PAC?~T[F}T['Y?[T�kji�R±FI?h?h=J�#=xH@=JTh=J'Y?Nsù¯¦�nQPACzy=@XURPWhFC\CW�ACz*zy=@Q(\wACHxHJFLKB?vSP?~T[F�XNS(T]V(F¤KBQmTh%PA^TQnSPz�±'NWXZFIQ#?h=@V('NW�A^��HJ�C��ACHJTh%(FISP\I%�=JT7=@?!?[Th=@H@H�QP'YXZ'Y?h?hA^Wh�5T[F¥T['Y?hT!ACQ�'Z¿�R±FIQ('YQpTh=@ACHfQnSPz�±'NWFCD�XNACQPV#=@VPA^T['Y?Ns´µt'*XZFIQP?[T[W�S#XZT´=JT['NW�A^Th=J�C'YHJ��FCRPTh=xz*ACH�T[FISPW�?BTh%PWhFIS(\I%�q�XN=@Th=J'Y?N�2q]`§�^e « e�9ne!#!#!�s�Ù�=xQPXZ'¦'N�C'NWh�vT[FIS(WE%PAC?&T[F*\CF*Th%(WhFISP\I%�XN=JTd�]ÑjK�'?[ThA^W�T&FIS(W&T[FIS(W�?�K7sçH�s�F(s�\(s#=xQ�XN=JTd�vÑ�su FCW"W{� �À�"!#!�k�4{��$�ACQPVQ(&�(W{HJ'NT\¨ja,W e�([i��±'!Th%('!z*=xQP=@z*ACH2H@'YQ(\CTh%¥FCDOACQ���T[FISPWEKB%#=@X�%?[ThA^WhTh?E=@Q]XN=JT��~Ñ��P\CFn'Y?&Th%PWhFIS(\I%�ACH@H�XN=@Th=J'Y?&=@Q3W�ACQPVv'YQPVP?&=xQ]XN=JTd�n([s�$B%('YQ

¨*a°Î�(ÂÒIe�(Âi�` G^ÉD�éÿ a�Ñ�e�(Âi D0FCW!�\¥ ( ¥�kZ4{�í�î�ï.ð0ñçò�ó^ô ìÂõZö�ì°÷Zö õhõ ø ñçù�îhô ìhì ô ì�ú û�{ © û

Page 33: Max Planck Societymehlhorn/ftp/EATCSmonograph/chapter6.pdfü ý êéþºÿdÍ ü þ È@ÍnÿdÍ ±Í $&%(']'z¿ 'yxns(th=jfiq fcd¦atx %(fi=@xz'¥=xqp?[t[w spxzth=@fiqot[w acqp?[dg'nw

���0���D>��Ok�»��ºê � É.Ç���� � E@�Âê �'� É?��E 9�9

ACQPV¨*a,W e�(Âi;` z*=@Q¢ Á bs�f� µ � � ¨*a,W74oÎ�(ÂÒIe�q#i�­ G^ÉD�éÿ adq�e�(Âi)$

DGFCWU�6W&� ª « s�$&%P'�HJ'YQ(\CTh%}FCD´Th%('�FCRPTh=xz*ACH�T[FIS(Wy=@?*\I=J�C'YQ}�n�lz*=xQºÎ�¨ja��À�"!#!�k 4���$�e�(Âi�­G^ÉD�éÿ a)([ehÑnih���3¥ (¥�kQ4|�9ÒIsj$&%('�FCRPTh=@z*ACH;T[FISPW=JTh?['YHJDO=@?�ACH@?[F]'YAC?h=xHJ�¥XZFIQP?[T[W�SPXZT['YV�s:L¦Q('FIQPHJ��%#AC?ET[F]?[T[FCW�'!Th%(',�^ACH@S(',FCD�q]KE%P=@X�%UV('Z·�QP'Y?�¨*a,W e�(Âi�T[FC\C'NTh%('NW7KB=@Th%£¨ja,W;e�(Âihs7$&%('YQTh%(',FCRPTh=@z*ACH�T[FIS(W�XNACQU�º',XZFIQP?[T[W�S#XZT['YVU=xQ¾A~?['YXZFIQPVUR#AC?h?EFL�C'NW�Th%P',z*A^T[W�=À¿�FCD¶¨ja,W;e�(Âihæç?Ns$&%('�T[FCThACH XZFI?[T&FCD;Th%P=@?�ACH@\CFCW�=JTh%PzÆ=@?

³*a�kZ4��O­ ¡ � ìX È Æ ©l kZ4��Bnm �ÆBo prq sɦSPz!�º'NW�FCD�¨*a,W e�(ÂiKB=JTh%��6W&��`TB

� aRB%4��9io ptq sɦSPz!�±'NW�FCDfq�æç?i

`�³ja[a�kn4{�9i�a�kn4 « i|� « ¡ � { ­Ãa�kZ4��9i[i�!$&%nSP?VP�nQPACzy=@X�RPWhFC\CW�ACzyz*=@Q(\�W�'YVPSPXZ'Y?7Th%P'rQnSPz�±'NW!FCD&XNACQPVP=@VPA^T['Y?T[F¾�±'*T['Y?hT['YVwDGWhFIz8$i(T[Fyk © � « ¡ �#A*VPW�AC?[Th=@X¦=@zjR#WhFL�C'Yzj'YQpTNså´Q(FCTh%('NW7=xH@H@SP?[T[W�A^Th=J�C'!'Z¿(ACzjR#H@'�=x?Âò7QPA^R#?hACX���s Ú 'NT�  ì e#!#!#!¤e�  ¡ e } �±'jACQ�=@QP?hThACQPXZ'�FCDò7QPA^R�?hACXh�ºsC¯¦'Z·�Q('��#=@T[�C'YXZT[FCW[Ên� ÑS!#! } $2�n��M

Ên� �ý$º` � � =JD'�E` ]�uµ Æ ì  �µ�� ³ µ;DGFCWE?[FIz*'*a ³�ì e#!#!#!¤e ³ ¡ if�tÎLÑ�eY�9Ò ¡ ²Ñ FCTh%('NWhKB=x?['Csz�'YXZT[FCW�Ê XNACQ��º'7XZFIz*R#S(T['YV�=@QvTh=xzj'!³ja�k�� } i��n�~��WhFC\CW�ACz Nns

Ên� Ñ�$f1 T[W�SP'C²�ÊZ� �ý$f1 D.ACH@?['�DGFCW�\¥_�P¥ } ²- 8�6rACHxHf(f�w�À�"!#!�k%$Ý 8�àI8�Ên� �#$�` �7= *��¦`{] µ � ì� Æ ì   � � ³o� D0FCWE?[FIzj'ya ³2ì e#!#!#!Ye ³ µ � ì i��5ÎLÑ�eY�9Ò µ � ì 8�à- 8�6�� - 698�< } ßNÞL3��}è���Þ¤8 ³ µÝ 8w- - Ên� �=4 ³ µ0$2Þ¤ä 3�ÜdÊn� �ý$f1 T[W�S('78�ÝO²8�ÝOs

47698#â�6¤á#<&��,ä�3n8#693n< 8yxDCPøyæ#òfü�æ�ðFEQð�æ�ø§åsã=ü�ñ�ó���ã�ù.ìïø,ä)ìþî:ã�³ja�k�� } i;��S� �ý��� M&$&%P'7ACHJ\CFCW�=JTh%Pz \I=J�C'YQ�A^�±FL�C'?hFIHJ�C'Y? ò7Q#A^R#?hACXh�]=@QvTh=xzj'!³ja�k�� } ihsµÃ%PA^T&%PA^RPR±'YQ('YV Ú $&%('�?h=@z*R#HJ'EACH@\CFCW�=JTh%PzÆA^�±FL�C'!?[FIHJ�C'Y?�ò7Q#A^R#?hACXh�v=@Q~R±FIHJ��Q(FIz*=@ACH�Th=@zj'%('YQPXZ'~'Y?[ThA^�#Hx=@?h%('Y?5< ` �� s¾¯Â?!Th%('r'YQpTh=JWh'vX�%#A^RPT['NWjA¥DGW�ACSPV Ú É´FviU�ESPQPQ#=@Q(\�Th=@z*'r=@?R±FIHJ��Q(FIz*=@ACH�=@Q�Th%('¥�^ACH@S('¥FCD } �#S(TrQ(FCTr=@Q�Th%('¾H@'YQ(\CTh%�FCD7Th%P'¥�#=@Q#A^Wh�wW�'NRPWh'Y?['YQpThA^Th=JFIQFCD } sjå�T7Th%#=@?¦R±FI=@Q�T¦Th%('jW�'YACV('NW?h%(FIS#H@VU\CF��#ACXh�5T[F�Th%P'jWh'Yz*A^Wh�UD0FIHxHJFLKB=xQ(\~$B%('NFCWh'Yz �FCDfÙn'YXZTh=JFIQ��nsONns�$&%('NWh'�K�'7A^Wh\IS('YV]Th%#A^T&Th%('�Wh'YVPS#XZTh=JFIQ]FCD 93¯¦½�T[F~òQPA^R#?hACX��~\C'YQP'NW�A^T['Y?í�î�ï.ð0ñçò�ó^ô ìÂõZö�ì°÷Zö õhõ ø ñçù�îhô ìhì ô ì�ú û�{�{°û

Page 34: Max Planck Societymehlhorn/ftp/EATCSmonograph/chapter6.pdfü ý êéþºÿdÍ ü þ È@ÍnÿdÍ ±Í $&%(']'z¿ 'yxns(th=jfiq fcd¦atx %(fi=@xz'¥=xqp?[t[w spxzth=@fiqot[w acqp?[dg'nw

9 | ü ý ê�þºÿdÍ������ë��� ü ��� þ�È@ÍNÿdÍ��±Í����RPWhFC��HJ'Yz =@QP?[ThACQ#XZ'Y?¦FCD1òQPA^R#?hACX��UKE%('NWh' } =@?¦'Z¿�RºFIQP'YQ�Th=@ACH�=xQ5Th%('y?h=J¸N'jFCD�Th%('*=xQP?[ThACQPXZ'CsÛ´'YQPXZ'�Th%('jV(�nQ#ACz*=@X!RPWhFC\CW�ACz*zy=@Q(\rACH@\CFCW�=JTh%Pz�DGFCWjò7QPA^R#?hACX��¾%PAC?´W�S#QPQP=@Q(\yTh=@zj'�'Z¿nR±F^èQ('YQpTh=@ACH´=@QmTh%('U?�=J¸N'¾FCD!Th%('t=@Q(R#SPTNs¢É´'N�C'NWhTh%('YHJ'Y?�?N�E$&%P'NFCWh'Yz �¾=x?~=xQ�T['NWh'Y?hTh=@Q(\lD0WhFIz ARPW�ACXZTh=xXNACH�R±FI=@QpT�FCD��n=J'NK�p�±'YXNACSP?['¦=JT�?['N'Yz*?�T[F��±'ETh%('¦XNAC?['¦Th%PA^T�=@Ql»ÂWh'YACH@=@?hTh=@XN¼!=xQP?[ThACQPXZ'Y?FCD'ò7QPA^R#?�ACXh�]Th%('' �µÂæç?´ACQPV } A^W�'�±FISPQPV('YV��p�]A*R±FIHJ��Q(FIz*=xACH�=@Q�k;s�$&%('?hRº'YXN=xACH2XNAC?[',FCD?hSPX�%�=@QP?hThACQPXZ'Y?XNACQ��º'r?[FIHJ�C'YV�=xQ5RºFIH@�nQ(FIzy=@ACH;Th=@zj'*�n�tV(��QPACz*=@X,RPWhFC\CW�ACz*z*=@Q(\(s~$&%P=@?R#%('YQPFIzj'YQ(FIQ]=@?�?[Fr=@Q�T['NW�'Y?[Th=@Q(\jTh%PA^TE=JT&V('Y?['NWh�C'Y?E=JTh?�FLKEQ¥QPACzj'Cs~ 3��;Ü -0Þ¤-G8�Ü��Ani Ú 'NT�`*�º'�ACQ�=xQP?[ThACQPXZ'¦FCD ?hFIzj'7ACHJ\CFCW�=JTh%#z*=@XERPWhFC�#HJ'Yz��nT��pR�=@XNACH@HJ�~`y=@?�Aj?['NT�FCD�\CW�A^R#%P?N�=@QpT['N\C'NW�?N�#?h'NTh?N�q!#!#!�sf$&%('YQ �PÌ � ëéÍ�� aR`(iO=x?�Th%('H@A^Wh\C'Y?hTB=@QpT['N\C'NW&FnXNXNSPWhW�=@Q(\j=@QO`Ps��i;åEQ~ACHJ\CFCW�=JTh%#z�DGFCW�A!XZFIz�#=xQPA^T[FCW�=@ACH�RPWhFC�#H@'Yz�=@?¶� ßY3�1 Ý 8Pã��f8�+D��Ü 8�<l-0á�+�=JD�=JTh?OW�SPQPQP=xQ(\Th=@zj'�FIQ¥=@QP?[ThACQPXZ'j`~=@?�R±FIHJ��Q(FIz*=@ACH±=@Q �éÉv*9Í aR`(iOACQPV �#Ì � ëéÍ�� aR`(ihsµt'&XNACQjQ(F¤K}Wh'NR#%(W�AC?h'�$&%P'NFCWh'YzÆ�^s'ò7QPA^R#?hACX��!%PAC?�A´R#?h'YSPV(F^è�R±FIHJ��Q(FIz*=@ACHpACHJ\CFCW�=JTh%Pz�s;ÙnF%PAL�C'EK�'Y=J\I%pT['YV�òQPA^R#?hACX��*ACQPVvÙ(X�%('YVPS#H@=@Q(\�¯ÂQPV('NR±'YQPV('YQpTf$ AC?[�n?�DGFCWO'N�C'NW��j·P¿�'YVyQnSPz�±'NWFCD�z*ACX�%P=@Q('Y?,a0Üf¿�'NW�XN=@?h'Y?,�ýN~ACQPVo�ý�pihs�åÁR#?h'YSPV(F^è�R±FIHJ��Q(FIz*=@ACH2ACH@\CFCW�=JTh%Pz�=@?E�C'NWh�¾SP?h'NDGSPH�sµÃ%('YQ('N�C'NWyTh%P'�RPWhFC�#H@'Yz�=@QP?[ThACQ#XZ'Y?*XZFIQ�ThAC=xQ�FIQPHJ�o?hz*ACHxH�QpSPz!�±'NW�?N��=�s�'CsJ� �PÌ � ë�Í�� aR`(iZ¥Ö a �éÉv*9Í aR`Pi[ifD0FCW�?[FIz*'´R±FIHJ��Q(FIz*=xACH�Ö���Th%('YQ]A,R#?['YS#V(F^è�R±FIHJ�nQPFIz*=@ACHPACHJ\CFCW�=JTh%Pz§=@?�=@QPV('N'YV~ACQACHJ\CFCW�=@Th%PzbKE=JTh%~RºFIH@�nQ(FIzy=@ACHPW�S#QPQP=@Q(\�Th=xzj'Cs'¯¦Fp'Y?�'N�C'NW�� �� èdXZFIzjR#HJ'NT['�RPW�FC�#HJ'Yz %PAY�C'7AR#?['YS#V(F^è�R±FIHJ�nQPFIz*=@ACHºACHJ\CFCW�=JTh%Pz Ú $&%('7ACQ#?[KO'NW´=@?j»�É´FI¼*RPWhF¤�n=xV('YVvTh%PA^T=<Û6` �;� s~ 3��;Ü -0Þ¤-G8�Ü��yåEQ �� èdXZFIzjR�HJ'NT[']RPWhFC�#H@'Yz =@?�ßNÞ¤6¤8ºÜ�âº+þ� �;� ã�à�8�<w� +G3pÞL3�=+*Ã=JT!W�'Yz*AC=@QP?�� èdXZFIzjR#HJ'NT['7KE%('YQ�=@QpT['N\C'NW�?&A^Wh'!XZFnV('YV¥=@Q]SPQPA^Wh�~DGFCW�z]sµÃ%('YQjK�'B=@QpT[WhFnV#SPXZ'YV �;� èdXZFIz*R#HJ'NT['&RPW�FC�#HJ'Yz*? K�'&KO'NW�'BQ(FCT��C'NWh�j?[R±'YXN=À·�X�A^�±FIS(T�'YQPXZF�V�è=@Q(\I?Ys Û´FLK�'N�C'NW�KO'ER#S(TOD0FCWhTh%yFIQ('BR#W�=@QPXN=JR�HJ'CM2¯ÂQ�T['N\C'NW�?�A^Wh'´XZFnV('YV~=@Qy�#=@QPA^Wh�va.FCW�V('YXN=@z*ACH.iQ(FCThA^Th=JFIQ2� =�s�'CsJ� Th%('*Wh'NR#Wh'Y?['YQpThA^Th=JFIQ�FCD�=@QpT['N\C'NW,k}%PAC?HJ'YQ(\CTh%�HJFC\�k;s*¯°D�K�'yXZF�V('y=@QpT['N\C'NWk�=@Q¾SPQPA^Wh�]W�'NRPWh'Y?['YQpThA^Th=JFIQ��±=�s�'CsJ�±AC?EA~?['YunS('YQPXZ'FCDOktFIQ('Y?N�ºTh%('YQ¾Th%('!W�'NRPWh'Y?['YQpThA^Th=JFIQ¾FCDk�%PAC?!HJ'YQ(\CTh%wk;svåÆ?hT[WhFIQ(\IHJ� �� èdXZFIzjR#HJ'NT['rRPWhFC�#H@'Yz®=@? �� èdXZFIzjR#H@'NT['r'N�C'YQwKB%('YQ�KO'SP?['!Th%P=@?B�C'NWh��Wh'YVPS#QPVPACQpTB'YQPXZF�VP=@Q(\yFCD�=@QpT['N\C'NW�?Ns¦½¥FI?[T´FCDfTh%(',RPWhFC��HJ'Yz*?&=@QtÙn'YXZTh=JFIQ7�nsONA^Wh'�?[T[WhFIQP\IHJ� �� èdXZFIzjR#H@'NT['��º'YXNACS#?['¦Th%('Y?['�RPWhFC��HJ'Yz*?�V(FjQ(FCT�=@Qp�CFIHJ�C'7QpS#z�±'NW�?�A^T&ACH@HºFCWFIQPHJ�r=@QvACQ]=@Q('Y?h?['YQpTh=@ACHºK�AY�Cs�Ü�¿�ACz*R#HJ'Y?�A^Wh'!Ù�å�$��&93¯�½o�#��H@=@unS('�a�Q(FCT['�Th%PA^T�K�'7z*AY�vAC?Âè?hSPz*'7q:¥ ��c~��K7sçH�s�F(s�\(sÀih�&zE�¦�o¯¦Û����(ÅEÛ7�´�����BÙ~ACQPV3+v$EÙn��a�QPFCT['�Th%PA^T&ACH@H±'YV(\C'Y?&%#AY�C'HJ'YQ(\CTh%oFIQP'�FCW*TdK�Fw=xQoTh%(']RPWhFC�#H@'Yz =@QP?[ThACQPXZ'Y?yXZFIQP?[T[W�SPXZT['YV{=@QoTh%(' �� èdXZFIzjR#H@'NT['YQ('Y?h?FCDw+v$EÙn��ihsyÙnT[WhFIQP\IHJ� �� èdXZFIzjR#HJ'NT['yRPWhFC�#HJ'Yzy?´VPFvQPFCT7%PAY�C'*R�?['YSPV(F^è�R±FIHJ��Q(FIz*=@ACH ACHJ\CF^èW�=JTh%#z*?�RPWhFL��=@V('YVvTh%#A^T=<©6` �� s�,ä�3n8#693n< ÓXx~��2=æ£üýä0ú�ñ�øsû�ó õ �� ­ ð�ñ�îPòfóDã�ä�ã'òXú�ñCå�óDã�î×íyæ�üBæZòfü�ã�÷�ùCñ�­ ò ñ�ó õ&øHñ�îBìDæ�ó�æ�ó+û�ñ�­ú�ìWä)íyî�7qä)íHã�øR< ` �� ��S� �ý��� M�¯°D´=xQ�T['N\C'NW�?yA^Wh'¥XZF�V('YV�=@Q}SPQ#A^Wh��DGFCW�z Th%('YQ �PÌ � ëéÍ�� aR`(iZ¥ �éÉv*9Í aR`PiDGFCWyACH@H�=@Q�è?[ThACQPXZ'Y?Â`#s¦ÛE'YQPXZ'jA~R#?['YS#V(F^è�R±FIHJ�nQPFIz*=@ACH2ACHJ\CFCW�=JTh%Pz�=@?EA~R±FIHJ��Q(FIz*=@ACH ACHJ\CFCW�=JTh%#z�=@Q¾Th%('SP?hS#ACH�?['YQP?['Csí�î�ï.ð0ñçò�ó^ô ìÂõZö�ì°÷Zö õhõ ø ñçù�îhô ìhì ô ì�ú û�{[úÂû

Page 35: Max Planck Societymehlhorn/ftp/EATCSmonograph/chapter6.pdfü ý êéþºÿdÍ ü þ È@ÍnÿdÍ ±Í $&%(']'z¿ 'yxns(th=jfiq fcd¦atx %(fi=@xz'¥=xqp?[t[w spxzth=@fiqot[w acqp?[dg'nw

���0���#"��Ox=�Âê���Ç ý ê��%GXx � Ì��%G 9�N

Ù�å�$��93¯¦½ ACQPV���H@=xupS('¾A^Wh'tQ(FCTv�C'NWh��=@QpT['NWh'Y?[Th=@QP\l?[T[W�FIQ(\IHJ� �� èdXZFIzjR#H@'NT['UR#WhFC�#HJ'Yz*?�±'YXNACSP?['�QpS#z�±'NW�?EV(F~QPFCT´R�H@AY��AvXZW�SPXN=xACH2WhFIHJ'�=@Q¾Th%('Y?[',RPWhFC�#H@'Yz*?NsEå zjFCWh'�=@QpT['NWh'Y?[Th=@Q(\'Z¿(ACzjR#HJ'7=@?�R#WhFL��=@V('YVv�n��MɦACzj'CM 9¤è���A^WhTh=JTh=JFIQ2s¯ÂQ(R#S(TNM ¯ÂQ�T['N\C'NW�? ˤì e#!#!#!Ye Ë#{ ¡ ?hS#X�%]Th%PA^T[Ê ¬ | ¸ Ë µ ¸dÊ ¬ « D0FCW´ACH@Hf([�KB%('NW�'�Ê�` a Ë¤ì ­§�����9­ Ë#{ ¡ i ¬ k;s\ S('Y?hTh=JFIQ�M�¯Â?OTh%P'NWh'�A!R�A^WhTh=JTh=JFIQ:¿ ì e#!#!#!Le�¿ ¡ FCDOÎ��^e#!#!#!Le�9^k Ò?�SPX�%~Th%PA^T ] � Á � ö Ë;� `TÊ�DGFCW

ACH@Hf( Ú�,ä�3n8#693n<��fx4=Ü­y�hæ�ú�ä)ì�ä)ìDñ�ø�ìïü�ü�ä0ú�ñ�øCû�ó õ �;� ­ ð�ñ�îPòfóDã�ä�ã3��S� �ý��� M&$&%P'jRPWhFnFCDO=@?´�n�UA]HJ'YQP\CTh%��UWh'YVPSPXZTh=@FIQ5D0WhFIzÙ93¯�½ ACQPVtXNACQt�±'�DGFISPQPVt=@Q5½ws��sg¦A^Wh'N�&tܯ�sÊÙºszyIFI%#QP?[FIQ�M���FIzjR�HJ'Z¿�=@Td�j�B'Y?�SPHJTh?�D0FCW�½USPHJTh=JR#WhFnXZ'Y?�?[FCW�Ù(X�%('YVPS#H@=@Q(\S#QPV('NW��B'Zè?[FIS(W�XZ'!��FIQP?[T[W�AC=xQ�Th?N��Ù�¯[�ML�½¥� | a[� ,@Ý Npih�X9 ,@Ý|{ 9 | �^sÉ´FCT['OTh%PA^T;=@Q,ACQ��7?hFIH@S(Th=JFIQFCDPTh%('¶9¤è���A^WhTh=@Th=JFIQ,RPWhFC�#HJ'Yz ACH@H�?h'NTh?2¿fµºz!SP?hT %PAL�C'�XNA^W�VP=@QPACH@=@Td�'Z¿(ACXZThHJ�¾Th%PWh'N'Cs�ÛE'YQPXZ'*·�QPVP=@QP\rA]?[FIH@SPTh=JFIQUT[FUÙ�X�%P'YVPSPH@=@QP\y¯ÂQPV('NR±'YQPV('YQpT´$ AC?[��?�KB=JTh%,9^k¹[FC�#?vFCD!Th=xzj'5Wh'YupS#=JWh'Yzj'YQpTh? ËLì e#!#!#!Le Ë#{ ¡ �¦V('YACVPH@=xQ('�¿Ä`Ø9oACQPV Ø `>k z*ACX�%#=@Q('Y?]=@?'YunSP=J�^ACHJ'YQ�T�T[F.9¤è��;A^W�Th=JTh=JFIQ�s�$B%pSP?BÙ�¯°$|=@?B?[T[WhFIQ(\IHJ� �;� èdXZFIzjR#HJ'NT['Cs

T U T U/E"U@}B]�cf_he@g¯cf_hk~}Boq[h_�k¶�W�ACQPX�%�ACQPV]¶�FISPQPV]=@?�ACQPFCTh%('NWB�^A^W�=@ACQpT�FCD 'Z¿(%PACSP?[Th=@�C'7?['YA^W�X�%2sO$&%('¦�PW�ACQPX�%]?[T['NR¾XZFCWhWh'Zè?[R±FIQPVP?2T[FB'Z¿(%PACSP?[Th=J�C'�?['YA^W�X�%�s;ÛEF¤KO'N�C'NWY�CTh%P'�DG'YAC?h=J�#HJ'O?[FIH@S(Th=JFIQ#?�\C'YQ('NW�A^T['YV�=@QTh%('��PW�ACQPX�%?[T['NR¥A^W�'Q(FCTB?['YA^W�X�%('YV¾=@Q�A^Wh�#=@T[W�A^Wh�yFCW�V('NWYsf�´A^Th%('NWY�P'YAC?h=xHJ�~XZFIz*R#S(ThA^�#HJ'��±FISPQ#VP?�FIQ�Th%('XZFI?[T!FCD&ACQ�FCRPTh=xz*ACH�?[FIHxS(Th=JFIQ�A^Wh'~SP?['YV�T[F¾VP=JW�'YXZT7Th%('r?h'YA^W�X�%lDGFCW!ACQwFCRPTh=@z*ACHf?hFIH@S(Th=JFIQ�s½¾FCWh'�XZFIQPXZWh'NT['YHJ�C�#H@'NT@` ÷ �±'¦ACQ]=@QP?[ThACQPXZ'´FCD A�z*=xQP=@z*=J¸YA^Th=@FIQ*RPWhFC��HJ'Yz]s;¯°QvA,�PW�ACQ#X�%v?[T['NRK�'7\C'YQ('NW�A^T['7DGWhFIzé` ÷ ?h=@zjR#H@'NW�=xQP?[ThACQPXZ'Y?�` ì e#!#!#!Lea` ¢ FCD;Th%('7?hACzj'RPWhFC�#HJ'YzÆ?�SPX�%]Th%#A^TNM�9i2ÜO�C'NWh��D0'YAC?h=@�#HJ'�?[FIH@S(Th=@FIQB¹�FCD?`#µÂ����¥º(h¥mq��nXZFCWhWh'Y?[R±FIQPVP?;T[F!A�D0'YAC?�=J�#HJ'&?[FIHxS(Th=JFIQɳ@µha)¹�iFCD�` ÷ ACQPVvÎ�³@µha)¹�ih²E��¥ (h¥mq,ACQ#VB¹�=@?�A7D0'YAC?h=@�#HJ'�?[FIH@S(Th=@FIQ!FCD?`#µ°ÒB=@?fTh%('&?['NTfFCD±ACH@H�DG'YAC?h=J�#HJ'?[FIH@SPTh=JFIQP?;FCD:` ÷ sf$&%('@³@µ[æç?OA^Wh'B�C'NWh��FCDGT['YQyTh%P'B=@V('YQpTh=JTd��D.SPQPXZTh=JFIQ2s $&%P'��PW�ACQPX�%y?[T['NR~?[R#H@=JTh?RPWhFC��HJ'Yz<` ÷ =@QpT[F*?hS(�PR#WhFC�#HJ'Yz*?@` ì e#!#!#!¤ea` ¢ s« i u FCWE'N�C'NWh��`#µÂ�2�\¥ (�¥mq��PFIQ('!XZFIzjR#S(T['Y?EA*HJFLK�'NW&�±FISPQPV�¨¶µ;FIQ¥Th%('7XZFI?[TEFCD;?hFIH@S(Th=JFIQP?³@µ[a)¹�i;FCD�` ÷ KB%('NW�'=¹w=x?�A7DG'YAC?h=J��HJ'&?[FIH@S(Th=@FIQjFCD:`#µ�a.�±FISPQPV�ihs $&%P'YQjTh%('EXZFI?hTOFCD2ACQyFCRPTh=@z*ACH?[FIH@SPTh=JFIQ¥FCD@` ÷ =@?EA^T7H@'YAC?[T´zyA9¿ºÎ�¨¶µÂ²j��¥¢(M¥�q#ÒIs$B%(',QP'Z¿nT¦�PW�ACQ#X�%5?[T['NRt=@?¦A^RPR#H@=@'YV�T[FTh%('7Q(F�V('�KB=@Th%vTh%('HJ'YAC?[T;¨¦è��9ACHxS('Cs¶�W�ACQPX�%¥ACQPV¾¶OFIS#QPV¥?[T['NR�?BA^Wh',=JT['NW�A^T['YV¥S#Q�Th=@H�ACQ¥=@QP?hThACQPXZ'�`v=@?�FC�PThAC=xQ('YV¥?hS#X�%�Th%#A^TBTh%('DG'YAC?h=J�#HJ'�?[FIHxS(Th=JFIQP?�DGFCW[`~XNACQ��±'7XZFIzjR#SPT['YV�VP=JWh'YXZThH@�~=@Q]Hx=JT[ThHJ'¦Th=@zj'ACQ#V�?hSPX�%]Th%PA^T[`r%PAC?A7DG'YAC?h=J��HJ'B?[FIH@SPTh=JFIQB¹lD0FCWOKB%P=@X�%*Th%('´XZFI?[T�FCDS³ºa)¹�i�=@?�QPFCTOH@A^Wh\C'NW�Th%PACQyTh%('�¨¦è��9ACH@SP'Y?fFCD2ACH@HSPQ('Z¿�R#ACQPVP'YV7?hS(�PR#WhFC�#HJ'Yz*?Ys2$&%('YQ�¹5=@? ACQ7FCRPTh=@zyACH�?[FIH@SPTh=JFIQ�s ¶�W�ACQ#X�%,ACQPV¶�FISPQPV!=@?2�C'NW��í�î�ï.ð0ñçò�ó^ô ìÂõZö�ì°÷Zö õhõ ø ñçù�îhô ìhì ô ì�ú û�{ Ò û

Page 36: Max Planck Societymehlhorn/ftp/EATCSmonograph/chapter6.pdfü ý êéþºÿdÍ ü þ È@ÍnÿdÍ ±Í $&%(']'z¿ 'yxns(th=jfiq fcd¦atx %(fi=@xz'¥=xqp?[t[w spxzth=@fiqot[w acqp?[dg'nw

9�� ü ý ê�þºÿdÍ������ë��� ü ��� þ�È@ÍNÿdÍ��±Í����?h=@zy=@H@A^WfT[F,·�QPV#=@Q(\7HJ'YAC?[T�XZFI?[T�R#A^Th%P?�=@Q~VP=JWh'YXZT['YVr\CW�A^R#%#?Ns�$&%P=@?�Wh'YH@A^Th=JFIQ~=@?OD0FCW�z,SPH@A^T['YV~=@QÜf¿�'NW�XN=@?h'*� Ý sµt'yThA^�C'rTh%('r$�W�AL�C'YH@=@Q(\¾Ù(ACHJ'Y?hz*ACQt�OWhFC�#HJ'Yz AC?!A�XZFIQPXZWh'NT['r'Z¿�ACz*R#HJ'Cs*µt'~Q('N'YV�AHJF¤KO'NW��±FISPQPVrFIQ~Th%('´XZFI?hT�FCD ACQ~FCRPTh=@z*ACH�T[FIS(W�·#W�?[TNsOÙ(=@QPXZ'B'N�C'NW��rXN=JT��r%PAC?�T[F��±'B'YQpT['NWh'YVACQPV�H@'ND0T�FIQ�ACQ�FCRPTh=@z*ACH±T[FIS(W

¡ � ìXµ Æ ÷

a�z*=@Q���Æ ÷ G^ÉD�éÿ a)([e� (i�­ozy=@Q���Æ ÷ G^ÉD�éÿ a/ Ce�(Âi[i ¬ «=@?OA!HJF¤KO'NW��±FISPQPVyFIQyTh%P'´XZFI?[T�FCD�ACQrFCRPTh=@zyACH#T[FIS(WLsf��FIQP?h=@V('NWOTh%('´D0FIH@H@FLKB=@QP\=@QP?[ThACQ#XZ'BFIQDGFIS(W&XN=JTh=J'Y?M�!eaÊ~e�¨´eaZ¾s u SPQ#XZTh=JFIQ G^ÉD�éÿ =@?�\I=@�C'YQ��n�~z*A^T[W�=À¿

` ÷ ` ����� Ê ¨ Z

� È 9 « ÝÊ | È 9 �¨ � � È 9Z � � � È

�t�����=JT��£� %PAC?T[F��±'*HJ'ND0T7?hFIzj'Y%(FLKs*¯�T!=@?¦'Y=JTh%('NWH@'ND0T�FIQtTh%P'*WhFIACVtT[F,¨ a.Th%('yXN=JT��tXNHJFI?['NWT[F �iyFCW¥=JT�=x?�Q(FCT�HJ'NDGT�FIQ|Th%('�WhFIACV|T[F�¨js µt'�XNACQ�Th%nSP?]\C'YQP'NW�A^T['�Th%('�D0FIH@H@FLKB=@QP\?hS(�#RPWhFC�#HJ'Yzy?¶` ì ACQPVd` © D0W�FIz ` ÷ sm¯°Q_` ì K�'¥z*A^�C'5?hS(Wh']Th%#A^TyWhFIACVº��¨ =@?*ThA^�C'YQ{�n�?['NT[Th=@QP\.�^Ê©1ë�^Z 1 Èms�Ù(=@QPXZ' ¨ XNACQ#Q(FCTE�±'!'YQ�T['NWh'YV5T�KB=@XZ',FIQ5ACQ¾FCR#Th=@z*ACH T[FIS(W¦KO'XNACQtACH@?[FvX�%#ACQ(\C'zÊB¨bACQ#VuÊtZ T[F]=@Q(·�QP=JT��Cs´¯ÂQ)` © KO'jz*A^�C'*?hSPWh'Th%PA^T�W�FIACV£�\¨ =@?¦Q(FCTThA^�C'YQ��n�]X�%PACQP\I=@Q(\*=JTh?&H@'YQ(\CTh%vT[F.Èmsfµt'!FC�PThAC=@Q

` ì ` ��� È È « È| È È �È � È 9� � È È

�t��ë � Ì��%G ` a « ­ | ­Ã�O­m�O­Ã��­Ã��­ « ­b9pi ¬ « ` Ý !ONACQPV

` © ` ��� È 9 È Ý| È 9 �� � È 9� � � È

�t��ë � ÌC�HG `ÁaW9B­b9B­Ã��­|�O­Ã��­Ã�O­Ô9B­´9pi ¬ « `ß��!Ù�S(�#RPWhFC�#HJ'Yz ` ì %PAC?¦Th%('*?hzyACH@HJ'NW´�ºFIS#QPV�s$&%nSP?�` ì =@?¦�PW�ACQPX�%('YV5=@QUTh%('*QP'Z¿nT�?[T['NR2s,µt'XNACQ�XZFIQpTh=@QnS('yDGWhFIz®XN=@Td�w¨§T[F¾'Y=JTh%('NW¶Ê FCWT[F¾ACQPFCTh%('NW!XN=JT��Cs]$&%P=@?�?[T['NRw\C'YQ('NW�A^T['Y?,Th%('?hS(�#RPWhFC�#HJ'Yzy?Â` { � KE%('NWh'*K�'rz*A^�C'v?hS(W�'*Th%PA^TB¨ÂÊ =@?7ThA^�C'YQÃa�ACQPVl%('YQPXZ'Z¨ÂZ¾�¬�^Ê®ACQPVZ�Ê XNACQPQPFCT&�±'�ThA^�C'YQ±i�ACQPVO` ú �PKB%('NWh'�K�'z*A^�C'!?hS(Wh'�Th%PA^T�¨ÂÊ =@?�Q(FCT&ThA^�C'YQ�sí�î�ï.ð0ñçò�ó^ô ìÂõZö�ì°÷Zö õhõ ø ñçù�îhô ìhì ô ì�ú û�{ Î û

Page 37: Max Planck Societymehlhorn/ftp/EATCSmonograph/chapter6.pdfü ý êéþºÿdÍ ü þ È@ÍnÿdÍ ±Í $&%(']'z¿ 'yxns(th=jfiq fcd¦atx %(fi=@xz'¥=xqp?[t[w spxzth=@fiqot[w acqp?[dg'nw

���0���#"��Ox=�Âê���Ç ý ê��%GXx � Ì��%G 9 Ý

` ì ` ��� È È « ÈÈ È È �È � È È� È È È

�t��ë � Ì��%G ` a « ­Ô�&­Ã�O­Ã��­Ã��­Ã��­Ã� « ­b�pi ¬ « ` �NÑACQPV

` © ` ��� È È « È| È 9 �È È È 9� � � È

�t��ë � Ì��%G ` a « ­b9E­b9B­m�O­Ã��­b�&­ « ­b9pi ¬ « ` �NÑC!ON�!å�T�Th%#=@?;R±FI=@Q�T�K�'B��Q(F¤K�Th%PA^TOACHxHP?[FIH@S(Th=@FIQP?;FCD?` { aR` ú i %#AY�C'EH@'YQ(\CTh%*A^TOH@'YAC?[TB�NÑya[�NÑ�sONpi�ACQPV%('YQPXZ'*ACHxH ?hFIH@S(Th=JFIQP?¦FCD@` ì %PAL�C'yHJ'YQ(\CTh%tA^TH@'YAC?[T*�NÑ�sj$&%pS#?Â` © =@?´�PW�ACQPX�%('YVt=@Q5Th%('*QP'Z¿nT?[T['NR2s;¯°D�KO'´XZFIQ�Th=xQpS('´=@Q*Th%#=@?�K�AY�*K�'E\C'YQP'NW�A^T['ETh%P'BDGFIH@HJFLKE=@Q(\�T[Wh'N'´FCD2?hS(�PR#WhFC�#HJ'Yz*?Ys $&%(''YV(\C'Y?&HxA^�º'YHx?�=xQvTh%P=@?�T[Wh'N'7=@Q#VP=@XNA^T['¦Th%('�'YV(\C'7KE%P=@X�%~K�AC?�'Y=JTh%('NWEX�%(FI?['YQ�FCW&'Z¿�XNHxSPV('YV]ACQPVTh%('7Q(F�V('7H@A^�±'YH@?�=xQPVP=@XNA^T['¦Th%('7�±FISPQ#VUa�XZD°s u =J\IS(W�'��pihs` ÷

` ì a Ý !ONpi��¨

` { a[�NÑni¨ÂÊ ` ì a Ý !ONpi��¨` © a��pi

�"��¨

`ýÒ^a[�C��!ONpi�"�^Ê `ýÎCa , i�^Ê`�Ï^a[�NÑniÊB¨ ` Ð a[�ý9�!ONpi��ÊB¨

vB-Gâ�1 693]Bqx ¶�W�ACQPX�%�èdACQPV�èd¶�FISPQ#V�T[Wh'N'Ù(S(�PRPWhFC��HJ'Yz*?C` Ï ACQPV�` { ACH@HJF¤K|FIQPHJ�jFIQ('�T[FISPW�'YACX�%��#QPACz*'YHJ�3�¯�¦¨°�±Ê �±ZÛ�

��ACQPV£� � ÊÛ� ¨ � ZÑ� �ÁFCDfXZFI?[Tj�NÑ~'YACX�%�s�å´Q���DG'YAC?h=J��HJ'?[FIH@SPTh=JFIQ�T[FvTh%(',FCTh%('NW?hS(�#RPWhFC�#HJ'Yzy?�%#AC?BXZFI?[T´H@A^Wh\C'NWBTh%#ACQ��NÑ�s&$&%nSP?�Th%('TdK�FrT[FIS(W�?&\I=J�C'YQ¾A^�ºF¤�C',A^W�'7Th%('FIQ#HJ�FCRPTh=@zyACH(T[FIS(W�?Ns�L¦SPW�?h=@zjR�HJ'��PW�ACQPX�%*ACQPVy�ºFIS#QPVjACHJ\CFCW�=JTh%#zbXNACQ*�±'B=xzjRPWhF¤�C'YVy=@Q*A^T�HJ'YAC?[TTdK�F*K�AY��?NMAni&¶�'NT[T['NW!HJF¤KO'NW��±FISPQPV#?BVP=JW�'YXZT´Th%P'�?h'YA^W�X�%tzjFCW�'�V#=JWh'YXZThHJ��T[F¤K�A^W�VP?�FCRPTh=@zyACH ?[FIHxS(Th=JFIQP?NsÙnFvD.A^W�KO'jFIQPH@�¥z*ACV('jSP?['�FCDOTh%('jDGACXZTN��Th%PA^T�'N�C'NWh�5XN=JTd�5%PAC?´T[F]�±','YQpT['NWh'YV�ACQ#VUH@'ND0T�A^THJ'YAC?[T�FIQ#XZ'Cs�$B%('jACVPVP=JTh=JFIQ#ACH W�'YupSP=@Wh'Yzj'YQpTETh%PA^T'N�C'NWh�UXN=@Td�5=@?¦'YQ�T['NW�'YV�ACQPVtHJ'NDGT¦'Z¿�ACXZThHJ�FIQPXZ'UXZFIQP?h=@V('NW�A^�#HJ�o=@zjRPWhF¤�C'Y?*Th%('UHJFLK�'NW~�ºFIS#QPV}=@Q�z*ACQp��XNAC?['Y?Ns�å ?hFIH@S(Th=JFIQ}T[FwTh%PA^TRPWhFC��HJ'Yz�a�XNACHxHJ'YVvKO'Y=@\I%�T['YV�zyA^ThX�%P=@QP\�i�XNACQv�º'¦DGFISPQPVv=@Q~R±FIHJ��Q(FIz*=@ACH�Th=@zj'ja�XZD°s��ns Ý sO9pih²º=JTXZFIQP?h=x?[Th?�FCD;A*?['NT&FCD;XZ�nXNH@'Y?B=@QvTh%('\CW�A^R#%�sí�î�ï.ð0ñçò�ó^ô ìÂõZö�ì°÷Zö õhõ ø ñçù�îhô ìhì ô ì�ú û�{ Ï û

Page 38: Max Planck Societymehlhorn/ftp/EATCSmonograph/chapter6.pdfü ý êéþºÿdÍ ü þ È@ÍnÿdÍ ±Í $&%(']'z¿ 'yxns(th=jfiq fcd¦atx %(fi=@xz'¥=xqp?[t[w spxzth=@fiqot[w acqp?[dg'nw

9�� ü ý ê�þºÿdÍ������ë��� ü ��� þ�È@ÍNÿdÍ��±Í������if¯ÂzjRPWhF¤�n=xQ(\!Th%P'7�PW�ACQPX�%]?[T['NR2s�Ù�FjDGA^W&K�'7=@QPXNHxSPV('YV~FCW&'Z¿(XNH@SPV('YV]ACQ�A^W��#=JT[W�A^Wh�r'YV(\C'7=@QTh%('´�PW�ACQPX�%r?hT['NR2sf$&%('´=@zjRPWhF¤�C'YVrH@FLK�'NW��±FISPQ#Vy?hS(\C\C'Y?hTh?�ACQv=@z*RPWhFL�C'YV~?[T[W�A^T['N\C�Cs�$ A^�C'�AXZ��XNHJ'OFCDPzy=@QP=@z,SPz�HJ'YQP\CTh%\I=J�C'YQ,=@QTh%('�?hFIH@S(Th=JFIQT[FETh%('�z*A^ThX�%#=@Q(\´RPWhFC�#HJ'Yz ACQPV!\C'YQ('NW�A^T['?hS(�#RPWhFC�#HJ'Yzy?��n�v'Z¿�XNH@S#VP=@Q(\,FIQ('7FCD Th%('7'YV(\C'Y?BFCD Th%P'XZ�nXNH@'Cs

¶�W�ACQPX�%�ACQPVo�±FISPQPVwT['YX�%PQ#=@upSP'Y?jA^Wh']�C'NWh�lFCD0T['YQ�AtVPW�AC?[Th=@Xv=@zjR#WhFL�C'Yzj'YQpTjFIQ}R#SPWh'r'Z¿nè%PACSP?hTh=J�C'7?['YA^W�X�%�shÉ´'N�C'NWhTh%('YHJ'Y?h?Y�#=JT&=@?�'YAC?h�~T[Fr?h%(FLK Th%PA^T&FIS(WB?�=@zjR#HJ'¦A^RPRPW�FIACX�%¥?hTh=@H@H±%PAC?'Z¿�RºFIQP'YQ�Th=@ACHOW�SPQ#QP=@Q(\]Th=@z*'¾a0Üf¿�'NW�XN=@?h'U�Æ�pihs7Ü��C'YQl�PW�ACQPX�%P=xQ(\¥�n��=JTh?['YHJD&XNACQo?[FIz*'NTh=@zj'Y?��=J'YH@V~Wh'YAC?[FIQPA^��HJ'ACHJ\CFCW�=@Th%Pz*?Ns

�,ä�3n8#693n< �qx3â"ã�äE_ `�adcfehgji�åCã æ�ø�÷�øXù�ìïú�ã�ð�ä�ã�ùnû@ú�æ#òfí�æ�øfùQóDã�ä � � þºÿ åsã.ä)íHã'ü�ì+�ÿã3ñ32æ�ø ñ�ò ä)ìïî:æ�ó^��ã�úÿä�ã�ôºð�ñæ��ã�ú��{�"íHã�øbæ���ã�ú�ä�ã�ôªð�ñ���ã�úZñ32;ü�ì+�ÿã � � þºÿ ð�æ�ømåCã}2)ñC÷�øXù ìïø�ä)ìïî:ã³ja « � Û�Ä Å � gv� i;��S� �ý��� M�É´FCT['�·#W�?[T Th%PA^T�A^T�HJ'YAC?[T FIQ('�FCDPTh%('�TdK�F�'YQPV(R±FI=@QpTh?2FCD#ACQp�'YV(\C'�=@? =@Q,ACQ��FCRPTh=@z*ACHXZFL�C'NWLs�$&%P=@?O?hS(\C\C'Y?[Th?�Th%P'BDGFIH@HJFLKE=@Q(\?h=xzjR#HJ'BACH@\CFCW�=JTh%Pz]s�$ A^�C'�ACQ��*'YVP\C',a��#ehÏ�ifFCD _ ACQPV\C'YQ('NW�A^T['vT�KOFt?hS(�#RPWhFC�#HJ'Yzy?Nsv¯°Q�Th%('y·�W�?[T!?�S(�PRPWhFC��HJ'Yz®Q(F�V('y�t=@?,ACVPV('YV�T[F5Th%('rXZF¤�C'NWACQPVtACH@H;'YVP\C'Y?7=@QPXN=@VP'YQ�T¦T[F��¥A^W�'*V('YHJ'NT['YVtDGWhFIz Th%('*\CW�A^R#%�²�=@Q5Th%P'*?['YXZFIQPV�?hSP�PRPWhFC�#H@'YzQ(F�V('�Ï{=x?�ACVPV('YVjT[F7Th%P'&XZFL�C'NW�ACQPV*ACH@H�'YV(\C'Y?�=@QPXN=@V('YQpT;T[FÏmA^Wh'&V('YHJ'NT['YVjDGWhFIzÁTh%P'�\CW�A^R#%�sg´'YQ('NW�A^T['�Th%('OT[W�'N'�FCDº?hS(�PR#WhFC�#HJ'Yz*?2�PWh'YACV(Th%�è�·�W�?[TNs $B%('YQ�AET[W�'N'�FCD�V('NRPTh% � � þ±ÿ KB=@Th% « � Û�Ä ÅQ(F�V('Y?�=@?�\C'YQP'NW�A^T['YV�sf¯ÂQ]'N�C'NWh�]Q(F�V('�K�'?[R±'YQPV~Th=@zj'7A^T´zjFI?[TE³ja�� gv� ihs

$&%('NFCW�'Yz | V('Y?�XZW�=J�±'Y?ACQ}ACHJ\CFCW�=JTh%Pz KB%(FI?['~W�SPQPQ#=@Q(\�Th=@z*'~=@?,R±FIHJ��Q(FIz*=@ACHO=@QwRPWhFC�#HJ'Yz?h=J¸N'rACQPV�'Z¿�R±FIQ('YQ�Th=xACH�FIQPHJ�5=@QtTh%('~?h=J¸N'*FCD�Th%('~?[FIH@S(Th=@FIQ�syÛ´'YQPXZ'r?�SPX�%wACQ�ACHJ\CFCW�=@Th%Pz®=@?�C'NWh�5SP?['ND.SPH;=JD�K�'*��Q(FLK =@Q5ACV(�9ACQ#XZ'*Th%PA^T7Th%('jR#WhFC�#HJ'Yz =@QP?hThACQPXZ'*A^T%PACQPV5%PAC?A�?hz*ACH@H?[FIH@SPTh=JFIQ�s�å ?h=@z*=@HxA^WOR#%P'YQ(FIzj'YQ(FIQ�%PFIH@VP?�T[W�S('7DGFCWBXZ��XNHJ'XZF¤�C'NW,a0Ü�¿n'NW�XN=x?['*� , ihs

í�î�ï.ð0ñçò�ó^ô ìÂõZö�ì°÷Zö õhõ ø ñçù�îhô ìhì ô ì�ú û�{ Ð û

Page 39: Max Planck Societymehlhorn/ftp/EATCSmonograph/chapter6.pdfü ý êéþºÿdÍ ü þ È@ÍnÿdÍ ±Í $&%(']'z¿ 'yxns(th=jfiq fcd¦atx %(fi=@xz'¥=xqp?[t[w spxzth=@fiqot[w acqp?[dg'nw

������� J þ�þH� � Ò É � êIÿ.É � � J È�E � �éÉGÿ ý�� � 9 ,T U!�½U.rONCN�]ÿoz� ^Wp cSP�^)oq_ºrrH)`fof]�^YP�ghpÔj½UACQ�� �� èdXZFIzjR#H@'NT['ORPW�FC�#HJ'Yz*?2A^W�'�QPA^ThSPW�ACH@HJ�´D0FCW�z!SPHxA^T['YVAC? FCRPTh=@z*=@¸YA^Th=JFIQ7RPW�FC�#HJ'Yz*?Ns�¯°QD.ACXZTN�ITh%('�$�W�AL�C'YH@=@Q(\7Ù�ACHJ'Y?�z*ACQ,��WhFC�#H@'Yz %PACV,T[F¦�±'OA^WhTh=J·�XN=@ACH@HJ��DGFCW�z,SPH@A^T['YV,AC?�A¦H@ACQ(\ISPA^\C'Wh'YXZFC\IQP=@Th=JFIQ�RPWhFC�#H@'Yz]s;Ù�=xz*=@H@A^W�H@�C�CÙ�X�%('YVPSPHx=@Q(\B¯ÂQPV('NR±'YQPVP'YQ�T;$ AC?h�n?fXNACQ*�º'�DGFCW�z,SPH@A^T['YVjAC?ACQ]FCRPTh=xz*=J¸YA^Th=JFIQ]R#WhFC�#HJ'Yz]�(ACQPV�Th%P=@?�'N�C'YQ¥=xQvTdK�FyK�AY��?Ns1g¦=@�C'YQ�A*?['NT�� ì e#!#!#!¤e6� ¡ FCD Th=@zj'Wh'YunSP=JWh'Yz*'YQ�Th?�FCD ky¹[FC�#?�KO'7XNACQv'Y=@Th%('NW�·P¿yTh%('7QnSPz!�±'NW Ø FCD;z*ACX�%P=xQ('Y?�ACQPV]AC?[�yDGFCW�Th%('z*=@Q#=@z*ACH�V('YACVPH@=xQ('�FCWOK�'EXNACQ*·P¿jTh%('EVP'YACVPH@=@Q('&ACQ#V*AC?[�jDGFCW�Th%('´z*=@QP=@zyACH(QpSPz!�±'NWfFCD2z*A9èX�%#=@Q('Y?Ns $&%('�H@A^T[T['NW;RPWhFC�#HJ'Yz�=@? SP?hSPACHxHJ��XNACH@HJ'YV!�#=@Q7R�ACXh��=@Q(\(s;¯°Q!Th%('�RPWh'YXZ'YVP=xQ(\E?['YXZTh=@FIQ�KO'?[ThSPV#=J'YV¥V(��QPACz*=xX7RPWhFC\CW�ACz*z*=@Q(\~ACQPV¾�PW�ACQPX�%�èdACQPV�è��±FISPQPV¾ACHJ\CFCW�=JTh%#z*?BDGFCW´·�QPVP=xQ(\jFCRPTh=Àèz*ACH�?[FIHxS(Th=JFIQP?Ns�å´HJTh%(FIS(\I%vTh%P'Y?['7ACHJ\CFCW�=JTh%#z*?�KO'NW�'7zjFCWh'�'Z�rXN=J'YQpT&Th%PACQvR�S(Wh'¦'Z¿�%#ACSP?[Th=J�C'?['YA^W�X�%�Th%('Y=@W*W�SPQPQ#=@Q(\UTh=@zj'�K�AC?y?[Th=xH@H�'Z¿nR±FIQ('YQpTh=@ACH�s�¯°Ty=@?*Th%('YQ�QPA^ThSPW�ACH�T[Fw?['YA^W�X�%�DGFCWA^RPRPW�FY¿(=@z*A^Th=JFIQoACHJ\CFCW�=@Th%Pz*?,KB%P=@X�%l�n=J'YHxVlQP'YA^W�HJ��FCRPTh=xz*ACH�?[FIH@S(Th=@FIQP?!=xQlHx=JT[ThHJ'vTh=@zj'Csw¯°QÙn'YXZTh=JFIQ¥¯h¯h¯és | KO'!V('Y?hXZW�=J�±'YV]H@=xQ('YA^W�Th=@zj'ACH@\CFCW�=JTh%Pz*?&D0FCW�·ºQPVP=@Q(\jQ('YA^W�HJ�rFCR#Th=@z*ACH��#=xQPA^Wh�?['YA^W�X�%jT[Wh'N'Y?N²n=@Q,XZFIQ�T[W�AC?hTN��Th%('��±'Y?[T;��Q(FLKBQ�ACHJ\CFCW�=JTh%Pz�D0FCW�FCR#Th=@z!S#z T[W�'N'Y?f%PACVjunSPACV(W�A^Th=@XW�SPQ#QP=@Q(\rTh=@zj'Cs*$&%('*?�AY��=@Q(\I?7A^Wh'y'N�C'YQ�zjFCWh'*?�S(�#?[ThACQpTh=@ACH�=@Q5Th%('rXNAC?['*FCD �;� èdXZFIz*R#HJ'NT['RPWhFC��HJ'Yz*?Ns¾µt'vVP'Y?hXZW�=J�±'yA^RPR#WhFY¿(=@z*A^Th=JFIQlACHJ\CFCW�=@Th%Pz*?!D0FCW��^A^W�=JFISP? �;� èdXZFIz*R#HJ'NT['vRPWhFC�(èHJ'Yz*?Ys;$B%('&·#W�?[TO'Z¿(ACzjR#H@'E=@?OTh%('¦$�W�AL�C'YH@=@Q(\*Ù�ACHJ'Y?�z*ACQyR#WhFC�#HJ'Yz KB=JTh%rT[W�=@ACQ(\IH@'E=@Q('YunSPACH@=@Td�a,+v$EÙ���ihsBå �C'NWh��?h=xzjR#HJ'7ACHJ\CFCW�=JTh%Pz�ACH@K�AL�n?´RPWhF�VPSPXZ'Y?EA*T[FIS(W´FCDfHJ'YQ(\CTh%¾A^T´z*FI?[TET�KB=@XZ'Th%('�HJ'YQ(\CTh%�FCD�Th%('�FCRPTh=@z,SPz�T[FIS(WYs ¯°Tf%PAC?;W�SPQPQ#=@Q(\&Th=@z*'&³*a�k © ihs�åEQ�=@z*RPWhFL�C'YVjACH@\CFCW�=JTh%PzKB=JTh%�W�SPQPQP=xQ(\rTh=xzj'~³ja�k ú i´ACHJK�AY��?�·�Q#VP?7A�T[FISPWFCD&HJ'YQ(\CTh%�A^T!zjFI?[T 9 ¬ « Th%P'yHJ'YQ(\CTh%�FCDTh%('jFCRPTh=xz!SPz�T[FIS(WLs'É´F]�±'NT[T['NWA^RPRPW�FY¿(=@z*A^Th=JFIQ5ACHJ\CFCW�=@Th%Pz D0FCW�+]$EÙn� =@?´��Q(FLKEQ�s!¯°T7=@?SP?['ND.SPHºT[Fy=@QpT[WhF�VPSPXZ'7?[FIz*'ACVPVP=JTh=@FIQPACHºT['NW�z*=@Q(FIH@FC\C�~A^T&Th%#=@?�R±FI=@Q�TNs

~ 3��;Ü -0Þ¤-G8�Ü�� Ú 'NTva�k�e�¨�iE�±'rA¥RºFIH@�nQ(FIzy=@ACH;�±FISPQPV('YV�zy=@QP=@z*=@¸YA^Th=JFIQ5RPWhFC�#H@'Yz]� =xQtR#A^W[èTh=@XNSPHxA^W�kÄ�þf Ó � f Ó ACQPV Ë M�f Ó �¨f Ó � É a�XZD°sm�ns « ihs�åEQ{ACHJ\CFCW�=JTh%#z¦���KB%#=@X�%XZFIzjR#SPT['Y?BA*z*A^R#R#=@Q(\B» � Mf Ó � f Ó D0WhFIz RPWhFC�#HJ'YzÆ=xQP?[ThACQPXZ'Y?�T[FyD0'YAC?h=@�#HJ'7?[FIH@SPTh=JFIQP?N�(=@?A��Pã�á&�¬� 6¤8���-.<�áPÞL3�á#+Gâ#8�69-0Þ¤ä <Ä=JD

Ë aR`Pe�» � aR`Pi[i24 Ë aR`Pe�» Û�Ä ÅZaR`(i[iË aR`Pe�» Û�Ä ÅZaR`(i[i ¥�³ºa Ë aR`Pe�» Û�Ä Å aR`Pi[i[i

DGFCWy'N�C'NWh��R#WhFC�#HJ'Yz�=xQP?[ThACQPXZ'O`#s|ÛE'NW�'7» Û�Ä Å�M f Ó � f Ó z*A^R#?r=@QP?[ThACQ#XZ'Y?yT[FwFCRPTh=@z*ACH?[FIH@SPTh=JFIQP?�ACQPV}³vM ɯ� � =@?�?hFIzj'7D.SPQPXZTh=JFIQ�s

¯ÂQoTh%P=@?�T['NW�z*=xQ(FIHJFC\C�C��K�'�V('Y?hXZW�=J�±'YVlAr³±a ³ ij`�a « ¬ ³ i�èdA^RPR#WhFY¿(=@z*A^T['UACHJ\CFCW�=JTh%Pz�DGFCW*FCR(èTh=@z,SPz ?h'YA^W�X�%mT[Wh'N'Y?v=@QÃÙn'YXZTh=JFIQ{¯h¯h¯és | ACQPV{KB=@H@H�VP'Y?hXZW�=J�±'¥A¡³ºa ³ i]` ÑC!ON¤èdA^RPRPWhFL¿�=xz*A^T['ACHJ\CFCW�=@Th%Pz§D0FCWK+v$EÙn��=xQ��ns Ý s@�^s$B%('�?�=JThSPA^Th=JFIQ,=@? 'N�C'YQ��±'NT[T['NW DGFCWOÙ�X�%('YVPSPH@=xQ(\&¯ÂQPV('NR±'YQPV('YQpT $ AC?[��? KE%('YQ,KO'�K�ACQ�T;T[Fz*=@Q#=@z*=J¸N'¦Th%(',V('YACVPH@=@QP'CsOµt'�V('Y?hXZW�=@�º'7ACQwa[� ¬ 9pi�èdA^RPRPWhFL¿�=xz*A^T['*ACHJ\CFCW�=JTh%#zÆKB=JTh%¥W�SPQPQP=xQ(\Th=@zj'¥³*a�k�HJFC\Ok i¦·#W�?hT�ACQ#VoTh%('YQ}=@zjRPW�FL�C'�=JT�T[F�ACQ ®[èdA^RPRPWhFL¿�=@zyA^T['�ACHJ\CFCW�=JTh%Pz�DGFCWyACQp�®��mÑ�s&$B%('7W�SPQ#QP=@Q(\�Th=@zj'FCD�Th%('5®ÂèdA^R#RPWhFY¿(=@z*A^T[',ACHJ\CFCW�=JTh%#z�=@?E³*a�k�HJFC\Ok~­ Ø Ã Ö�� ì Ä ¨T� ih�AjR±FIHJ��Q(FIz*=@ACHº=@Q]k5DGFCWBACQp�r·#¿n'YV�®Ysí�î�ï.ð0ñçò�ó^ô ìÂõZö�ì°÷Zö õhõ ø ñçù�îhô ìhì ô ì�ú û�{hõ°û

Page 40: Max Planck Societymehlhorn/ftp/EATCSmonograph/chapter6.pdfü ý êéþºÿdÍ ü þ È@ÍnÿdÍ ±Í $&%(']'z¿ 'yxns(th=jfiq fcd¦atx %(fi=@xz'¥=xqp?[t[w spxzth=@fiqot[w acqp?[dg'nw

| Ñ ü ý ê�þºÿdÍ������ë��� ü ��� þ�È@ÍNÿdÍ��±Í����~ 3��;Ü -0Þ¤-G8�Ü��yå �f8�+D��Ü 8�<l-Gá#+�Þ¤-.<w3|á&�½� 698���-.<wá(Þ¤-G8�ܧßLà9ä 3n<w3lD0FCW~A�z*=xQP=@z*=J¸YA^Th=@FIQRPWhFC��HJ'Yz�a�k�e Ë i�ThA^�C'Y?,RPWhFC�#H@'Yz =@QP?hThACQPXZ'Y?É`5ACQPV�R±'NWhD0FCW�z*ACQPXZ'y\IS#A^W�ACQ�T['N'Y?�® � ÑUACQPVWh'NThS(W�QP?;®[èdA^RPRPWhFL¿�=@zyA^T[',?[FIHxS(Th=JFIQP?Ns u FCW�ACQ��]·#¿n'YV7®K��ÑrTh%('W�S#QPQP=@Q(\jTh=xzj',=x?&�±FISPQPV('YV�n�~AjR±FIHJ��Q(FIz*=xACH�=@Q¥=@QP?[ThACQPXZ'7?�=J¸N'Cs$&%(']ACHJ\CFCW�=JTh%Pz Wh'NDG'NWhWh'YVoT[F�A^�±F¤�C'¥=@?jA5R±FIHJ��Q(FIz*=@ACHOTh=@zj'�A^RPR#WhFY¿(=@z*A^Th=JFIQ}?�X�%('Yzj']DGFCWÙn¯Â$�a Ø ih��Ù�X�%('YV#SPH@=@Q(\v¯ÂQPV('NR±'YQPV('YQpT$ AC?[��?FIQ Ø z*ACX�%P=@Q('Y?Ns]ŦQ(DGFCWhThSPQPA^T['YH@�C� Th%('~XZFIz�èR#HJ'Z¿(=JT��jFCD�Th%('¦ACHJ\CFCW�=JTh%#z =x?OQ(FCT�?[F,\CFnFnVvAC?�A,DGS#QPXZTh=JFIQrFCD�� ¬ ®Nsf¯ÂQn�ns Ý sO9,KO'¦V('Y?hXZW�=J�±'EACQACHJ\CFCW�=@Th%PzbDGFCW�Th%('¦KO'Y=J\I%pT['YV�ò7QPA^R#?�ACXh�*RPW�FC�#HJ'Yz KB%(FI?['EW�SPQPQP=xQ(\�Th=@zj'¦=@?ORºFIH@�nQ(FIzy=@ACHP=@Q=@QP?hThACQPXZ'7?h=J¸N'7ACQPV�� ¬ ®N�#AjD.SPH@HºR±FIHJ��Q(FIz*=@ACH±A^RPR#WhFY¿(=@z*A^Th=JFIQ]?�X�%('Yzj'Cs~ 3��;Ü -0Þ¤-G8�Ü��yå|R±FIHJ��Q(FIz*=@ACH(Th=xzj'EA^RPR#WhFY¿(=@z*A^Th=JFIQr?hX�%P'Yzj'´=x? - 1 +.+�=JD�=JTh?OW�SPQ#QP=@Q(\�Th=@z*'E=@?�±FISPQPV('YVr�n�PÖ a�k;eY� ¬ ®Nih��A�R±FIHJ��Q(FIz*=@ACHº=@Q]=@QPR#S(T�?h=J¸N'�ktACQPVvR±'NWhDGFCW�z*ACQPXZ'¦\ISPA^W�ACQpT['N'5®Ys

T U!�½UWVXU.rONCN�]ÿoz� ^Wp cSP�^)oq_ºrrH)`fof]�^YP�ghpÔj��Íof]�P�g i YO½wFµt'�?[ThA^WhTvKB=@Th%mAo?h=xzjR#HJ'UACQPVm'Z�rXN=J'YQpT5�éèdA^R#RPWhFY¿(=@z*A^T['�ACH@\CFCW�=JTh%Pz>DGFCW~Th%P'5$ W�AL�C'YH@=@Q(\Ù�ACHJ'Y?�z*ACQ]��W�FC�#HJ'YzÆKB=@Th%]T[W�=@ACQ(\IH@'7=@Q('YunSPACH@=JT��C�(Th%('FIQPXZ'ZèdA^W�FISPQPV�èdA9èdHJ'YAC?hTÂèdXZFI?[TÂèd?[R#ACQPQ#=@Q(\^èT[Wh'N'ACH@\CFCW�=JTh%Pz]s

Ú 'NT G^ÉD�éÿ MH� ÑS!#!#!ékZ4���$ © � � �±'7ACQ¾=@QP?[ThACQPXZ'�FCD�+v$´Ùn�&�#=�s�'CsJ� G^Éþ�Zÿ a)([e� �i�` G^ÉD�éÿ a/ Ie�(ÂiACQPV G^ÉD�éÿ a)([e� (i�­ G^Éþ�Zÿ a/ Ce�q#i ª G^ÉD�éÿ a)([e�q#ijDGFCW]ACH@H;(he� }ACQPV�q�s µt'�S#?['7¨ Û�Ä Å*T[F}V('YQ(FCT['Th%('jHJ'YQ(\CTh%5FCD�ACQtFCRPTh=@zyACH $ W�AL�C'YH@=@Q(\¥Ù�ACHJ'Y?�z*ACQ5T[FIS(WYs!µt'yXNACQtV('Z·�Q('jAvQ('NT�KOFCWh��8�`adcfehg*e Ë i�D0WhFIz G^ÉD�éÿ =xQ�ArQ#A^ThS(W�ACH2K�AY�ºMEc�`�ÎLÑ�e#!#!#!Lehk�4{�9ÒI�±gb` c �5c§ACQPV Ë a)(he� �i�`G^ÉD�éÿ a)([e� (i�DGFCW¦ACH@Hq([e� Ps Ú 'NT,adc�e�¿i��±'ArHJ'YAC?[TEXZFI?hT´?[R�ACQPQP=@Q(\jT[W�'N'FCDC8w²º=JTEXNACQ¥�±'7DGFISPQPV�n�¾Th%('rzj'NTh%(F�VP?�FCDBÙn'YXZTh=JFIQ | s �ns~$�W�'N'¥adc�e�¿iE\I=J�C'Y?W�=@?['�T[F¾A�T[FIS(Wya�Q(FCTQP'YXZ'Y?h?hA^W�=@H@�UA$ W�AY�C'YH@=xQ(\¥Ù�ACHJ'Y?hz*ACQ5T[FISPWNi&KB%P=@X�%5SP?['Y?¦'N�C'NWh�U'YV(\C'jFCD/¿�TdKB=@XZ'Cs�µt'*FIQ#HJ�¥%PAL�C'*T[F�W�SPQA^WhFISPQ#V�Th%('~T[Wh'N'~FIQPXZ'CsU$B%P=@?�T[FIS(WjXNACQl�±'y?h%(FCW�T['YQ('YV�T[FtAU$�W�AY�C'YH@=@QP\5Ù�ACHJ'Y?�z*ACQ�$ FIS(W�n��=@QpT[WhFnV#SPXN=@Q(\U?h%(FCWhThXNS(Th?Ys�$&%('v?h%(FCWhThXNS(Th?�V(FtQ(FCTj=@Q#XZWh'YAC?['~Th%(']XZFI?[Tj�±'YXNACSP?['~FCDBTh%('T[W�=@ACQP\IHJ'�=@Q('YunSPACH@=JT��CsÊ�2á#<w� +G3H�;É´'NTdK�FCWh�h8®FCD u =J\IS(Wh' , %PAC?�ACQvFCRPTh=xz*ACH±$�W�AL�C'YH@=@Q(\rÙ(ACHJ'Y?hz*ACQ~T[FIS(W�FCD;XZFI?[T¨ Û�Ä Å!` �ns5¯°T,=x?!?h%PFLKBQlKB=J\C\IH@'YV�s¾$&%P'~z*=xQP=@z,SPz®XZFI?[Tj?[R#ACQ#QP=@Q(\�T[W�'N'~W�=J\I%�T,FCDB=JT,%PAC?XZFI?[T | s

Z ¨

�9

�9«

«8 `¯9

�

¨Z�

«

vB-Gâ�1 693][qx É´'NTdK�FCWh��ACQPV¥z*=@QP=@z,SPz ?[R#ACQPQ#=@Q(\�T[Wh'N'í�î�ï.ð0ñçò�ó^ô ìÂõZö�ì°÷Zö õhõ ø ñçù�îhô ìhì ô ì�ú û�ú�÷°û

Page 41: Max Planck Societymehlhorn/ftp/EATCSmonograph/chapter6.pdfü ý êéþºÿdÍ ü þ È@ÍnÿdÍ ±Í $&%(']'z¿ 'yxns(th=jfiq fcd¦atx %(fi=@xz'¥=xqp?[t[w spxzth=@fiqot[w acqp?[dg'nw

�������D>@� J þIþH� � Ò É � êCÿ.É � � J È E � ��É.ÿ ý�� � �#� �ÿ ý ÍnA|¹s� | �¯°T�\I=J�C'Y?�W�=@?h'~T[FtA5T[FIS(W�a.FIQ#XZ'�A^WhFISPQPVlTh%('vT[Wh'N'^i5�!eaÊ~e��e�¨¦eaZ¥e�¨´e�� FCD´HJ'YQ(\CTh%¨�

KB%P=xX�%¥XNACQU�±'?h%PFCWhT['YQ('YV¾T[F~A~$�W�AY�C'YH@=@QP\vÙ�ACHJ'Y?�z*ACQ¾$ FIS(W��eaÊ~e�¨´eaZ¾e���FCDfH@'YQ(\CTh% Ý AC??h%(F¤KBQ�=@Q u =J\ISPWh'j�NÑ�sÉ´FLK K�'V('Y?�XZW�=J�±'ETh%P'V('NThAC=@H@?�FCD;Th%('!A^RPRPWhFL¿�=@zyA^Th=JFIQ]ACHJ\CFCW�=JTh%#z]s� 3n<l<�á 8yxBâ ã�ä G^Éþ�Zÿ åsã�æ�ø7ìïøyüýäWæ�øXð�ã'ñ32�+¡�C0��7fó?ã�ä=8 `§adc�ehgye Ë i5åCãBä)íHã'æ�ü�ü�ñsð�ìþæCä�ã�ùøHã�ä ê"ñÿúTEÁ7%æ�øXù.óDã�ä�adc�e�¿i�åsãæ�óDã�æ�üýäSð�ñ�ü�ähü�òqæ�ø&øyìïøCûnä0ú�ã#ã�ñ32�8��^�"íHã�ø

¨*a?¿7i ` XÚ Á � Ë a��^i¶¥�¨ Û�Ä Å�eêhíHã�ú�ã\¨ Û�Ä Å¶ìïü�ä)íHãóDã�øsûyä)íQñ32 æ�øQñ�ò ä)ìïî3æ�óI�&ú�æ���ã�óïìïøCû�0sæ�ó?ã�ü�î3æ�ø��%ñC÷�ú���S� �ý��� M&å´Q~FCRPTh=@z*ACH±$ W�AY�C'YH@=xQ(\jÙ(ACHJ'Y?hz*ACQ~T[FIS(W�z*=@QnSP?�ACQ��r'YV(\C'�=@?�A,?hR#ACQPQP=@QP\T[Wh'N'�ACQPV%PAC?�Th%P'NWh'ND0FCW�'XZFI?[TBA^TBH@'YAC?[T¨ja?¿ihså ?['YunS('YQPXZ'�W ` � ÷ eh� ì e#!#!#!Leh� Ö�� ì eh� ÷ =@?�A T[FIS(WlFCD�8 =JDta���µ[eh��µ � ì i��Äg D0FCWoACH@H(vACQPVÁc ` ÎL� ÷ eh� ì e#!#!#!¤eh� Ö�� ì ÒI�,=�s�'CsJ�!'N�C'NWh� Q(FnVP'w=@?¾�n=x?h=JT['YV�s ¯�Th?UXZFI?[Tt=@?,¨ja,WOiw`] Öµ Æ ÷ Ë a���µ[eh� à µ � ì Ä ù�ò% Ö ihsf¯°T&=@?&Aj$ W�AY�C'YHx=@Q(\~Ù�ACH@'Y?hz*ACQvT[FIS(WB=@D Ø `���c~�Ês

Ú 'NTBadcfe�¿7i �±'&A!?[R#ACQPQP=xQ(\¦T[Wh'N'BFCD:8ws�$&%('&FIQPXZ'ZèdA^W�FISPQPV�è�Th%('Zè�T[W�'N'ET[FIS(W�Wt=@?�V('Z·�Q('YVAC?¦DGFIH@HJFLKE?Ns Ú 'NTj°v�oc �º'�A^Wh�#=@T[W�A^Wh�Cs¯°D�cÆ`§Î�°pÒ*Th%('YQ�WmXZFIQP?h=@?hTh?¦FCDOQ(F�V('�°yFIQ#HJ�Cs¯°D��c~�8�b�!Th%('YQ5HJ'NT° ì e#!#!#!Lea° ¢ �±'!Th%P'�QP'Y=J\I%��±FIS(WEFCD=°*=xQwadcfe�¿7iBACQPVUHJ'NT"WXµO�º',Th%(',FIQPXZ'ZèA^WhFISPQ#V�è�Th%('Zè�T[Wh'N'�T[FIS(W�?´FCDfTh%P'�?�S(�PT[Wh'N'Y?´WhFnFCT['YV5A^T�°�µ[s�$&%('YQ(W�`M°aW ì °aW © °¶!#!#!;°aW ¢ °ns¦¯�T=@?�'YAC?h��T[F¾?['N'rTh%PA^TXW|XNACQw�º'rXZFIQP?[T[W�SPXZT['YVl=@Q�Th=@zj'~³*a�k iEDGWhFIz adcfe�¿7iE�n��V('NRPTh%�·#W�?[T?['YA^W�X�%�s� 3n<l<�áÔÓfx3â"ã�äadc�e�¿7i åCã'ænó?ã�æ�üýä�ð�ñ�üýäMü òqæ�ø&ø&ìïøsû7ä0ú�ã#ã3ñ32@8Øæ�øXù�óDã�ä>Wdåsã.ä)íHã�ñ�øXð�ã�­æ�ú�ñC÷�øfù­�ä)íHã�­�ä0ú�ã#ã ä�ñC÷�úñ32½¿É� �"íHã�ø�¨*a,WOi�¥ « ��¨ Û�Ä Å%��S� �ý��� M;¨*a,WOi¶¥ « ��¨ja?¿7i�?h=@QPXZ'7'N�C'NW���'YV(\C',FCD"¿�=@?ESP?['YV�T�KB=@XZ',=@Q]W�ACQPV£¨*a?¿7i/¥°¨ Û�Ä Å�n� Ú 'Yz*z*A��^s

� 3n<l<�á��fx:â"ã�ä�W åCãPæ£ä�ñC÷�úPñ32I8��~�"íHã�ø§ä)íHã�ú�ã5ìïü�æ)�&ú�æ���ã�óïìïøCûO0sæ�óDã�ü�î:æ�øwä�ñC÷�ú5ñ32I8ñ32�ð�ñ�üýä/æCähî.ñ�üýä/¨ja,W�i;��S� �ý��� M Ú 'NTKW�`�� ÷ eh� ì e#!#!#!Yeh� Ö�� ì eh� ÷ sO¯�D Ø ` ��cr��Th%('YQ�Th%('NW�'=@?&Q(FCTh%#=@Q(\jT[F*�±'7?h%(F¤KBQ�sL´Th%('NW�KB=@?['¦Th%('NWh'!z!SP?hT��º'7AyHJ'YAC?[T= P�#?hAY�~ ÷ �#?hS#X�%]Th%PA^TBTh%('NWh'=@?�ACQQ(h¸� yKB=JTh%]��µ `�� � s��FIQP?�=@V('NWOW;��`Ã� ÷ eh� ì e#!#!#!¤eh� � � ì eh� ��� ì e#!#!#!Leh� Ö�� ì eh� ÷ s�µt'!%PAL�C'

¨ja,W � i `m¨ja,WOi½4 Ë a�� � � ì eh� � iq4 Ë a�� � eh� ��� ì i±­ Ë a�� � � ì eh� ��� ì i�¥ª¨ja,WOihe?h=@Q#XZ' G^ÉD�éÿ ACQPVw%('YQPXZ' Ë ?hA^Th=@?[·#'Y?7Th%('rT[W�=@ACQ(\IH@'y=@Q('YunSPACH@=JT��Cs]$&%pS#?�W;��%PAC?XZFI?hT,A^T�zjFI?[T¨ja,W�i ACQPVjFIQ('EQ(FnVP'&HJ'Y?h?�Th%PACQ@W�s;�B'NR±'YA^T['YVyA^R#R#H@=@XNA^Th=JFIQ�F�*]Th%('EXZFIQP?[T[W�SPXZTh=@FIQjRPWhF�VPSPXZ'Y?A*$ W�AY�C'YHx=@Q(\rÙ�ACHJ'Y?�z*ACQvT[FIS(WYsí�î�ï.ð0ñçò�ó^ô ìÂõZö�ì°÷Zö õhõ ø ñçù�îhô ìhì ô ì�ú û�úZì�û

Page 42: Max Planck Societymehlhorn/ftp/EATCSmonograph/chapter6.pdfü ý êéþºÿdÍ ü þ È@ÍnÿdÍ ±Í $&%(']'z¿ 'yxns(th=jfiq fcd¦atx %(fi=@xz'¥=xqp?[t[w spxzth=@fiqot[w acqp?[dg'nw

| « ü ý ê�þºÿdÍ������ë��� ü ��� þ�È@ÍNÿdÍ��±Í����µt'?hS#z*z*A^W�=J¸N'CM�,ä�3n8#693n<á8Hx)�"í%ã�ú�ã;ìïü�æ�ø��Æ­)æ#ò&òXú�ñ�ôCìïî:æCä�ã�³ja�k © i�æ�ó+û�ñÿú�ì�ä)í&îå20ñÿú�+¡�I0���yíHã�ú�ãEk7ìïü�ä)íHãøX÷�î.åsã�ú;ñ32�ð�ìWä)ìDã�üÆ��S� �ý��� M&å HJ'YAC?[TrXZFI?[Ty?[R#ACQ#QP=@Q(\5T[Wh'N'¥XNACQ��±']D0FISPQ#V}=@Q}Th=@zj'¾³*a�k © i�n�lTh%P'�Wh'Y?hSPH@Th?�FCDÙn'YXZTh=JFIQ | s �nsO$&%('�W�'Y?[T�FCD;Th%('7XZFIQP?[T[W�S#XZTh=JFIQ]ThA^�C'Y?ETh=@zj'!³ja�k ihs¯ÂQ�Th%('ZÜ�SPXNH@=@VP=xACQ�XNAC?['vK�'vXNACQ}VPF¾'N�C'YQo�±'NT[T['NWYs�$&%P':Ü�SPXNH@=@VP=xACQ�$ W�AY�C'YH@=xQ(\tÙ(ACHJ'Y?hz*ACQRPWhFC��HJ'Yzb=@?�AC?�DGFIH@HJFLKE?Nsfk¥XN=JTh=@'Y?�=xQyTh%('¦R#HxACQ(' �´©EA^W�'´\I=@�C'YQ�sf$&%('¦VP=@?[ThACQ#XZ'E�±'NTdK�'N'YQvTdK�FXN=JTh=J'Y?O=@?�Th%(';ÜOSPXNHx=@VP=@ACQ�VP=@?hThACQPXZ'Cs;¯°Qv��%PA^RPT['NW/zE¯h¯ K�'BKB=@HxH(?['N'BTh%PA^T/ÜOSPXNHx=@VP=@ACQ�HJ'YAC?[T�XZFI?[T?[R#ACQ#QP=@Q(\,T[Wh'N'Y?BXNACQ¥�±'´DGFISPQPV¥=@QvTh=@zj'!³*a�k�HJFC\�k ihs

�,ä�3n8#693n< Ófx)�"í%ã�ú�ãZìïü.æ�ø~�Æ­)æ#ò&òfú�ñ�ôsìïî3æCä�ãU³ja�k�HJFC\�k i æ�ó+û�ñÿú�ìWä)í&î 2)ñÿú7ä)íHã@��÷�ð�óïì0ù�ìDæ�ø�C0�[��S� �ý��� M;L´�n��=JFISP?�DGWhFIzÆTh%('V#=@?hXNSP?h?�=JFIQvA^�ºF¤�C'Cs��ACQ5K�'*=@zjRPW�FL�C'j$&%('NFCWh'Yz � Ú Ú 'Yz*z*A « =x?�A^T�Th%('j%('YA^WhT�FCD�Th%('*A^�±FL�C'*XZFIQP?[T[W�SPXZTh=JFIQ�s¯°TyACH@?[F�?�S(\C\C'Y?[Th?~ACQ�=@zjR#WhFL�C'Yzj'YQpTNs|$&%('NWh'�=x?yACQ(FCTh%('NWrK�AL�}FCD¦�n=@?�SPACH@=J¸Y=@QP\UTh%P'�FIQPXZ'ZèA^WhFISPQ#V�è�Th%('Zè�T[Wh'N',T[FIS(WYs Ú 'NT�adcfe�¿7i��º',AvHJ'YAC?[T¦XZFI?[T�?[R#ACQPQP=xQ(\*T[Wh'N'Cs¦¯°DfFIQ('�V(W�AYKE?B'N�C'NWh�'YV(\C'rFCDS¿ ÿ � É�Ç�Í Th%('YQwKO'rFC�PThAC=@QwAnÜOSPH@'NW�=@ACQt\CW�A^R�%�� =�s�'CsJ��A¥\CW�A^R#%tKB%P'NWh'*'N�C'NWh��QPFnV('%PAC?'N�C'YQwV('N\CW�'N'Cs¾Ù�SPX�%wA�\CW�A^R�%�%PAC?!ARÜOS#HJ'NW�=@ACQ5T[FIS(WL� =�s�'CsJ��A¥T[FIS(WKB%#=@X�%�S#?['Y?7'N�C'NWh�'YV(\C'~a.FCD 'Z¿�R#ACQPVP'YV�\CW�A^R#%�i�'Z¿�ACXZThH@�]FIQPXZ'C²ºXZD°s&Ü�¿n'NW�XN=x?['y� | sSÜOSPH@'NW�=@ACQvT[FIS(W�?E=@QnÜ�SPHJ'NW�=@ACQ\CW�A^R#%#?EXNACQU�±'!XZFIQP?hT[W�SPXZT['YVt=@Q¾H@=@Q('YA^WETh=@zj'Cs´µt',ThSPW�Q('YVladc�e�¿7i&=@QpT[FvA3Ü�SPHJ'NW�=@ACQ¥\CW�A^R#%�n��V(FIS(�#H@=xQ(\j'N�C'NWh��'YV(\C',ACQPV¾Th%pSP?´V(FIS(��H@=@Q(\jTh%(',XZFI?[TNsBÛ´'YQPXZ',KO',KB=@HxH�FC�PThAC=@Q¾Ay�±'NT[T['NWA^RPRPW�FY¿(=@z*A^Th=JFIQ]ACHJ\CFCW�=JTh%Pz D0FCWK+v$EÙn��=@D�K�'¦·�QPVvAjX�%('YA^R±'NWEK�AL�rFCD ThS(W�QP=xQ(\~adcfe�¿7iO=xQ�T[FA�ÜOS#HJ'NW�=@ACQ�\CW�A^R�%�s Ú 'NT�c ÛT��� �±'�Th%('&?['NTfFCD�Q(F�V('Y?;FCD±FnV#VjV('N\CWh'N'B=@Q]adcfe�¿7ihs/L¦QP'�?hFIH@S(Th=JFIQ=@?´T[F�\I=J�C'j'Z¿(ACXZThHJ�5Th%('jQ(F�V('Y?�=@Q�c ÛT�%� ACQ�ACVPVP=@Th=JFIQPACH 'YV(\C'Csj$&%P=@?¦=@?¦R±FI?h?�=J�#HJ',?h=@QPXZ'�Th%('XNA^W�VP=xQPACH@=JT��*FCD�c ÛT�%� =@?�'N�C'YQ2s�$&%('NWh'NDGFCWh'7AjHJ'YAC?hT&XZFI?[TBz*A^ThX�%P=@Q(\jFCDfc Û���� KB=@H@H�ThS(W�Qtadcfe�¿7i=@QpT[F*A�ÜOS#HJ'NW�=@ACQ~\CW�A^R#%2s

Ê�2á#<w� +G3H�E¯ÂQ*FIS(WORPWh'N��=JFISP?�'Z¿(ACzjR#H@'C��c ÛT��� ` Î�Ê~eaZ�ÒIsfå´VPVP=xQ(\�'YV(\C'!aRÊ~eaZ¥i ThS(W�QP?�Th%('?[R#ACQ#QP=@Q(\�T[Wh'N',=@Q�T[FrABÜOS#HJ'NW�=@ACQv\CW�A^R�%�sO¯°TB\I=@�C'Y?&W�=@?h'7T[FrAjT[FISPW�!eaÊ~eaZ¥e�¨´e���FCD;XZFI?hT�n�Th%('�FCRPTh=xz!SPz�s

~ 3��;Ü -0Þ¤-G8�Ü�� Ú 'NTe8 ` adc�ehgye Ë i��±'´ACQvSPQPV#=JWh'YXZT['YVyQP'NTdK�FCWh��sOå àI8º<��;+G3�ÞL3]<wá(ÞLà^ä -.Ü â=@?!A¥?['NT � � g FCD�'YV(\C'Y?�?hSPX�%�Th%PA^T�� �Æ��` ��cv� ¬ « ACQPV�QPF¥TdK�FU'YV(\C'Y?�=@Q�� ?h%#A^Wh'rAXZFIz*zjFIQ�'YQPV(R±FI=@QpTNsf$&%('�XZFI?[TBFCD"� =@?=¨ja Ø i ` ] Ú Á ¼ Ë a��^ihsí�î�ï.ð0ñçò�ó^ô ìÂõZö�ì°÷Zö õhõ ø ñçù�îhô ìhì ô ì�ú û�ú © û

Page 43: Max Planck Societymehlhorn/ftp/EATCSmonograph/chapter6.pdfü ý êéþºÿdÍ ü þ È@ÍnÿdÍ ±Í $&%(']'z¿ 'yxns(th=jfiq fcd¦atx %(fi=@xz'¥=xqp?[t[w spxzth=@fiqot[w acqp?[dg'nw

�������D>@� J þIþH� � Ò É � êCÿ.É � � J È E � ��É.ÿ ý�� � �#� �ÿ ý ÍnA|¹s� | 9� 3n<l<�át�2xBâ"ã�ä G^ÉD�éÿ åsãhæ�ø'ìïø&ü�äWæ�øXð�ãhñ32Z+¡�C0o�7æ�øXù\óDã�äÁ8 ` adcfehg*e Ë i�åsãSä)íHã/æ�ü�ü�ñsð�ìþæCä�ã�ùøHã�ä ê"ñÿúTE�� â"ã�ä�adcfe�¿7i'åsã'ænóDã�æ�ü�äð�ñ�üýäMü�òqæ�øyø&ìïøCû,ä0ú�ã#ã�ñ32@8 æ�øXù�ó?ã�äBc ÛT�%� åsã:ä)íHã'ü�ã�äñ32øHñsùCã�ü=ñ32hñCùyùnùCã�û@ú�ã#ã�ìïøtadcfe�¿7i;�Anit� 8 ÛT�%� �Cìþü=ã3��ã�ø:���i)� íHã.ü�÷&å�ø%ã�ä�ê ñÿúTE ñ32Â8áìþøXù%÷�ð�ã�ùºå#õmc ÛT�%� íyæ�ü:æ´ð�ñ�îPòfóDã�ä�ãRî3æCäÍðÍí&ìþøCûw� ñ325ð�ñ�üýä¨ Û�Ä Å ¬ « �

�S� �ý��� M&Ani Ú 'NTBV('N\ � a��(i��±'�Th%('!V('N\CWh'N'7FCD;�r=xQtadc�e�¿7ihsO$&%('YQ« �p� ¿��I` X

� Á�� VP'N\ � a��Pi;` X� Áa���,��� V('N\ � a��(i±­ X

� Á�� � ���,��� VP'N\ � a��Pi�!$&%nSP? ] ÎLV('N\ � a��(ih²´�*�Uc ÛT�%� Ò!=x?�'N�C'YQ¥ACQPV]%P'YQPXZ'~��c ÛT��� ��z,SP?[T��±'�'N�C'YQ�s��i Ú 'NTB� ÷ eh� ì e#!#!#!Leh� ¡ � ì eh� ÷ �±'7A*$�W�AY�C'YH@=@QP\rÙ�ACHJ'Y?hz*ACQ�T[FIS(WBFCD;XZFI?[T�¨ Û�Ä Å�s u S(WhTh%P'NW�zjFCWh'C�HJ'NT&� µ Ë eh� µ Ì e#!#!#!¤eh� µ Ì � �±'�Th%('7Q(F�V('Y?&=@Q¥c ÛT�%� ² ��c ÛT�%� �C` « q�ACQPVn( ì ¸ ( © ¸°!#!#!y¸ ( © ¢ s�$&%('YQ� ì `�Î�a)( © � � ì e�( © � ih²!��¥ :¥|q#Ò!ACQ#V�� © `�Î�a)( © � e�( © ��� ì ih²,��¥ 3¸�q#Ò1ì¾Î�a)( © ¢ e�( ì i[Ò,A^Wh'TdK�FyXZFIzjR�HJ'NT['z*A^ThX�%P=@Q(\I?BFCD�c ÛT�%� s�å´H@?[F

¨ja)� ì i±­ ¨ja)� © i;`© ¢ � ìX� Æ ì Ë a���µ ÿ eh��µ ÿ�� Ë iº­ Ë a���µ Ì �peh��µ Ë i

¥ ¡ � ìX È Æ ì Ë a�� È eh� à È+� ì Ä ù�ò% ¡ i;`m¨ Û�Ä Å�!$&%('7=xQ('YupS#ACH@=JTd�yD0FIH@H@FLKB?�DGWhFIzÆTh%P'�T[W�=@ACQ(\IHJ'7=xQ('YupS#ACH@=JTd�Cs"É´FCT['Th%PA^T

Ë a���µ ÿ eh��µ ÿ�� Ë i�¥ Ë a���µ ÿ eh��µ ÿ � ì iº­§�����^­ Ë a���µ ÿ�� Ë � ì eh��µ ÿ�� Ë i�n�rTh%('T[W�=@ACQ(\IHJ'�=@QP'YupSPACHx=JTd�Cs�Û´'YQPXZ'z*=xQºa�¨*a)� ì ihe�¨ja)� © i[i�¥�¨ Û�Ä Å ¬ « s�,ä�3n8#693n< �fx)�"íHã�ú�ãQìïüRæ��æ���Ü­)æ#ò&òXú�ñ�ôsìïî3æCä�ã�³*a�k { i:æ�ó+û�ñÿú�ìWä)íyî 2)ñÿú�+¡�C0o���,k ìïü,ä)íHãøX÷�î.åsã�ú;ñ32�ð�ìWä)ìDã�üÆ��S� �ý��� M&å HJ'YAC?[TEXZFI?[TB?[R#ACQ#QP=@Q(\�T[Wh'N'yadcfe�¿7iOXNACQ¥�±'�D0FISPQ#V]=@Q]Th=@zj'!³*a�k © ihs���H@'YA^W�HJ�vc ÛT�%�XNACQmTh%('YQm�±'¾'Z¿�T[W�ACXZT['YV�=@Q{Th=@zj'�³ja�k ihsÁå HJ'YAC?[TvXZFI?[T�z*A^ThX�%#=@Q(\´� FCD�c ÛT�%� XNACQÃ�º'DGFISPQPV5=@Q5Th=@zj'r³*a�k { ia�XZD�s2ÜBs Ú ALKBHJ'NWYM�»���FIz�#=xQPA^T[FCW�=@ACHhL´RPTh=xz*=J¸YA^Th=JFIQ�MÉ´'NTdK�FCWh�n?,ACQPV½UA^T[WhFI=@VP?h¼nihsj$&%P'YQladcfe�¿§ì���iB=@?�AZÜ�SPHJ'NW�=xACQ¥\CW�A^R�%5KB=JTh% ¨ja?¿7i�­ª¨ja)�bi;¥d9@¨ Û�Ä Å ¬ « sÉ´'Z¿nT~KO'5XZFIQP?[T[W�SPXZT~A�ÜOSPH@'NW�=@ACQ�T[FISPWrFCD*adcfe�¿�ìw��ijACQPV�?�%(FCWhT['YQm=JTyT[FoAw$ W�AL�C'YH@=@Q(\Ù�ACHJ'Y?�z*ACQvT[FIS(WBAC?EV('Y?hXZW�=J�±'YVv=@Q Ú 'Yz*z*A39ns�å´HJT[FC\C'NTh%('NWL�PKO'FC�PThAC=@Q�AjT[FISPW&FCD�HJ'YQ(\CTh%]A^TzjFI?[T=9Â��¨ Û�Ä Å ¬ « sí�î�ï.ð0ñçò�ó^ô ìÂõZö�ì°÷Zö õhõ ø ñçù�îhô ìhì ô ì�ú û�ú�{°û

Page 44: Max Planck Societymehlhorn/ftp/EATCSmonograph/chapter6.pdfü ý êéþºÿdÍ ü þ È@ÍnÿdÍ ±Í $&%(']'z¿ 'yxns(th=jfiq fcd¦atx %(fi=@xz'¥=xqp?[t[w spxzth=@fiqot[w acqp?[dg'nw

|�| ü ý ê�þºÿdÍ������ë��� ü ��� þ�È@ÍNÿdÍ��±Í����$&%('ER±'NWhD0FCW�z*ACQPXZ'´�ºFIS#QPVP?�\I=J�C'YQ~DGFCW�Th%('EFIQ#XZ'ZèdA^WhFISPQPV�è�Th%P'Zè�T[Wh'N'7ACHJ\CFCW�=JTh%#z ACQPVrTh%('�Ñ�sON¤èA^RPRPW�FY¿(=@z*A^T['&ACHJ\CFCW�=@Th%Pz�A^Wh'&�±'Y?[T�R±FI?h?�=J�#HJ'�=@QjTh%('�DGFIH@HJF¤KB=@Q(\�?['YQP?h'CshL�Q('&XNACQj·�Q#VjA�XNH@AC?h?FCD¦RPWhFC�#H@'Yz =@QP?[ThACQPXZ'Y?¥a0Üf¿�'NW�XN=@?[' « �9i,KB%('NWh']Th%('¾A^RPRPWhFL¿�=@zyA^Th=JFIQ�ACHJ\CFCW�=@Th%Pz*?�RPWhF�VPSPXZ'T[FIS(W�?&T[FIS(W�?�KB=@Th%]HJ'YQ(\CTh%�ACH@z*FI?[T7a[�O­b®Ni|�ÿ¨ Û�Ä Å�²#%('NWh'P®�` ��FCW;®�`ÃÑC!ONn�PW�'Y?[R±'YXZTh=J�C'YHJ�Cs

��ACQtKO'*·�QPVtACQw®[èdA^RPRPWhFL¿�=xz*A^T['yACHJ\CFCW�=@Th%Pz�a.KB=JTh%�RºFIH@�nQ(FIzy=@ACH W�SPQPQP=xQ(\rTh=xzj'yACQPV?[FIzj'Z® � Ñni¦D0FCW,'N�C'NWh� �� èdXZFIzjR#H@'NT['rRPW�FC�#HJ'Yz FCW�A^Wh'~Th%('NWh' �� èdXZFIzjR�HJ'NT['rR#WhFC�#HJ'Yz*?KB%P=xX�%tWh'Y?�=@?[T7'N�C'YQlA^RPRPWhFL¿�=xz*A^T['r?[FIHxS(Th=JFIQP?N� RPWhF¤�n=@VP'YVtTh%PA^T5<¦6` ��\Ú Å¦Q(D0FCW�ThSPQPA^T['YHJ�C�Th%('�?['YXZFIQPVvR±FI?h?�=J�#=@H@=@Td��=@?�T[W�S('�ACQPV]$EÙn�}KE=JTh%(FIS(T�T[W�=@ACQ(\IH@'´=@QP'YupSPACHx=JTd�jRPW�FL��=@V('Y?�SP?�KB=JTh%ACQ]'Z¿(ACzjR#HJ'Cs

�,ä�3n8#693n< �2xBâ"ã�äf®��{Ñ åsã�æ�úÿå�ìWä0ú�æ�ú�õ�|��2qä)íHã�ú�ã�ìïü"æ�øBæ�ó+û�ñÿú�ìWä)íyî¢�ÔíHææ��ìïøCû�ä)íHã=20ñ�óïó?ñ�êhìïøsûòXú�ñ�ò ã�ú�ä)ì?ã�üAni.�4  ü�úÿ÷@ø&ø&ìïøCûnä)ìïî:ãìþühò"ñ�ó+õsøHñ�î3ìþæ�óïó õ£åsñC÷�øXùsã�ù�7��i}2)ñÿú5ã3��ã�ú�õ�üÍõ&îBî:ã�ä0ú�ì)ð'ù�ìïüýäWæ�øXð�ã'î3æCä0ú�ì+ô G^ÉD�éÿ M"� ÑS!#!#!ék�4|��$ © � Éj7"�©ð�ñ�ø&ü�ä0úÿ÷�ð�ä)üPæ�&ú�æ���ã�óïìïøCû�0sæ�óDã�ü�î:æ�ønä�ñC÷�ú�ñ32HóDã�øsûyä)í æCäfî.ñ�üýä;a[�n­:®ZiÜ�)¨ Û�Ä Å�7%êhíHã�ú�㶨 Û�Ä Å½ìïüSä)íHã¶óDã�øCûyä)íñ32¶ä)íHã�ñ�òhä)ìïî3æ�óI�&ú�ææ��ã�óïìþøCû�0sæ�óDã�ü�î:æ�ø ä�ñC÷�ú�7

ä)íHã�øR<�` �;� ��S� �ý��� M&å´?h?hSPz*'rTh%PA^T���'Z¿�=@?hTh?Ns Ú 'NTÖ}�º'vA¾RºFIH@�nQ(FIzy=@ACHfKB%#=@X�%w�±FISPQPVP?Th%('vW�SPQPQP=xQ(\Th=@zj'�FCD �!sfµt'7KB=xH@H±?h%(FLK Th%PA^T&Å´Û��Áa.Å´QPV#=JWh'YXZT['YV]Û¦ACz*=@HJT[FIQ#=@ACQ¥����XNHJ'^i�=@?&=@Qn<*s�Ù�=@QPXZ'Å´Û��m=@? �� èdXZFIzjR#H@'NT['´Th%#=@?�=@zjR#H@=@'Y?/< ` �;� s Ú 'NTB_ ` adcfehgji��±'¦ACQ]=@QP?[ThACQ#XZ'´FCD ÅEÛ7�KB=JTh%¥c�` ÎL� ÷ e#!#!#!Leh� ¡ � ì ÒIsC¯¦'Z·�Q(' G^Éþ�Zÿ MH� ÑS!#!#!�kZ4���$ © � É��p�

GCÉþ�Zÿ a)([e� �if` � � =JDOa���µ[eh� � if�¥g*²G0®I�Yk I ­ « FCTh%('NWhKB=@?h'Cs½UA^T[W�=À¿ G^ÉD�éÿ =@?´XNHJ'YA^W�HJ��?[��z*zj'NT[W�=@X^s u S(WhTh%('NW�z*FCWh'C��=JDO_ %PAC?¦ArÛ¦ACz*=@H@T[FIQP=@ACQ¥XZ��XNHJ',Th%('YQG^ÉD�éÿ %PAC?;A¦$�W�AL�C'YH@=@Q(\Ù�ACH@'Y?hz*ACQ,T[FIS(W�FCD�H@'YQ(\CTh%�krACQPV�=JD±_mV(Fp'Y?�QPFCT;%#AY�C'&A´Û´ACzy=@HJT[FIQP=@ACQXZ��XNHJ'¦Th%('YQv'N�C'NWh�v$�W�AL�C'YH@=@Q(\yÙ�ACH@'Y?hz*ACQ~T[FIS(W&%PAC?�HJ'YQP\CTh%~A^T&H@'YAC?[T�a�k34o�9i�­~G0®w�Zk I ­ « �a[�E­ª®NiC��k�KB=@Th%�Wh'Y?[R±'YXZT!T[F G^ÉD�éÿ s¾µm%#A^T,V(Fn'Y?,ACHJ\CFCW�=JTh%Pz � V(F¾FIQl=xQP?[ThACQPXZ' G^Éþ�Zÿ�Ú ¯�TXZFIQP?[T[W�SPXZTh?&AjT[FIS(WBFCD;H@'YQ(\CTh%Q¨�s�µt'!VP=@?[Th=@QP\ISP=@?h%rTdK�FrXNAC?['Y?Ysü ê��YÍR> M¶¨¡� a[��­b®Zi:�Lk;sÙ�=@Q#XZ':¨«¥ a[�B­�®ZiC��¨ Û�Ä Å �n�5AC?�?hSPzjRPTh=@FIQ5��iBFIQ��!� KO'yXZFIQ#XNH@SPV('.¨ Û�Ä Å �bk;s~$&%nSP?!_V(Fn'Y?&Q(FCT&%PAL�C'!AjÛ¦ACz*=@H@T[FIQP=@ACQ]XZ��XNHJ'Csü ê��YÍ�" M¶¨ ¥ a[��­b®Zi:�Lk;s$&%('YQ�¨ `Ãk5�n�rTh%('!VP=@?hXNSP?�?h=JFIQ~A^�ºF¤�C'CsO$&%nSP?E_Á%PAC?&AjÛ¦ACz*=@HJT[FIQ#=@ACQ]XZ�nXNH@'Cs$&%P=x?!?h%PFLKB?jTh%#A^TjKO'�XNACQ�S#?[']ACHJ\CFCW�=JTh%PzÕ��D0FCW*?hFIHJ�n=xQ(\¾Å´Û7�´sl½UA^T[W�=À¿ G^ÉD�éÿ Wh'YunSP=JWh'Y?³ja�k © H@FC\�a�kr­ « i[i�` ³*a�k © HJFC\�k i��#=JTh?&T[F~�±'7K&W�=@T[T['YQ¥V(F¤KBQ�s´Ù�=xQPXZ'P�!æç?BW�S#QPQP=@Q(\�Th=@z*'!=@?�±FISPQPV('YVr�n�*R±FIHJ�nQPFIz*=@ACH�Ö���KO'�=@Q(DG'NW�Th%PA^T�ÅEÛ7�mXNACQv�±'´?hFIHJ�C'YV]=@Q~Th=@zj'7³ja Ö a�k © HJFC\Ok i[ihsÛ´'YQPXZ'7Å´Û��m�Q<�ACQPV]Th%('NW�'ND0FCWh'5< ` �� sí�î�ï.ð0ñçò�ó^ô ìÂõZö�ì°÷Zö õhõ ø ñçù�îhô ìhì ô ì�ú û�úhúÂû

Page 45: Max Planck Societymehlhorn/ftp/EATCSmonograph/chapter6.pdfü ý êéþºÿdÍ ü þ È@ÍnÿdÍ ±Í $&%(']'z¿ 'yxns(th=jfiq fcd¦atx %(fi=@xz'¥=xqp?[t[w spxzth=@fiqot[w acqp?[dg'nw

���,�ÿ�#"�� J þIþH� � Ò É � êCÿ.É � ��¹ºÇ ý Í � Í�� | N

$&%('NFCW�'Yzë9�?h%PFLKB?jTh%#A^T �� èdXZFIzjR#HJ'NT['¾RPWhFC�#HJ'Yzy?jXNACQ��±'Y%PAY�C'UV(W�ACz*A^Th=xXNACH@HJ�oVP=+*±'NWh'YQ�TKB=JTh%¥Wh'Y?[R±'YXZT´T[F~A^RPR#WhFY¿(=@z*A^Th=JFIQ2s&µt'�KB=@H@H2?h'N',zjFCW�'!FCDfTh%#=@?E=xQ¥?['YXZTh=JFIQ#?ET[FvXZFIzj'Cs´¯�T¦=@?Q(FCT �nQ(F¤KBQ7KE%('NTh%('NW�Th%P'O'Z¿(=@?[T['YQPXZ'OFCDP?hSPX�%ACQ,ACHJ\CFCW�=JTh%Pz =@?2'Z¿(XNH@SPVP'YV7�n��Th%('OAC?h?�SPzjRPTh=JFIQ<Û6` �� s

T U!�½U/E"U.rONCN�]ÿoz� ^Wp cSP�^)oq_{½¬e@g ispbisjµÃ=JTh%yW�'Y?[R±'YXZTOT[F,Th%('7Ù�X�%('YV#SPH@=@Q(\¯°QPVP'NRº'YQ#V('YQ�TO$ AC?[��?¦adÙn¯Â$´i FCRPTh=xz*=J¸YA^Th=JFIQrRPWhFC�#H@'Yz�Th%('?h=JThS#A^Th=JFIQ]=@?��±'NT[T['NWYsfµt'A^W�'7\I=J�C'YQ]Th%('�Th=xzj'�Wh'YunSP=JWh'Yzj'YQpTh?1� ì e#!#!#!Ye6� ¡ FCD A*?h'NT&FCD kr¹[FC�#?ACQPV,A¦QpSPz!�±'NW Ø FCD�zyACX�%P=@QP'Y? ACQ#V!A^Wh'�AC?[�C'YV�T[F´·�Q#V!A´?hX�%P'YVPSPHJ'wWlMH�À�"!#!#!ék%$%� �À�"!#!#! Ø $KB%P=xX�%Uz*=@QP=@zy=J¸N'Y?�Th%(',·�QP=x?h%P=@Q(\jTh=xzj'P¿Á` z*A9¿ � ] b à µ0Ä Æ � � µ s7$&%(W�FIS(\I%(FIS(TETh%P=@?´?['YXZTh=JFIQK�'rSP?['3¿ Û�Ä Å¦T[FUVP'YQ(FCT['yTh%('r·�QP=x?h%P=@Q(\~Th=@zj'rFCD&ACQ�FCR#Th=@z*ACH�?�X�%('YVPS#HJ'Cs]µt'~VP'Y?hXZW�=J�±'*ACQa[� ¬ 9pi�èdA^RPRPW�FY¿(=@z*A^T['�ACHJ\CFCW�=@Th%Pz ·#W�?[T!ACQPV�Th%('YQwWh'Z·�Q('~=JTT[F5ACQwA^R#RPWhFY¿(=@z*A^Th=@FIQ�?hX�%('Yzj'DGFCW,Ùn¯Â$�a Ø ihsj¯°QwÙ�¯°$�a Ø i&Th%('rQpSPz!�±'NW�FCD�zyACX�%P=@QP'Y?7=@?�Q(FCT7ACQ�=xQ(R#S(T¦T[F�Th%('*ACH@\CFCW�=JTh%Pz�#S(T�·P¿�'YV�=@Q]ACVP�9ACQPXZ'Cs

$B%('´a[� ¬ 9pi�èdA^R#RPWhFY¿(=@z*A^T['´ACHJ\CFCW�=JTh%#z�=x?;�#AC?['YV�FIQjA´�C'NWh��?h=@zjR#H@'O=@V('YA�M�Ù�X�%P'YVPSPHJ'�HJFIQ(\¹[FC�#?�·#W�?[T�ACQPV]ACH@K�AL�n?&?�X�%('YVPS#HJ'�AE¹ÂFC�]FIQ�AjzyACX�%P=@QP'´KE%P=@X�%vK�AC?&SP?h'YV]HJ'YAC?[T�?[FjD.A^WYs�$&%('V('NThAC=@Hx?�A^Wh'AC?&DGFIH@HJF¤KB?Ns

å´?h?hS#zj'rKsçH�s�F(s�\(s�Th%PA^T�� ì ª � © ª ����� ª � ¡ sw¯°QlD.ACXZTN�OWh'NFCW�V('NW�=@Q(\UTh%('!¹[FC�#?�ThA^�C'Y?Th=@zj'v³ja�k�HJFC\�k i´ACQPVw=@?7Th%('~zjFI?[T,Th=@zj'yXZFIQ#?hSPz*=@QP\�R#A^WhT!FCD�Th%('rACHJ\CFCW�=JTh%Pz ü � �s�éÿ0�éÌPÇYÿWlMH�À�"!#!#!ék%$%� �À�"!#!#! Ø $2DGFCW�z,SPH@A^T['YV�=xQv��WhFC\CW�ACz«�ns

a?¿ ì e#!#!#!Ye�¿ Ö ih1Äa�Ñ�e#!#!#!¤ehÑnih²à�8,¿ � Th=xzj'7SPQP=JTh?�A^W�'SP?['YV]S(R]FIQ¾z*ACX�%#=@Q(' r?[FjDGA^WE8�à- 8#6.( - 698�< �¦ÞL8wkÝ 8�H@'NTI *�±'7?hSPX�%]Th%PA^T�¿ � `Ãz*=@Q�a?¿ ì e#!#!#!Le�¿ Ö ih²WM� (0$q1ð P²¿ � 1 ¿ � ­���µ8�ÝOs

47698#â�6¤á#<-*µt'´Wh'NDG'NW�T[F,Th%('E?�X�%('YVPS#HJ'BXZFIQP?[T[W�SPXZT['YVy�n�jTh%P=@?OACHJ\CFCW�=JTh%#zbAC?OTh%(' Ú FIQ(\C'Y?[T���WhF�XZ'Y?h?Âè

=@Q(\*$B=@zj'*a &2�5A iO?�X�%('YVPS#HJ'�W  c?� s�¯°Th?�·�QP=x?h%P=@Q(\,Th=@zj'7=x?&V('YQ(FCT['YV¥�p�.¿  c?� sO¯�D;Th%('\¿fµÂæç?A^Wh'j�C'NRPT!=@Q5A�%('YA^RtTh%('YQtFIQP'*=JT['NW�A^Th=JFIQtFCD�Th%('*HJFnFCRtThA^�C'Y?7Th=xzj'r³ja�HJFC\ Ø ih�2DGFCWAvT[FCThACHW�SPQ#QP=@Q(\!Th=@zj'�FCD�³ja�k�HJFC\ Ø ihs�,ä�3n8#693n< �Xx��"íHã &2�5A æ�ó+û�ñÿú�ìWä)íyî¤ìïü�æo� ¬ 9B4�� ¬ aW9 Ø i'æ#ò&òXú�ñ�ôCìþî3æCä�ãZæ�ó+û�ñÿú�ìWä)íyî 2)ñÿú0Hð�íHã�ù%÷�óïìþøCû¶��øXùCã�ò ã�øXùsã�øHä��Hæ�ü\E�ü���S� �ý��� M7a.¯ÂQPVP=JW�'YXZTNsÀiyåE?h?�SPzj'7FCTh%('NW�KB=@?['Cs Ú 'NT�`r�º',ACQ¥=@Q#?[ThACQPXZ'FCDOÙ�¯°$|KE=JTh%¥Arz*=@QP=@zyACHQnSPz�±'NW�FCD�¹ÂFC��?f?hSPX�%jTh%PA^TBa?¿  c?� aR`(i@4�¿ Û�Ä ÅZaR`(i[i ¬ ¿ Û�Ä ÅYaR`(i�� � ¬ 9¬4¾� ¬ aW9 Ø ihs�Û´'NWh'�¿ Û�Ä ÅéaR`(i=@?�Th%P'7·�QP=x?h%P=@Q(\,Th=@zj'FCDfACQ¥FCRPTh=xz*ACH2?hX�%('YVPSPHJ'�W Û�Ä Å MX�À�"!#!#!�k%$f�á�À�"!#!#! Ø $ ACQPVn¿  c?� aR`(i=@?�Th%('7·�QP=@?h%#=@Q(\Th=xzj'�FCD;Th%(' &2�5A ?hX�%('YVPSPHJ'�W  c?� sí�î�ï.ð0ñçò�ó^ô ìÂõZö�ì°÷Zö õhõ ø ñçù�îhô ìhì ô ì�ú û�ú Ò û

Page 46: Max Planck Societymehlhorn/ftp/EATCSmonograph/chapter6.pdfü ý êéþºÿdÍ ü þ È@ÍnÿdÍ ±Í $&%(']'z¿ 'yxns(th=jfiq fcd¦atx %(fi=@xz'¥=xqp?[t[w spxzth=@fiqot[w acqp?[dg'nw

| � ü ý ê�þºÿdÍ������ë��� ü ��� þ�È@ÍNÿdÍ��±Í����� 3n<l<�á¢�fx~��2£W  c:� a�k iE`� �ä)íHã�ø ] b�¤¦¥a§ à µ0Ä Æ � � µ ` ¿  c?� aR`(i67 ì��Oã3�Ó7c¨#ñCå]k iyøyìïü�íHã�ü\æCää)ìïî:ã=¿  c?� aR`(i;��S� �ý��� M&å´?h?hSPz*'!FCTh%('NW�KB=@?['Cs$B%('YQ¥Th%P' &½�PA ACH@\CFCW�=JTh%Pz�ACH@?[F]XZFIQP?[T[W�SPXZTh?�Av?hX�%('YV#SPHJ',FCDHJ'YQ(\CTh%\¿  c?� aR`(i#DGFCW�¹[FC�#??� ì e#!#!#!Ye6� ¡ � ì s�¯¦'YQ(FCT['�Th%('�RPWhFC�#HJ'Yz|=xQP?[ThACQPXZ'�KB=@Th%¦Th=@zj'�Wh'YunSP=JWh'Zèzj'YQpTh?�� ì e#!#!#!¤e6� ¡ � ì s®¯¦'YQ(FCT['tTh%('¾RPWhFC�#H@'YzÄ=@Q#?[ThACQPXZ'¥KE=JTh%�Wh'YunSP=JW�'Yzj'YQ�Th?}� ì e#!#!#!Ye6� ¡ � ì�n��`���sw$&%('YQw¿  c:� aR`���i,`«¹  c?� aR`(ihswå´H@?[FQ¿ Û�Ä Å aR`��.i�¥ ¿ Û�Ä Å aR`(i7?h=xQPXZ'�`p��=@?�Aû[?hS(�#=@Q(è?[ThACQPXZ'Y¼yFCDw`#sfÛ´'YQPXZ'

¿  c?� aR` � i24,¿ Û�Ä ÅéaR` � i ª ¿  c:� aR`(i½4,¿ Û�Ä Å�aR`Piª �À� ¬ 9�4�� ¬ aW9 Ø i)$���¿ Û�Ä ÅZaR`(iª �À� ¬ 9�4�� ¬ aW9 Ø i)$���¿ Û�Ä ÅZaR` � i�!

$&%nSP?C` � =@?OAXZFISPQpT['NWh'Z¿(ACzjR#HJ'´XZFIQ�ThAC=@Q#=@Q(\7FIQ('ED0'NK�'NW�¹ÂFC�rTh%PACQ~`#�nA!XZFIQ�T[W�ACV#=@XZTh=JFIQrT[FTh%('X�%PFI=@XZ'7FCD'`Psµt'&KB=xH@HpQP'Z¿nTf?h%PFLK}Th%PA^T�Th%(' &½�PA ACHJ\CFCW�=JTh%Pz XZFIQP?hT[W�SPXZTh?fA¦�#ACVj?�X�%('YVPS#HJ'�FIQPHJ�!=@D&¿ Û�Ä ÅéaR`(i=@?�?hzyACH@H�s� 3n<l<�á�*fx3¿ Û�Ä ÅZaR`(i�¸º9^��� ¡ ��S� �ý��� ME��FIQ#?h=@V('NWOTh%('E?[ThA^T['ja?¿ ì e#!#!#!Le�¿ Ö i FCD�Th%P' &½�PA ACHJ\CFCW�=JTh%#zùhSP?[T�R#W�=JFCW�T[F�?hX�%('YVPSPHÀè=@Q(\y¹[FC�¨� ¡ s Ú 'NT ¿ ¢ ` z*=xQºa?¿ ì e#!#!#!Le�¿ Ö ihso$&%('YQ � ¡ =@?�?hX�%('YV#SPHJ'YVlFIQ�z*ACX�%P=@Q('¥qlACQPV¿ ¢ ­�� ¡ `º¿  c?� aR`(i��n� Ú 'Yz*z*A]�^sOÛE'YQ#XZ'j� ì ­_�����^­�� ¡ � ì ª Ø a?¿  c?� aR`(i24�� ¡ i�FCW� ì ­§�����^­�� ¡ ª Ø ��¿  c?� aR`(i24{a Ø 4��9i|��� ¡ !É´'Z¿nT¦Q(FCT['�Th%PA^T;¿ Û�Ä ÅéaR`Pi ª aY� ì ­ß�����I­ � ¡ i ¬9Ø ��?h=@QPXZ','N�C'NWh��¹[FC�U%#AC?ET[F~�±'!'Z¿�'YXNS(T['YVUFIQ?[FIzj'!z*ACX�%P=xQ('7ACQPV]%('YQPXZ'

a[a Ø 4��9i ¬9Ø i|�Æ� ¡ ª ¿  c:� aR`(i¬47¿ Û�Ä ÅZaR`(i��¢�À� ¬ 9�4�� ¬ aW9 Ø i)$Á��¿ Û�Ä ÅéaR`Pi�!$&%('7HxAC?[T&=@Q('YunSPACH@=JT��yDGFIH@HJF¤KB?�DGWhFIzÆTh%('7D.ACXZT&Th%PA^T[`r=@?�AyXZFISPQ�T['NW�'Z¿�ACzjR�HJ'CsO$&%nSP?M9���� ¡ �¿ Û�Ä ÅéaR`(ihs¯ÂQ Ú 'Yzyz*A=9�K�'�XZFIzjR#HJ'NT['OTh%('�XZFIQpT[W�ACVP=@XZTh=JFIQ,ACQPV!?h%(FLKwTh%PA^T Th%(' &½�PA ACHJ\CFCW�=JTh%Pz =@QPV('N'YVXZFIQP?[T[W�SPXZTh?�FCRPTh=@zyACH2?hX�%P'YVPSPHJ'Y?�=JD½¿ Û�Ä ÅéaR`(iO=@?B?hz*ACH@H�s� 3n<l<�á�;Hx}� 22¿ Û�Ä Å aR`(i/¸ 9Â�Æ� ¡ ä)íHã�øn¿  c?� aR`(i�`º¿ Û�Ä Å aR`Pi;��S� �ý��� M�¯°D>W Û�Ä Å,`W  c?� Th%('YQlTh%('NW�'~=@?�Q(FCTh%#=@Q(\¥T[Ft?h%PFLK7stå´?h?hSPzj'~FCTh%('NWhKE=@?['Cs�Ù�=@QPXZ'� ì ª � © ª ����� ª � ¡ QPFlzjFCW�'UTh%#ACQ{T�KOFU¹[FC�#?vXNACQm�±'U?hX�%('YVPSPH@'YV�FIQÃACQp�{z*ACX�%P=@Q('CsÛ´'YQPXZ'*kb¥ « Ø s!µt'*z*AY�5AC?h?hS#zj'jkw` « Ø �n�¾ACVPV#=@Q(\�¹[FC�#?�kv­ �^e#!#!#!¤e « Ø KB=JTh%¾Th=@zj'Wh'YunSP=JWh'Yz*'YQ�Th?t� ¡ � ì `¤!#!#!�` � © Ö ` Ñ�s�$B%(' &2�PA ACHJ\CFCW�=JTh%#z ?hX�%('YV#SPHJ'Y?´¹[FC�#?.? ACQPV« Ø ­ ��4� 5FIQ}z*ACX�%P=@Q('� (�B�£¥ ´¥ Ø s Ú 'NT t�º'vz*A9¿(=@z*ACH�?hSPX�%wTh%#A^T ¿  c?� aR`(i!`í�î�ï.ð0ñçò�ó^ô ìÂõZö�ì°÷Zö õhõ ø ñçù�îhô ìhì ô ì�ú û�ú Î û

Page 47: Max Planck Societymehlhorn/ftp/EATCSmonograph/chapter6.pdfü ý êéþºÿdÍ ü þ È@ÍnÿdÍ ±Í $&%(']'z¿ 'yxns(th=jfiq fcd¦atx %(fi=@xz'¥=xqp?[t[w spxzth=@fiqot[w acqp?[dg'nw

���,�ÿ�#"�� J þIþH� � Ò É � êCÿ.É � ��¹ºÇ ý Í � Í�� | Ý� � ­ � © Ö � ì � � s7��FIQP?[T[W�SPXZT´Ar\CW�A^R#%�_bKB=JTh%UQ(F�V('Y?´�~` �À�"!#!�k%$�AC?´D0FIH@H@FLKB?Ns^¯¦W�AYKÁA~Wh'YV'YV(\C'va)([e�q#i�=JD�W Û�Ä Åéa)(Âi�`©W Û�Ä ÅZadq#i�ACQ#V¾V(W�AYK A*\CWh'N'YQU'YV(\C'~a)([e�q#i&=JD�W  c?� a)([i�`¡W  c:� adq#ih�=�s�'CsJ�C=JDs(�­jqj` « Ø ­~�^sfÙ�=@QPXZ'O'N�C'NWh�Q(F�V('�%PAC? V('N\CWh'N'�'Z¿(ACXZThHJ�7TdK�F¦=@Q7\CW�A^R�%�_ a.Wh'YXNACH@H�Th%PA^T'Z¿(ACXZThHJ��TdK�F,¹[FC�#?EA^W�'�?�X�%('YVPS#HJ'YV�FIQ5ACQp�¥z*ACX�%#=@Q(',�p�]W Û�Ä Å&ACQPV�W  c?� ih�±Th%(',XZFIQ#Q('YXZT['YVXZFIzjR±FIQ('YQpTh?&FCD�_ÁA^W�'?h=@zjR�HJ'´XZ��XNHJ'Y?Ns���FIQP?h=xV('NW�Th%('XZFIzjR±FIQ('YQpTBXZFIQpThAC=@QP=@QP\yQ(F�V(' (sO¯�TXZFIQpThAC=@QP?&Q(F�V('Y?I ì e#!#!#!Le� È e « Ø ­m��4r ì e#!#!#!Le « Ø ­|��4O È DGFCWB?[FIzj'[ ì e#!#!#!Le� È �w�À�"!#! Ø $�sÙ�=@Q#XZ'BTh%('¦Wh'YV~'YV(\C'Y?�DGFCW�zÆA�z*A^ThX�%#=@Q(\,FIQvTh%('Y?['�Q(F�V('Y?�Th%('NWh'�z!S#?[TO�±'¦A,Wh'YV~'YV(\C'*a)([e�q#i?hSPX�%�Th%PA^T5(�¥® UACQPVlqw¥ « Ø ­��4� Ps~Û´'YQPXZ'3¿ Û�Ä Å�aR`Pi ª ��µ�­_� ¢ ª � � ­_� © Ö � ì � � `¹  c:� aR`(ihsÚ 'Yzyz*A]�^� « ACQPVQ9j=@zjR#H@�*Th%PA^T `rV(Fp'Y?BQ(FCT&'Z¿(=@?[TNs¯ÂQBÜf¿�'NW�XN=@?h' « N!=JTO=x?�?h%(F¤KBQrTh%PA^TOTh%P'EK�FCW�?[T�XNAC?['´Rº'NW�D0FCW�zyACQPXZ'BFCD2Th%P' &2�5A ACHJ\CFCW�=JTh%#zb=@?=@QPVP'N'YVt� ¬ 9\4{� ¬ aW9 Ø ihs&$B%(' &2�5A ACHJ\CFCW�=JTh%PzÆRPW�FnXZ'Y?h?h'Y?BHJFIQ(\�¹ÂFC�#?&·#W�?[TNs�$&%P=@?�R#W�=@QPXN=JR�HJ'K�FCWh�n?rupS#=JT['�K�'YH@H�DGFCWrA�QnSPz!�±'NW*FCD¦RPWhFC�#HJ'Yzy?N��XZD°s�Ü�¿n'NW�XN=@?[' «C« FIQ�¶�=@Q���ACX��n=@QP\wACQPVÜf¿�'NW�XN=@?h' « ��FIQ7Th%P'Iò7QPA^R#?�ACXh�¦RPWhFC�#H@'Yz]s�$&%P=x?�?hS(\C\C'Y?[Th? Th%PA^T�K�'�XNACQ!V(F&'N�C'YQ!�º'NT[T['NW =JDnKO'A^Wh'��C'NWh�7XNA^Wh'ND.SPHpKB=JTh%7Th%P'�HJFIQP\C'Y?[T(¹[FC�#?N�C?hAL�=JD�KO'�?hX�%('YVPSPHJ'OTh%('OH@FIQ(\C'Y?[TfqO¹[FC�#?�FCR#Th=@z*ACH@HJ�Cs$&%P=x?�HJ'YACVP?�T[F7Th%P' &2�5A adq#i�èdACHJ\CFCW�=@Th%Pz]MfÙ�X�%('YV#SPHJ'�Th%('Eq�H@FIQ(\C'Y?[T±¹[FC�#?�FCRPTh=xz*ACH@HJ�~a�=@Q�Th=@zj'Ø ¢ �n�r�PW�ACQPX�%�ACQ#Vv�ºFIS#QPV±ih��Th%('YQ�XZFIQpTh=@QnS('7KB=JTh% &½�PA s�,ä�3n8#693n<ª*qx)�"í%ã &½�PA adq#i%æ�ó+û�ñÿú�ìWä)íyî°æ�óWê"æ�õ&üyòXú�ñsù%÷�ð�ã�üqæ�øra Ø 4�9i ¬ adq(­��9iÏ­)æ#ò&òXú�ñ�ôsìïî3æCä�ãü�ð�íHã�ù%÷�óDã3��S� �ý��� M Ú 'NTÂ� ì ª � © ª ����� ª � ¡ �±',Th%('jTh=@zj',Wh'YunSP=JWh'Yzj'YQpTh?´FCDOAv?['NT�FCD�k]¹[FC�#?�ACQPV5HJ'NT¿  c?� à ¢ Ä Wh'Y?[R2sC¿ Û�Ä Å��±'¦Th%('�·�QP=x?h%P=@Q(\!Th=@zj'¦FCD;Th%(' &2�5A adq#i�W�'Y?[R2s(FCRPTh=@zyACH�?hX�%('YV#SPHJ'Cs�µt'%PAL�C'7T[Fy?h%(F¤K Th%PA^T

¿  c?� à ¢ Ä 4 ¿ Û�Ä Å/¥�a[a Ø 4��9i ¬ adq­Ã�9i[i��#¿ Û�Ä Å�!Ú 'NTÂ�´�±'�Th%('yHJ'YQ(\CTh%5FCD�ACQtFCRPTh=xz*ACH�?hX�%P'YVPSPHJ'�DGFCW�¹ÂFC��?*�^e#!#!#!Le�q�sj¯°Dh¿  c?� ì« Ä ` �ETh%('YQTh%('�XNH@AC=@z =@?�FC�n�n=JFIS#?hHJ�*T[W�SP'CsOÙnF,AC?�?hSPzj'¦FCTh%('NWhKE=@?['Cs Ú 'NTI X�mqy�º'¦AB¹ÂFC�]KE=JTh%*·ºQP=@?h%P=xQ(\Th=@zj'Z¿  c?� à ¢ Ä s{$B%('YQ}ACH@H�RPW�FnXZ'Y?h?hFCW�?*A^Wh'���SP?[�wSPR�T[F�Th=@zj'Z¿  c?� à ¢ Ä 4d� � ACQ#V�%('YQPXZ'aY� ì ­§�����9­�� � � ì i ¬9Ø ª ¿  c?� à ¢ Ä 4�� � sfåEHx?[F ¿ Û�Ä Å ª aY� ì ­§�����9­�� � i ¬9Ø ACQPV�%('YQPXZ'

¿  c?� à ¢ Ä 4,¿ Û�Ä Å ¥ a[a Ø 4��9i ¬9Ø i|��� � ¥ a[a Ø 4��9i ¬9Ø i��Æ� ¢ � ì¥ a[��4�� ¬9Ø i�a Ø¥¬ adq!­Ã�9i[i���¿ Û�Ä Å¶¥ a[a Ø 4{�9i ¬ adq­m�9i[i���¿ Û�Ä Å�!

$&%('�Th%#=JW�Vv=@Q('YunSPACH@=JT��yDGFIH@HJF¤KB?�D0W�FIz ¿ Û�Ä Å ª aY� ì ­�!#!#!a� ¢ � ì i ¬9Ø ª adq�­|�9i|�Æ� ¢ � ì ¬9Ø så�T~Th%P=@?*R±FI=@QpT*K�'UACHxzjFI?[Tr%#AY�C'tACQ{A^R#RPWhFY¿(=@z*A^Th=@FIQ�?hX�%('Yzj'UD0FCW�Ùn¯Â$�a Ø ih�´Ù�X�%P'YVPSPH@=@QP\¯ÂQPV('NR±'YQPV('YQpT$ AC?[�n?!FIQ Ø z*ACX�%P=@Q('Y?Ys Ú 'NT�® � Ѿ�±'rA^Wh�#=@T[W�A^Wh�CsU��%PFpFI?['�qt?�SPX�%wTh%PA^Ta Ø 4��9i ¬ adqr­��9i3¥K®N²Bq}` �°a Ø 4 �9i ¬ ®6!]KE=@H@H�XZ'NWhThAC=@QPHJ�wV(F(sl$B%('YQoSP?['vTh%(' &2�5A adq#iACHJ\CFCW�=@Th%Pz®T[F5XZFIQP?[T[W�S#XZT,ACQ´®ÂèdA^RPR#WhFY¿(=@z*A^T['v?hX�%P'YVPSPHJ'Cs¥$B%('yW�S#QPQP=@Q(\]Th=xzj'yFCD=¹/<�¿!adq#i=@?]³ja Ø ¢ ijD0FCWr·�QPV#=@Q(\�ACQmFCRPTh=@zyACHB?hX�%('YVPSPHJ'UDGFCWrTh%('�q�HJFIQ(\C'Y?[T¹ÂFC��?rR�H@SP?~³*a�k�HJFC\�k iDGFCW,?[FCW�Th=@Q(\¾ACQ#Vw?hX�%('YVPSPHx=@Q(\�Th%('vk74mqtWh'Yz*AC=@QP=xQ(\�¹[FC�#?Ns¾$B%pSP?!T[FCThACH�W�SPQ#QP=@Q(\]Th=@z*'r=@?³ja�k�H@FC\�ky­ Ø ¢ i `�³*a�k�HJFC\Ok*­ Ø Ö ¨�� ihs�$&%P=@?�=@?&RºFIH@�nQ(FIzy=@ACH�=xQ]k5D0FCW&'N�C'NW��v·P¿n'YVR®Ysí�î�ï.ð0ñçò�ó^ô ìÂõZö�ì°÷Zö õhõ ø ñçù�îhô ìhì ô ì�ú û�ú Ï û

Page 48: Max Planck Societymehlhorn/ftp/EATCSmonograph/chapter6.pdfü ý êéþºÿdÍ ü þ È@ÍnÿdÍ ±Í $&%(']'z¿ 'yxns(th=jfiq fcd¦atx %(fi=@xz'¥=xqp?[t[w spxzth=@fiqot[w acqp?[dg'nw

| � ü ý ê�þºÿdÍ������ë��� ü ��� þ�È@ÍNÿdÍ��±Í�����,ä�3n8#693n<­;Hxu�"í%ã�ú�ã;ìïüMæ\ò ñ�ó õsø%ñ�îBìþæ�óHæ#òyòXú�ñ�ôsìïî3æCä)ì?ñ�ønü�ðÍíHã�î.ã^20ñÿú[0�Æ��a Ø i=êhí&ì)ðÍíQð�ñ�ø ­üýä0úÿ÷Cð�ä)ü=®;­)æ#ò&òfú�ñ�ôsìïî3æCä�ã�ü�ñ�ó�÷sä)ìDñ�ø&ü�ìþø,ä)ìïî:ã�³ja�k�H@FC\�ky­ Ø Ö ¨T� i=2)ñÿú;æ�ø@õQ®���ÑD��S� �ý��� M&¶��vTh%('7RPW�'YXZ'YVP=@Q(\jVP=@?�XNSP?h?h=JFIQ2s��ACQUK�'�ACH@K�AL�n?´ThS(W�Q5ACQ,®ÂèdA^R#RPWhFY¿(=@z*A^T['jACHJ\CFCW�=JTh%Pz�D0FCW�?[FIzj'B®¦=@QpT[FvArR±FIHJ��Q(FIz*=xACH�A^R(èRPWhFL¿�=xz*A^Th=JFIQy?�X�%('Yzj'�AC?�K�'´VP=xVjD0FCWBÙn¯Â$�a Ø i Ú ÉEFCT['¦Th%PA^Tw+v$EÙn�o=@?�Q(FCT�A!XZFISPQpT['NWh'Z¿(ACz�èR#HJ'C²;Th%('NW�'*KO'7¹[S#?[TV(F¥QPFCT��Q(FLK§%(FLK T[F¾V(F¾�±'NT[T['NWTh%PACQwÑ�sON¤èdA^RPRPWhFL¿�=@zyA^T['~?[FIHxS(Th=JFIQP?Ns$&%('NW�'¦=x?�Q(FjWh'YAC?[FIQ¥T[Fj�º'YHx=J'N�C'�Th%PA^T&Ñ�sONj=@?�A*�ºFIS#QPVPA^Wh�*KE%P=@X�%vKE=@H@H�'Z¿�=@?hT�D0FCWh'N�C'NWLsfÛEF¤K�è'N�C'NWY�PFISPWB?['YXZFIQPV �� èdXZFIzjR�HJ'NT['?hX�%('YVPSPH@=xQ(\�RPWhFC�#HJ'Yz§XNACQ¾?['NWh�C'AC?EACQ]'Z¿�ACz*R#HJ'Cs�,ä�3n8#693n<-BfxAni�� íHã�ú�ãZìïü.æ¢�Æ­)æ#ò&òfú�ñ�ôsìïî3æCä�ã�óïìïøHã�æ�úQä)ìïî:ãnæ�ó+û�ñÿú�ìWä)í&î 2)ñÿú���ú�ã�ð�ã�ùCã�øfð�ã�óhñ�øyüýä0ú�æ�ìïøHã�ù0%ðÍíHã�ù%÷@óïìïøCûu-/��óC05Æ���i~��2hä)íHã�ú�ã=ìþüSæ�øta[� ¬ | iÏ­)æ#òyòXú�ñ�ôsìïî3æCä�ãMò"ñ�ó+õsøHñ�î3ìþæ�ó2ä)ìïî.ã=æ�ó+û�ñÿú�ìWä)í&îå20ñÿúe�ÂóC0Qä)íHã�øZ< `�� �

�S� �ý��� M&Anir��FIQP?�=@V('NWrACQp��=@Q#?[ThACQPXZ'¥FCD���&Ù�s Ú 'NT]k��±'¾Th%('UQnSPz!�±'NWrFCD�¹[FC�#?N� Ø Th%('QnSPz�±'NW�FCD¦z*ACX�%P=xQ('Y?*ACQPVbÞ��±'vTh%('�RPWh'YXZ'YVP'YQPXZ']Wh'YH@A^Th=JFIQoFIQ5¹ÂFC�#?Ys Ú 'NT ¿ Û�Ä Å �±'vTh%('·�QP=x?h%P=@Q(\tTh=xzj'¾FCD,ACQmFCRPTh=@z*ACH´?hX�%P'YVPSPHJ'Cs u FCW�ACQp�t¹[FC�¯(¥� �À�"!#!�k%$�V('Z·�Q('5=JTh?vV('NRPTh%�n� GpÍ�þºÿ ý a)(Âi~`>��­ z*A9¿±Î G�Í�þºÿ ý a/ (ih²5a/ Ie�(Âi¥� Þ,ÒIs�å´?yACHJK�AY��?N�&Th%P'¥z*A9¿(=@z!S#z�FCD�Th%(''YzjRPT��]?['NTE=@?EV('Z·�Q('YV�T[Fy�±'�¸N'NWhF(s�$&%('YQR¿ Û�Ä Å ª &®x MÊ` z*A9¿�a¯GGk ¬9Ø@I e � ê Ò G�Í°þºÿ ý i�KB%('NWh'� ê Ò GpÍ�þºÿ ý `�z*A9¿ºÎ G�Í°þºÿ ý a)(Âih²t� ¥×(£¥ k ÒIsÁ¯°TrWh'YzyAC=@QP?rT[F}�º'U?h%(F¤KBQmTh%PA^TvKO'tXNACQACHJK�AY��?¥?hX�%('YVPSPH@'�ACH@HO¹ÂFC��?�=@Q « � &`x Th=xzj'�SPQP=@Th?Ns u FCWr�#�*�¯¥ � ¥ � ê Ò G�Í°þºÿ ý ��HJ'NT¹ � ` Î�([² G�Í°þºÿ ý a)(Âi;`ß�(Ò��±'´Th%P'�¹[FC�#?�FCD VP'NRPTh%��Psfµt'7?hX�%('YVPSPH@'ETh%('O¹[FC�#?�=@QZ¹ � DGFCW�Th=@zj'SPQP=@Th? ] � × � G[� ¹ � � ¬9Ø@I ­Ã�^e#!#!#!Le%] ��Ö � G[� ¹ � � ¬9Ø@I sO$&%('YQ]Th%('7zyA9¿�=@zyACH±Th=@zj'7SPQP=@T�S#?['YV�=@?X�ÆÖ Ö Ù À � Ú Ä Å Ð G[� ¹ � � ¬9Ø@I ¥ X � a�� ¹ � � ¬9Ø ­|�9i;`Ãk ¬9Ø ­ � ê Ò G�Í�þºÿ ý ¥ « � &®x !��i�E'YXNACH@HETh%(' �� èdXZFIzjR#HJ'NT['YQP'Y?h?yR#WhFpFCD�FCD¦���&Ù|a�$&%P'NFCWh'Yz �nsONns Ý ihs�$&%('¥=xQP?[ThACQPXZ'¾FCD���BÙvXZFIQP?[T[W�S#XZT['YV¥=@Q]Th%P'Wh'YVPS#XZTh=JFIQ¾��H@=xupS('�¥m���&Ù]%PACV]'Y=JTh%('NWB·�QP=@?�%P=@Q(\,Th=@zj'7Th%PWh'N'7FCWDGFIS(WYs�½¥FCWh'!RPWh'YXN=@?h'YHJ�C�PTh%('N�]%PACV�·�QP=@?h%#=@Q(\,Th=@zj'7Th%(W�'N'!=+*5KO',?[ThA^WhTEKB=JTh%�Ay\CW�A^R#%]KB%#=@X�%%PAC?&AyXNH@=@unS('7ACQPVv·�Q#=@?h%P=@QP\!Th=@z*'�D0FIS(WBFCTh%('NWhKB=@?h'Cs�Ù�S(RPR±FI?['�Q(F¤K Th%PA^TBKO',%PAY�C',A�a[� ¬ | i�èA^RPRPW�FY¿(=@z*A^T['yACHJ\CFCW�=JTh%Pz®DGFCW���&Ù�s]$&%('YQtK�'rXNACQlSP?['r=JT7T[F¾?hFIHJ�C'v��Hx=@upSP',�±'YXNACSP?h'yTh%('A^RPRPW�FY¿(=@z*A^Th=JFIQ]ACHJ\CFCW�=JTh%PzÆz,SP?[T��±'7ACQ]'Z¿(ACXZTBACHJ\CFCW�=JTh%#zÆFIQ]Th%('7=@Q#?[ThACQPXZ'Y?&XZFIQP?hT[W�SPXZT['YV�n�rTh%('Wh'YVPSPXZTh=JFIQ2s

T U!�½U+¥ U@°�[CH�H�rONCN�]ÿoz� ^Wp cSP�^)oq_ß½¬e@g ispbisjµt'¥KE=@H@H�Q(FLK�ThS(W�Q}T[F�Th%('¥SPHJTh=xz*A^T['�=@Q}Th%('�·#'YH@VoFCD�A^RPRPWhFL¿�=xz*A^Th=JFIQ�ACHJ\CFCW�=JTh%Pz*?NM]D.SPH@HA^RPRPW�FY¿(=@z*A^Th=JFIQ5?hX�%('Yzj'Y?Ns�µt'*KB=xH@H ACHx?[F]\C'NT�T[F���Q(FLK�Av�C'NWh�5=@zjR±FCWhThACQpT¦T['YX�%PQ#=@upSP',DGFCWí�î�ï.ð0ñçò�ó^ô ìÂõZö�ì°÷Zö õhõ ø ñçù�îhô ìhì ô ì�ú û�ú Ð û

Page 49: Max Planck Societymehlhorn/ftp/EATCSmonograph/chapter6.pdfü ý êéþºÿdÍ ü þ È@ÍnÿdÍ ±Í $&%(']'z¿ 'yxns(th=jfiq fcd¦atx %(fi=@xz'¥=xqp?[t[w spxzth=@fiqot[w acqp?[dg'nw

���,�ÿ�£¢��O±�ÌnÈGÈ J þIþH� � Ò É � êCÿ.É � ��¹ºÇ ý Í � Í�� | ,A^RPRPW�FY¿(=@z*A^Th=JFIQwACHJ\CFCW�=JTh%Pzy?NMj?hXNACH@=@Q(\(s5Ù�XNACH@=@Q(\U=@?A^R#R#H@=@XNA^�#H@'*T[FUzyACQ��tRPW�FC�#HJ'Yz*?N²f=@T!=@?R#A^WhTh=xXNSPH@A^W�HJ�rA^RPRPWhFCRPW�=@A^T['¦KB%('YQvK�'%PAY�C',AjR#?['YS#V(F^è�R±FIHJ�nQPFIz*=@ACHºACHJ\CFCW�=JTh%PzÆAL�9AC=xH@A^�#HJ'Cs

¯ÂQ~Ù�'YXZTh=JFIQn�nsO�ns@�EK�'¦V('Y?hXZW�=J�±'YV*A!R#?['YS#V(F^è�R±FIHJ�nQPFIz*=@ACH(ACHJ\CFCW�=@Th%PzbDGFCW�Th%('^òQPA^R#?hACX����W�FC�#HJ'Yz]s�$B%P=@?2K�AC? 'Z¿nT['YQPVP'YVT[FETh%('Oµt'Y=@\I%�T['YVtò7QPA^R�?hACXh���OWhFC�#HJ'Yz =@Q\Üf¿�'NW�XN=@?h'E�ýNns Ú 'NTˤì e#!#!#!Le Ë ¡ ehÏ ì e#!#!#!¤ehÏ ¡ eT² �±'j=@QP?hThACQPXZ'Y?�`�FCD�Th%P'jKO'Y=J\I%pT['YV�ò7QPA^R�?hACXh�URPWhFC�#H@'Yz]s�Üf¿�'NW[èXN=@?['!�ýN?h%PFLKB?O%(FLKmT[F!XZFIzjR�S(T['�¨ Û�Ä Å aR`Pi;`Ãz*A9¿ºÎ ] µ Ë µ � ³ µ ² ³ µ �tÎLÑ�eY�9ÒIe ] ³ µ �ÂÏ µ ¥³²wÒ=@QvTh=@z*'!³ja�k��ÿ¨ Û�Ä Å�i `�³*a�k © z*A9¿ Ë µÂihsÚ 'NT�W��±'rACQp��=@Q�T['N\C'NWLs¥µt'v?hXNACHJ'yTh%P'~XZFI?[Th?,�n�$W�ACQ#V�FC�PThAC=@QlA¥?�XNACHJ'YVw=xQP?[ThACQPXZ'` b ` a Ë¤ì ¬ W e#!#!#!¤e Ë ¡ ¬ W ehÏ ì e#!#!#!YehÏ ¡ eT²wihstµÃ%PA^TjV(Fn'Y?,?�XNACH@=@Q(\5V(FUD0FCWjSP? Ú u =JW�?[T!FCDEACH@H��Th%('B?�XNACHJ'YVy=@Q#?[ThACQPXZ'BXNACQr�±'B?[FIHJ�C'YVy�p��FIS(WOR#?['YSPV(F^è�R±FIHJ��Q(FIz*=xACHnACH@\CFCW�=JTh%Pz�=xQjTh=@zj'´³*a�kj�¨ Û�Ä Å aR` b i[i�` ³ja�k��@¨ Û�Ä Å aR`Pi ¬ WOih��KB%#=@X�%5XNACQ5�±'jz*ACV('jA^Wh�#=JT[W�A^W�=@HJ�]?hz*ACHxH �n�¾X�%(FnFI?h=@Q(\3WH@A^Wh\C''YQ(FIS(\I%�sEÙn'YXZFIQ#VPHJ�~Th%('FCRPTh=xz*ACH�?[FIHxS(Th=JFIQ]DGFCWBTh%(',?hXNACHJ'YV¾=@QP?[ThACQPXZ',=@?&Ay�C'NWh�]\CFpF�V?[FIH@SPTh=JFIQ]T[FyTh%P'FCW�=J\I=xQPACH±RPWhFC�#H@'Yz]s�½¾FCWh'!RPWh'YXN=@?['YH@�C�#HJ'NT!a ³2ì e#!#!#!Ye ³ ¡ i���ÎLÑ�eY�9Ò ¡ �±'7?hS#X�%Th%PA^T;¨ Û�Ä Å�aR` b i;`{] µ ³ µS��� Ë µ ¬ W�!ACQPVO] µ ³ µÁ�YÏ�µ"¥�² ACQPV]H@'NT7aRn ì e#!#!#!Yean ¡ i��5ÎLÑ�eY�9Ò ¡ �º'?hSPX�%]Th%PA^T¨ Û�Ä Å�aR`Pi;` ] n�µ�� Ë µ�ACQPV ] n�µ��YÏ�µ ¥�²wsf$B%('YQ

¨ Û�Ä Å�aR`Pi;` X n�µ�� Ë µª X ³ µ � Ë µ ��?h=@QPXZ'*aRn ì e#!#!#!¤ean ¡ i�=@?�FCRPTh=@z*ACH2D0FCW ``�W X ³ µ � Ë µ ¬ Wª W X ³ µ��S� Ë µ ¬ W�!ª W X n�µ��Á� Ë µ ¬ Ww! ��?h=@QPXZ'ja ³�ì e#!#!#!Le ³ ¡ i�=x?�FCRPTh=@z*ACH±DGFCW ` bª W X �yµ���a Ë µ ¬ W74��9iª ¨ Û�Ä ÅéaR`Pi24�k���W¬!

$&%nSP?�a�¨ Û�Ä ÅéaR`Pi24�] ³ µ�� Ë µ°i ¬ ¨ Û�Ä ÅZaR`(i�¥{k���W ¬ ¨ Û�Ä Å�aR`(ihsOµt'?hSPzyz*A^W�=J¸N'7=@Q� 3n<l<�á(BqxBâ"ã�ä£Wmåsã\æ�ø@õ�ìïøHä�ã�û�ã�úÜ�Â� íHã�ø�ìïø�ä)ìïî:ã7³*a�k���¨ Û�Ä Å aR`(i ¬ W�iê ã'ð�æ�ø�ð�ñ�îPòh÷sä�ãæ�ø}k)�´W ¬ ¨ Û�Ä ÅéaR`(iÏ­)æ#ò&òXú�ñ�ôsìïî3æCä�ãZü�ñ�ó ÷sä)ìDñ�ø§øyæ�î:ã�ó õd] ³ µ'� Ë µ�ê�íHã�ú�ã¾a ³�ì e#!#!#!Le ³ ¡ iPìïüZä)íHãñ�ò ä)ìïî:æ�ófü�ñ�ó�÷sä)ìDñ�ø���ã�ð�ä�ñÿú�2)ñÿúPä)íHã�ü�ð�æ�ó?ã�ù'òXú�ñCå�ó?ã�î��µt'5?[Th=@H@H&%#AY�C'5T[FlX�%(FnFI?['�W A^RPR#WhFCRPW�=@A^T['YH@�Cs Ú 'NTn®��®ÑlA^Wh�#=JT[W�A^W��Cs�Ùn'NT[Th=@Q(\9W `¤®^�¨ Û�Ä Å�aR`(i ¬ kvK�'�FC�PThAC=@Q�ACQB®[èdA^RPRPWhFL¿�=@zyA^T['&ACHJ\CFCW�=JTh%Pz�KB=@Th%!W�SPQPQP=@QP\&Th=@zj'B³ja�k © ¬ ®Nihsf$&%('NWh'=@?OA!XNA^ThX�%��(%(FLK�'N�C'NWY²(K�'´V(F,Q(FCT���Q(F¤K¯¨ Û�Ä ÅéaR`PihsfåBDGT['NW�ACH@H#Th%P'BR#S(W�RºFI?h'�FCD2Th%('EACH@\CFCW�=JTh%Pz=@?¦T[F¥A^R#RPWhFY¿(=@z*A^T[':¨ Û�Ä Å�aR`Pihsy$&%('jK�AY�5FIS(T7=x?¦T[F¥SP?['*AvWh'YAC?hFIQPA^�#HJ'*A^RPR#WhFY¿(=@z*A^Th=JFIQ5DGFCW¨ Û�Ä Å�aR`(i�=@QvTh%('V('Z·ºQP=JTh=JFIQ~FCDµW�s

¯ÂQvA,·#W�?[T�A^T[T['YzjR#T�KO'7SP?h'�W�`é�0®Pz*A9¿ Ë µ ¬ k�!\¥º®w��¨ Û�Ä Å aR`Pi ¬ k;s�$&%('YQvK�'¦FC�PThAC=@Q]ACQ®ÂèdA^R#RPWhFY¿(=@z*A^T['�ACHJ\CFCW�=JTh%Pz KB=JTh%,W�SPQPQ#=@Q(\&Th=@z*'�³*a�k��0¨ Û�Ä Å aR`Pi ¬ WOi�`|³*a�k © �°a�z*A9¿ Ë µ i ¬ WOi;`³ja�k { ¬ ®Ni�KB%P=xX�%]=@?&VP'Z·�QP=JT['YHJ�yKOFCW�?h'7Th%PACQ]KB%#A^T�KO'7K�FISPH@Vv\C'NT´=JD�K�'X�%(FI?['�WlFCR#Th=@z*ACH@HJ�Cs$&%('rWh'YAC?[FIQl=@?!FCDBXZFIS(W�?['rTh%PA^T,KO'vSP?['YVwFIQPHJ�5�C'NWh��K�'YA^���±FISPQ#VP?�FIQb¨ Û�Ä ÅZaR`(ih�fQPACz*'YHJ�z*A9¿ Ë µ ¥ ¨ Û�Ä ÅZaR`(iB¥ k�z*A9¿ Ë µ[s�å�z!SPX�%o�±'NT[T['NW,�±FISPQ#Vw=@?,RPW�FL��=@V('YVl�p��Üf¿�'NW�XN=@?[' « �ns$&%('NW�'!=JT¦=@?´?h%(FLKEQ¾Th%#A^T\¨ KB=@Th%7¨ Û�Ä Å�aR`Pi ª ¨ ª ¨ Û�Ä Å�aR`Pi ¬ « XNACQ¾�±'�XZFIzjR#S(T['YV5=@Q¥Th=@zj'³ja�k�H@FC\�k ihs�Ùn'NT[Th=@Q(\�W ` �0®j�H¨ ¬ k�!tK�'tFC�PThAC=@Q ACQm®ÂèdA^RPRPW�FY¿(=@z*A^T['�ACHJ\CFCW�=JTh%Pz>KB=JTh%W�SPQ#QP=@Q(\!Th=@zj'!³ja�k���¨ Û�Ä Å ¬ WOi;`�³*a�k © ¬ ®Zihsí�î�ï.ð0ñçò�ó^ô ìÂõZö�ì°÷Zö õhõ ø ñçù�îhô ìhì ô ì�ú û�ú�õ°û

Page 50: Max Planck Societymehlhorn/ftp/EATCSmonograph/chapter6.pdfü ý êéþºÿdÍ ü þ È@ÍnÿdÍ ±Í $&%(']'z¿ 'yxns(th=jfiq fcd¦atx %(fi=@xz'¥=xqp?[t[w spxzth=@fiqot[w acqp?[dg'nw

N^Ñ ü ý ê�þºÿdÍ������ë��� ü ��� þ�È@ÍNÿdÍ��±Í�����,ä�3n8#693n<­[qx)�"íHã@¶.ã�ì+û�í%ä�ã�ù4CPøyæ#òfü�æ�ðFE���ú�ñCå@óDã�îKíyæ�ü\æ~2Í÷�óþóHò ñ�ó õ&øHñ�îBìþæ�óqæ#ò&òfú�ñ�ôsìïî3æ�­ä)ìDñ�ø§ü�ðÍí%ã�î:ã¯�¶î:ñÿú�ãPòXú�ã�ð�ìïü�ã�ó õæ7�æ�ø´®;­)æ#ò&òXú�ñ�ôsìïî3æCä�ã3ü�ñ�ó�÷sä)ìDñ�ø ð�æ�ø¯åsã.ð�ñ�îPòh÷&ä�ã�ù7ìïøºä)ìïî:ã³ja�k © ¬ ®Ni=2)ñÿú;æ�ø�õQ®w��ÑD��S� �ý��� M&¶��vTh%('VP=x?hXNSP?h?h=@FIQrA^�±FL�C'Cs$&%(']T['YX�%PQP=@unS('�V('Y?�XZW�=J�±'YV}A^�±FL�C'¾=x?jQ(FCT*FIQPHJ�oA^RPR#Hx=@XNA^�#HJ'vT[F�Th%('¥KO'Y=J\I%pT['YVdòQPA^R#?hACX��RPWhFC��HJ'Yz]s;µt'XNACQ�W�A^Th%('NWB?[ThA^T[',upSP=@T['�\C'YQ('NW�ACH@HJ�ºM

Ù�XNACH@=@QP\E­w�O?['YSPVPF^è�RºFIH@�nQ(FIzy=@ACH±ACHJ\CFCW�=JTh%Pz ï \CFpF�V�A^RPR#WhFY¿(=@z*A^Th=JFIQ]ACH@\CFCW�=JTh%PzZ!Ùn'N'ZÜf¿�'NW�XN=@?h'Y? « Ý ACQPV « �nsw¯ÂQlDGACXZTN��Th%(']XZFIQPQ('YXZTh=@FIQo�º'NT�KO'N'YQ�R#?['YSPV(F^è�R±FIHJ��Q(FIz*=xACH�ACHÀè\CFCW�=JTh%#z*?EACQ#V¾D.SPH@H A^RPRPWhFL¿�=xz*A^Th=JFIQ5?hX�%P'Yzj'Y?�=@?E'N�C'YQt?[T[WhFIQ(\C'NWYs7$B%('!'Z¿(=@?[T['YQ#XZ',FCD�AyD.SPH@HA^RPRPW�FY¿(=@z*A^Th=JFIQ]?hX�%('Yzj'=xzjR#H@=J'Y?�Th%('�'Z¿(=@?[T['YQ#XZ'7FCD�AjR#?['YSPVPF^è�RºFIH@�nQ(FIzy=@ACH�ACH@\CFCW�=JTh%Pz]s�,ä�3n8#693n< 8cbqx3â"ã�ä�a�kje Ë i'åsã5æ3ò"ñ�ó+õsøHñ�î3ìþæ�óïó õwåsñC÷�øXùCã�ùRîBìþø&ìïîBì+��æCä)ì?ñ�ø.òXú�ñCå�óDã�î���ã%ñÿúìïø&ü�äWæ�øXð�ã ³ 7hóDã�ä � þºÿY�^ê^È a ³ iBåCãnä)íHã.ð�ñ�üýä\ñ32Mæ�øbñ�ò ä)ìïî3æ�óhü�ñ�ó�÷sä)ìDñ�ø�20ñÿú ³ ����2¦a�k�e Ë i�íHæ�ü'æ2�÷�óïó ò ñ�ó õsø%ñ�îBìþæ�óSæ#ò&òXú�ñ�ôCìïî:æCä)ìDñ�øÔü�ð�íHã�î:ãnæ�øXù � þºÿY�9ê^È a ³ i5ìïü�ò ñ�ó õ&øHñ�îBìþæ�óþó õ�åsñC÷�øXùCã�ù ìïøä)íHã ��É+*¤Í a ³ i�ñ32 ³ æ�øXù�ä)íHã;óþæ�ú�û�ã�ü�ä¬ìþøHä�ã�û�ã�ú �PÌ � ë�Í#� a ³ i�æ#ò&ò ã�æ�ú�ìïøCû�ìïø ³ ä)íHã�ø5a�k�e Ë i�íyæ�üMæòfü�ã�÷CùCñ�­ ò ñ�ó õsø%ñ�îBìþæ�óXæ�ó+û�ñÿú�ìWä)í&îO��S� �ý��� M Ú 'NT2���±'fA�D.SPH@H^A^RPR#WhFY¿(=@z*A^Th=JFIQ�?�X�%('Yzj'�D0FCW�a�kje Ë ihsf��%(FpFI?h'�®O` � ¬ a Ö a �éÉv*9Í a ³ ihe �PÌ � ë�Í#� a ³ i[i°­�9iKB%P'NWh']R±FIHJ�nQPFIz*=@ACH2Öm=@?j?hS#X�%}Th%PA^T � þºÿY�9êCÈ a ³ i:¥ Ö a �éÉv*9Í a ³ ihe �PÌ � ë�Í�� a ³ i[i!DGFCWyACH@H�=@Q�è?[ThACQPXZ'Y? ³ s Ú 'NT�n~�º'¦Th%('!?[FIH@S(Th=JFIQvR#WhFnV#SPXZ'YVv�p�Z� FIQ¥=@Q(R�S(Th? ³ ACQPV�®Ysf$&%('YQ

Ñ�¥ Ë a ³ ean#i½4 � þºÿY�9ê^È a ³ i a.�n�~V('Z·ºQP=JTh=JFIQ~FCD � þºÿY�^ê^È a ³ i[i¥º®C� � þºÿY�^ê^È a ³ i a�?h=@Q#XZ'�� =@?BACQ�A^RPRPWhFL¿�=xz*A^Th=JFIQ]?hX�%('Yzj'^i¸ � a.�n�~V('Z·ºQP=JTh=JFIQ~FCDh®Zihs

$&%nSP? Ë a ³ ean#iO` � þºÿY�9ê^È a ³ ih�Snv=@?EACQ�FCRPTh=@zyACH�?[FIH@SPTh=JFIQ]DGFCW ³ s u SPWhTh%('NW�zjFCW�'C�#Th%('!W�SPQPQP=xQ(\Th=@zj'BFCDX�ÃFIQr=@Q(R#SPTh? ³ ACQPV.®�=x?��±FISPQPV('YV��n�*A�R±FIHJ��Q(FIz*=@ACH(=@Q ��É+*¤Í a ³ i;ACQPV�� ¬ ®OKB%P=@X�%*=@QThS(W�Q]=x?&A*R±FIHJ��Q(FIz*=@ACH±=@Q �éÉv*9Í a ³ iOACQPV �PÌ � ë�Í�� a ³ ihs&ÙnF�a�kje Ë i�%PAC?BA*R#?['YSPV(F^è�R±FIHJ��Q(FIz*=xACHACHJ\CFCW�=@Th%Pz]s$&%('NFCW�'Yz , %PAC?&?hT[WhFIQ(\*=@zjR�H@=@XNA^Th=JFIQP?�DGFCWB?[T[WhFIQP\IHJ� �� èdXZFIzjR#H@'NT['RPWhFC��HJ'Yz*?Ns�$&%('N�~XNACQ�èQ(FCT&%PAL�C'!AjD.SPH@HºR±FIHJ��Q(FIz*=@ACH±A^RPR#WhFY¿(=@z*A^Th=JFIQ]?�X�%('Yzj'Cs�,ä�3n8#693n< 8H8yxh0���dùCñ�ã�ü øHñ�ä;íHææ��ã.æO2�÷�óïó¬ò ñ�ó õsø%ñ�îBìþæ�ó�æ#ò&òfú�ñ�ôsìïî3æCä)ìDñ�ø§ü�ð�íHã�î:ã¡- òXú�ñ�­��ì0ùCã�ù�ä)íyæCäh<©6` �;� 5Æ��S� �ý��� MEÙn¯Â$Æ?hA^Th=@?[·#'Y?,Th%('�AC?h?hSPz*RPTh=JFIQlFCDE$&%P'NFCWh'Yz , swÉ´FCT['�Th%PA^TjTh%P']T[FCThACH�Th=@zj'vWh'ZèunSP=JWh'Yzj'YQpTBFCDOACH@H(¹[FC�#?´=@?´XZ'NWhThAC=@QPHJ��ACQ5S(R#Rº'NWE�±FISPQPV�DGFCW¦Th%('!·�QP=@?h%#=@Q(\�Th=@zj'Cs�å´H@?[FvÙ�¯°$=@?�?[T[WhFIQP\IHJ� �� èdXZFIzjR#H@'NT['�a�$&%('NFCWh'Yz¦�nsO�nsO9pi�ACQPVoTh%('NWh'NDGFCWh']V(Fn'Y?*Q(FCTj%PAY�C'¾A5R#?['YSPV(F^èR±FIHJ��Q(FIz*=@ACHºACHJ\CFCW�=JTh%#z®a.RPWhF¤�n=@VP'YVvTh%PA^T=<Û6` �� �#$B%('NFCWh'YzK�nsO�ns « ihs

í�î�ï.ð0ñçò�ó^ô ìÂõZö�ì°÷Zö õhõ ø ñçù�îhô ìhì ô ì�ú û Ò ÷°û

Page 51: Max Planck Societymehlhorn/ftp/EATCSmonograph/chapter6.pdfü ý êéþºÿdÍ ü þ È@ÍnÿdÍ ±Í $&%(']'z¿ 'yxns(th=jfiq fcd¦atx %(fi=@xz'¥=xqp?[t[w spxzth=@fiqot[w acqp?[dg'nw

���!·��BA ý ÍÂ&�ê��HG��NÇ�ê�þPÍ ���yü ��� þºÈJÍ Ò É.ÿY» ü ÈJê����NÍ�� N��T U¹¸ UZYZg i�K;cf_hk�jÿeCc�NSiQoº��»Boqp�NIHWi��h^YP�¿�»~HWcfj�j�isj$&%('�z*AC=@Q,XZFIQPXZ'NW�Q�FCD�Th%P=@? X�%PA^R#T['NW�KO'NWh' �� èdXZFIzjR#H@'NT['�R#WhFC�#HJ'Yz*? ACQPV�%(F¤KlT[F7XZFCR±'�KB=JTh%Th%('Yz]sw¯°QoTh%#=@?�?['YXZTh=JFIQoK�']\CFt�º'N�CFIQ#V �� èdXZFIzjR�HJ'NT['YQ('Y?h?*ACQ#VwW�'YH@A^T[']Th%(']XZFIzjR#HJ'Z¿(=JT��XNH@AC?h?h'Y?�<�ACQ#V �;� T[Fj�^A^W�=JFISP?OFCTh%('NW&XNH@AC?h?h'Y?Ns�½¾FCWh'NFL�C'NWY�#KO'7H@=x?[TOA�QnSPz�±'NW�FCD�R#WhFC�#HJ'Yz*?ACQPV]\I=@�C'�Th%('Y=JWB?[ThA^ThS#?&KB=JTh%vW�'Y?[R±'YXZT�T[F*Th%('Y?['XNHxAC?h?['Y?Ns

$B%('yDGFIH@HJF¤KB=@Q(\UVP=@A^\CW�ACz�?h%(F¤KB?�A¥Wh'YH@'N�9ACQpT�R#A^WhT,FCD&Th%('vH@ACQPVP?hXNA^R±'rFCDBXZFIzjR#HJ'Z¿(=JT��XNH@AC?h?h'Y?�KB%('NWh'�»��m�±Ê�¼jzj'YACQ#?y»����¨Ê�¼�s

IM� 4�� �� `{f ì � f © � f { � f ú � �����¼ ½ ¼ ½< � &µ¾f� ` IM� _ ËÔ� 4 IM� xS�/� �@¹s� Jjü ѽ ¼ ½ ¼

Ë�� 4 IM� 4�� Ë�� 4 �;� `TW ì �±W © � W { � W ú � �����$&%('fXNHxAC?h?['Y?2<{ACQPV �� K�'NWh'OV('Z·ºQ('YV�A^�±FL�C'Cs�$&%('�XNHxAC?h? �@¹s� Jjü Ñ =@?2Th%('�?['NT FCD�HxACQ(\ISPA^\C'Y?KB%P=xX�%�XNACQm�±'¥W�'YXZFC\IQP=J¸N'YVm�p�}R±FIHJ��Q(FIz*=xACH@HJ�o?[R#ACXZ'U�ºFIS#QPV('YV�$ S(W�=@QP\�z*ACX�%#=@Q('Y?Ns u FCWXNH@AC?h? �@¹s� Jjü Ñ =JTE=@?´=JWhW�'YHJ'N�9ACQpTBKE%('NTh%('NW¦V('NT['NW�z*=@Q#=@?[Th=@X¦FCW�Q(FIQPVP'NT['NW�z*=@QP=x?[Th=@X�z*ACX�%P=@Q('Y?A^Wh'~XZFIQP?h=@V('NW�'YV�adÙ�AY��=JThX�%{a Ý Ñni[ihs¥$B%('yXNH@AC?h?h'Y?¶f ì e%f © e%f { e#!#!#!;ACQPV¡W ì e6W © e6W { e#!#!#! DGFCW�zTh%('~R±FIHJ�nQPFIz*=@ACHf%P=@'NW�A^W�X�%p��adÙnT[F�Xh��zj'N�C'NW�t9½¾'N�C'NW¾a Ý 9pi[ihs�$B%('Y?['vXNH@AC?h?['Y?�A^Wh'vV('Z·�Q('YVlAC?DGFIH@HJFLKE?NMfSµ ` Î�¹B²&¹�� � Ó DGFCWE?[FIz*'¦·�QP=JT['7ACHJR�%PA^�±'NT¶�lACQPV]Th%('NW�'7=@?&?[FIzj'RºFIH@�nQ(FIzy=@ACH

Th=@zj'XZFIz*R#S(ThA^�#HJ'¦RPW�'YVP=@XNA^T['�Ö a ³ ean ì e#!#!#!Lean�µ°iOACQ#V�A�R±FIHJ�nQPFIz*=@ACH s?hSPX�%�Th%PA^T�DGFCWEACH@H ³ �R� Ó M³ �Q¹�=+*¡mon ì 7Sn © mon { !#!#!!Ma�� n ì ��¥ s a�� ³ � i�ACQPVd!#!#!La�� n�µ���¥ s a�� ³ � iOACQPV Ö a ³ ean ì e#!#!#!¤ean�µ°i[i[ÒW�µ ` Ë�� 4�fSµ

KB%('NW�' Ë�� 4m¨ ` Îý� Ó 4m¹B².¹�� ¨�ACQ#Vº��A�·�QP=@T['UACHJR�%PA^�±'NTZÒ¾DGFCWvACQp�{XNHxAC?h?R¨ FCDH@ACQ(\IS#A^\C'Y?Nsb$&%('tH@ACQP\ISPA^\C'Y?]=@Q{fSµ,A^Wh'�V('Z·�Q('YV{�n��DGFCW�z!S#H@A^'5KB=JTh%�(*ACHJT['NW�QPA^Th=@FIQP?~FCDunSPACQ�Th=J·#'NW�?�?[ThA^WhTh=@QP\tKB=JTh%}ACQo'Z¿(=@?[T['YQpTh=@ACH&unSPACQ�Th=J·#'NWYso$&%(']upS#ACQ�Th=À·�'NW�?�W�ACQ(\C']F¤�C'NWrACH@H?[T[W�=xQ(\I?�KB%(FI?['�H@'YQ(\CTh%�=@?jR±FIHJ��Q(FIz*=xACH@HJ�t�±FISPQPV('YVo=@QoTh%P'¥HJ'YQ(\CTh%}FCD ³ sÃÙ�=@z*=@HxA^W�HJ�C��Th%('H@ACQ(\IS#A^\C'Y?�=@QOW�µ�A^Wh'jV('Z·�Q('YVU�n��DGFCW�z!S#H@A^'�KB=JTh%£(�ACHJT['NW�QPA^Th=JFIQ#?EFCD�upS#ACQ�Th=À·�'NW�?E?hThA^WhTh=@Q(\KB=JTh%oACQ}SPQ#=J�C'NW�?hACH�unSPACQ�Th=J·#'NWYs�¯ÂQ}$&%('NFCWh'Yz �vFCD�Ùn'YXZTh=JFIQ �ns « K�']RPWhF¤�C'YV �� ` f ì s$&%(',=@QPXNH@S#?h=JFIQP? fSµO�ùfSµ � ì �?fSµO�ßW�µ � ì �SWµ��®fSµ � ì �ºACQPV�fSµO� �@¹C� J*ü Ñ DGFCW¦ACH@H2(�A^Wh'FC�n�n=JFIS#?Ns�¯�T�=@?�Q(FCT���Q(F¤KBQ~KB%('NTh%('NW�Th%('¦R±FIHJ��Q(FIz*=@ACHº%P=J'NW�A^W�X�%p�r=@?�=@Q(·�QP=JT['EFCW�KB%('NTh%('NW&=JTXZFIH@H@A^R�?['Y?&A^TB?[FIz*'¦·�QP=JT['7HJ'N�C'YH�s

$B%('jWh'Yz*AC=@Q#=@Q(\]XNH@AC?h?['Y?A^Wh'yV('Z·�QP'YVt�p�5RPW�FC�#A^�#=@H@=x?[Th=@XzyACX�%P=@QP'Y?*a�XZD�s;Ùn'YXZTh=JFIQ�¯és « ihsµt'%PAL�C'xS��� `�Î�¹&²y¹��Ô� Ó D0FCWB?hFIzj'¦·�QP=JT['7ACH@R#%PA^�±'NTS�wACQPV]Th%P'NWh'=@?�AjR±FIHJ��Q(FIz*=xACH

XZFIzjR�S(ThA^�#HJ'¦RPWh'YV#=@XNA^T['�Ö a ³ eanPiOACQ#V]AjR±FIHJ�nQPFIz*=@ACH s ?hSPX�%�Th%PA^T³ ��¹�ï � Î�n�²,� n��I` s a�� ³ � i�ACQPV Ö a ³ eanPi[Òn� ª {ú � ��� � à ŠÀ Šij ¬��¹�ï � Î�n�²,� n��I` s a�� ³ � i�ACQPVr�HÖ a ³ eanPi[Òn� ª {ú � ��� � à ŠÀ Å Ä Ò@!

í�î�ï.ð0ñçò�ó^ô ìÂõZö�ì°÷Zö õhõ ø ñçù�îhô ìhì ô ì�ú û Ò ì�û

Page 52: Max Planck Societymehlhorn/ftp/EATCSmonograph/chapter6.pdfü ý êéþºÿdÍ ü þ È@ÍnÿdÍ ±Í $&%(']'z¿ 'yxns(th=jfiq fcd¦atx %(fi=@xz'¥=xqp?[t[w spxzth=@fiqot[w acqp?[dg'nw

N « ü ý ê�þºÿdÍ������ë��� ü ��� þ�È@ÍNÿdÍ��±Í����$&%nSP?¦A]H@ACQ(\ISPA^\C'*=x?�=@Q x¶�/� a.�±FISPQPV('YV¾RPWhFC��A^�#=@H@=JT���FCD�'NW�WhFCWNiB=JD�=JT�XNACQt�±',W�'YXZFC\IQP=J¸N'YV�n�yAR#WhFC�#A^�#=@Hx=@?[Th=@X�z*ACX�%P=@Q('´KB%(FI?['´K�FCW�?[TÂèdXNAC?['¦W�SPQ#QP=@Q(\�Th=@z*'´=@?OR±FIHJ��Q(FIz*=@ACH@H@��±FISPQPV('YVACQPV5KB%PFI?['*ACQP?[K�'NW�?7A^Wh'jW�'YH@=@A^�#HJ',KB=JTh%5R#WhFC�#A^�#=@Hx=JTd��9 ¬ | syå´HJ\CFCW�=@Th%Pz*?¦=@Q5Th%P=@?�XNHxAC?h?7A^Wh'ACH@?[F!Wh'NDG'NWhWh'YV*T[F�AC?ORºFIH@�nQ(FIzy=@ACH@HJ�!�ºFIS#QPV('YV*½¾FIQ�T['7��A^W�H@FACHJ\CFCW�=JTh%#z*?Ns;¯°QyTh%('EVP'Z·�QP=JTh=JFIQFCD IM� a.W�ACQ#V(FIz©<�i�K�'7ACH@HJF¤K�FIQPHJ�~FIQ('Zèd?h=xV('YVv'NWhWhFCWYsIM� ` Î�¹&²y¹��Ô� Ó D0FCWE?[FIzj'�·�Q#=JT['7ACHJR#%PA^�±'NTS�wACQ#V]Th%('NWh'7=@?BA�RºFIH@�nQ(FIzy=@ACHºTh=@zj'

XZFIz*R#S(ThA^�#HJ'�R#Wh'YVP=@XNA^T['SÖ a ³ eanPi�ACQPV�AjR±FIHJ��Q(FIz*=@ACH s ?hSPX�%]Th%PA^T³ �R¹�ï � Î�n#²�� n±�I` s a�� ³ � i�ACQPV Ö a ³ ean#i[Òn� ª {ú � ��� � à ŠÀ Šij ¬�R¹�ï � Î�n#²�� n±�I` s a�� ³ � i�ACQPVr�%Ö a ³ ean#i[Òn�I`�� ��� � à ŠÀ Å Ä Ò@!

$&%nSP?BA~H@ACQ(\IS#A^\C'5¹Ã=@?´=@Q IM� =JD�A~?[T[W�=@Q(\ ³ �7¹Ã=@?´ACXNXZ'NRPT['YVUKB=JTh%¥RPWhFC�#A^��=@H@=JT��~A^T¦HJ'YAC?[T9@t | ACQPVyA�?[T[W�=@Q(\�FISPTh?h=@V('�¹�=x?�Q('N�C'NWOACXNXZ'NRPT['YV2s�¯°QjFCTh%P'NWfKOFCW�VP?N�ITh%('NW�'B=@?�A¦RPWhFC��A^�#=@H@=@?hTh=@XACHJ\CFCW�=@Th%Pz�KB%(FI?['jK�FCW�?[TÂèdXNAC?['yW�SPQPQP=xQ(\yTh=@z*'�=x?¦�ºFIS#QPV('YV¾�p�5AvR±FIHJ�nQPFIz*=@ACH�s½¾FCWh'NF¤�C'NWY�=JTh?j»Â�C'Y?ÂèdACQ#?[KO'NW�?h¼yA^Wh'7XZFIz*R#HJ'NT['YHJ�~Wh'YH@=@A^��HJ'E��S(T�=JTh?*»[Q(F^èdACQP?hKO'NW�?�¼jA^Wh'Q(FCTN�P=�s�'CsJ�#Th%('NWh'7=@?AjR±FI?h?h=@�#=@H@=JT��jTh%PA^T ³ ��¹�ACQ#V]Th%('ACHJ\CFCW�=JTh%PzÆFIS(T[R�S(Th?*»[Q(FI¼�sOÛEF¤KO'N�C'NWY�ºTh%('7R#WhFC�#A^�#=@Hx=JTd�Th%PA^T�'YQv'YHJ'Yzj'YQpT ³ �Q¹}=@?�V('YXNH@A^Wh'YV~T[Fj�±'´FIS(Th?h=@V('´FCD½¹�=@?�A^T&zjFI?[T�� ¬ | sO$&%P'´=@Q#XNH@SP?h=JFIQ#?IM� � x¶�/� � Ë�� 4 IM� � xS��� � IM� � �� ACQPV Ë�� 4 IM� � Ë�� 4 �;� A^Wh'�FC�p��=JFISP?Ys åE\IAC=@Q=JT�=x?�Q(FCT �nQ(F¤KBQ7KE%('NTh%('NW ACQp��FCD(Th%('Y?['�=@QPXNH@S#?h=JFIQP?±A^Wh'ORPWhFCR±'NWYs�¯ÂQPXN=@VP'YQ�ThACH@H@�C�LTh%('�upSPACQpTh=JT��9 ¬ | =xQ5Th%('yV('Z·�Q#=JTh=JFIQ5FCD IM� ACQ#V xS��� =@?Q(FCT7Th%('*FIQ#HJ�UX�%(FI=@XZ'*R±FI?h?�=J�#HJ'Cs*å´Q��5Wh'YACH� KB=JTh%U� ¬ « ¸  :¸ �¦XZFISPH@Vr�±'BThA^�C'YQ�=xQP?[T['YACVrFCD½9 ¬ | s�$&%P=x?�DGFIH@HJF¤KB?O=xz*zj'YVP=@A^T['YH@�,DGWhFIz Th%('Wh'Y?hS#HJTh?�FCD�Ùn'YXZTh=@FIQ�¯és « sBåEHx?[F(�#K�',zy=J\I%�TBWh'YupS#=JWh'7Th%PA^T´FIQPHJ�vTh%('!'Z¿nR±'YXZT['YV¾W�SPQPQ#=@Q(\�Th=@zj'=@?O�±FISPQPV('YVj�n�yA!R±FIHJ�nQPFIz*=@ACH(KB=@Th%(FIS(T�ACQp�yX�%#ACQ(\C'�=@QyTh%P'´H@ACQP\ISPA^\C'´XNHxAC?h?['Y?Ns u =@QPACH@H@�C�p=@QTh%(',V('Z·�QP=JTh=@FIQvFCDfXNH@AC?h? &µ¾f� a Ú AC?=z�'N\IAC?\<�i�KO',ACH@HJF¤K�Q(FyRPWhFC�#A^�#=xH@=JTd�~FCD�'NWhWhFCW´ACQPV¾KO'¹hSP?[T�Wh'YunSP=JWh'¦Th%PA^TBTh%('�'Z¿nR±'YXZT['YV¥W�SPQPQP=xQ(\!Th=xzj'7=@?�R±FIHJ��Q(FIz*=@ACH@H@�j�ºFIS#QPV('YV�s&µ¾f� ` Î�¹B²y¹��Ô� Ó DGFCWB?[FIzj'7·�QP=JT['�ACHJR#%#A^�º'NT��lACQPV]Th%('7X�%PA^W�ACXZT['NW�=x?[Th=@X�D.SPQPXZTh=JFIQ

FCD ¹�=@?�XZFIzjR�S(T['YV��n�~A Ú AC?�z�'N\IAC?´ACHJ\CFCW�=JTh%#z a�XZD�s�Ùn'YXZTh=JFIQ]¯és « iKB%(FI?['�W�SPQPQP=@QP\!Th=@z*'7=@?��±FISPQPV('YV~�n�~A*RºFIH@�nQ(FIzy=@ACH@Ò

$&%('�DGFIH@HJF¤KB=@Q(\,Th%('NFCWh'Yz�?[ThA^T['Y?ETh%('�TdK�FrQ(FIQ(è�T[W�=J��=@ACH±=@QPXNH@SP?�=JFIQP?�=@QvTh%('7VP=xA^\CW�ACz A^�±FL�C'Cs�,ä�3n8#693n< 8yxAni &�¾f� ` IM� _ Ë�� 4 I=� ���i xS�/� �§f © ��S� �ý��� M&Ani�µt'U?�%(FLK &µ¾f� � IM� � &µ¾f� � Ë�� 4 IM� ACQPV IM� _ Ë�� 4 I=� � &�¾X� s��FIQP?�=@V('NW &µ¾f� � IM� ·�W�?[TNs;¯�D¬¹�� &�¾f� Th%P'YQvKO'7XNACQvWh'YXZFC\IQ#=J¸N'�¹}�n�rACQ]ACHJ\CFCW�=@Th%Pz �KB%(FI?h'�'Z¿�R±'YXZT['YVjW�SPQ#QP=@Q(\&Th=xzj'�=@?;�±FISPQPV('YV!�p�,A¦R±FIHJ�nQPFIz*=@ACH��^?hAY� s ��ACQPV,KB%(FI?h'�FIS(T[R#S(Th?A^Wh'yXZFIz*R#HJ'NT['YHJ�5Wh'YH@=xA^�#HJ'Cs~��FIQ#?h=@V('NW�Th%('yD0FIH@H@FLKB=@QP\�ACHJ\CFCW�=JTh%Pz �E��M�L¦Q�=@QPR#S(T ³ =@T7W�SPQP?ACHJ\CFCW�=@Th%Pz �|DGFCW�A^T�z*FI?[T´�NÑ1� s a�� ³ � i�?hT['NR#?Ns�¯°Dq��%PAC?OT['NW�z*=@QPA^T['YVr�±'ND0FCW�'ETh%PA^T�Th=@zj',a�ACQPVTh%P=@?&FnXNXNS(W�?&KB=JTh%�RPWhFC�#A^�#=xH@=JTd�r'Z¿�XZ'N'YV#=@Q(\ , ¬ �NÑni�Th%('YQQ� � FIS(T[R#S(Th?BKB%PA^T['N�C'NW�� FISPT[R#S(Th?Nsí�î�ï.ð0ñçò�ó^ô ìÂõZö�ì°÷Zö õhõ ø ñçù�îhô ìhì ô ì�ú û Ò © û

Page 53: Max Planck Societymehlhorn/ftp/EATCSmonograph/chapter6.pdfü ý êéþºÿdÍ ü þ È@ÍnÿdÍ ±Í $&%(']'z¿ 'yxns(th=jfiq fcd¦atx %(fi=@xz'¥=xqp?[t[w spxzth=@fiqot[w acqp?[dg'nw

���!·��BA ý ÍÂ&�ê��HG��NÇ�ê�þPÍ ���yü ��� þºÈJÍ Ò É.ÿY» ü ÈJê����NÍ�� N�9

¯°DS��%PAC?!QPFCTT['NW�z*=xQPA^T['YV�KE=JTh%P=@Q}�NÑ�� s a�� ³ � i¦?[T['NR�?Th%('YQ§�´�fFIS(T[R#SPTh?!Q(F(s¥¯°Q�Th%P=@?7K�AY�Th%('¦�C'Y?ÂèdACQP?hKO'NW�?&FCD½� � A^W�'7XZFIzjR#HJ'NT['YHJ�yWh'YH@=@A^�#H@'B�#S(T�Q(F^èdACQ#?[KO'NW�?�A^Wh'�Q(FCTNs�ÛEF¤KO'N�C'NWL�#Th%('RPWhFC��A^�#=@H@=JT��5FCDBA5Q(F^èdACQP?[K�'NW�D0FCW ³ �¯¹Á=@?�A^TjzjFI?[Tv� ¬ �NÑ�sw$&%nSP?'¹§� IM� ACQPVo%('YQPXZ'&�¾X� � I=� så�?h=@z*=xH@A^W!A^Wh\IS#zj'YQ�T*?�%(FLKB? &�¾X� � ËÔ� 4 IM� sma)� � FIS(T[R�S(Th?��C'Y?j=JD&Th%('�XNH@FnX��w=@?'Z¿(%PACSP?[T['YV±ihs

É´'Z¿�TBK�'7ThS(W�Q¥T[FyTh%('=xQPXNH@SP?h=@FIQ I=� _ Ë�� 4 I=� � &µ¾f� s Ú 'NT=¹m� IM� _ ËÔ� 4 IM� s$&%('YQvK�'%PAL�C'RPW�FC�#A^�#=@H@=x?[Th=@XBACH@\CFCW�=JTh%Pz*?�� ì ACQPV�� © ?�SPX�%]Th%#A^T�9irTh%P'�KOFCW�?hTÂèdXNAC?['W�S#QPQP=@Q(\,Th=@zj'�FCD � ì ACQPVR� © =@?��±FISPQ#V('YV~�p�]A�R±FIHJ��Q(FIz*=@ACH���?hAL� s �« irTh%P'��C'Y?ÂèdACQP?[K�'NW�?&FCD � ì ACQPV]Th%P'7Q(F^èdACQP?[K�'NW�?&FCD"� © A^Wh'�Wh'YHx=@A^�#HJ'C²9pirTh%P'�R#WhFC�#A^�#=@Hx=JTd�¦Th%PA^Th� ì \I=J�C'Y?fA´K&WhFIQ(\¦ACQP?[K�'NWf=@?;A^TfzjFI?[T�� ¬ | ACQPV,Th%('�R#WhFC�#A^�#=@Hx=JTd�Th%#A^T=� © \I=J�C'Y?BA�K&W�FIQ(\*ACQP?[K�'NWE=@?�A^TEzjFI?[T� ¬ | sµt'7?h%(F¤K|%(FLK|T[FjWh'YXZFC\IQ#=J¸N'�¹oKB=JTh%~¸N'NWhF�RPWhFC��A^�#=@H@=JT��jFCD�'NWhW�FCW�ACQ#VrR±FIHJ��Q(FIz*=xACH#AY�C'NW�A^\C'W�SPQ#QP=@Q(\!Th=@zj'Cs Ú 'NT ³ �±'7A^Wh�#=@T[W�A^Wh�CsO��FIQP?�=@V('NW�Th%('7DGFIH@HJF¤KB=@Q(\�'Z¿�Rº'NW�=@zj'YQpTNs��%(FpFI?h'´A�W�ACQ#V(FIzån*KB=JTh%�� n��C` s a�� ³ � i�ACQPV]XZFIz*R#S(T['\� ì a ³ ean#i�ACQPVn� © a ³ ean#ihs�$&%P=@?ThA^�C'Y?fTh=xzj'B³ja s a�� ³ � i[ihs�¯°D%� ì a ³ ean#i�`Æ»Â�C'Y?h¼�Th%('YQ ³ �±'YHJFIQP\I?;T[F�¹�ACQPVj=JDH� © a ³ eanPi�`§»[Q(FI¼Th%('YQ ³ V(Fp'Y?�QPFCT��º'YH@FIQ(\�T[F3¹&s&a0É´FCT['7Th%PA^TB=@T�=x?�=@zjR±FI?h?h=J��HJ'&Th%PA^TM� ì a ³ ean#i;`§»Â�C'Y?�¼yACQPV� © a ³ ean#i!`>»[Q(FI¼UFnXNXNS(Wj?h=xz!SPH@ThACQ('NFISP?hHJ�CsÀi|¯ÂQ�'Y=@Th%('NWjXNAC?[']KO']%PAL�C']XZFCWhWh'YXZThHJ�lV('YXN=@V('YVTh%('jzj'Yz!�±'NW�?h%P=JR¾FCD ³ KB=@Th%¾W�'Y?[R±'YXZTET[FR¹Bs$&%('!·�QPACH XNAC?['jTh%PA^T�=@?´T[Fv�±',XZFIQP?�=@V('NWh'YV5=@?� ì a ³ ean#i;`§»[Q(FI¼!ACQPVB� © a ³ ean#i;`§»Â�C'Y?�¼Ps�$&%('YQ ³ ��¹lACQPV ³ ¬�R¹wA^Wh'E�±FCTh%*XZFIQPXZ'Y=J�^A^�#HJ'Cs¯°D ³ ��¹ÃTh%P'YQ¾Th%P'�ACQ#?[KO'NW\� ì a ³ ean#i�`®»[Q(FI¼v=@?BKBWhFIQ(\vACQPVUTh%P=@?E'N�C'YQ�T7%PAC?¦R#WhFC�#A^�#=@Hx=JTd�A^T&zjFI?[T7� ¬ | ACQPV]=JD ³ ¬�R¹�Th%('YQvTh%P'7ACQP?[K�'NWM� © a ³ eanPi�`§»Â�C'Y?h¼*=@?�KBWhFIQ(\jACQPVvTh%P=@?�'N�C'YQpT%PAC?,RPWhFC��A^�#=@H@=JT��tA^T�z*FI?[T]� ¬ | st¯°Ql'Y=JTh%('NWjXNAC?['C�OKO'v?['N'vTh%PA^T�Th%('vRPWhFC��A^�#=@H@=JT��5Th%PA^T�KO'XNACQPQ(FCT�V('YXN=xV('BTh%('�zj'Yz!�±'NW�?h%P=@R*FCD ³ =@Q:¹}=@?�A^T�zjFI?[T¦� ¬ | sfÛE'YQ#XZ'´Th%P'´R#WhFC�#A^�#=@Hx=JTd�,Th%PA^T(E'Z¿nR±'NW�=@z*'YQ�Th?!A^Wh'rQ('N'YVP'YV�T[F5V('YXN=@V('yTh%('rzj'Yz!�±'NW�?h%P=@R�=@?A^T�zjFI?[T~� ¬ | µ � ì ACQPVw%('YQPXZ'Th%('r'Z¿nR±'YXZT['YVlQpSPz!�±'NWFCD�'Z¿�R±'NW�=@zj'YQpTh?Q('N'YVP'YVw=@? ] µÀ¿ ÷ ( ¬ | µ � ì `�³*a[�9ihs¾$&%#=@?�RPWhF¤�C'Y?¹�� &µ¾f� s��i�å RPWhFnFCD XNACQ¥�±'´DGFISPQPV¥=@Q¥Ù�=JR#?h'NW¦a���9pi�FCW Ú ACSPT['Yz*ACQPQ�a�� | ihsÉ´FIQ('¦FCD�Th%('�=@QPXNHxSP?h=JFIQP?�=@Q~Th%('�VP=@A^\CW�ACz§A^�±FL�C'7A^Wh'¦��Q(FLKEQrT[Fj�±'´RPWhFCR±'NWYs;Û´FLK�'N�C'NWY�PTh%('=@QPXNHxSP?h=JFIQP?´A^Wh'yQPFCT=@QPV('NR±'YQPVP'YQ�TNs u FCW!'Z¿�ACzjR�HJ'C� =JT7=x?¦�nQ(F¤KBQtTh%PA^T IM� ` �;� =@zjR#H@=@'Y?f © `åf { `åf ú !#!#!�aRò7A^W�R%t Ú =JR#T[FIQ�a��^Ñni[ihsyµt'rKB=@H@H;Q(F¤K�ThS(W�Q5T[F�R#WhFC�#HJ'Yz*?�ACQ#Vt\I=J�C'yAH@=@?hT�FCD RPWhFC��HJ'Yz*?�ACQPV]Th%P'Y=JW&?[ThA^ThSP?BKB=JTh%vWh'Y?[R±'YXZT�T[F*Th%P'Y?['XNH@AC?h?h'Y?NsɦACzj'CM \ SPACQpTh=À·#'YVv¶�FnFIHJ'YACQ u FCW�z!SPHxA^'yarÁ x£± ihs¯ÂQ(R#S(TNM å�upSPACQpTh=À·#'YVv�±FnFIHJ'YACQ]DGFCW�z,SPH@A,FCD;Th%('�D0FCW�zk ì�³2ì k © ³ © !#!#!�k Ö ³ Ö gya ³2ì e#!#!#!Le ³ Ö ean ì ean ¡ i�KB%P'NWh'rg =@?�A¾�±FpFIHJ'YACQw'Z¿�RPWh'Y?Âè

?h=JFIQvF¤�C'NWEFCR±'NW�A^T[FCW�?&á#Ü Ý��#8�6��ºÜ�8#ÞI�³�ì e#!#!#!¤e ³ Ö ean ì e#!#!#!¤ean ¡ A^W�'��ºFnFIHJ'YACQ~�^A^W�=@A^�#HJ'Y?Y��ACQ#VOk\µ;�tÎ3mºeF7 Ò=@?�AjupSPACQpTh=Àè·#'NWYs\ S('Y?hTh=JFIQ�M*»FÂf'Y?h¼r=JD�Th%('D0FCW�z,SPH@A�=@?B?hA^Th=@?·�A^��HJ'C�(ACQPV�»[Q(FI¼��PFCTh%P'NWhKB=@?['Cs

�,ä�3n8#693n<áÓXx�-y0fä�ñCðFE�î:ã�õCã�ú�Ã@é7ã�õCã�ú�-TÄt=Æ565|Å�Á x£± ìïü �@¹s� Jjü Ñ ­ ð�ñ�îPòqóDã�ä�ã3�í�î�ï.ð0ñçò�ó^ô ìÂõZö�ì°÷Zö õhõ ø ñçù�îhô ìhì ô ì�ú û Ò {°û

Page 54: Max Planck Societymehlhorn/ftp/EATCSmonograph/chapter6.pdfü ý êéþºÿdÍ ü þ È@ÍnÿdÍ ±Í $&%(']'z¿ 'yxns(th=jfiq fcd¦atx %(fi=@xz'¥=xqp?[t[w spxzth=@fiqot[w acqp?[dg'nw

N | ü ý ê�þºÿdÍ������ë��� ü ��� þ�È@ÍNÿdÍ��±Í����u FCWfTh%P'&XNH@AC?h?['Y?�FCDºTh%('�R±FIHJ��Q(FIz*=@ACHn%P=J'NW�A^W�X�%p�C��Q(F7XZFIzjR�HJ'NT['�RPWhFC�#H@'Yz*?;A^Wh'��nQPFLKBQ�'Z¿(XZ'NRPTDGFCWBXNH@AC?h?['Y?^f ì a �� èdXZFIzjR#HJ'NT['^i�ACQPVrf © sɦACzj'CM ŦQP=@unS('YHJ�.L´R#Th=@z*ACH±$�W�AY�C'YH@=@QP\~Ù�ACHJ'Y?hzyACQ]$�FIS(W!a.Å\L¦$´Ù�ihs¯ÂQ(R#S(TNM å´Q�=@QP?[ThACQ#XZ'�FCD Th%('T[W�AY�C'YH@=xQ(\*?hACHJ'Y?hzyACQ]RPWhFC�#H@'Yz]s\ S('Y?hTh=JFIQ�M*»FÂf'Y?h¼��º=JD�Th%('NW�'=@?�A*SPQ#=@upSP'EFCRPTh=xz*ACH�T[FIS(WY�PACQ#V�»[Q(FI¼��PFCTh%('NW�KB=@?['�,ä�3n8#693n<��fx�-/�hæ#òqæ�ù�ìïîBìWä0ú�ì?ñC÷r-ÀƦÇ3565|Å�'wÈj�C0Zìïü f © ­ ð�ñ�îPòfóDã�ä�ã3�å´Q(FCTh%('NW¦'Z¿�ACz*R#HJ',FCDOA�f © èdXZFIzjR#H@'NT[',R#WhFC�#HJ'Yz�=@?´\I=J�C'YQ5=@Q¾Û´S(��QP%la�� « ihM¦Th%('j=@Q('YunSP=J�^A9èHJ'YQPXZ'�R#WhFC�#HJ'Yz§DGFCWBXZFIQpT['Z¿nTÂè�DGWh'N',\CW�ACz*z*A^W�?&KB=JTh%vFIQ('H@'NT[T['NW&T['NW�z*=@Q#ACH�ACHJR#%PA^�±'NTNs

u FCWrTh%('URPWhFC��A^�#=@H@=@?hTh=@XrXNHxAC?h?['Y? &µ¾f� � IM� � Ë�� 4 I=� � xS��� Th%('NWh'¾A^W�'UQ(Fw�nQPFLKBQXZFIzjR#H@'NT['*RPWhFC�#H@'Yz*?Ns�¯°Q5D.ACXZTN�;åEVPH@'Yz*ACQ�a Ý �piB\I=J�C'Y?!?[T[WhFIQ(\¥Wh'YAC?[FIQP?�Th%#A^T7Th%('Y?['yXNHxAC?h?['Y?XNACQPQ(FCTEXZFIQ�ThAC=@Q�RPWhFC�#HJ'Yzy?NsɦACzj'CM ���E¯°½QÜ�Ù�s¯ÂQ(R#S(TNM å´Q�=@QpT['N\C'NWBkt=@Qv�#=@Q#A^Wh�rQ(FCThA^Th=@FIQ�s\ S('Y?hTh=JFIQ�M£Âf'Y?N�#=@D kt=@?&A�R#W�=@zj'C�(ACQPV�QPF(�PFCTh%('NWhKB=x?['Cs�,ä�3n8#693n<¤�qxAni}�/ç ��é3�e0r� Ë�� 4 �� ���i~�/ç ��é3�e0r� �� �X9i}�/ç ��é3�e0r� Ë�� 4 IM� ��S� �ý��� M&Ani=@?�T[W�=J�n=xACH�����i7XNACQ}�±'vD0FISPQ#Vl=xQw�OW�A^T[T�a Ý Npi!ACQPVoX9i!XNACQo�±'vDGFISPQPVo=@Q�ÙnFIHJF^è�^AY�&tCÙnT[W�AC?h?['YQ a Ý�Ý ihslµt'¥\I=J�C'�A5�C'NWh���#W�=J'NDB?[�C'NThX�%�FCD´R#A^WhTjX9ihs u FCWy=@QpT['N\C'NW�?Ö�ACQPV sKB%P=xX�%]A^Wh'7W�'YH@A^Th=J�C'YHJ�rRPW�=@zj'¦Th%(' Ú 'N\C'YQPV(W�'7?[�nz!�±FIH�a s ¬ Ö2iO=@?&VP'Z·�Q('YVv�n�a s ¬ Ö2i;` � � =JD s =@?�AyupSPACVPW�A^Th=@X¦Wh'Y?h=xVPS('�zjF�V'Ö��#=�s�'CsJ� s ` ³ © zjF�V�Ö¥DGFCWB?[FIzj' ³ ²

4� FCTh%('NWhKB=@?h'Cs$&%('NW�'7=@?&AjK�'YH@HÀè���Q(FLKEQ]'Z�rXN=J'YQpTBACHJ\CFCW�=@Th%PzÆDGFCWBXZFIzjR#S(Th=xQ(\jTh%(' Ú 'N\C'YQPV(Wh'?h�nz!�±FIH��P=JT&=@?�#AC?['YVwFIQlTh%('vH@AYK FCD&Wh'YXN=JR#WhFnXN=@Td�C�fQPACzj'YH@��a s ¬ Ö�i7` 4a Ö ¬ s i�=JD"Ö�` s `K9�z*FnV | ACQPVa s ¬ Ö2i;` a Ö ¬ s i FCTh%('NWhKB=x?['Cs u S(WhTh%('NW�zjFCWh'C�nKB%('YQ s �,Ö]ACQPVy%P'YQPXZ' s ` Ø �þÖE­r°´D0FCW�?[FIzj'° ¸wÖ¾Th%('YQwa s ¬ Ö�if`baR° ¬ Ö2ihs�$&%('Y?['7Th%PWh'N'Wh'YHxA^Th=JFIQP?&=@zyzj'YVP=@A^T['YHJ�v?hS(\C\C'Y?hTEA*R±FIHJ��Q(FIz*=xACHTh=@zj'�ACHJ\CFCW�=@Th%Pz�D0FCW�XZFIzjR#SPTh=@Q(\´Th%(' Ú 'N\C'YQPV(W�'�?h�nz!�±FIH�KB%#=@X�%�=@?;?h=@zy=@H@A^W�T[F¦Th%('SÜ�SPXNH@=@VP=xACQACHJ\CFCW�=@Th%Pz§D0FCWB\CWh'YA^T['Y?[T¦XZFIz*zjFIQ�VP=@�n=@?hFCWYs

$B%('f=@zjR±FCWhThACQpT±FC�#?['NWh�^A^Th=JFIQ7=@?�Q(FLKwTh%PA^T�=JD�Ö!=@?�RPW�=@zj';Th%('YQ*a)  ¬ Ö2i;`ª  Ã Ä � ì Ä ¨�© zjF�VÖDGFCW¦ACHxH¬ ��f��¥  Q¥ Ö.4Ã�^sÛ´FLK�'N�C'NWY� =JDXÖ�=@?¦Q(FCT¦RPW�=@z*'Th%('YQ5Th%('jA^�±FL�C'jW�'YH@A^Th=JFIQ5%(FIH@VP?DGFCWA^TzjFI?[T!%PACHJD�FCD�Th%P'B #æç?KB%P=@X�%tA^Wh'*Wh'YH@A^Th=@�C'YHJ�¾R#W�=@zj'�T[F�Ö�sr$&%P=@?¦DGFIH@HJF¤KB?�DGWhFIz Th%('D.ACXZT´Th%#A^T�Th%(',?h'NT�FCD/ �æç?EDGFCW�KB%P=xX�%¾Th%('jA^�ºF¤�C'jWh'YH@A^Th=JFIQ5%(FIHxVP?E=x?´A~RPW�FCRº'NW¦?hS(�#\CWhFIS(RUFCDTh%('7z,SPHJTh=JR�H@=@XNA^Th=J�C'¦\CWhFIS(R]FCD�=@QpT['N\C'NW�?BKB%P=@X�%]A^Wh'�Wh'YH@A^Th=J�C'YH@�rRPW�=@zj'¦T[F\Ö�s

$B%P=@?�?hS(\C\C'Y?hTh? Th%P'fD0FIHxHJFLKB=xQ(\&ACHJ\CFCW�=JTh%#z]s�¯ÂQ7FCW�VP'NW�T[FEX�%('YXh�Th%('�RPW�=@z*ACH@=JT��EFCD�Ö�?['YHJ'YXZTAEW�ACQPV(FIz =@Q�T['N\C'NW  ��(�\¥  :¸,Ö�s ¯�D& �ACQPV=ÖjA^Wh'�QPFCT Wh'YHxA^Th=J�C'YHJ��RPW�=xzj'Ba�AE\IXNV!XNACH@XNS#H@A^Th=JFIQ±iTh%('YQ ÖU=@?&XZFIzjR±FI?h=JT['CsSL´Th%('NWhKB=x?['¦KO'X�%('YXh�]Th%P'7Wh'YH@A^Th=JFIQ�a)  ¬ Ö2i�`¯ HÃ Ä � ì Ä ¨h© zjFnV\Ö�²PQ(FCT['í�î�ï.ð0ñçò�ó^ô ìÂõZö�ì°÷Zö õhõ ø ñçù�îhô ìhì ô ì�ú û Ò úÂû

Page 55: Max Planck Societymehlhorn/ftp/EATCSmonograph/chapter6.pdfü ý êéþºÿdÍ ü þ È@ÍnÿdÍ ±Í $&%(']'z¿ 'yxns(th=jfiq fcd¦atx %(fi=@xz'¥=xqp?[t[w spxzth=@fiqot[w acqp?[dg'nw

���!·��BA ý ÍÂ&�ê��HG��NÇ�ê�þPÍ ���yü ��� þºÈJÍ Ò É.ÿY» ü ÈJê����NÍ�� N�N

Th%PA^TZ  Ã Ä � ì Ä ¨h© z*FnV�Ö|XNACQ{�º'UXZFIzjR#S(T['YV{�n�}Wh'NR±'YA^T['YV{?hunSPA^W�=xQ(\�a�XZD°s�Ùn'YXZTh=@FIQ�¯és@�9ihs ¯°DTh%('t=@Q('YunSPACH@=@Td��V(Fn'Y?vQ(FCT]%(FIH@V{Th%('YQ§Ö�=@?vXZFIzjR±FI?h=JT['CsÁ¯°DTh%('5'YunSPACH@=JT���%(FIH@VP?rTh%('YQwÖz*AL�w�±'vRPW�=@z*'rFCWyXZFIz*RºFI?�=JT['CswÛ´FLK�'N�C'NWY�&=JDhÖ{=@?�XZFIzjR±FI?h=JT[']Th%('YQoTh%P']'YupSPACHx=JTd�o%(FIH@VP?KB=JTh%rRPWhFC��A^�#=@H@=JT��*A^T&zjFI?[T�� ¬ « sf�E'NRº'YA^Th=xQ(\�Th%('¦'Z¿nR±'NW�=@z*'YQ�T�D0FCW&?h'N�C'NW�ACHf #æç?�W�'YVPSPXZ'Y?�Th%('RPWhFC��A^�#=@H@=JT���FCD�'NWhWhFCW��±'YHJF¤K � ¬ | sOÛE'YQ#XZ'7�=L¦½¥��L7Ùn¯Â$�Ü�� IM� FCW��O�B¯Â½�Ü�Ù~� Ë�� 4 IM� så´Q(FCTh%('NWB=@QpT['NWh'Y?[Th=xQ(\j'Z¿�ACz*R#HJ'�FCD;AjRPWhFC�#H@'YzÆ=@Q Ë�� 4 IM� =@?&\I=J�C'YQ]�n�ɦACzj'CM ��%('YX��n=xQ(\�� FIH@�nQ(FIzy=@ACH±¯°VP'YQ�Th=JTh=@'Y?7ad����¯�ihs¯ÂQ(R#S(TNM å´QU=xV('YQ�Th=@Td�¥FCDOTh%('jDGFCW�z k ` <§KB%('NWh'~k§ACQ#V£<ÆA^W�'j'Z¿nRPW�'Y?h?h=JFIQP?´DGFCW�zj'YV

DGWhFIz§Wh'YACH��^A^W�=@A^�#H@'Y? ³�ì e ³ © e#!#!#!�SP?�=@Q(\�FCR±'NW�A^T[FCW�?´­��f47�PACQPV��Ns\ S('Y?hTh=JFIQ�M*»FÂf'Y?h¼��º=JD�Th%('!=@V('YQpTh=JTd�v=@?�T[W�S('C�PACQ#V�»[Q(FI¼��#FCTh%P'NWhKB=@?['Cs�,ä�3n8#693n<&�Xx�-y0%ðÍí%ê¬æ�ú�äY�O-ÀÆa��565|Å�ó��I��� ËÔ� 4 IM� �µt'7'YQPV�Th%P=@?�?['YXZTh=JFIQ¥�p�vH@=@?hTh=@Q(\,RPWhFC�#HJ'Yzy?�KB%P=@X�%vKO'NWh'Wh'YXZ'YQ�ThH@�v?�%(FLKBQvT[Fr�±'¦=xQn<jsɦACzj'CM Ú =xQ('YA^W���WhFC\CW�ACz*z*=@Q(\]a Ú �&ihs¯ÂQ(R#S(TNM å´Q�=@QpT['N\C'NWBz*A^T[W�=À¿n��ACQPV�ACQ�=@QpT['N\C'NWB�C'YXZT[FCW } s\ S('Y?hTh=JFIQ�M*»FÂf'Y?h¼��º=JD�Th%('NW�'=@?�A �hÍhê^È �C'YXZT[FCW ³ KB=@Th%n�_� ³ ¥ } s�,ä�3n8#693n<-*fx�-�CPíyæ�ðÍí&ì+õ�æ�ø�-TÄrÉ�565|Åhâ�����<~�¯°D´K�'¥W�'YupSP=@Wh'�Th%PA^TrTh%('¾?[FIHxS(Th=JFIQ}�C'YXZT[FCW�=@?*T[Fw�±'¥=@QpT['N\CW�ACHBTh%('YQ�K�'¥D.ACXZ'UTh%('¾=@QpT['N\C'NWRPWhFC\CW�ACz*z*=@Q(\,RPWhFC��HJ'Yz]s;¯�T�=@? �� èdXZFIzjR#H@'NT['AC?�K�AC?B?h%(FLKEQ]=@Q�Ùn'YXZTh=JFIQ�Nns�Û´FLK�'N�C'NWY�#DGFCW'N�C'NWh�~·P¿�'YV�VP=@z*'YQP?h=JFIQrTh%('NWh'=x?�AjR±FIHJ�nQPFIz*=@ACH±ACHJ\CFCW�=JTh%#z]sɦACzj'CM ¯ÂQ�T['N\C'NWE��WhFC\CW�ACzyz*=@Q(\j=@Qh�IèdVP=@zj'YQP?�=JFIQPACH�?[R#ACXZ'*a.¯°� G ihs¯ÂQ(R#S(TNM å´Q�kU�p�h�y=xQ�T['N\C'NW´z*A^T[W�=À¿n� ACQ#V�ACQ�=@QpT['N\C'NWB�C'YXZT[FCW } s\ S('Y?hTh=JFIQ�M*»FÂf'Y?h¼��f=JD�Th%('NWh'~=@?Ar�CèdVP=xzj'YQP?h=JFIQ#ACH�=@Q�T['N\C'NW,�C'YXZT[FCW ³ KB=JTh% �ù� ³ ¥ } ��ACQPV»[Q(FI¼��PFCTh%P'NWhKB=@?['Cs�,ä�3n8#693n<<;Hx�-ïâ ã�øHä)ü�ä0ú�æ)-ÀÆ�ÊÜ565|ÅI�Ï� G ��< 2)ñÿú�ã3��ã�ú�õ�isôyã�ù~� �å´Q¥=@zjR#WhFL�C'YV�ACH@\CFCW�=JTh%Pz�D0FCWE¯�� G XNACQ��±'7DGFISPQPV¥=@Q�ò7ACQPQ#ACQ�a���9pihs u =@QPACH@HJ�C�(K�'K�ACQpTBT[Fzj'YQpTh=JFIQ]Th%('�\CW�A^R#%�=@?[FIz*FCWhR#%P=@?�z R#WhFC�#HJ'Yz]sɦACzj'CM g´W�A^R�%v¯°?[FIz*FCWhR#%P=@?�z�a�g¦¯�ihs¯ÂQ(R#S(TNM ŦQPVP=JWh'YXZT['YVOg¦W�A^R#%P?E_ ì ` adc ì ehg ì i�ACQPV¾_ © `Áadc © ehg © ihs\ S('Y?hTh=JFIQ�M*»FÂf'Y?h¼��f=JDB_ ì ACQPVo_ © A^Wh'r=x?[FIzjFCWhR#%#=@X^� ACQPV�»[Q(FI¼���FCTh%('NW�KB=@?['Cs¾_ ì ACQPV}_ ©A^Wh'v=@?[FIzjFCW�R#%P=@X*=@D�Th%('NWh']=@?,A¥�#= ¹Â'YXZTh=JFIQ§ }M�c ì � c © KB=JTh%�a��#ehÏ�iy�Ãg*�O=+*

a) ºa��(ihe� ºa�Ï�i[i��¥g © s��HJ'YA^W�HJ�C�'g¦¯j� �� s¥¯°T!=x?!Q(FCT!�nQPFLKBQwKB%('NTh%('NWzg´¯=x? �� èdXZFIzjR#HJ'NT['CsQzfA^W�=JFISP?,?[R±'YXN=@ACHXNAC?['Y?jFCDjg´¯�%PAY�C'¥�º'N'YQ}?�%(FLKBQoT[F��º']=@Q´<j�O'Cs�\(sJ��\CW�A^R#%P?�FCD´�±FISPQPV('YVl�^ACHJ'YQPXZ'�a Ú SP�n?a��^Ñni[ih��ACQ#V¾q�èdXZFIQ�T[W�ACXZTh=J�#HJ'7\CW�A^R#%P?7a�½U=@H@HJ'NW7a���9pi[ihsí�î�ï.ð0ñçò�ó^ô ìÂõZö�ì°÷Zö õhõ ø ñçù�îhô ìhì ô ì�ú û Ò�Ò û

Page 56: Max Planck Societymehlhorn/ftp/EATCSmonograph/chapter6.pdfü ý êéþºÿdÍ ü þ È@ÍnÿdÍ ±Í $&%(']'z¿ 'yxns(th=jfiq fcd¦atx %(fi=@xz'¥=xqp?[t[w spxzth=@fiqot[w acqp?[dg'nw

N�� ü ý ê�þºÿdÍ������ë��� ü ��� þ�È@ÍNÿdÍ��±Í����T U¹Ë U@Ì"�"iC]�e�^�j�isj8zÍ Ú 'NT�¹|` ÎLÏ�tË �P²Ïeh�5��ÎLÑ�eY�9Ò Ó ACQPV5Ï 6`��(ÒIs¶¯¦'Y?hXZW�=J�±'�V('NT['NW�z*=@Q#=@?[Th=@X!ACQPV5Q(FIQPV('ZèT['NW�z*=xQP=@?[Th=@X´$&½wæç?�KB%P=xX�%�ACXNXZ'NRPT;¹&sf�´SPQPQP=@QP\!Th=@z*' ÚÓ8Í�Ù�%(F¤K Th%PA^T.¿!a�k i¥` k;�=¿!a�k i¥` k © �;¿!a�k i¥`Äk��I�GHJFC\�k�!C�=¿,a�k i�` « ¡ A^Wh't?[T['NRD.SPQPXZTh=JFIQP?Ys�ÎÍ���FIQP?�=@V('NW��Eå´½�æç?*KB%('NWh'vTh%('vFIQPHJ�lA^W�=JTh%Pz*'NTh=@X~FCRº'NW�A^Th=JFIQP?�A^Wh'�ACVPVP=@Th=JFIQoACQPV}?hS(�(èT[W�ACXZTh=JFIQ2s�Ù�%(F¤K�Th%PA^TB$&%P'NFCWh'Yz®��FCDfÙn'YXZTh=JFIQ��ns@�!=@?�T[W�S('�DGFCWBSPQ#=JTÂèdXZFI?[T&�´åE½wæç?Ns�ºÍ}$&%('t��H@=@unS('�FCR#Th=@z*=J¸YA^Th=JFIQ{RPWhFC��HJ'Yz =@?rT[Fl·�QPV{AwH@A^W�\C'Y?~XNHx=@upSP'¥=@QmACQmS#QPVP=JWh'YXZT['YV\CW�A^R#%2s���WhF¤�C' Ú 'Yzyz*AC? « ACQPVR9jFCD �ns « D0FCW´��H@=@unS('¤s�8Í�Ù�ACzj'7AC?B'Z¿n'NW�XN=@?[' | i���S(T�D0FCW^ò7QPA^R#?hACX��rR#WhFC�#HJ'Yz]s*ÎÍ�Ù�%(F¤K�Th%PA^TjÙ�å�$7a « i´=x?�=@Q <js7� Û´=@QpTNM Ú 'NTPßm�±'yA]DGFCW�z!S#H@AvKB=JTh%�A^T!zjFI?[T « H@=JT['NW�ACH@?R±'NW,XNHxACSP?['Cs Ú 'NT ³�ì e#!#!#!Ye ³ ¡ �±'rTh%('v�9A^W�=xA^�#HJ'Y?7F�XNXNS(WhW�=@Q(\¾=xQ�ßOs���FIQP?[T[W�SPXZT,A5VP=JWh'YXZT['YV\CW�A^R#%UKB=@Th%¾Q(F�V('Y? ³�ì e#!#!#!Le ³ ¡ e ̳2ì e#!#!#!Ye ̳ ¡ AC?¦DGFIH@HJF¤KB?Ns�¯°DIn ìI� n © =@?¦AvXNH@ACSP?[',FCD/ß�Th%('YQACVPVoVP=JW�'YXZT['YVo'YV(\C'Y? Ìn ì � n © a.¯ÂQ�T['NW�RPWh'NThA^Th=JFIQ�Mv¯°D Ìn ì =@?,T[W�S(']Th%P'YQ�n © z,SP?[T��±'vT[W�S('^iACQPV Ìn © � n ì s5$&%('YQ§ß�=@?,?hA^Th=@?[·�A^�#HJ'~=+*�Th%('NWh'v=@?,Q(FUXZ��XNHJ'vFCD&Th%('~DGFCW�z ³ µ�� �������̳ µ � �����"� ³ µ s]����XNHJ'Y?FCD�Th%P=@?�DGFCW�z XNACQ��±'yV('NT['YXZT['YVl�p�tV('NT['NW�z*=@QP=@QP\~Th%P'r?[T[WhFIQP\IHJ�XZFIQPQ('YXZT['YV¾XZFIzjR±FIQ('YQpTh?&FCD Th%('7\CW�A^R#%2s $;ZÍ�Ù�%(F¤K�Th%PA^T&Th%P'�KO'Y=J\I%pT['YVOòQPA^R#?hACX��~R#WhFC�#HJ'YzÆ=@? �� èdXZFIzjR�HJ'NT['CsɦACzj'CM µt'Y=J\I%pT['YVOò7Q#A^R#?hACXh�ºs¯ÂQ(R#S(TNM ¯ÂQ�T['N\C'NW�?EÏ ì e#!#!#!YehÏ ¡ a.Th%('KO'Y=J\I%pTh?Zih� ËLì e#!#!#!Ye Ë ¡ a.Th%('XZFI?[Th?Nih�ϲl�H¨�s\ S('Y?hTh=JFIQ�M&åEWh'�Th%('NWh' ³ µ;�tÎLÑ�eY�9ÒI�P��¥ (�¥�kj?hSPX�%�Th%PA^T ] Ï�µ�� ³ µ ¥³²§ACQPV ] Ë µa� ³ µ ª ¨ ÚBÎÍ�Ù�%(F¤K�Th%PA^T&R�A^WhTh=JTh=JFIQ]=@? �� èdXZFIzjR�HJ'NT['CsɦACzj'CM ��A^WhTh=JTh=JFIQ2s¯ÂQ(R#S(TNM ¯ÂQ�T['N\C'NW�?;  ì e#!#!#!Ye�  ¡ s\ S('Y?hTh=JFIQ�M�¯Â?�Th%('NWh'j`y�¢�À�"!#!�k%$�?hS#X�%]Th%PA^T ] µ ÁaÐ  �µ�` ] µ ¨ÁaÐ  �µ Ú[ÎÍ�Ù�%(F¤K�Th%PA^T´��%(WhFIz*A^Th=@X�ɦSPz!�±'NW&=@? �;� èdXZFIzjR#HJ'NT['CsɦACzj'CM ��%(W�FIz*A^Th=@XÉ´S#z�±'NWYs¯ÂQ(R#S(TNM ŦQPVP=JWh'YXZT['YVv\CW�A^R#%¾_ `�adcfehgjih�±=@QpT['N\C'NW´q�s\ S('Y?hTh=JFIQ�M�¯Â?¦Th%('NWh'*A�Q(F�V('jXZFIHJFCW�=xQ(\vKB=JTh%tA^T7zjFI?[T�qUXZFIHJFCW�?N��=�s�'CsJ��=@?¦Th%('NWh'*A¥z*A^RPR#=@QP\

Ë Mnc � �À�"!#!Zq�$ ?�SPX�%]Th%#A^T Ë a��(i=6` Ë a�Ï7iODGFCWBACH@Hfa��#ehÏ�iO�¾g Ú� Û¦=@Q�TNMOÙ(%(FLK�Ù(å�$7aW9pi/¥���%(WhFIz*A^Th=@XɦSPz!�º'NWLs $8cbºÍ�Ù(%(FLK�Th%#A^T&�OH@ACQ#A^W;9¤è°Ù�å�$�=@? �;� èdXZFIzjR�HJ'NT['Csí�î�ï.ð0ñçò�ó^ô ìÂõZö�ì°÷Zö õhõ ø ñçù�îhô ìhì ô ì�ú û Ò�Î û

Page 57: Max Planck Societymehlhorn/ftp/EATCSmonograph/chapter6.pdfü ý êéþºÿdÍ ü þ È@ÍnÿdÍ ±Í $&%(']'z¿ 'yxns(th=jfiq fcd¦atx %(fi=@xz'¥=xqp?[t[w spxzth=@fiqot[w acqp?[dg'nw

����Ñ@� ÑIÒ Í��[ÇNÉD�NÍ�� N ÝɦACzj'CM �OHxACQPA^W=9¤è°Ù�å�$�s¯ÂQ(R#S(TNM åÆDGFCW�z,SPH@A£ß =@Q}�¶É u ?hS#X�%lTh%PA^TjTh%('vDGFIH@HJFLKE=@Q(\¥��=JR#A^WhTh=JT['r\CW�A^R#%Ãadcfehgji=@?

R#H@ACQ#A^WYsmc =@?jTh%('¾?['NT*FCD��^A^W�=@A^�#HJ'Y?jACQ#V�XNH@ACSP?['Y?yFCD\ßÁACQPV�a��Pe Ë i�� g DGFCW�^A^W�=@A^�#HJ'Y?��rACQPV�XNH@ACS#?[' Ë =JD�'Y=@Th%('NWB�rFCW Ì�yF�XNXNS(WB=xQ�¨�s\ S('Y?hTh=JFIQ�M�¯Â?Mßw?�A^Th=@?·�A^�#H@' Ú

8y8ZÍ�Ù(%(FLK�Th%#A^TB¶�ACQPV(KB=@VPTh%]=@? �;� èdXZFIzjR#HJ'NT['CsɦACzj'CM ¶�ACQPV(KB=xV(Th%�s¯ÂQ(R#S(TNM ŦQPVP=JWh'YXZT['YVv\CW�A^R#%¾_ `�adcfehgjih�±=@QpT['N\C'NWO²ls\ S('Y?hTh=JFIQ�M�¯Â?ETh%P'NWh'*A~�#= ¹['YXZTh=JFIQ,»oM±c � �À�"!#!#!^��c~� $�?hSPX�%5Th%#A^T*� »;a��2i�` »;a��(ié�X¥¡²�DGFCW

ACH@H�a���eh�(iO��g Ú8CÓÎÍ�Ù(%(FLK�Th%#A^T´����XNHJ'!��FL�C'NW´=@? �� èdXZFIzjR#HJ'NT['CsɦACzj'CM ����XNHJ'!��F¤�C'NWYs¯ÂQ(R#S(TNM ŦQPVP=JWh'YXZT['YVv\CW�A^R#%¾_ `�adcfehgjih�±=@QpT['N\C'NWO²ls\ S('Y?hTh=JFIQ�M�¯Â?&Th%('NWh'�Ay?h'NT�c � ��c*�f��c � ��`~²l��?hS#X�%¾Th%PA^TE'N�C'NW��¥XZ�nXNH@'!=@Q5_bXZFIQpThAC=@QP?´A^T

HJ'YAC?[T�FIQP'Q(F�V('7=@Q¥c� Ú8�ºÍ�Ù(%(FLKÁTh%PA^T!Ù�¯°$�a « iadÙ�X�%('YVPSPHx=@Q(\~FIQ ÿ � � z*ACX�%P=@Q('Y?Zi&=@?¦=@Q7<jsn� Û¦=@Q�TNM7Ù�X�%('YVPSPHJ',�n�V('NRPTh%]=xQvTh%('7\CW�A^R#%U_ `�adcfehgjihs $8�ÒͧÜ�SPHJ'NW�=xACQ]���nXNHJ'7=x?&=@Qn<jsɦACzj'CM ÜOS#HJ'NW�=@ACQ�����XNHJ'Cs¯ÂQ(R#S(TNM ŦQPVP=JWh'YXZT['YVv\CW�A^R#%¾_ `�adcfehgjihs\ S('Y?hTh=JFIQ�M�¯Â?�Th%('NWh'7A*XZ��XNHJ'7KE%P=@X�%]S#?['Y?�'N�C'NWh�]'YV(\C''Z¿�ACXZThHJ�vFIQPXZ'C�º=�s�'CsJ�#=@?�=@T�RºFI?�?h=J�#HJ'´T[F

FCW�V('NWEgÁ` Φ� ì e#!#!#!¤e�� Ö Ò!?�SPX�%¥Th%PA^T��ýµOACQPV3��µ � ì %#AY�C'!AyXZFIz*zjFIQ�'YQ#V(R±FI=@Q�TN���¥ (�¸ Ø Ú� Û¦=@Q�TNM&Ù�%(F¤K Th%PA^T´ABÜ�SPHJ'NW�=@ACQU���nXNH@'7'Z¿�=x?[Th?B=+*t'N�C'NWh��QPFnV('!%PAC?B'N�C'YQUV('N\CWh'N'Cs $ɯ´'NW�=J�C'!AH@=@QP'YA^W�Th=@zj'7ACHJ\CFCW�=@Th%Pz§T[FyXZFIQP?[T[W�SPXZTBA�Ü�SPHJ'NW�=@ACQ�����XNHJ'Cs8´�ÎÍ�¯¦'Y?h=@\IQ�AvR#?['YSPVPF^è�RºFIH@�nQ(FIzy=@ACH�Th=xzj'jACHJ\CFCW�=JTh%Pz DGFCW7Th%('jK�'Y=J\I%pT['YV¡ò7QPA^R�?hACXh�UFCRPTh=Àèz*=J¸YA^Th=@FIQ]RPWhFC�#H@'Yz]�(=�s�'CsJ�(\I=J�C'YQ¥Ï ì e#!#!#!YehÏ ¡ e ˤì e#!#!#!Ye Ë ¡ eT² XZFIzjR#SPT['

¨ Û�Ä Å;`ÃzyA9¿�Î ¡Xµ Æ ì Ë

µ:� ³ µÂ² ³ µ;�tÎLÑ�eY�9Ò ACQPV X Ï�µ ³ µ ¥³²wÒ@!� Û¦=@Q�TNM u FCW]Ѫ¥ Ë ¸×È ACQPVmѪ¥ ¯¥ k HJ'NT.�*a Ë e� �i]` z*=@Q±a°Î�È{ÒÉì�ÎLÏ7² Th%('NW�'¾=@?a ³�ì e#!#!#!Ye ³o� iy� ÎLÑ�eY�9Ò � ?hS#X�%oTh%PA^T ] � µ Æ ì Ë µC� ³ µ!` Ë ACQPV ] � µ Æ ì Ï�µI� ³ µ,`�Ï�ÒCihs}$&%('YQ�*a�Ñ�ehÑnif`ÃÑ�ACQPVn�*a Ë ehÑni�`mÈÄDGFCW Ë ��Ñ�ACQPVZ�*a Ë e� E­��9i;`Ãz*=xQ#Î��ya Ë e� (ihe��*a Ë 4 Ëa��� ì i(­Ï ��� ì ÒIs¦Ù(%(FLK Th%PA^TETh%P'Wh'YHJ'N�^ACQpTER#A^W�TBFCD�ThA^�#HJ''�j�±=�s�'CsJ�H�*a Ë e� (i=¥�² XNACQ¾�±'XZFIz*R#S(T['YV=@Q]Th=xzj'�³*a�k���¨ Û�Ä Å i�` ³*a�k © z*A9¿ Ë µ ihs&åEH@?hF(�#�C'YXZT[FCWja ³ ì e#!#!#!¤e ³ ¡ i�XNACQ¥�±'7DGFISPQPV�=xQ]Th%PA^TTh=@zj'��±FISPQ#V�s $

í�î�ï.ð0ñçò�ó^ô ìÂõZö�ì°÷Zö õhõ ø ñçù�îhô ìhì ô ì�ú û Ò�Ï û

Page 58: Max Planck Societymehlhorn/ftp/EATCSmonograph/chapter6.pdfü ý êéþºÿdÍ ü þ È@ÍnÿdÍ ±Í $&%(']'z¿ 'yxns(th=jfiq fcd¦atx %(fi=@xz'¥=xqp?[t[w spxzth=@fiqot[w acqp?[dg'nw

N�� ü ý ê�þºÿdÍ������ë��� ü ��� þ�È@ÍNÿdÍ��±Í����8c*ºÍ�¯¦'Y?h=@\IQrA!R#?['YSPVPF^è�RºFIH@�nQ(FIzy=@ACH�Th=@zj'´ACHJ\CFCW�=JTh%PzbD0FCW&Ù�X�%('YVPSPH@=xQ(\¦¯°QPVP'NRº'YQ#V('YQ�TO$ AC?[��?DGFCWf·P¿�'YV*QnSPz�±'NW Ø FCD±zyACX�%P=@QP'Y?NsM� Û´=@QpTNM Ú 'NTI� ì e#!#!#!Le6� ¡ �±'�Th%('&Th=xzj'&Wh'YunSP=JWh'Yz*'YQ�Th?�FCD2k¹[FC�#?;ACQPV�HJ'NT2¿}�±'�Th%('�VP'YACVPH@=@Q('Cs u FCWh(f�§� ÑS!#!#!�k%$(HJ'NT"»;a)([i;` Î�a?¿ ì e#!#!#!Ye�¿ Ö ih²¬¿ � ¥b¿�ACQPVTh%('NWh'j=@?¦AvR#A^W�Th=@ACH;?hX�%('YV#SPHJ' �@¹ M"�À�"!#!�(0$h� �À�"!#! Ø $�?�SPX�%5Th%PA^T�¿ � ` ] ÎÆ� ¢ ²q7¥ (&ACQPV�@¹ adq#i;`� �Ò¦DGFCW¦��¥� B¥ Ø ÒIsf$&%('YQ:»;a�Ñni�` a�Ñ�ehÑ�e#!#!#!¤ehÑnifACQPVZ»;a)(p­o�9i�` Î#¿E�ì e#!#!#!Ye�¿E�Ö ih²Th%('NWh'7=x?�a?¿ ì e#!#!#!¤e�¿ Ö i��£»;a)(Âi�ACQPV¥q~�w�À�"!#!#! Ø $�?hSPX�%vTh%PA^T�¿E�¢ `º¿ ¢ ­�� µ � ì ACQPV.¿´�� `º¿ �DGFCW= R6` q#ÒIsC¯¦'NW�=J�C'ACQ¾³*a�k�� Ø �Ia?¿o­Ã�9i Ö i�ACHJ\CFCW�=JTh%Pz§DGFCW&Th%('Y?h'7FC�#?['NWh�^A^Th=JFIQP?Ys $8z;ÏÍ Ú 'NTB_ ` adcfehgjif�±'EA�VP=@Wh'YXZT['YV~\CW�A^R#%���HJ'NT���ACQPV}���±'EV#=@?[Th=@Q(\IS#=@?h%('YV*QPFnV('Y?�ACQPVvHJ'NTË M2g � � � �º'*A¥Q(FIQ�èdQ('N\IA^Th=J�C'rXZFI?[TD.SPQPXZTh=JFIQ�FIQtTh%('*'YV(\C'Y?Ys u FCW�A�Q(F�V('*�t�{c�HJ'NTÓ a���eh�(iB�±'jTh%('yXZFI?hTFCD�Th%('yHJ'YAC?hTXZFI?[TR�A^Th%tD0W�FIzè�yT[F¥�Ps~å D.SPQPXZTh=@FIQu³wM�cK� � �÷ =@?XNACH@HJ'YV¥ACQ]'Y?[Th=@z*A^T[FCW´=JD|³ºa��(i¶¥|ÎLz*=@Q Ë a Ö2ih²hÖU=@?�R#A^Th%¥D0W�FIz �yT[F~��ÒIsO¯°Q¾Ù�'YXZTh=JFIQ | s Ý s « KO'T[Wh'YA^T['YV¾ACHJ\CFCW�=JTh%Pzy?�D0FCW´XZFIzjR#S(Th=@QP\ Ó a���e6��iOSP?h=@QP\�ACQ�'Y?[Th=@z*A^T[FCW�³�sAni u FCW�z!S#H@A^T['B¶�W�ACQPX�%�èdACQPV�èd¶�FISPQPVy=@QjT['NW�z*=xQ(FIHJFC\C�FCDº·�Q#VP=@Q(\¦HJ'YAC?[T�XZFI?hT�R#A^Th%P?Ys µÃ%PA^T

A^W�'*Th%('j�^ACH@S('Y?�FCD Ë ACQPVu³t=@Q5Th%('yXNAC?h'*FCD�Th%('y¶�W�ACQPX�%�èdACQPV�èd¶�FISPQPV�ACHJ\CFCW�=JTh%Pz DGFCWTh%P'�T[W�AY�C'YH@=xQ(\y?hACHJ'Y?�z*ACQ]RPWhFC��HJ'Yz§VP=@?hXNSP?�?['YV]=@Q¥Ùn'YXZTh=JFIQQ�ns « s

��iråEWh'vTh%(']'Y?[Th=xz*A^T[FCW�?jKB%#=@X�%oA^W�=@?h']D0WhFIz Th%P'�¶OW�ACQPX�%�èdACQ#V�èd¶�FISPQPV}ACHJ\CFCW�=@Th%Pz*?�XZFIQ�è?�=@?[T['YQpT,=@QwTh%('v?['YQP?['~FCD´Ùn'YXZTh=@FIQ | s Ý s « ��=�s�'CsJ�w³ºa��Pi�­ Ë a��#ehÏ�i ª ³ºa�Ï7i7D0FCW�ACH@H�'YV(\C'Y?a��#ehÏ�i��¥g Ú

8cBºÍlŦ?['UTh%('¾¶�W�ACQ#X�%ÃACQPVm¶OFIS#QPV�ACHJ\CFCW�=JTh%PzÄFCD!Ùn'YXZTh=JFIQª�nsON�T[Fo?[FIHJ�C'UTh%('UD0FIH@H@FLKB=@QP\RPWhFC��HJ'Yz§FCD ky­Ô�jXN=JTh=J'Y?�� ÷ eh� ì eh� © ehÏ ÷ ehÏ ì ehÏ © e ³º÷ e#!#!#!Ye ³ ¡ � ì s

GCÉþ�Zÿ a���µÂeh��µ � ì ù�ò% { i;` « ( `ÃÑ�eY�^e «G^ÉD�éÿ a���µ[ehÏ�µÂi;`�� ( `ÃÑ�eY�G^Éþ�Zÿ a�� © ehÏ © i;`mÑG^ÉD�éÿ a�Ï�µ[eh��µÂi;` « ( `ÃÑ�eY�^e «

G^ÉD�éÿ a�Ï�µÂehÏ�µ � ì ù�ò% { i;`�� ( `ÃÑ�eY�^e «G^Éþ�Zÿ a�Ï�µÂe ³o� i;`�� D0FCW=(;`mÑ�eY�^e « �o �`ÃÑ�eY�^e#!#!#!9ehkZ4��G^Éþ�Zÿ a ³ µÂehÏ � i;`�� D0FCW=(;`mÑ�eY�^e « �o �`ÃÑ�eY�^e#!#!#!9ehkZ4��G^ÉD�éÿ a ³ � ehÏ � i;`�� ,`ÃÑ�eY�^e#!#!#!9ehkZ4��GCÉþ�Zÿ a ³D� e ³ ¢ i;`mÑ D0FCW= Ie�q*`ÃÑ�e#!#!#!¤ehkn4��

$&%('�Wh'YzyAC=@QP=@Q(\¦VP=@?hThACQPXZ'Y?�A^Wh'&=@Q�·ºQP=JT['Cs2�´SPQ�Th%('&ACHJ\CFCW�=@Th%Pz�KB=JTh%�?[ThA^WhTh=@QP\�RºFI=xQ�Th?;� ì ACQPV� { Wh'Y?[R±'YXZTh=J�C'YH@�~ACQPV]ACH@K�AL�n?BRPWhF�XZ'N'YV]T[FyTh%('7QP'YA^Wh'Y?[TBXN=JT��Cs8c[ºÍ�¯¦'Y?h=@\IQ¥ACQ¾³*a[a�HJFC\ � � þºÿ i � Û�Ä Å � gv� iOACHJ\CFCW�=JTh%#zÆD0FCWB·�QPVP=xQ(\,ACQ¥FCRPTh=@z*ACH�XZ��XNHJ'XZF¤�C'NW¦FCDACQ�S#QPVP=JWh'YXZT['YV�\CW�A^R#% a�XZD�s¶Üf¿�'NW�XN=@?['w� « ihs � Û´=xQ�TNM5Ŧ?['¥Th%('¾D0FIHxHJFLKB=xQ(\�\CW�A^R#%(è�Th%('NFCWh'NTh=@XHJ'Yz*zyA�MB¯°D�_ =@?¦Av\CW�A^R#%UFCD�z*=@QP=@z,SPz�V('N\CWh'N'�Th%(Wh'N'*ACQ#VU=@D�_ %PAC?¶Ö�R#AC=JW�KB=@?[',VP=@?G¹[FI=@QpTXZ��XNHJ'Y?,Th%('YQo_�%PAC?�AUXZ�nXNH@'rFCD&HJ'YQP\CTh%}³*a�HJFC\fÖ2ihs5å´H@?[F(��A¾?�%(FCWhT['Y?[T�XZ�nXNH@'~XZFIQpThAC=@QP=@QP\UA·P¿�'YV]Q(F�V('7�rXNACQ��º'�DGFISPQPV]=xQvTh=@zj'!³ja�� gv� iO�n�r�#Wh'YACV(Th%�è�·#W�?[TÂèd?['YA^W�X�%�s $ÓzbºÍl�E'NR±'YA^T Th%('�¶�W�ACQPX�%�èdACQPV�èd¶�FISPQPV�ACHJ\CFCW�=JTh%Pz D0FCW;$EÙn�tSP?h=xQ(\&Th%('�KO'Y=@\I%�T['YV�z*A^ThX�%P=@Q(\RPWhFC��HJ'YzÆAC?&A*HJF¤KO'NWE�±FISPQPV~FIQ�XZFI?[TNs

í�î�ï.ð0ñçò�ó^ô ìÂõZö�ì°÷Zö õhõ ø ñçù�îhô ìhì ô ì�ú û Ò Ð û

Page 59: Max Planck Societymehlhorn/ftp/EATCSmonograph/chapter6.pdfü ý êéþºÿdÍ ü þ È@ÍnÿdÍ ±Í $&%(']'z¿ 'yxns(th=jfiq fcd¦atx %(fi=@xz'¥=xqp?[t[w spxzth=@fiqot[w acqp?[dg'nw

����Ñ@� ÑIÒ Í��[ÇNÉD�NÍ�� N ,ÓX8ZÍ�¯¦'Y?h=@\IQ!A´XNH@AC?h?�FCD('Z¿�ACzjR�HJ'Y?�KE%('NWh'�Th%P'�FIQPXZ'ZèdA^WhFIS#QPV�è�Th%('Zè�T[Wh'N'�ACHJ\CFCW�=@Th%Pz DGFCWj+]$EÙn�ACXZThSPACH@H@�yXZFIQP?[T[W�S#XZTh?�A!T[FISPW�KE%P=@X�%v%PAC?�ACH@z*FI?[T�TdKB=@XZ'¦Th%('�HJ'YQP\CTh%rFCD�Th%('¦FCRPTh=@z,SPz]s�Ù�=@z�è=@H@A^W�HJ�*DGFCW&Th%('ÑC!ON¤èdA^RPR#WhFY¿(=@z*A^T[',ACHJ\CFCW�=JTh%Pz�s

ÓyÓÎÍo¶�=@Q��;ACX��n=xQ(\(s¯ÂQ(R#S(TNM ¯°QpT['N\C'NW�?^B ì e#!#!#!YeaB ¡ ACQPV]�±FISPQPVn¹L¦S(T[R�S(TNM�½¾=@Q#=@z*ACH Ø ?hSPX�%{Th%PA^T~Th%('NWh'5=@?yAlz*A^RPR�=@Q(\$W MP�À�"!#!#!ék%$'� �À�"!#!#! Ø $´KB=JTh%] Î�Bþµ[²KW�a)(Âi;`� (ÒP¥ ¹{D0FCWEACH@H� (����¥� B¥ Ø sAni]Ù(%(FLK|Th%PA^TBTh%('7Wh'YXZFC\IQP=@Th=JFIQ]�C'NW�?h=@FIQ�a Ø =@?&ACVPV#=JTh=JFIQPACH±=@Q(R�S(TZif=@? �;� èdXZFIzjR#HJ'NT['Cs��i~¯¦'Y?h=@\IQ~A^R#RPWhFY¿(=@z*A^Th=@FIQrACHJ\CFCW�=JTh%Pz*?OD0FCW���=@Q*R#ACX��n=xQ(\(s=� Û´=xQ�TNMf$&%P'EDGFIH@HJF¤KB=@Q(\,?[T[W�A^T['Zè

\I=@'Y? A^W�'O\CFnFnV2M;ÙnThA^WhT;KB=@Th%'YzjR#Td�7�#=xQP?��^e « e�9ne !#!#! s å´VPV!FC��¹['YXZTh?;FIQ('��p�7FIQP'Cs µÃ%('YQArQ('NK FC�(¹Â'YXZT¦=@?&ACVPVP'YV¥R#HxACXZ'=JTE=xQ�T[F*Th%P'!HJ'YAC?[T´QpS#z�±'NWh'YVwaG·#W�?[T�·�TZiOFCW´Th%('D.SPH@HJ'Y?hTa.�±'Y?[T!·#TZi¦�#=@Q�KB%P=@X�%wXNACQo?[Th=@HxHfThA^�C'vTh%('vFC��¹['YXZTNs5$B%('Y?['~TdK�FUW�SPHJ'Y?,XNACQw'Y=@Th%('NW��º'A^R#R#H@=J'YVlT[F�Th%(']FC�(¹Â'YXZTh?r=@Q}ACQ��oFCW�VP'NW*FCW*T[F�Th%('¥FC��¹Â'YXZTh?r=@QoFCW�V('NWyFCD´V('YXZW�'YAC?h=@Q(\H@'YQ(\CTh%�s u =JW�?[T¦·�T7ACQPVt�±'Y?[T�·#T7S#?['*A^TzjFI?[Tra[� Ý ¬ �NÑni=� Ø Û�Ä Å;­ « �#=@QP?�ACQPVU·�W�?[T¦·#TACQ#Vv�º'Y?hT�·#T&V('YXZWh'YAC?h=xQ(\ySP?['7A^TEzjFI?[Ta[�C� ¬ , iw� Ø Û�Ä Å�­ « �#=xQP?Ns $

Ó��ºÍ�¯¦'Y?h=@\IQwAl�éèdA^RPRPWhFL¿�=xz*A^T['~ACH@\CFCW�=JTh%Pz D0FCW,�C'NWhT['Z¿wXZF¤�C'NWYsb� Û´=@QpTNM*?[ThA^WhT,KB=JTh%�\CW�A^R#%_�` adcfehgjih²�ThA^�C'~ACQp��'YV(\C'vACQPVwWh'YzjFL�C'~�±FCTh%�'YQ#V(R±FI=@Q�Th?ACQPVwACHxHf'YV(\C'Y?�ACV9¹hACXZ'YQ�T,T[FTh%('YzÆDGWhFIzÆTh%P'7\CW�A^R#%�s��E'NR±'YA^TNs $

ÓD�ÒÍ�¯¦'Y?h=@\IQ!A@³±a ³ i�` ³ja[a�HJFC\ ³ i © i�èdA^RPR#WhFY¿(=@z*A^T['�ACHJ\CFCW�=JTh%Pz D0FCW XZ�nXNH@'OXZFL�C'NW�a0Ü�¿n'NW�XN=x?['B� «ACQPV|� , ihsm� Û¦=@Q�TNM�ÙnThA^WhTjKE=JTh%l\CW�A^R#%�_ ` adc�ehg*ih²&?['YA^W�X�%�D0FCW*Th%P'v?�%(FCWhT['Y?[T*XZ��XNHJ'�ACQPVWh'YzjF¤�C'!ACH@H�QPFnV('Y?�FCD;Th%('!XZ�nXNHJ'Cs��B'NR±'YA^TNs $

ÓZ�ÎÍÃa.µtFCW�?[T´XNAC?h'!R±'NWhDGFCW�z*ACQPXZ'FCD &2�PA ACHJ\CFCW�=@Th%Pzvihs Ú 'NT´kU` « Ø ­|�!ACQPV���µ ` « Ø 4�°a)(º­|�9i ¬ « !C� ��¥ (�¥ « Ø ��� © Ö � ì ` Ø s���FIQP?[T[W�S#XZT�FCRPTh=@z*ACH�ACQPV &2�PA ?hX�%P'YVPSPHJ'Cs

Óz*ºÍ Ú 'NT�Ï ì e#!#!#!YehÏ ¡ e ˤì e#!#!#!Ye Ë ¡ eT²��º'�ACQ*=xQP?[ThACQPXZ'�FCDºTh%('�K�'Y=J\I%�T['YV~ò7QPA^R#?hACX���RPWhFC�#HJ'Yza�XZD°sqÜf¿�'NW�XN=@?[' Ý ACQPV��ýNpihs]å´?h?hSPzj'jKsçH�s�F(s�\(s2Th%PA^T ËLì ¬ Ï ì ª Ë © ¬ Ï © ª ����� ª Ë ¡ ¬ Ï ¡ ACQPVÏ�µ"¥³²ls���FIQ#?h=@V('NW�Th%('7DGFIH@HJF¤KB=@Q(\jACHJ\CFCW�=JTh%Pz]s

Ë 1 Ñ�²8Ô 1�Ñ�²- 8#6.( - 698�< �¦ÞL8wkÝ 8w- - Ô>­oÏ�µh¥³²

Þ9ä�3�Ü ³ µ"1Ä�^²%¨ 1Õ¨�­ Ë µ3�+GßY3 ³ µ"1 Ñ- -

8�ÝO²¨ 1 z*A9¿2a°Î�¨,Ò1ì¥Î Ë µ[²!�\¥ ( ¥�k ÒCihs

í�î�ï.ð0ñçò�ó^ô ìÂõZö�ì°÷Zö õhõ ø ñçù�îhô ìhì ô ì�ú û Ò õ°û

Page 60: Max Planck Societymehlhorn/ftp/EATCSmonograph/chapter6.pdfü ý êéþºÿdÍ ü þ È@ÍnÿdÍ ±Í $&%(']'z¿ 'yxns(th=jfiq fcd¦atx %(fi=@xz'¥=xqp?[t[w spxzth=@fiqot[w acqp?[dg'nw

�^Ñ ü ý ê�þºÿdÍ������ë��� ü ��� þ�È@ÍNÿdÍ��±Í����Ú 'NT"¨ Ù ÈÖÕ �º'�Th%P'f�9ACHxS('�FCDy¨}A^DGT['NW�T['NW�z*=xQPA^Th=JFIQ�ACQPV7H@'NT¬¨ Û�Ä Å `Ãz*A9¿ºÎ ] µ Ë µ � n µ ²�n µ �tÎLÑ�eY�9ÒACQPV ] Ï�µ:�3n�µ�¥�²wÒIs�Ù�%(FLK ¨ Û�Ä Å ª ¨1Ù È×Õ ª ¨ Û�Ä Å ¬ « �2=�s�'CsJ��Th%('�ACHJ\CFCW�=@Th%Pz�A^�±FL�C'j=@?´Ñ�e�N¤èA^RPRPW�FY¿(=@z*A^T['Cs�� Û´=@QpTNM Ú 'NT,aRn ì e#!#!#!¤ean ¡ i��±'!ACQUFCRPTh=xz*ACH ?hFIH@S(Th=JFIQ��ºACQPV5HJ'NT�(O�±',z*=@QP=@zyACH?hSPX�%UTh%PA^T ³ µ � ì ` Ñ�s!$B%('YQQ( ª �^�2Ï ì ­{�����C­�Ï�µM¥J²Ø¸ Ï ì ­{�����I­�Ï�µ±­�Ï�µ � ì �2ACQPV¨1Ù È×Õ ª Ë¤ì ­������Z­ Ë µ[sfåEHx?[F ¨ Û�Ä Å�` ] Ë;� �an � ` ] �ÆÖ µ Ëa� ­ ] ��Ö µ a Ë;� ¬ Ï � i��hÏ � �YaRn � 4��9in­] �|Ø2ì a Ë � ¬ Ï � iS�éÏ � �%n � ¥ ] �ÆÖ µ Ë � ­�a Ë µ � ì ¬ Ï µ � ì i��¤a ] ��Ö µ Ï � aRn � 4l�9i#­ ] � ¿%µ Ï � �Ôn � ih¥¨1Ù È×Õ ­ma Ë µ � ì ¬ Ï�µ � ì i�a�] � Ï � �Æn � 4�] �ÆÖ µ Ï�µ°i�¥�¨1Ù È×Õ ­ma Ë µ � ì ¬ Ï�µ � ì i:�IaÀ²«4�] �ÆÖ µ Ï � ih¥¨1Ù È×Õ ­Ãa Ë µ � ì ¬ Ï�µ � ì i:�LÏ�µ � ì ¥�¨1Ù È×Õ ­ Ë µ � ì ¥ « ��¨1Ù ÈÖÕ s $Ó8;ÏÍ�¯¦'Y?hXZW�=J�±'�A~D.SPH@H A^RPRPWhFL¿�=xz*A^Th=JFIQ5?hX�%P'Yzj'jD0FCW�Th%P'tòQPA^R#?hACX��¾RPW�FC�#HJ'Yz]s3� Û¦=@QpTNM´Å¦?['?hXNACH@=xQ(\jACQPV]R#?['YS#V(F^è�R±FIHJ�nQPFIz*=@ACHºACHJ\CFCW�=JTh%Pz D0FCW òQPA^R#?hACX���s $ÓzBºÍ�¯¦'Y?hXZW�=J�±'¾AwDGSPHxHBA^RPRPW�FY¿(=@z*A^Th=JFIQm?hX�%P'Yzj'¾DGFCW¥Ùn¯Â$�a Ø ihs � Û¦=@QpTNM�Å´?h'U?hXNACHx=@Q(\(��Th%('R#?['YS#V(F^è�R±FIHJ�nQPFIz*=@ACH�ACH@\CFCW�=JTh%Pz�FCDÜf¿�'NW�XN=@?['t�ý�5ACQPVlTh%(' &½�PA ACHJ\CFCW�=JTh%Pz�T[FtFC�PThAC=@Q}A\CFnFnV�=xQP=JTh=@ACHº�^ACH@S('¦D0FCW=¿ Û�Ä Å�s $T UWV´Ù U@}3^RG=HW^)of`f]�c�N�gh^We@fRo�P�isjåoV('NThAC=@HJ'YVT[Wh'YA^Thzj'YQpT FCDP$ S(W�=xQ(\&z*ACX�%#=@Q('Y?�XNACQ!�±'fDGFISPQPV7=@Q7Th%('��±FnFC�n?��p�¦Û´FCR±XZW�FCD0T�t¤Å¦H@HÀèz*ACQ aW� , i�ACQPV���ACSPHa Ý �pihs�$&%P'¥XZFIQPQ('YXZTh=JFIQ{�±'NTdK�'N'YQ�W�'YXZFC\IQP=JTh=JFIQ{ACQPV�FCRPTh=xz*=J¸YA^Th=JFIQRPWhFC��HJ'Yz*?N�±=@Q¾R#A^WhTh=@XNSPHxA^WETh%('�XZFIQPXZ'NRPT�DGFv?['YHJD0è�Wh'YVPSPXN=J��=@H@=JT��C�#=@?´T[Wh'YA^T['YV5�n�5Ù�X�%PQ(FCWhW�a Ý �pihsÚ ACV#Q('NW�t Ú ��QPX�%HtCÙn'YH@z*ACQla Ý | ih� Ú ACVPQ('NWja Ý NpiBACQPV5½¥'Y%#H@%(FCW�Qwa Ý �piB=@Q��C'Y?hTh=J\IA^T['jTh%('�RPWhFCR(è'NWhTh=J'Y?´FCDORºFIH@�nQ(FIzy=@ACH2T[W�ACQ#?[D0FCW�z*A^Th=JFIQP?Ns�$&%P'NFCWh'YzÙNUa0ÉE��èdXZFIzjR#HJ'NT['YQ('Y?�?¦FCD�Ù�å�$¦i&=@?E�n�ÙnTNsf��FnFC��a Ý �9ihs�½¾FI?[T ÉE��èdXZFIzjR#HJ'NT['vRPWhFC��HJ'Yz*?7FCD�Ùn'YXZTh=JFIQ´NUA^Wh'vThA^�C'YQoD0WhFIz�Th%('~R#A9èR±'NW*FCD¦�sIòA^WhR a Ý « ihs�ÉE��èdXZFIzjR#HJ'NT['U?hX�%('YV#SPH@=@Q(\5RPW�FC�#HJ'Yz*?jXNACQ��º']DGFISPQPV�=@Q9yPsfŦH@HÀèz*ACQ�a Ý Npih�!�OH@ACQ#A^W�9¤è°Ù�å�$ =x?vD0WhFIz¤¯�s Ú =@X�%�T['YQ#?[T['Y=@Q�a[� , � « i]ACQPV�¶�ACQPV(KE=JTh%�=@?]DGWhFIz��A^R#ACVP=@zy=JT[W�=JFIS|a Ý �pihs|$&%('¾XZFIQPXZ'NRPTyFCD7?hT[WhFIQ(\ É´�fèdXZFIzjR�HJ'NT['YQ('Y?h?rK�AC?~=@QpT[WhF�VPSPXZ'YVo�n�g¦A^Wh'N�&t�yIFI%#QP?[FIQ~a Ý �pihs;$B%('Y=JW��±FnFC��=@?�ACH@?hFEACQ7'Z¿�T['YQP?h=@�C'OT[Wh'YA^Thz*'YQ�T FCDsÉE��èdXZFIzjR#HJ'NT['YQP'Y?h?NsÛ´'YH@VHt3ò7A^WhR5V('Y?hXZW�=J�±'Th%('�V(��QPACz*=@X!RPWhFC\CW�ACzyz*=@Q(\~A^RPRPWhFIACX�%¾T[F]$EÙ��&�2Arz*FCWh'jV('NThAC=@HJ'YVT[Wh'YA^Thzj'YQpT�FCDP�PW�ACQPX�%�èdACQ#V�è��±FISPQPVz*'NTh%(FnV#?�DGFCW�$EÙn�t=@?;XZFIQ�ThAC=xQ('YV�=@Q���%(W�=@?[T[F^·ºV('Y?NæY�±FnFC��s��%(W�=@?[T[F^·�V('Y?E=@?¦ACH@?[FvTh%('jACS(Th%(FCW�FCDOTh%('jÑ�e�N¤èdA^RPRPWhFL¿�=xz*A^T['*ACHJ\CFCW�=JTh%#z�DGFCW"+v$EÙn�Bs$&%('ZèFCWh'Yz | FCD!Ùn'YXZTh=@FIQº�nsO�wACQPV Ü�¿n'NW�XN=@?['Y?¥� , ACQPV « | A^Wh'UD0W�FIz ¶´sO½¾FIQP=J'YQ�a�� « ih�MÜf¿�'NW[èXN=@?['U� Ý =x?7DGWhFIzÙÉ,s½É¦=@H@Hx?[FIQ�a Ý �9ih�fACQPVwÜf¿�'NW�XN=@?[' «C« =@?D0W�FIzÚy�FI%PQP?[FIQ�'NTNs ACH�s�a Ý | ihsO¯¦'H@AQzfA^Wh\C'N'ÿt Ú SP'N�C'NW¾a����9iV('Y?hXZW�=J�±'rAUDGS#H@H�A^RPR#WhFY¿(=@z*A^Th=JFIQl?hX�%('Yzj'vD0FCWj��=@Q�R#ACX��n=xQ(\(�fTh%('A^RPRPW�FY¿(=@z*A^T['¾ACH@\CFCW�=JTh%Pz*?yD0FCW]Ùn¯Â$�=@?y�p�_g´W�AC%PACz aW� , ih�EACQPV�Th%('UD.SPH@H�A^RPRPW�FY¿(=@z*A^Th=JFIQ?hX�%('Yzj'7DGFCW ò7QPA^R�?hACXh�]=@?��n�r¯°�#A^WhW�A�t3ò7=@z a Ý Npi�ACQ#V Ú ALKBHJ'NWa Ý�Ý ihs

í�î�ï.ð0ñçò�ó^ô ìÂõZö�ì°÷Zö õhõ ø ñçù�îhô ìhì ô ì�ú û Î ÷°û


Recommended