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Jean-Marie Baggio Pre-Startup Group Leader
World Association of Nuclear Operators
Maximizing the Safety and Reliability of Nuclear Power Plants
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How can the nuclear industryanswer people’s concerns?
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Three Mile Island 1979
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Lessons learnedRegulation alone is not enough;
Work together, strive for excellence.
INPO
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Chernobyl 1986
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Lessons learned Similar conclusions Utilities are not only responsible for their own
fleets, but also collectively responsible for continuous improvement worldwide
WANOWANO is a voluntary & non-profitable organisationAll commercial NPPs in the world are WANO Members
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Public Opinion
Our industry has not yet completely recovered from Chernobyl
In many parts of the world, public opinion is changing favourably
One single accident can tip this over againfor many years
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Working Together in WANO
To enhance nuclear safety and reliability,WANO members have dual responsibilities:
Individual responsibilityto improve their own plant
Collective responsibilityto help assist other plants
One big accident will fail the nuclear power ’We are hostages of each other’
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What benefit
can a New Member
obtain from other operators
through WANO?
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Early engagement with WANO is beneficial for new entrants
Early Construction Stage
Construction/Commissioning Stage
Pre-startup Stage
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Early Construction Stage Members can obtain operating experience
of existing plants and can use them tofeedback to their design
e.g. Event Analysis Report (EAR)Significant Operating Experience Report (SOER)
Members can obtain information regarding site organization structure, and other preparation work like training through benchmarking with existing stations
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Construction/Commissioning Stage
Members can obtain technical information on construction and commissioning through Technical Support Missions (TSM)
Members can obtain latest technical information through benchmarking with other construction units
Members can feed back construction stage information through WANO Operating Experience program (OE)
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Pre-startup Stage
Members can use WANO Guidelines in preparing for operation, maintenance & engineering activities
Members can conduct self-evaluation through WANO Pre-Startup Peer Review
Members can train station personnel through WANO workshop, seminar & training activities
1 Year
6-8 Months9 Months (max)
Business case for membership; WANO Chairman & MD with CEO
Programme discussions; produce project plan
Assist OE feedback; focus on design• Grid• Civils• QA/QC• Config Mgmt
Call for tender Contract award Operators trained and licensed
Begin cold integrated tests
Begin hot tests
Fuel load
First criticality
Pre-Startup Peer Review
Pre-startup assessment
Assist Ops recruit and training
Assist in operational processes
Assist structure for commiss-ioning
Idealised new plant start-up interaction with WANO
Timing based on discussion between WANO and station
WANO Support to IAEA and newcomers. Focus awareness of:• OE• Nuclear Safety Culture• Operational Processes
Selected OE available to members, vendors and key contractors
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How can Nuclear Operators learn from Operating Experience of other stations?
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Operating Experience(OE)
OE Program bears a major role to fulfillWANO’s Mission to maximize the safety andreliability of nuclear power operation
OE Program enables members to learnfrom the operating experience of otherplants to prevent recurrence of similar events
WANO member has dual responsibilities:1. Report events to WANO from its plant2. Utilize experiences of other plants
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Events that happen in plants are recurrent events
There is no new event Many of the events could have been
prevented if event reports of its stationand other stations were read andcountermeasures were taken
Recurrent or Similar Events
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Event Reports: WANO Members report to WANO• EAR (Event Analysis Report) ・・・・・・within 20 weeks• ENR (Event Notification Report) ・・・・ within 4 weeks• MER (Miscellaneous Event Report)
• The reporting criteria of EAR/ENR are listed in OE Reference Manual• MER: Any information other members may like to receive
WANO Reports:OECT summarises the analysis of event reports
OE Products
•SOER (Significant Operating Event Report)
•SER (Significant Event Report)
•Hot Topics•JIT (Just in Time)
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OECT: Operating Experience Central Team in London
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Reporting events “TOP 5” of 2010Design/modification 207 events
reportedSOER 2004-1/SER 2005-3/2009-1
Human performance induced plant transient
168 events reported
SER 2003-7Hot Topics –Error Prevention
Inadequate maintenance or lack of preventive maintenance
156 events reported
Hot Topics –Equipment performance
Outage Activities 102 events reported
SOER 1998-1/2001-1SER2002-2/2004-2
Radiation protection, radioactive waste
94 events reported SOER 2001-1SER 2003-3/2001-2
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How can Nuclear Operators identify ‘weakness’ of the station?
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Peer Review
The Peer Review Program continues to be a key WANO activity.
In 2010, 36 peer reviews, 5 pre-startup peer reviews and 19 follow-up visits were conducted.
All 400 plants in the world completed receiving the first round WANO Peer Review in 2005.
Members continue to express positive feedback on the benefits gained from hosting peer reviews.
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What is a WANO Peer Review?
On request, an international team of experts (called peers) dispatched from WANO members visits a NPP
The review team identifies through observations of actual site activities and interviews with plant staff, ‘Strengths’ and ‘Areas for Improvement’ (AFI).
Scope: a team of 14 to 20 peers for a period of 2 weeks reviews 7 to 10 areas: OA, OP, MA, EN...
Confidentiality:• The review report is a property of WANO and provided only to
WANO and the relevant plant/utility.• Confidentiality fosters open discussion between the review
team and plant personnel, which assures review quality
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Pre-Startup Peer Review To achieve safe and reliable operation of a Near-
term Operating License (NTOL) plant, WANO conducts a Pre-startup Peer Review to identify AFIs on the plant readiness to operate a plant in a safe and reliable manner
Ideally conducted 2 months before fuel loading but not earlier than 6 months
Decision of the basic plan made 16 months before the review
Request of plant information made 6 months before A Pre-visit made 3 months before Standard: WANO PO&Cs + Pre-Startup PO&Cs
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Examples of Areas for ImprovementIdentified by Pre-Startup Peer Review
Operator fundamental behaviors often exhibited in the control room are not consistent with industry best practices in the areas of control room access, use of consoles by non-operational personnel, alarm handling, and supervision of operational activities.
Thorough review of the external operating experience including Significant Operating Experience Reports (SOER) for implementation has not conducted yet. As a result, the station is left vulnerable to the events that have happened before in the nuclear industry.
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The station has not developed a culture that establishes nuclear safety as the overriding priority. Some programs and processes for developing such a culture are not in place or not effectively modifying behaviors to establish a healthy safety culture.
Management observation and coaching in the field are not effective in improving performance in several areas. Also, in some areas, higher standards and clear expectations have not been established.
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Corporate Review
Safety inside a plant is strongly influenced by corporate culture
Corporate review looks at the interactionbetween corporate level and plant level
How corporate sets vision, goals, policiesHow corporate provides resourcesHow corporate exercises oversight
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How can Nuclear Operators
improve their performance?
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Technical Support Mission (TSM)
Small team of experts, usually multi-national Visit to help a plant to solve a defined problem
or weak area
Example topics:- Human performance- Self assessment- Scram reduction- Outage management
WANO conducted worldwide 163 in 2009
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Professional & Technical DevelopmentWorkshops, Seminars and Training
To provide a forum for plant staff to increase their professional knowledge and skills.
To enable members from all the regions to compare their operations and emulate best practice, leading to improved operational performance.
To enable members to share information and practices to assist each other in maintaining high levels of operational safety and reliability
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A team of one station staff visits other station to directly share information
The visit provides an opportunity for staff to observe different approaches to their business, which enables them to reconsider their own practice
It is effective to raise specific areas or themes of interest for information exchange
Exchange Visit
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Good Practice & Guideline
Good Practices are identified:
Presented by members
‘Strengths’ from Peer Reviews Found in presentations at
seminar/workshop
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WANO Guideline
Describes key program elements for management of selected activities in NPP
Do not specify minimum requirements Provide guidance to achieve excellence
by combining and documenting the best expertisein industry
Developed to assist members in meeting WANOPerformance Objectives and Criteria (PO & C)
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WANO developed a set of PIs All plants must report quarterly data on
11 indicators PIs were intended for use as a management tool
To monitor their own performance and progressTo set their goals for improvement
Use of PIs will encourage emulation of the best industry performance and motivate improved NPPoperation
Annual report called PI Trifold is available
Performance Indicators (PI)
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When you think your plant is safe, safety startsdecaying from that point;
Self-satisfaction destroys safety cultureModesty is essential;
It is the surest way to learn from the mistakes ofothers before you face one;
Unfailing efforts for safety is the essence of participation in WANO activities.
Safety Culture is a Daily Thing
World Association of Nuclear Operators
Address: Cavendish Court 11-15 Wigmore StreetLondon W1F,U.K. Tel: +44 20 7478 9200Fax:+44 20 9495 4502
tact: Jean-Marie Baggio, Pre-Startup Group [email protected]