MCC Peacebuilding and RPP presentation Cambodia.ppt

8/22/2019 MCC Peacebuilding and RPP presentation Cambodia.ppt

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MCC Peacebuilding

and Reflecting on PeacePractice (RPP)

Krista Johnson

MCC Peace Program Coordinator

[email protected]

01/28/11, Siem Reap
mailto:[email protected]:[email protected]


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MCC Peace Work MCC works for peace all around the world

(link to map)


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Palestine/Israel


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Colombia Peacebuilding

Stories


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Tanzania Mining Justice


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MCC Peacebuilding and

Conflict Transformation

Activities with the primary objectives of preventing,mitigating and transforming violence and conflictbetween groups and individuals as well asaddressing systems and structures that perpetuateconflict and violence. This includes activities suchas: Peacebuilding education and training, including scholarship

support for continuing peacebuilding education

Conflict Transformation programs which might include

mediation, negotiation, dialogue, and conflict analysisactivities seeking to improve communications skills, resolveconflict, and build capacity

Bridge-building and dialogue work, which seeks to workacross religious, ethnic and identity-based line


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MCC Peacebuilding and

Conflict Transformation Contd

Public Engagement and Peace Advocacy work which aimsto address structural violence perpetuating systems ofinjustice.

Human rights monitoring, awareness, and advocacy

Trauma Healing programming which seeks to increaseresiliency and trauma awareness and enable individualsand communities to break cycles of violence.

Conflict Prevention work, which seeks to prevent violentconflict by addressing persistent inequalities, structural

violence and root causes of conflict by utilizing conflictassessments, and appropriate interventions which aim toimpact the long-term as well as the short-term conflictsituation.


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Peacebuilding

Is Peacebuilding an Art or a Science?

Academic Discipline or Grassroots Movement?

Putting Myself on the Stakeholder Map


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Reflecting on Peace Practice

(RPP)

An experience-based learning process Developed

by the Collaborative for Development Action (CDA)

Based on 25+ case studies and feedbackworkshops across many contexts over a three year

period

Asks the question: How can international

agencies engaged in peace practice make their

efforts more effective?
http://www.cdainc.com/cdawww/project_profile.php?pid=RPP&pname=Reflecting%20Peace%20Practicehttp://www.cdainc.com/cdawww/project_profile.php?pid=RPP&pname=Reflecting%20Peace%20Practice


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Con fl ict analys is

is crucial !

RPP Lesson One


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Analysis is not optional; it isessential and obligatory for

peace work.

But

There is no agreement about whatconstitutes good analysis, and noone methodology has proven betterthan any other!

RPP Lesson One


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RPP asks the questions:

Whatshould we work on? What are thepriority issues/conflict factors?

Whomshould we work with? Whatactors/stakeholders are the most important?

Whyshould we work on that issue and withthose people? What is the rationale for ourchosen approach?

Is this the right t imeto undertake thisinitiative? Given the conflict dynamics, is the

time right for our proposed actions?


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Conflict Analysis

Context Analysis Conflict Analysis

Three Key Elements to

Analyze:

Key conflict drivers

Key peace resources

Key actors

The difference between

Context Analysis and

Conflict Analysis


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RPP Lesson One

Programs often miss the mark:

Are not relevant to the conflict

Do not affect or address main

dynamics of the conflict


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Good con f l ic t analys is

mus t add ress certain

impo rtant elements

RPP Lesson Two


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Good conflict analysis:

Identifies and prioritizes key drivingfactors and relationships amongthem

Identifies key actors (not key toprogram, but key to the evolution of

the conflict or peace)

Identifies points of leverage forintervention

RPP Lesson Two


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It is c ri t ical to l ink

ANALYSIS to PROGRAM

and PEACE WRIT LARGE

RPP Lesson Three


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Quantity or quality of analysis made littledifference to effectiveness of programming

Failure to link program strategy to key drivingfactors of conflict is a major threshold reasonfor lack of impact on peace writ large

RPP Lesson Three


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Theory of change = assumptions about:

How achieving our goals will contribute to

Peace Writ Large (and address the driving

factors of conflict) How and why the activities will lead to

achievement of program goals

Theories of change are often implicit, not well-thought out, unexamined, or inappropriate

Goals are too vague, grandiose, general

(coexistence, tolerance, multi-ethnicity) or

too s ecific activities

Theories of Change


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It is no t su ff ic ient

to have impact at the

ind ividual-personal level

RPP Lesson Four


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Peace programs that focus on change

at the individual-personal level, and donot link those efforts to change at the

socio-political level

will have no discernible impacton peace Mary Anderson

RPP Lesson Four


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Individual-

Personal

Change

Healing/recoveryPerceptions

Attitudes

Skills

Knowledge

Behavior

Individual relationships

Socio-political

Change

Group behavior/relationships

Public opinion

Social norms

Institutional change

Structural + Cultural Change

Types of Change


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More people work

must engage key people

and vice versa

RPP Lesson Five


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Approaches to who should be engaged for peace:

More People Key People

Peace needssupport andparticipationof the people

Peace cannotbe achievedwithoutinvolvementof certainpeople

important tothe peaceprocess

RPP Lesson Five


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THE RPP MATRIX:

A tool for analyzing program strategies

More people Key people

Individual/Personal

Change

Socio-

Political

Change

Key people = Both

Positive and Negative

Conflict Analysis: Driving Factors

Peace Writ Large: Vision


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Biases of programs:

Engage with the easy to reach (women,

youth, etc.)

Non-political, willing to cooperate, those lesscommitted to fighting)

Doing good vs. stopping bad(e.g.,

participatory community development,

democratic governance, interethnic dialogue,etc.)

Building positive pre-conditions for peace

Do not deal with d namics and eo le that

RPP Lesson Six


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It is poss ible to

assess impacts on

Peace Wr it Large

RPP Lesson Seven


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It is possible to assess impacts basedon:

Good conflict analysis

Well-articulated and tested theory of

change

Well-defined goals (at socio-politicallevel)

RPP Lesson Seven


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1) What factors must need to be changed?

2) What do I have and what can I do?

3) Who can do what I cannot to bring about the desired

change?

Why is it that sometimes when good programs are introducedinto a conflict situation, things started getting worse ornothing

seems to change?

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Three Key Questions for

Systemic Change


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More People

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More people approaches:

Aim at engaging large numbers of people in actions topromote peace.

Practitioners who take this approach believe that peace will

be achieved if many people become active in the process.

Where is your entry

point or theory of

change? Why do you

do what you do?

The RPP Matrix


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Key People

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Key people approaches:Aim at people or groups whom without their involvement, no

real progress can be realized in transforming the conflict.

Based on the assumption that peace is only possible by

involving some key categories of people in the community:

Could be political leaders, warlords, or others necessary to a

peace agreement.

Entry Point


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The problem of corruption in X country.

How do we address this?

More people will say that we need to train more

police on the need for good policing to change

their behavior

Key people will say we just need to selectsome key people within the police force and train

them. Once the key people are changed the

whole system will be changed.8/5/2013 32

Example


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1. Individual Level

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Programs at this (individual/personal level) seek to change:

attitudes, values, perceptions or circumstances of individuals.

Based on the theory that peace is possible, if the hearts, minds

and behavior of individuals of people are changed.

Levels of Change


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2. Socio/political Level

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Programs that concentrate at the socio-political level seeks tochange:

Government policies, legislation, economic structures, ceasefire

agreements, constitutions, political processes, etc.

Social norms, group behaviors, and inter-group relationships.

These programs aim to support creation or reform of institutions

which address the grievances.

Levels of Change


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While change at individual level will focus on the

training of police to change their behaviors as a way

of eradicating corruption in the police;

The socio-political level will look beyond justbehavioral change to:

Police condition of service

X constitution as it relates to police

Police code of conduct and perceptions and behaviors ofcitizens/groups towards the police.

Other welfare packages.

Corruption in the country.

etc8/5/2013 35

Example

Th I t f Li k


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1 2

3 4


Individual Level

Socio-Political

Level

Programs which begin and ends within any one quadrant of the matrix are

arguably not enough to build momentum for significant change.

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The Importance of Linkages:

Does it all add up?


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Individual Level

Socio-Political

Level

This addresses the questions of how achievements add up to

Peace Writ Large? 37

1) Individuals are trained 2) Key leaders consulted

3) Create community of

peace actors

4) Peace agreement made

5) Constitutional issuesaddressed.

8/5/2013

Example of programs linkages


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Thank you for the

important peacework that you do!

Any questions?

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MCC Peacebuilding and RPP presentation Cambodia.ppt

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