MCAS BIOLOGY REVIEWCell Biology
Ms. MezzettiLynn English High School
Science Department
2.1: CELL ORGANELLESRelate cell parts/organelles to their functions. ORGANELLE STRUCTURE FUNCTION
plasma membrane
protects, supports and is semipermeable-allows substances in and out of cell
nucleus contains DNA/chromosomes which controls cell’s activities
nuclear envelope
surrounds nucleus, lets mRNA leave nucleus
cytoplasm everything between nucleus and plasma membrane
cell membranecell boundarycontrols movementof materials in & outrecognizes signals
cytoplasmjelly-like material holding organelles in place
vacuole & vesiclestransport inside cellsstorage
mitochondriamake ATP energy
from sugar + O2
nucleusprotects DNAcontrols cell
ribosomesbuilds proteins
ERhelps finish proteinsmakes membranes
Golgi apparatusfinishes, packages
& ships proteins
lysosomefood digestiongarbage disposal &recycling
Animal Cell
cell boundarycontrols movementof materials in & outrecognizes signals
jelly-like material holding organelles in place
transport inside cellsstorage
make ATP energy
from sugar + O2
protects DNAcontrols cell
builds proteins
helps finish proteinsmakes membranes
finishes, packages
& ships proteins
food digestiongarbage disposal &recycling
Animal Cell-Identify the organelles
central vacuolestorage: food, water or waste
mitochondriamake ATP in cellular respiration
chloroplastmake ATP & sugars in photosynthesis
cell wallsupport
cell membranecell boundarycontrols movementof materials in & outrecognizes signals
Golgi apparatusfinish & ship proteins
nucleuscontrol cellprotects DNA
endoplasmic reticulumprocesses proteinsmakes membranes
ribosomesmake proteinscytoplasm
jelly-like material around organelles
nucleolusmake ribosomes
Plant Cell
storage: food, water or waste
make ATP in cellular respiration
make ATP & sugars in photosynthesis
support
cell boundarycontrols movementof materials in & outrecognizes signals
finish & ship proteins
control cellprotects DNA
processes proteinsmakes membranes
make proteinsjelly-like material around organelles
make ribosomes
Plant Cell-name the organelles
2.1: CELL ORGANELLES
PSEUDOPODCILIAFLAGELLUM
Found mostly in animal cells; all used for cell movement
2.1 Role of cell membrane Explain the role of cell membranes as a highly selective barrier (diffusion, osmosis, facilitated diffusion, and active transport).
Role of cell membrane-osmosisOsmosis – diffusion of water
2.2: PROKARYOTES/EUKARYOTESCompare and contrast, at the cellular level, prokaryotes and eukaryotes (general structures and degrees of complexity).
PROKARYOTES BOTH EUKARYOTESNo nucleus DNA Membrane bound
nucleusNo membrane bound organelles
Ribosomes Membrane bound organelles-ER; golgi bodies; mitochondria; lysosome
Bacteria Plasma membrane
Animal, plant, protist and fungi cells
Simple cells Cytoplasm Complex cells
2.3 CELLULAR EVIDENCE FOR 6 KINGDOMS
Use cellular evidence: cell structurecell number,cell reproductionmodes of nutrition
to describe the six kingdoms (Archaebacteria, Eubacteria, Protista, Fungi, Plantae, Animalia).
7 LEVELS OF CLASSIFICATION
2.3 SIX KINGDOMS OF LIFE
2.4 PHOTOSYNTHESIS Identify the reactants, products, and basic purposes of photosynthesis and cellular respiration. • Takes place in the chloroplasts of plants• Produces glucose plants convert to starch for
storage, cellulose for structure and ATP for energy.
2.4 CELL RESPIRATIONTakes place in the mitochondriaProcess produces ATPAerobic respiration requires oxygenAnaerobic- no oxygen; fermentation; takes place in cytosol
2.4: Explain the interrelated nature of photosynthesis and cellular respiration in the cells of photosynthetic organisms.
• Plants are autotrophs-produce their own food
• Animals are heterotrophs-rely on other organisms for their nutrition (food).
2.5 Explain the important role that ATP serves in metabolism.
2.6 MITOSIS/CELL CYCLEDescribe the cell cycle and the process of mitosis.
2.6: MITOSISExplain the role of mitosis in the formation of new cells, and its importance in maintaining chromosome number during asexual reproduction. • Purpose of mitosis is
for growth and repair in somatic (body cells)
2.7 Meiosis-Describe how the process of meiosis results in the formation of haploid cells.
2.8 Compare and contrast a virus and a cell in terms of genetic material and reproduction.• Viruses can contain DNA
and RNA• Viruses can not
reproduce on their own• They need to invade a
host cell to reproduce• Bacteriophages invade
bacteria; inject their DNA into the host cell