MBA Final Project

1. INTRODUCTION

1.1 INDUSTRY PROFILE

Agriculture the backbone of Indian Economy. still holds its relative importance for more than a billion peoples. The Government of India from time to time has taken considerable steps for the upliftment of Agriculture Sector. Fertilizer in the agricultural process is an important area of concern. Fertilizer industry in India has succeeded in meeting the demand of all chemical fertilizers in the recent years.

The Fertilizer Industry in India started its first manufacturing unit of Single Super Phosphate (SSP) in Ranipet near Chennai with a capacity of 6000 MT a year, in 1906.

India's green revolution in late sixties gave a positive boost to the sector. The sector experienced a faster growth rate and presently India is the third largest fertilizer producer in the world. The installed capacity as on 30.01.2003 has reached a level of 121.10 lakh MT of nitrogen (inclusive of an installed capacity of 208.42 lakh MT of urea after reassessment of capacity) and 53.60 lakh MT of phosphates nutrient, making India the 3rd largest fertilizer producer in the world. The rapid build-up of fertilizer production capacity in the country has been achieved as a result of a favorable policy environment facilitating large investments in the public, co-operative and private sectors. Presently, there are 57 large sized fertilizer plants in the country manufacturing a wide range of nitrogenous, phosphatic and complex fertilizers. Out of these, 29 unit produce urea, 20 units produce DAP and complex fertilizers 13 plants manufacture Ammonium Sulphate (AS), Calcium Ammonium Nitrate (CAN) and other low analysis nitrogenous fertilizers. Besides, there are about 64 medium and small-scale units in operation producing SSP.

1.2 KEY PLAYERS:In south Gujarat region basically the major players are:GNFC GSFC IFFCO KRIBHCOAnd local small fertilizers producers.

1.3 COMPANY PROFILE

Gujarat Narmada Valley Fertilizers Company Ltd. (GNFC), is a joint sector enterprise promoted by the Government of Gujarat and the Gujarat State Fertilizer Company Ltd. (GSFC). It was set up in Bharuch, Gujarat in 1976. Located at Bharuch in an extremely prosperous industrial belt, GNFC draws on the resources of the natural wealth of the land as well as the industrially rich reserves of the area.

GNFC started its manufacturing and marketing operations by setting up in 1982, one of the world's largest single-stream ammonia-urea fertilizer complexes. Over the next few years, GNFC successfully commissioned different projects - in fields as diverse as chemicals, fertilizers and electronics.

Since inception, GNFC has worked towards an extensive growth as a corporation. A growth which respects the environment and springs from the progressive vision of GNFC.

GNFC today has extended its profile much beyond fertilizers through a process of horizontal integration. Chemicals/Petrochemicals, Energy Sector, Electronics/Telecommunications and Information Technology form ambitious and challenging additions to its corporate portfolio. GNFC has an enterprising, strategic view towards expansion and diversification.

ACHIEVEMENTS: The world's largest single stream fuel oil based Ammonia-urea plant. India's Largest Producer of Formic Acid, Acetic Acid and Methanol. India's Only Producer of Glacial Acetic Acid through cutting-edge Methanol route.PRODUCTS OF GNFCFertilizers:GNFC started fertilizer manufacturing and marketing operations by setting up in 1982, one of the worlds largest single-stream ammonia-urea fertilizer complexes. GNFC today is one of the leaders in fertilizer industry. The company is engaged in manufacturing and selling fertilizers such as Urea, Ammonium Nitro phosphate and Calcium Ammonium Nitrate under the umbrella NARMADA. GNFC has to its credit one of the largest Ammonia plant, a reference plant in the world of fuel oil based technology along with the world's largest single stream Urea plant.Urea [NARMADA Urea]Ammonium Nitro phosphate [NARMADA PHOS]Calcium Ammonium Nitrate [NARMADA CAN]

The treaded fertilizers: The company is engaged in handling and importing Urea, Di ammonium Phosphate (DAP), Muriate of Potash (MOP) and Ammonium Sulphate. In addition, GNFC is also handling traded fertilizers like Single Super Phosphate(SSP) from Liberty Phosphate and Others, DAP and Urea. The basic objective of marketing such fertilizers is to make available wide range of fertilizers to farming community, making regular supplies of fertilizers to distribution channel and enhancing the company's turnover. The market is undergoing a sea change and there is a shift from sellers to buyers market. Therefore it is of paramount importance to make available different kind of fertilizers as per the market demand in different areas, and we at GNFC are more concerned about that. Such steps help in making the distribution channel more strong and developing a good rapport with themChemicals:

GNFC has kept pace with changing times and its vision is always focused on growth. Even as the Company was implementing its fertilizer complex, plans were underway for expansion and diversification in related areas. This resulted in the setting up of core chemical and petrochemical plants such as Methanol, Formic Acid, Nitric Acid and Acetic AcidThese industrial chemicals are used by a wide range of manufacturers, processors and chemical operators in India and even abroad. While Methanol finds applications in chemicals, resins etc., Formic Acid is used mainly in rubber, textiles, tanneries and pharmaceuticals industries. Both Methanol and Formic Acid are regularly being exported to international markets.

Methanol

Acetic Acid(Glacial)

Formic Acid 85%

Methyl Formate

Concentrated Nitric Acid

Weak Nitric Acid 61.5%

AmmoniumNitrate [MELT]

Calcium Carbonate

Catsol

IT PRODUCTS:

1 INFOTOWER:

Having 6 floor and 155000sq feet place, it is situated in Ahmedabad it is an ideal location for banks, financial institutions, etc, it is a well known destination for IT based companies in Gujarat.

2. VSAT SERVICE:GNFC has entered into the business of providing satellite based communication network services using VSAT technology. A strategic alliance has been made with M/S TIW Systems Inc., USA in the field of Satellite Communications to offer state of the art satellite communications equipments and services to the Indian market.GNFC has license to provide VSAT services in India. The company has established Hub station at Bharuch - Gujarat. The hub station is designed to handle large traffic of voice, data, Internet and Video Conferencing. All the critical equipments are fully redundant to give 100% reliable services. GNFC plans to have their own VSAT Network connecting all the Regional and Area offices located all over India.

3 INTERNET GATEWAY:GNFC has license to provide Internet Gateway Service. The Gateway is installed and commissioned at Bharuch. Private International Gateway has been established by using IntelSat -704 satellite on C-band.A High Speed Bandwidth Internet Feed initially available at 16 Mbps planned to expand up to 50 Mbps, provides high speed Internet access Internet link.

OTHER IT SERVICES ARE: SECURITY SOLUTIONS NETWORK SOLUTIONS GIS SERVICES

FUNCTIONS OF GNFC:PRODUCTION:

GNFC Plants Installed capacity:

Plant Installed Capacity

Ammonia 4,45,500 MTA Urea 6,36,000 MTA Ammonium Nitro phosphate 1,42,500 MTA Calcium-Ammonium Nitrate 1,42,500 MTA Methanol-I 50,000 MTA Formic Acid 10,000 MTA Methanol-II 1,00,000 MTAWeak Nitric Acid 2,47,500 MTA Concentrated-Nitric Acid I & II 66,000 MTAAcetic Acid 1,00,000 MTA Synthesis Gas Generation Unit 216 Million NM3 per annum Captive Power Plant I & II 50 MWH

GNFC has always shown a dedication to standards of production and environment safeguards, qualified research acumen, and 100% capacity utilization for more than two decades

MARKETING AND DISTRIBUTATIONRegional Offices: Ahmedabad Hyderabad Bangalore Jaipur Bhopal Lucknow Chandigarh New Delhi Pune

GNFC Area Offices: Karnal Surat Meerut Ratlam Bareilly Indore Agra Raipur Jodhpur Jalgaon Udaipur Nasik Vijaywada Chennai Mehsana Cochin Rajkot Vadodara Bhavnagar

Thus, GNFC has developed its marketing and distribution network all over the India.

Environment Management GNFC has developed and implemented Environment Management System (EMS) as per 1S0:14001-1996 for its Fertilizers, Chemicals and supporting services at Bharuch. GNFC is "An ISO:14001 Company" certified by the certifying body RWTUV ,Germany. Presently, Latest certificate is valid up to January,2008GNFC has so far spent Rs.800 million on installation of pollutants control equipments and facilities. The company has also clear Environment Policy. GNFC management is dedicated for allocating various resources for continual environmental improvement.

Research & Development Research and Development centre at GNFC was formally set up in 1986. The R&D centre is recognized by DSIR, Ministry of Science and Technology, Government of India in 1988 as an in house R&D unit. The centre is manned by highly qualified team of scientists and technologists.

1.3 LITERATURE REVIEW

Packaging is, now a days become very important. Basically, it provides protection and identification to the product.

Packaging is the science, art, and technology of enclosing or protecting products for distribution, storage, sale, and use. Packaging also refers to the process of design, evaluation, and production of packages. Package labeling or labeling is any written, electronic, or graphic communications on the packaging or on a separate but associated label.Packaging is heavily integrated into our daily lives, we see it all around us, on everyday items such as chocolate bars and potato chip (crisp) packets- As explained below, the main use for packaging is protection of the goods inside, but packaging also provides us with a recognizable logo, or packaging, we instantly know what the goods are inside

We can also define packaging as all the activities of designing and producing the container for a product. Well-designed package can create convenience and promotional value. The packaging is buyers first encounter with the product.

Various factors have contributed to the growing use of packaging as a marketing tool, they are

Self service: Many products are sold, today on the self service basis. Attractive packaging helps the customer to get attracted towards the product.

Consumer affluence:Means the consumers are willing to pay a little more for convenience, appearance, dependability, and prestige of better package.

Company and brand image:Packaging contributes to instant recognition of the company or brand.

Innovation opportunity:Innovative packaging can bring large benefit to consumers and profits to producers.

Developing the effective packaging requires a number of decisions. From the perspective of both the firm and consumer , the packaging must achieve a number of objectives, like

1 identifying the brand2 convey descriptive and persuasive information3 facilitate product transportation and protection4 assist at-home storage5 aid product consumption

The purposes of packaging and package labels:

Physical Protection The objects enclosed in the package may require protection from, among other things, shock, vibration, compression, temperature, etc. Barrier Protection A barrier from oxygen, water vapor, dust, etc., is often required. Package permeability is a critical factor in design. Some packages contain desiccants or Oxygen absorbers. especially, this purpose is important for the fertilizers. Fertilizers get effected by the whether.Containment or Agglomeration Small objects are typically grouped together in one package for reasons of efficiency. For example, a single box of 1000 pencils requires less physical handling than 1000 single pencils. Liquids, powders, and flowables need containment. Information transmission Information on how to use, transport, recycle, or dispose of the package or product is often contained on the package or label. With pharmaceutical, food, medical, and chemical products, some types of information are required by governments. Marketing The packaging and labels can be used by marketers to encourage potential buyers to purchase the product. Package design has been an important and constantly evolving phenomenon for years. Marketing communications and graphic design are applied to the surface of the package and (in many cases) the point of sale display. Security Packaging can play an important role in reducing the security risks of shipment. Packages can be made with improved tamper resistance to deter tampering and also can have tamper-evident features to help indicate tampering. Packages may include authentication seals to help indicate that the package and contents are not counterfeit.Convenience Packages can have features which add convenience in distribution, handling, display, sale, opening, enclosing, use, and reuse. Portion Control Single serving or single dosage packaging has a precise amount of contents to control usage. Bulk commodities (such as salt) can be divided into packages that are a more suitable size for individual households. It is also aids the control of inventory: selling sealed one-liter-bottles of milk, rather than having people bring their own bottles to fill themselves.

Packaging types

Packaging may be looked at as several different types. For example a transport package or distribution package is the package form used to ship, store, and handle the product or inner packages. Some identify a consumer package as one which is directed toward a consumer or household.It is sometimes convenient to categorize packages by layer or function: "primary", "secondary", etc. Primary packaging is the material that first envelops the product and holds it. This usually is the smallest unit of distribution or use and is the package which is in direct contact with the contents. Secondary packaging is outside the primary packaging perhaps used to group primary packages together. Tertiary packaging is used for bulk handling and shipping.

Primary packaging Bags-In-Boxes Beverage can Bottles Blister packs Carton Envelopes Plastic bags Plastic bottles Tin can Wrappers

Secondary packaging Boxes Cartons Shrink wrap

Tertiary packaging Bales Barrel Crate Container edge protector Flexible intermediate bulk container, Big bag, "Bulk Bags", or "Super Sacks" Intermediate bulk container Pallets Slip Sheet stretch wrap

These broad categories can be somewhat arbitrary. For example, depending on the use, a shrink wrap can be primary packaging when applied directly to the product, secondary packaging when combining smaller packages, and tertiary packaging on some distribution packs

Developing effective Packaging may creat considerable amount of money and several months to complete, but it also help company to gain good results.

PACKAGING FOR FERTILIZERS:

The fertilizers are packed in the bag with the weight of 50 kg. In case of fertilizers, there nothing likes primary or secondary packaging. There are bags with weight of 50 kg. Packaging is important for fertilizers because fertilizers easily get affected by the weather. The moisture affects the fertilizers. The package label of fertilizers bag also contain the information regarding to NPK ratio, its weight, price, name and logo of the manufacturing company, etc,Good packaging of fertilizers helps in protecting them, providing necessary information to farmers, attracting them, comfortable and safe handling, and safe storing.

CHAPTER 2RESEARCH METHODOLOGY :

2.1 PROBLEM STATEMENT:

Customers opinion about the Packing of Fertilizers products and where the packaging of GNFC fertilizers stands compared to competitors, in case of its fertilizers products, in Valsad & near by villages.

2.2 RESEARCH OBJECTIVE:

Prime Objectives:-

To know the customers opinion about the packaging of fertilizers products. To know where the packaging of GNFC stands with compared to the competitors

Secondary Objectives:- To know the use of fertilizers of different companies, by the farmers. To know the factors, those are taken in to consideration by the farmers while choosing the fertilizers. To know what are their opinion about double packaging, type of bag, weight of bag, information printed on bag, etc, To know where the farmers need improvement in the packaging of fertilizers of GNFC. To know how the customers rank different companies for their packaging and why? To provide some necessary suggestions.

2.3 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY:

Before starting I have discussed with my guide at the company, and few farmers about the packaging of fertilizers. I did general talk on the same topic with the farmers. during this EXPLORATORY RESEARCH , I came to know about the thoughts of farmers and the need of the need of the company. On this basis I made questionnaire for further research. For this part, the research design is DISCRIPTIVE CROSS SECTIONAL RESEARCH DESIGN. as I have tried to give answer of questions like. What, how much, why, etc, it is descriptive research design. And as the study is conducted only at a particular point of time- the study would not be done again- it is cross sectional research design.

PRE TESTING:

The pre testing was conducted on 15 farmers in the Valsad and nearby area. According to their response the necessary modification was made in questionnaire.

2.4 DEFINE TARGET POPULATION:

SAMPLING PLAN:

Sampling plan is very important when there is limited time. It helps in collecting the appropriate data .it provides clear scheduled plan for collecting data.

SAMPLE DESCRIPTION In this study the target population is of farmers, who consume the fertilizers.

SAMPLE SIZE:150 farmers were interviewed as respondents.

SAMPLE SITE:The samples were taken from Krishi Mahotsav 2012 Nana Pondha village of Valsad district on 17th May 2012.

SAMPLE SELECTION TECHNIQUES:

NON PROBABILITY CONVENIENCE TECHNIQUE was used for selecting samples. As the sample site was valsad and nearby villages, the probability of all other farmers, to be selected as sample, was not same. And even in selected sample site, who so ever farmers were available, was interviewed and so it is convenient sampling.

2.5 RESEARCH INSTRUMENT:The questionnaire was used as research instrument. That contains:-Multiple options questions and Open ended questions.

2.6 DATA COLLECTION: The two kinds of data were collected. 1 primary data 2 secondary data.

1. Primary data: collected through the questionnaire, from the farmers.2. Secondary date: taken through the use of internet, printed outlets provided by GNFC, the diary of GNFC, and some books.

2.7 LIMITATIONS OF THE RESEARCH:

1. PROBABILITY SAMPLING was not used. So the result can not be generalized.2. The time period was limited of two months.3. The farmers can be biased while giving their opinions. 4. My own limitations: as being the new fellow in such study, the lack of experience and expertise from my part creates some limitations.

2.8 TOOLS AND TECHANIQUES USED:

Frequency analysis: frequency analysis provides the frequency of the respondents, in giving the answers of the questions.

Cross tabs: The Cross tabs procedure forms two-way and multiway tables and provides a variety of tests and measures of association for two-way tables. The structure of the table and whether categories are ordered determine what test or measure to use.

Crosstabs' statistics and measures of association are computed for two-way tables only. If you specify a row, a column, and a layer factor (control variable), the Crosstabs procedure forms one panel of associated statistics and measures for each value of the layer factor (or a combination of values for two or more control variables. Cross tabs: The Cross tabs procedure forms two-way and multiway tables and provides a variety of tests and measures of association for two-way tables. The structure of the table and whether categories are ordered determine what test or measure to use. Crosstabs' statistics and measures of association are computed for two-way tables only. If you specify a row, a column, and a layer factor (control variable), the Crosstabs procedure forms one panel of associated statistics and measures for each value of the layer factor (or a combination of values for two or more control variables. CHAPTER 3DATA ANALYSIS AND INTERPRITATIONQ-1Do you use chemical fertilizers? Q-2 If Yes, Which companies fertilizers do you use?

Purpose of the question: the question is asked to know the use of various brands of fertilizers by the farmers.

Fertilizers used of various companies- Frequencies

ResponsesPercent of Cases

NPercentN

Fertilizers Used(a)fertilizer used of GNFC11622.6%77.3%

fertilizer used of GSFC11021.4%73.3%

fertilizer used of KRIBHCO11522.4%76.7%

fertilizer used of IFFCO10019.5%66.7%

fertilizer used of other companies7214.0%48.0%

Total513100.0%342.0%

Dichotomy group tabulated at value 1.

Out of 150 respondents 116 are using the GNFC fertilizers. While for GSFC, KRIBHCO, IFFCO and others this no. is 110, 115, 100, and 72 respectively. This shows the highest usage of GNFC fertilizers. That is 77.3%

Q-3 How many bags of fertilizers, do you use per year?

Purpose of the question: To know the consumption of the fertilizers

No. of bags used per year

BAGS/YEARFrequencyPercent

0-1032.0

11-201.7

21-3042.7

31-4021.3

41-501610.7

51-602114.0

61-701812.0

71-801812.0

81-901711.3

91-10042.7

above 1004630.7

Total150100.0

The chart shows that there are 30% respondents who consume more than 100 bags of fertilizers per year. The users of less than 20 bags per year are very few. It shows the huge consumption of fertilizers in terms of quantity.

Q-4 How many rupees do you spent on fertilizers per year?

Purpose of the question: to know the consumption of fertilizers in rupees terms. Fertilizers are one of the major inputs in agriculture. So to know how the spending is done on fertilizers.Rupees spent on fertilizer per year

FrequencyPercent

0-1000032.0

10001-200001812.0

20001-300002818.7

30001-400002013.3

40001-500001711.3

50001-600001510.0

60001-7000053.3

70001-8000053.3

above 1000003926.0

Total150100.0

The information shows that there are 26%respondants who spends more than 100000 rupees on fertilizers per year. There are very few farmers who spend less than 10000 rupees on fertilizers per year. This also shows the big use of fertilizers.

Q-5 what are the factors, those you consider while choosing the fertilizers? (Give 1 to 5 ranks)

Purpose of the question: to know what are the factors that are considered by the farmers, while choosing the fertilizers and in which order?

Rank 1 Frequencies


NPercentN

rank(a)Rank given to price3020.0%20.0%

rank given to attractive packaging32.0%2.0%

Rank given to brand3422.7%22.7%

Rank given to bag quality42.7%2.7%

Rank given to NPK ratio7952.7%52.7%

Total150100.0%100.0%

a Dichotomy group tabulated at value 1.

If we talk about rank 1 than, 79 respondents give 1st rank to the NPK ratio.34 respondents give 1st rank to brand .while only 3 respondents give 1st rank to attractive packaging.

Rank 2 Frequencies


NPercentN

rank(a)Rank given to price3221.3%21.3%

rank given to attractive packaging32.0%2.0%

Rank given to brand4429.3%29.3%

Rank given to bag quality128.0%8.0%

Rank given to NPK ratio5939.3%39.3%

Total150100.0%100.0%


59 respondents give 2nd rank to NPK ratio. 44 respondents give 2nd rank to brand. Here also only 3 respondents give 2nd rank to attractive packaging. The above both the table shows that the farmers give more preference to NPK ratio and the brand. While they give least preference to attractive packaging.

Q-6 Out of the information printed on bag , what are the informations you consider?

Purpose of the question: to know what informations do they consider, printed on bag, so that necessary improvement can be done in printing the information.

Information printed on bag.

out of printed informationResponsesPercent of Cases

NPercentN

Information printed on bag(a)weight is considered427.6%28.0%

NPK ratio is considered14125.5%94.0%

company name is considered11120.1%74.0%

fertilizer name is considered13123.7%87.3%

company logo is considered498.9%32.7%

price is considered7814.1%52.0%

Total552100.0%368.0%

The table shows that 141 respondents considered the information of NPK ratio.131 considered the name of the fertilizers while 111 considered the information of company name and 78 considered the price. Few respondents considered weight and logo.(42 & 49 respectively)

Q-7 How much a particular fertilizer should be used for different crops should this information be printed on the bag?

Purpose of the question: to know the opinion of the respondents for this idea.

Crop wise information should be printed on bag

FrequencyPercent

yes10570.0

no4530.0

Total150100.0

70% respondents believe that this information should be printed on the bag of fertilizers so that it provides guideline

Q-8 Which kinds of bag do you prefer?

Purpose of the question: to know the preference of the farmers for bag.

Better bag, jute/HDEP

FrequencyPercent

Jute149.3

HDPE13690.7

Total150100.0

90.7% respondents believe that the present HDPE bag is better. They prefer HDPE bag.

Q-9 Can you identify the bag of Narmada fertilizers of GNFC, without reading the name?

Q-10 If yes, through which?

Purpose of the questions: Except the name, by which element the Narmada fertilizer is identified. So that more focus on that element can be given.

Identification of ''NARMADA'' brand

FrequencyPercent

yes150100.0

The identification of NARMADA is done by FrequencyPercent

logo of company150100.0

All the respondents can identify the Narmada fertilizers of GNFC without reading the name. they all can identify only through the logo of the company. So the logo of the company is quite popular among the farmers.

Q-11 how much weight of fertilizer bag is appropriate according to you?

Purpose of the question: during the pre testing I found that many farmers were complaining that now a days , it becomes difficult for people to handle the weight of 50 kg at a time, so there should be bag with the weight of 25-30 kg. so this question has been kept to know the opinion of other respondents.

Weight of bag FrequencyPercent

5010972.7

25-304127.3

Total150100.0

72.7% respondents believe that the present 50 kg bag is appropriate. While 27.3% respondents believe that there should be bag with the weight of 25-30 kg.

Q-12 Do you believe that the double packaging of GNFC fertilizer helps in protecting the products.

Purpose of the question: GNFC has introduced DOUBLE PACKAGING in particularly NARMADA CAN. This question has been asked to know whether this double packaging has got succeed.

Successful double packaging

FrequencyPercent

yes13590.0

no1510.0

Total150100.0

90% respondents believe that the double packaging helps in protecting the products.

Q-13 which things you find appropriate in packaging of GNFC fertilizers?Q-14 which things you find in packaging of GNFC fertilizers, that need to be improved ?

Purpose of the question: to know according to respondents what is appropriate and what need to be changed. The options given in both these questions are same and so they also check whether the respondent is consistent.

Appropriate- Frequencies

Responses% CASE

NPercentN

AppropriateBag color is appropriate11114.5%74.0%

print color is appropriate13818.0%92.0%

Logo size is appropriate14519.0%96.7%

Bag material is appropriate11815.4%78.7%

Steaching is appropriate13117.1%87.3%

weight is appropriate11414.9%76.0%

others is appropriate81.0%5.3%

Total765100.0%510.0%

Need to improve- Frequencies

Need to Improve (a)ResponsesPercent of Cases

NPercentN

bag color should be improved3727.0%40.2%

print color should be improved107.3%10.9%

logo size should be improved42.9%4.3%

bag material should be improved3223.4%34.8%

steaching should be improved1913.9%20.7%

weight should be improved3525.5%38.0%

Total137100.0%148.9%


27% respondents believe that the color of bag should be changed. Instead of present white bag some colorful bag should be there. (Probably sky blue) 23%respondents believe that the quality of bag should be improved.25.5%respondents believe that the weight should be changed.

Q-15 Give rank 1 to 5 to the following brand for their bag quality.

Purpose of the question: in packaging the bag quality is one of the most important elements for the farmers. The empty bags are used for making carpers, for storing grains in it, etc. so farmers give importance to the quality of the bag also. This question finds according to farmers which companys bag quality is good?

Bag Quality Frequencies

Bag Quality(a)ResponsesPercent of Cases

NPercentN

rank to bag quality of GNFC8254.7%54.7%

rank to bag quality of GSFC3120.7%20.7%

rank to bag quality of IFFCO2617.3%17.3%

rank to bag quality of KRIBHCO117.3%7.3%

Total150100.0%100.0%


54.7% respondents say that the bag quality of GNFC is best. Then comes GSFC, IFFCO, KRIBHCO in descending order.

Q-16 Give rank 1 to 4 to following brands for the packaging of their fertilizers Q-17 according to you, what are the reasons for good packaging of above companies

Purpose of the questions: how the farmers give rank to different companies for the packaging of their fertilizers and why and where the GNFC stands compared to the competitors, for packaging of its fertilizers

Rank for Packaging Frequencies

Rank to Packaging(a)ResponsesPercent of Cases

NPercentN

rank to packaging of GNFC7751.3%51.3%

rank to packaging of GSFC3120.7%20.7%

rank to packaging of KRIBHCO1610.7%10.7%

rank to packaging of IFFCO2617.3%17.3%

Total150100.0%100.0%


77 (51.3%) respondents believe that the packaging of GNFC is best. Means GNFC stands 1st for its packaging of fertilizers products.

Reasons for good packaging Frequencies

Reasons(a)ResponsesPercent of Cases

NPercentN

bag color is reason for good packaging8213.2%54.7%

print color is reason for good packaging6210.0%41.3%

bag material is reason for good packaging13521.8%90.0%

info. Printed is reason for good packaging12019.4%80.0%

steaching is reason for good packaging13121.2%87.3%

weight is reason for good packaging8914.4%59.3%

Total619100.0%412.7%


The reasons for good packaging are- 21.8% are saying good bag material. 21.2% are saying good stitching. 19.4% are saying information printed is the reason.

Chi-square test:

Here by chi-square test we will try to find that Is there any significance association between the quantity of land owned by the farmers and the rank given to different factors while choosing the fertilizers?

Null Hypothesis: There is no significance association between the Qty of LAND owned by the farmers & the rank given to PRICE, while choosing the fertilizers.

Alternative Hypothesis: There is significance association between the Qty of LAND owned by the farmers & the rank given to PRICE, while choosing the fertilizers.

Chi-Square TestsValue

DfAsymp. Sig. (2-sided)

Pearson Chi-Square50.23020.000

Here the significance value comes at 0.000, which is less than 0.05. So, null hypothesis is rejected. And so, alternative hypothesis is accepted. So there is significance association between the Qty of LAND owned by the farmers & the rank given to PRICE, while choosing the fertilizers.

Land & attract packaging

Null Hypothesis: There is no significance association between the Qty of LAND owned by the farmers & the rank given to ATTRACTIVE PACKAGING, while choosing the fertilizers.

Alternative Hypothesis: There is significance association between the Qty of LAND owned by the farmers & the rank given to ATTRACTIVE PACKAGING, while choosing the fertilizers

Chi-Square Tests ValueDfAsymp. Sig.(2-sided)

Pearson Chi-Square25.30320 .190

Here the significance value comes at 0.190, which is greater than 0.05. So, null hypothesis is accepted. And so, there is NO significance association between the Qty of LAND owned by the farmers & the rank given to ATTRACTIVE PACKAGING, while choosing the fertilizers.

Land & brand

Null Hypothesis: There is no significance association between the Qty of LAND owned by the farmers & the rank given to BRAND, while choosing the fertilizers. Alternative Hypothesis: There is significance association between the Qty of LAND owned by the farmers & the rank given to BRAND, while choosing the fertilizers

Chi-Square Tests ValueDfAsymp. Sig. (2-sided)


Here the significance value comes at 0.213, which is greater than 0.05. So, null hypothesis is accepted. And so, So there is NO significance association between the Qty of LAND owned by the farmers & the rank given to BRAND, while choosing the fertilizers.

Land & Bag quality

Null Hypothesis: There is no significance association between the Qty of LAND owned by the farmers & the rank given to QUALITY OF THE BAG, while choosing the fertilizers. Alternative Hypothesis: There is significance association between the Qty of LAND owned by the farmers & the rank given to QUALITY OF THE BAG, while choosing the fertilizers



Here the significance value comes at 0.051, which is greater than 0.05. So, null hypothesis is accepted. And so, there is NO significance association between the Qty of LAND owned by the farmers & the rank given to QUALITY OF THE BAG, while choosing the fertilizers.

Land & NPK ratio

Null Hypothesis: There is no significance association between the Qty of LAND owned by the farmers & the rank given to NPK RATIO, while choosing the fertilizers. Alternative Hypothesis: There is significance association between the Qty of LAND owned by the farmers & the rank given to NPK RATIO, while choosing the fertilizers



Here the significance value comes at 0.496, which is greater than 0.05. So, null hypothesis is accepted. And so, there is NO significance association between the Qty of LAND owned by the farmers & the rank given to NPK RATIO, while choosing the fertilizers.

.

FINDINGS: 1. Out of 100% respondents 77% respondents are using the fertilizer of GNFC. with that

73% are using the fertilizers of GSFC 76% are using the fertilizers of KRIBHCO 66% are using the fertilizers of IFFCO 485 are also using the fertilizers of other brands.Other includes the brands like, URVIK UREA, MIXTURE OF NAVSARI , MIXTURE OF JUNAGHADH. Etc , So, we can conclude that the use of GNFC fertilizers is maximum.

2. There are about 30.7% respondents who consume more than 100 bags per year. and about 26% respondents who spend more than 100000 rupees on fertilizers per year. So Valsad and nearby region has a big potential.

3. While choosing the fertilizers, the main factors, those are considered are NPK ratio, and than brand and than price. While less importance is given to attractive packaging.

4. In the same way, out of printed information on the bag, NPK ratio, name of the fertilizers is considered the most. Than comes brand name. while weight and logo of the company is generally ignored.

5. 70% respondents believe that the crop wise information should be printed on the bag. so that it provides the guideline in using that fertilizers for different kind of crops.

6. The companys present HDPE bag is preferred by the respondents.

7. 27.3% respondents believe that the company should introduce the bag with the weight of 25-30 kg.

8. 90% respondents believe that the double packaging of GNFC is good and protect the product.

9. All respondents can identify the bag of GNFC, by only seeing the logo of the company.

10. 27% respondents believe that the color of the bag should be colorful. E.g. sky blue.

11. 54% respondents believe that the bag quality of GNFC is best.

12. 51% respondents believe that the overall packaging of GNFC is best.

13. There is no significance association between the Qty of the land owned by the farmers & the the rank given to PRICE, while choosing the fertilizers. But there is NO significance association between the Qty of the LAND owned by the farmers & the rank given to the factors likeATTRACTIVE PACKAGING,BRAND,QUALITY OF THE BAG & NPK RATIO.

RECOMMENDATIONS: The following recommendations can be given to the company-

1. Looking at to the figure of the consumption of fertilizers, we can say that there is a huge potential for fertilizers market, in Valsad and nearby villages. 77% respondents are using the GNFC fertilizers. The remaining 23% respondents complaint that they cannot get the GNFC fertilizers as and when required, due to non availability at the dealer. And so the company should make the fertilizers easily available.

2. The company should focus on printing the information like NPK ratio. Name of the brand and the name of the fertilizer.

3. The company should introduce the bag with the weight of 25-30 kg. Even to check the view of more farmers. It may possible that this new weight can be appreciated by other farmers also.

4. The company should go for double packaging in other fertilizers also, as it is demanded by the farmers.

5. The company should change the color of its bag. As many people said the color should be sky blue or light green.

BIBLIOGRAPHY:

1. www.gnvfc.net

2. www.gnvfc.net/itdivision.html

3. www.gnvfc.net/chemicals/chemicals.html

4. www.gnvfc.net/fertilizers/fertilizers.html

5. www.iip-in.com

6. http://fert.nic.in/

7. Marketing Management- by Kotler & Keller

8. printed outlets provided by GNFC

APPENDIX :1 RESEARCH INSTRUMENT: Hello,

I come from GNFC Bharuch. I am having a summer project at GNFC as a part of my M.B.A. curriculum. In this project, I am doing survey on Packaging of fertilizers products. You are requested to fill up this questionnaire for this purpose.

Introduction :

Please Read each question carefully and give answer without bias. The information received from you would be used for academic purpose and would be kept confidential.

(1) Do you use chemical fertilizers?

Yes No

(2) If Yes, Which companies fertilizers you used? (Tick In box)

GNFCIFFCOGSFCOthers ____________KRIBHCO

(3) How many bags of fertilizers, you used for a year? (Tick In box)0-1061-7011-2071-8021-3081-9031-4091-10041-50Above 10051-60

(4) How much rupees you spend on fertilizers for a Year? (Tick In box)0-10,00060,000-70,00010,000-20,00070,000-80,00020,000-30,00080,000-90,00030,000-40,00090,000-1,00,0040,000-50,000Above 1,00,00050,000-60,000

(5) What are the factors, that you considered while choosing fertilizers (Give Rank 1 to 5) PriceAttractive Packaging BrandBag qualityN.P.K. Ratio

(6) Out of the Information Printed on the bag which are the informations you consider? (Tick In box)PriceWeightN.P.K. RatioName of Company Name of fertilizers Logo of company

(7) How much a particular fertilizer should be used for different crops should this information be printed on bag? Yes No

(8) Which kind of bag do you prefer? Jute bagH.D.P.E. Bag

(9) Can you identify then bag of Narmada Fertilizers of GNFC, Without reading the name? Yes No

(10) If yes, through which you can Identified? Color of BagPrint of BagLogo of Company

(11) How much weight of fertilizers Bag is appropriate according to you. The Present Weight 50 KG25-30 KG

(12) Do you believe that Double packaging of GNFC fertilizers, helps in protecting the product? Yes No (13) Out of following which things, you find appropriate in GNFC fertilizers packaging? (Tick In box)

Bag ColorPrint ColorLoge SizeBag materials Steaching WeightOthers

(14) Out of following which things should be improved in GNFC fertilizers packaging? (Tick In box)Bag ColorPrint ColorLoge SizeBag materials Steaching WeightOthers

(15) Give Rank 1 to 4 the following brands for the quality of the Bag ? Narmada (GNFC)Sardar (GSFC)IFFCOKRIBCHO

(16) Give Rank 1 to 4 to the following brands for the packaging of the fertilizers product. Narmada (GNFC)Sardar (GSFC)IFFCOKRIBCHO

(17) According to you, what are the reason for good packaging of above companion (Tick In box)Bag ColorPrint ColorBag materials Information printedSteaching Weight Other

(18) If you have any suggestion, Please ___________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Personal Information :- Name: ___________________________________________________Address: ___________________________________________________Age: _______________Land: (in Acres)

1-516-206-1021-2511-1526 and above

Crops Taken: (Tick In box)SugarcaneVegetable RiceWheatOthers ___________ ___________

Thank YouAPPENDIX 2: OTHER MANUFACTURERS OF FERTILIZERS: Fertilizer Industry in India

Key playersCompanyAddress

National Fertilizers Limited (NFL) www.nationalfertilizers.comNational Fertilizers Limited,VijaipurNational Fertilizers Limited,Panipat,HaryanaNational Fertilizers Limited,Punjab-151003.National Fertilizers Limited,Punjab

Fertilisers & Chemicals Travancore Ltd. (FACT) www.fact.co.inUdyogamandal DivisionKochi, Kerala

Petrochemical DivisionKochi, Kerala Cochin DivisionKochi, Kerala Engineering Consultancy UnitKochi, Kerala Fabricating and Engineering UnitKochi, Kerala

Rashtriya Chemicals & Fertilizers Limited (RCF) www.madrasfert.nic.inMadras Fertilizers LimitedChennai 600 068.

Steel Authority Of India Limited (SAIL) www.sail.co.in

Rourkela Steel Plant

NeyveliLignite CorporationLtd. (NLC) www.nlcindia.comFertilizer FactoryTamil Nadu

Paradeep Phosphates Limited (PPL) www.paradeepphosphates.comPPL TownshipJagatsinghpur-

Pyrites, Phosphates & Chemicals Ltd. (PPCL) www.ppclindia.comAmjhore(Bihar) SaladipuraRajasthan 1-AB, Ravindra Nath Tagore MargUttaranchal

Hindustan Fertilizer Corporation Limited (HFC)DurgapuWest Bengal BarauniBihar HaldiaWest Bengal

Brahmaputra Valley Fertilizer Corporation Limited www.bvfcl.comNamrupAssam

The Fertilizer Corporation Of India Limited (FCIL)SindriJharkhand Ramagundam (A.P.) Talcher OrissaGorakhpurUttar Pradesh

Hindustan Copper Limited (HCL)KhetriAcid Cum Fertilizer PlantKhetrinagar

FCI Aravali Gypsum And Minerals India LimitedNamrupP.O. ParbatpurDibrugarh-786623Assam

Indian Farmers Fertilizer Cooperative Limited (IFFCO)Kalol IFFCOP.O.KasturinagarDistt.Gandinagar-382423. GujaratKandla IFFCOPost Box No. 12GandhidhamKandla- 370210Gujarat Phulpur IFFCOP.O. GhiyanagarPhulpurAllahabad- 212404Uttar Pradesh Aonla IFFCOP.O. IFFCO TownshipDist. Bareilly- 243403Uttar Pradesh

Krishak Bharati Cooperative Limited (KRIBHCO)HaziraHazira Fertiliser ComplexP.O. KRIBHCO NagarHaziraSurat- 394515Gujarat

Gujarat State Fertilizer and Chemical limited www.gsfclimited.comFertilizernagar (Vadodara)Kosamba (Surat)Sikka (Jamnagar) Vadodara

Coromandel Fertilizers Limited www.cflindia.comVishakhapatnam

Navi Mumbai

Sriram Fertilizers and Chemicals http://www.dscl.com/Business_Agree_Urea.aspxKota, Rajasthan

Zuari Industries Limited- Fertilizer Limited www.zuari-chambal.comGoa

Southern Petrochemicals Inds. Corpn. Ltd.: www.spic.inTuticorin

Duncans Industries Limited www.duncansfertiliser.comKanpur

Mangalore Chemicals & Fertilizers Limited www.mangalorechemicals.comPanambur, Mangalore

Gujarat Narmada Valley Fertilisers Co. Ltd. www.gnvfc.netBharuch, Gujarat

Deepak Fertilizers & Petrochemicals Ltd www.dfpcl.comPlot K1, MIDC Industrial Area,P.O.Taloja-Maharashtra.

Indo-Gulf Fertilizers & Chemicals Corporation Limited www.indo-gulf.co.inPO Jagdishpur Industrial Area

Uttar Pradesh

Godavari Fertilizer & Chemicals Limited www.gfcl.comKakinada

Nagarjuna Fertilizers and Chemicals Limited www.nagarjunagroup.comKakinada

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