McClella OT 0620 1U - Dyslexic.com

MathTalk™

for Scientific Notebook®

using

Dragon

NaturallySpeaking®

VOICE MATHEMATICS

Pre-algebra, Algebra, Trig, Calculus

Statistics, Graphing, etc.

Metroplex Voice Computing, Inc.

www.mathtalk.com •[email protected]

Fax 817.719.9207

1116

MATHTALK FOR DRAGON NATURALLYSPEAKING TABLE OF CONTENTS

Topic Page

I. Tutorial

Welcome to MathTalk 1 Helpful Definitions 1 Getting Started 2 MathTalk for Pre-Algebra 2 MathTalk Pre-Algebra Examples 3 MathTalk for Algebra 5 MathTalk Algebra Examples 6 MathTalk for Trig 9 MathTalk Trig Examples 10 MathTalk for Calculus 13 MathTalk Calculus Examples 14 MathTalk for Statistics 18 MathTalk Statistics Examples 19 MathTalk Tutorial 21

Rules for Voicing Commands 21 Improve Your Recognition Rate 21 Rules for Correcting 22 Editing Commands 22 Can’t Remember What to Say? 23 Using the International Alphabet & Greek Alphabet 23 Derivative Commands, Differential, Delta Commands 23 International Alphabet 24 Greek Alphabet 24 Sentence Commands 25 Types of Math Commands 25 Letter & Number Commands 26 Opening, Closing and Saving Files 28 About Voicing Commands in Dialog Boxes, Toolbars 29 Voicing Math Symbols 29 Voicing or Typing Text 29 Mouse Grid 29 Replacing a Letter or Symbol 29 Replace Text Command 30 Display Equation, Number Equation, Align Here 30 Next Line and Enter Key Commands 31 Move Out Command 31 Type Face Commands 31 Example 1: One Liners 32

Topic Page Letters and Numbers 33 The <Number 1-99><Letter><GreekLetter> Commands 33 Cap Commands 34 Exponents, Superscripts, and Subscripts Commands 34 Root “of” Commands 34 Pre-Algebra Examples 35 Trigonometry Commands 35 The “Parentheses” Commands 36 Function <Letter> Command 37 The “Over” Commands 37 Decor Commands 38 Factorial Commands 38 <Letter> Square Plus or Minus Commands 38 <Letter> Plus Delta <Letter> Commands 39 Derivative Commands 39 Higher Order Derivative Commands 39 Partial Derivative Commands 39 Differential Commands 40 Integral Commands 40 Limits < > to < > 40 Sum or Summation Commands 41 Union, Intersection, Product, Vertical Bar Commands 41 Matrix and Determinant Commands 41 Type Commands 42 Examples Integrals, Limits, Bars, Hats, Parentheses, Derivatives, Differentials 42 Example 2: Algebra, Trig, Calculus, Matrices 43 Example 3: Text Mode, Connecting Words, Quadratic Formula 44 Example 3: Using /Not Using Display Equation 45 More on Text Mode/MathMode 48 Example 4: Solving Problems Using the Compute Mode 49 Example 5: Graphing By Voice 54 Setting the Range 54 Graphing Defined Functions 54 Plotting Data and Curve Fitting 60 Fitting and Graphing a Regression Line 65 Saving, Print Preview and Printing 67 Inserting Value in a Formula 67 Statistical Module 69 Example 6: Z-Statistic and p-values 69 Distributions 71

Topic Page Example 7: Binomial 73 Example 8: t-Statistic 74 Example 9: Finding Percentiles 74 Example 10: Confidence Intervals 75 Translating Math into Braille 76 II. HELP DOCUMENTS

MathTalk Learning Module 1 To View…You Say 2 Replace a Letter or Symbol 3 Tutorial Search 4 List of Sentence Commands 6 Variable Lists 12 Type Commands List 17 Trig Commands 18 Statistics Commands 19 New Commands for ScientificNotebook 5.5 23 Accessing Manual by Voice 24 Trouble Shooting in MathTalk 25 Technical Support 26

III. THE PICTIONARY

(C) (R) (TM) – NMM, MMG, MacKichian Software, Inc., Duxbury Systems, Inc., Nuance, Inc., Metroplex Voice Computing, Inc. Any justification irregularities are due to the software in which the manual was written.

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TUTORIAL

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Welcome to MathTalkTM/ScientificNotebookTM

FOR Dragon NaturallySpeaking® Versions 12 !

MathTalk/ScientificNotebook allows you to “voice” mathematical symbols and equationsof virtually any type, shape or form.

It contains even more sentence commands with variables which enables the User to voicemath even faster. For example, just say “3 x-ray minus 2” to get 3x ! 2 or “2 yankee squareplus 10” to get 2y2 ! 10 or “5 alpha over 7 bravo” to get 5a

7b .Moreover, it is designed so that the keyboard, mouse, and voice can be used

interactively. The user can move back and forth at will between these mediums, employingthe tool that accomplishes the job at hand most easily.

The capabilities of this program may seem quite varied. The user need only use thepart that applies to the task at hand. If the user is voicing pre-algebra, then the userneed only use the program for that purpose. The same goes for algebra, calculus,statistics, etc. Again, use this as a tool to accomplish the task!

To use MathTalk/ScientificNotebook, you will need Dragon NaturallySpeaking ®(DNS ) version 12. 0 +. MathTalk/ScientificNotebook also requires Windows 7®or better.

The instructions and comments which follow will facilitate the use of MathTalk. TheInitial Training, and Training Modules are constructed to develop your understanding andvoice recognition to a comfort level that will make MathTalk quite easy to use. You willsoon find that "talking" equations is much easier than typing them.

HELPFUL DEFINITIONS:Pictionary -a list of the names of stand alone commands and the actions they

accomplish.Tutorial - examples and explanations of use of commands.Sentence Commands - allows the user to voice more than one expression at a time. An

example of this would be to say “square root of twenty”. This particular command allowsyou to say any root (from square to ninth) of any number (1 through 20) or of any letter (athrough z, including caps) or any greek letter (including caps)!

Variable List - list of variables for use in Sentence Commands.Training Modules - training for Pre-Algebra, Algebra, Calculus, Trig, Statistics.

The program contains the following learning assistance items:1. Manual /Tutorial2. Pictionary3. Learning Assistance Module which is comprised of

a. Video demonstrations on the MathTalk CD video demo including:“Quick Reference Laminate”“Training MathTalk”

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“Adding Text to MathTalk” (also refer to Voicing or Typing Text in Table of Contents)b. Direct online access to available Sentence Commands, Variable Lists, stand alone

commands in Pictionary, Manual/Tutorial search.4. Recommended training for Pre-Algebra, Algebra, Trig, Calculus, and Statistics.5. Find two QUICK REFERENCE laminates containing the International and Greek

Alphabets, and as well as, a list of often used sentence commands, with examples,( Say "sample commands" to view.) to make voicing math even faster!! LearningAssistance Module is available by a single voice command. Just say “mathtalklearning module” at anytime for a list of commands to access video demos, lists ofsentence commands and their variables, stand alone commands in the Pictionary,and Training Modules.

With the system requirements met, the load instructions followed exactly, and thetraining/dictation techniques followed, you will be awed by this powerful tool!

Remark: It is very important to save your speech file after each sessions or maybeeven several times a session. You may do this by clicking “save user files” in theDragonBar, NaturallySpeaking.

GETTING STARTED

It as is understood that you have followed the installation instructions EXACTLY such thatyou may proceed as follows:1. From the Desktop say “start mathtalk” or “start shortcut to mathtalk” as per the

Load Instructions which will bring up ScientificNotebook.2. Follow the directions in “Before You Begin to Use MathTalk”, including saying

“train initial commands” to train the commands listed and then “train alphabet” totrain the International Alphabet. Using the International Alphabet is REQUIRED!

Interested Users may also say “train greek”.Find included a laminated sheet of the International and Greek alphabet.

3. Each MathTalk Training Module is discussed in the following topics. Select aTraining Module and follow the directions.

4. When ready to create your own math, you may say “new file” and then “ok” to opena new document.

5. Be sure to say “next line” to move the cursor to a new line when voicingmathematics.

MATHTALK FOR PRE-ALGEBRA(c)

If your use of MathTalk is Pre-Algebra, we recommend the following steps.1. Begin with:

a. Watch some of the examples on the Demo CD video. These will help youlearn to talk to MathTalk. We RECOMMEND this step!

b. Study “Rules for Correcting” – see listing in Table of Contents, Tutorial.This is equally as important. The user must convey to the computer if there is a

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misrecognition – otherwise, the computer will not know!c. Study “Voicing or typing Text” – see listing in Table of Contents, Tutorial.d. Study “next line and enter key commands” by saying “next line command”.e. Review Trouble Shooting by saying “trouble shooting”.

2. NEXTa. Study the MathTalk PreAlgebra Examples immediately following # 6.b. Review variables that apply to the examples that follow. In the following

examples, the command to access these lists will be given at theappropriate time.

This includes the International Alphabet which is accessed by saying“international alphabet” and “sample commands” .

3. Study these topics which appear in the following paragraphs (You may referto the Table of Contents).Rules for Voicing CommandsImprove Your Recognition RateRules for Correcting

4. Complete the Pre-Algebra Training Module. Instructions will be at the top of thepage. To access this training, say “prealgebra training”. Be sure to say“exit training” upon completion (This is also stated on the training document.)so as to NOT save the document.This training will help the user:

a. Find their dictation rhythm for MathTalk.b. Learn to pause between commands (i.e. wait until the command

executes the keystrokes) before saying the next command.c. Learn to formulate what to say BEFORE saying it!d. Learn commands that are common throughout MathTalk.

5. You may choose to NOT read the remainder of the manual! Seriously, thereis no need for the user to learn all the MathTalk commands! The user needutilize only the commands necessary to accomplish the task!

6. At any time say “mathtalk learning module” to access all help commands.

MathTalk PreAlgebra Examples(c)

Number examples:Say: “twenty-five”, “comma”, “fifteen”, “comma”, “sixty-eight”, “comma”,“8”, “hundred”Get: 25, 15, 68, 800Note you cay say:Any number 1-99, hundred, and zero. (Sometimes you may need to say “mathmode” before you say the numbers for the numbers to appear in red.)

3

Fraction examples:Say: “4 over 5”, “comma”, “alpha over bravo”, “comma”, “9 over charlie”,“comma”, “hotel over 3”, “comma”, “twenty- five over sixty- five”,“comma”, “cap alpha over thirty-five”Get: 4

5 , ab , 9

c , h3 , 25

65 , A35

Note that you may say:1. Any number from 1-99 over any number 1-99.2. Any number from 1-99 over any letter. The Letter Variable List contains letters

of the alphabet and cap letters of the alphabet. It is necessary to use theInternational Alphabet to speak letters. Review the International Alphabet. Say“international alphabet”. Then view the Cap Letter List by saying “capletter list”.

3. Any letter over any letter.4. Any letter over any number 1-99.

Plus and Minus examples:Say: “plus 5”, “comma”, “minus 8”, “comma”, “plus x-ray”, “comma”, “minusyankee”, “comma”, “plus one fourth”, “comma”, “minus one third”Get: !5,!8,!x,!y,! 1

4 ,! 13

Note that you may say:1. Plus any number from 0-20 (includes other variables). Review Numbers Variable

List by saying “numbers list”.2. Minus any number from 0-20 (includes other variables).3. Plus any letter. Review International Alphabet.4. Minus any letter.

Number/Letter Number/Letter examples:Say: “3 x-ray”, “comma”, “4 yankee”, “comma”, “thirty-five alpha”,“comma”, “fifteen cap romeo”, “comma”, “x-ray yankee”Get: 3x, 4y, 35a, 15R,xyNote that you may say:1. Any number 1-99 and any letter.2. Any letter and any letter.

Square/Cube examples:Say: “alpha cubed”, “comma”, “yankee squared”, “comma”, “x-raycubed”, “comma”, “cap hotel squared”Get: a3,y2,x3,H2

Note that you may say:Any letter squared/cubed. (Includes “cap letter”.)

Square/Cube Root examples:Say: “square root of twenty”, “comma”, “square root of charlie”,“comma”, “cube root”, “fifteen”, “move out”, “comma”, “cube rootof one third”, “comma”, “ninth root of 8”Get: 20 , c , 3 15 , 3

13 , 9 8

4

Note that you may say:1. Square root of any number 0-20 (includes other variables). Review

Numbers Variable List by saying “numbers list”.2. Square root of any letter.3. Cube root of any number 0-20 (includes other variables).4. Cube root of any letter.5. Square root of any letter. Includes “cap letter”.6. Any root, square thru ninth, of numbers 0-20 (includes other variables).

If the user wishes additional information, saying “mathtalk learningmodule” gives the user learning access help.Recommended:a. Review Sentence Commands and Variables Lists. In viewing these, you

will see that you have already been using Sentence Commands andVariable Lists when you completed the training module as discussed innumber 4 above! To view Sentence Commands with examples, say“show sentence commands”. To view Variable Lists, say “variable menu” and“sample commands”.

b. View the Pictionary by saying “pictionary search” to bring up the Pictionary menu.c. Additional Pre-Algebra examples are in the Manual/Tutorial. See Table of Contents.d. You may choose do the Training Module again.

MATHTALK FOR ALGEBRA(c)

If your use of MathTalk is Algebra, we recommend the following steps.1. Begin with:

a.Watch some of the examples on the Demo CD video. These will help you learn to talk to MathTalk. We RECOMMEND this step! b. Study “Rules for Correcting” – see listing in Table of Contents, Tutorial. This is

equally as important. The user must convey to the computer if there is amisrecognition – otherwise, the computer will not know!

c. Study “Voicing or Typing Text” – see listing in Table of Contents, Tutorial.d. Study “next line and enter key commands” by saying “next line command”.e. Review Trouble Shooting by saying “trouble shooting”.

2. NEXTa. Study the MathTalk Algebra Examples immediately following # 6.b. Review variables that apply to the examples that follow. In the

following examples, the command to access these lists will be givenat the appropriate time.

This includes the International Alphabet which is accessed by saying“international alphabet” and “sample commands”.

3. Study these topics which appear in the following paragraphs (You may refer

5

to the Table of Contents).Rules for Voicing CommandsImprove Your Recognition RateRules for Correcting

4. Complete the Algebra Training Module. Instructions will be at the top of thepage. To access this training, say “train algebra”. Be sure to say “exittraining” upon completion (This is also stated on the training document.) soas to NOT save the document.This training will help the user:



5. You may choose to NOT read the remainder of the manual! Seriously, thereis no need for the user to learn all the MathTalk commands! The user needutilize only the commands necessary to accomplish the task!


MathTalk Algebra Examples(c)

Number examples:Say: “twenty-five”, “comma”, “fifteen”, “comma”, “sixty-eight”, “comma”,“8”, “hundred”Get: 25, 15, 68, 800Note you cay say:Any number 1-99, hundred, and zero. (Sometimes you may need to say “math mode”before you say the numbers for the numbers to appear in red.)

Fraction examples:Say: “4 over 5”, “comma”, “alpha over bravo”, “comma”, “9 over charlie”,“comma”, “hotel over 3”, “comma”, “twenty- five over sixty- five”, “comma”,“cap alpha over thirty-five”Get: 4

5 , ab , 9

c , h3 , 25

65 , A35

Note that you may say:1. Any number from 1-99 over any number 1-99.2. Any number from 1-99 over any letter. The Letter Variable List contains letters of the

alphabet and cap letters of the alphabet. It is necessary to use the InternationalAlphabet to speak letters. Review the International Alphabet. Say “internationalalphabet”. Then view the Cap Letter List by saying “cap letter list”.


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Plus and Minus examples:Say: “plus 5”, “comma”. “minus 8”, “comma”, “plus x-ray”, “comma”, “minusyankee”, “comma”, “plus one fourth”, “comma”, “minus one third”Get: !5,!8,!x,!y,! 1

4 ,! 13

Note that you may say:1. Plus any number from 0-20 (includes other variables). Review Plus Numbers Variable

List by saying “plus numbers list”.2. Minus any number from 0-20 (includes other variables). Review Minus Numbers

Variable list by saying “minus numbers list”.3. Plus any letter. Review International Alphabet.4. Minus any letter.

Number/Letter Number/Letter examples:Say: “3 x-ray”, “comma”, “4 yankee”, “comma”, “thirty-five alpha”, “comma”,“fifteen cap romeo”, “comma”, “x-ray yankee”Get: 3x, 4y, 35a, 15R,xyNote that you may say:1. Any number 1-99 and any letter.2. Any letter and any letter.

Square/Cube examples:Say: “alpha cubed”, “comma”, “yankee squared”, “comma”, “x-ray cubed”,“comma”, “cap hotel squared”Get: a3,y2,x3,H2


Square/Cube Root examples:Say: “square root of twenty”, “comma”, “square root of charlie”, “comma”,“cube root”, “fifteen”, “move out”, “comma”, “cube root of one third”,“comma”, “ninth root of 8”Get: 20 , c , 3 15 , 3

13 , 9 8

Note that you may say:1. Square root of any number 0-20 (includes other variables). Review Numbers

Variable List by saying “numbers list”.2. Square root of any letter.3. Cube root of any number 0-20.4. Cube root of any letter.5. Square root of any letter. Includes “cap letter”.6. Any root, square through ninth, of numbers 0-20.

Exponent examples:Say: “alpha”, “exponent x-ray”, “alpha”, “exponent yankee”, “comma”,“x-ray”, “exponent minus 4”, “comma”, “echo”, “exponent minus pi over 2”,“comma”, “cap victor”, “exponent”, “parens”, “x-ray square plusyankee square”, “sine theta”, “end exponent”

7

Get: axay,x!4,e! !2 ,V x2!y2 sin"

Note that you may say:(Say “exponent sentence commands” to view all available exponent commands.):1. exponent any letter. Includes cap letter.2. exponent any minus letter. Includes cap letter and Greek letter.3. exponent greek letter4. exponent any number 0-20 (includes other variables). To view Numbers List

say “numbers list”.5. exponent minus numbers 1-9. To view Minus Numbers List, say “minus

numbers list”.6. exponent any number 1-99 & any Greek letter7. exponent any number 1-99 & any letter

Subscript examples:Say : “alpha”, “sub 2”, “comma”, “bravo”, “sub india”, “comma”, “charlie”, “subone one”, “comma”, “x-ray”, “sub alpha charlie”, “comma”, “ yankee”, “subalpha minus 1”, “comma”, “echo”, “sub bravo plus 5”,“comma”, “log”, “subscript”,“one half”, “move out”Get: a2,bi,c11,xac,ya!1,eb!5, log 1

2

Note that you may say:(Say “sub sentence commands” to view all available sub commands.)1. sub any number 1-9.2. sub any number 1-9 and any number 1-9.3. sub any letter4. sub any letter and any letter5. sub any letter plus/minus any number 1-9.

If the user wishes additional information, saying “mathtalk learning module”gives the user learning access help.Recommended:a. Review Sentence Commands and Variables Lists. In viewing these, you will

see that you have already been using Sentence Commands and Variable Listswhen you completed the training module as discussed in number 4 above! Toview Sentence Commands with examples, say “show sentence commands”.To view Variable Lists, say “variable menu” and “sample commands”.

b. View the Pictionary by saying “pictionary search” to bring up the Pictionary menu.c. You may choose do the training module again.

8

MATHTALK FOR TRIG(c)

If your use of MathTalk is Trig, we recommend the following steps.1 Begin with:


equally as important. The user must convey to the computer if there is amisrecognition otherwise, the computer will not know!


2. NEXTa. Study the MathTalk Trig Examples immediately following # 6.b. Review variables that apply to the examples that follow. In the following


This includes the International Alphabet which is accessed by saying“international alphabet” and “sample commands”.c. Say “trig list” to review a list of available trig commands.


4. Complete the Trig Training Module. Instructions will be at the top of the page.To access this training, say “train trig”. Be sure to say “exit training”upon completion (This is also stated on the training document.) so as to NOTsave the document.This training will help the user:

a. Find their dictation rhythm for MathTalk.b. Learn to pause between commands (i.e. wait until the command executes

the keystrokes) before saying the next command.c. Learn to formulate what to say BEFORE saying it!d. Learn commands that are common throughout MathTalk.

5. You may choose to NOT read the remainder of the manual! Seriously, there isno need for the user to learn all the MathTalk commands! The user need utilizeonly the commands necessary to accomplish the task!


9

MathTalk Trig Examples(c)



5 , ab , 9

c , h3 , 25

65 , A35





4 ,! 13




Number/Letter Number/Letter examples:Say: “3 x-ray”, “comma”, “4 yankee”, “comma”, “thirty-five alpha”, “comma”,“fifteen cap romeo”, “comma”, “x-ray yankee”, “comma”, “ 2 cap zulu”Get: 3x, 4y, 35a, 15R,xy, 2ZNote that you may say:1. Any number 1-99 and any letter.2. Any letter and any letter.

Parentheses examples:Say: “parens hotel”, “parentheses cap fee”, “parentheses minus 9”,

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“parentheses alpha bravo”, “parentheses 1”, “parentheses one one”Get: !h" !!" !!9" !a,b" !1" !1, 1"!Z"Note that you may say:1. parentheses any letter (includes cap letter).2. parentheses any Greek letter (includes cap Greek letter).3. parentheses minus any letter.4. parentheses any number.5. parentheses minus any number.Say “parentheses sentence commands” to view many more examples.

Square/Cube examples:Say: “alpha cubed”, “comma”, “yankee squared”, “comma”, “x-raycubed”, “comma”, “cap hotel squared”Get: a3,y2,x3,H2


Square/Cube Root examples:Say: “square root of twenty”, “comma”, “square root of charlie”,“comma”, “cube root”, “fifteen”, “move out”, “comma”, “cube rootof one third”, “comma”, “ninth root of 8”Get: 20 , c , 3 15 , 3

13 , 9 8

Note that you may say:1. Square root of any number 0-20 (includes other variables). Review

Numbers Variable List by saying “numbers list”.2. Square root of any letter.3. Cube root of any number 0-20.4. Cube root of any letter.5. Square root of any letter. Includes “cap letter”.6. Any root, square through ninth, of numbers 0-20.

Exponent examples:Say: “alpha”, “exponent x-ray”, “alpha”, “exponent yankee”, “comma”,“x-ray”, “exponent minus 4”, “comma”, “echo”, “exponent minus pi over 2”,“comma”, “cap victor”, “exponent”, “parentheses”, “x-ray square plusyankee square”, “sine theta”, “end exponent”Get: axay,x!4,e! !

2 ,V x2!y2 sin"



11


Subscript examples:Say : “alpha”, “sub 2”, “comma”, “bravo”, “sub india”, “comma”, “charlie”, “subone one”, “comma”, “x-ray”, “sub alpha charlie”, “comma”, “ yankee”, “subalpha minus 1”, “comma”, “echo”, “sub bravo plus 5”,“comma”, “log”,“subscript”, “one half”, “move out”Get: a2,bi,c11,xac,ya!1,eb!5, log 1

2


Trig Function examples:Says: “sine squared x-ray”, “comma”,“cosecant squared theta”, “comma”,“hyperbolic cotangent lambda”, “comma”, “inverse sine theta”Get: sin2x, csc2", coth#, sin!1"Note that you may say:1. any trig function and any letter2. any trig functionSay “trig list”, “numarg list”, and “argument list” for variable lists. Review TrigSentence commands by saying “trig sentence commands”.

Over command example:Say: “3 over 4”, “sixty-five over seventy-nine”, “3 pi over 4”, “pi over 6”Get: 3

46579

3!4

!6

Note that you may say:1. any number 1-99 over any letter (includes cap letters).2. any number 1-99 over any Greek letter (includes cap Greek letters).3. any number 1-99 over any number 1-99.(Say “numbers list” to view another variable list.)

If the user wishes additional information, saying “mathtalk learning module” givesthe user learning access help.

Recommended:a. Review Sentence Commands and Variables Lists. In viewing these, you will see

that you have already been using Sentence Commands and Variable Lists whenyou completed the training module as discussed in number 4 above! To viewSentence Commands with examples, say “show sentence commands”. Toview Variable Lists, say “variable menu” and “sample commands”.

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b. View the Pictionary by saying “pictionary search” to bring up thePictionary menu.

c. You may choose do the Training Module again.

MATHTALK FOR CALCULUS(c)

If your use of MathTalk is Calculus, we recommend the following steps.1. Begin with:


equally as important. The user must convey to the computer if there is amisrecognition otherwise, the computer will not know!


2. NEXTa. Study the MathTalk Calculus Examples immediately following # 6.b. Review variables that apply to the examples that follow. In the following

examples, the command to access these lists will be given at theappropriate time. This includes the International Alphabet which isaccessed by saying “international alphabet” and “sample commands”.


4. Complete the Calculus Training Module. Instructions will be at the top ofthe page. To access this training, say “train calculus”. Be sure to say“exit training” upon completion (This is also stated on the trainingdocument.) so as to NOT save the document.This training will help the user:



5. You may choose to NOT read the remainder of the manual! Seriously,there is no need for the user to learn all the MathTalk commands! Theuser need utilize only the commands necessary to accomplish the task!


13

MathTalk Calculus Examples(c)



5 , ab , 9

c , h3 , 25

65 , A35





4 ,! 13





Square/Cube examples:Say: “alpha cubed”, “comma”, “yankee squared”, “comma”, “x-ray cubed”,

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“comma”, “cap hotel squared”Get: a3,y2,x3,H2


Square/Cube Root examples:Say: “square root of twenty”, “comma”, “square root of charlie”, “comma”,“cube root”, “fifteen”, “move out”, “comma”, “cube root of one third”,“comma”, “ninth root of 8”Get: 20 , c , 3 15 , 3

13 , 9 8

Note that you may say:1. Square root of any number 0-20 (includes other variables). Review Numbers

Variable List by saying “numbers list”.2. Square root of any letter.3. Cube root of any number 0-20.4. Cube root of any letter.5. Square root of any letter. Includes “cap letter”.6. Any root, square through ninth, of numbers 0-20.


2 ,V x2!y2 sin"

Note that you may say:(Say “exponent sentence commands” to view all available exponent commands.):1. exponent any letter. Includes cap letter.2. exponent any minus letter. Includes cap letter and Greek letter.3. exponent greek letter.4. exponent any number 0-20 (includes other variables). To view Numbers List


numbers list”.6. exponent any number 1-99 & any Greek letter.7. exponent any number 1-99 & any letter.

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Subscript examples:Say : “alpha”, “sub 2”, “comma”, “bravo”, “sub india”, “comma”,“charlie”, “sub one one”, “comma”, “x-ray”, “sub alpha charlie”, “comma”,“ yankee”, “sub alpha minus 1”, “comma”, “echo”, “sub bravo plus 5”,“comma”, “log”, “subscript”, “one half”, “move out”.Get: a2,bi,c11,xac,ya!1,eb!5, log 1

2


Plus Delta examples:Say: “x-ray plus delta x-ray”, “comma”, “cap november plus deltacap november ”Get: x ! "x,N ! "NNote that you may say any letter plus delta letter (includes cap letter).

Derivative examples:Say: “derivative with respect to x-ray, derivative with respect totango”, “delta cap foxtrot delta x-ray, delta romeo delta theta ”Get: d

dxddt

dFdx

drd"

Note that you may say:1. d any letter and d any letter.2. d any letter and d any Greek letter (includes cap letter). Review Greek

Letter List by saying “greek letter list”. Say “derivative sentencecommands” to view more examples.

Higher Order Derivative examples:Say: “second derivative of yankee with respect to x-ray”, “fourthderivative of romeo with respect to theta”Get: d2y

dx2d4rd"4

Note that you can say:Say “higher order list” to view all available Higher Order commands.) Say“higher order sentence commands” to view more examples.1. 2nd thru 9th derivative of any letter with respect to any letter (includes

cap letter).2. 2nd thru 9th derivative of any letter with respect to any Greek letter

(includes cap Greek letter).

Partial Derivative examples:Say: “mixed partial of foxtrot with respect to romeo and theta”, “secondpartial of x-ray with respect to whiskey”

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Get: "2f"r""

"2x"w2

Note that you may say:Say “partial sentence commands” and “second partial sentencecommands” to view more examples.

Limit examples:Say: “limit at hotel goes to zero”, “tab key”, “limit”, “cap greek delta”,“theta goes to zero”, “move out”, “tab key”, “limit as alpha goes to 3”Get:

h#0lim

""#0lim

a#3lim

Note that you may say:1. limit as any letter goes to any number 0-20 (say “numbers list” to view

other variables).2. limit as any letter goes to any letter (includes cap letter).3. limit as any Greek letter goes to any number 0-20.4. limit as delta any letter goes to zero.5. limit as delta any Greek letter goes to zero.Say “sentence limit commands” to view more examples.

Parentheses examples:Say: “parentheses hotel”, “parentheses cap fee”, “parenthesesminus 9”, “parentheses alpha bravo”Get: !h"!!"!!9"!a,b"Note that you may say:1. parentheses any letter (includes cap letter).2. parentheses any Greek letter (includes cap Greek letter).3. parentheses minus any letter.4. parentheses any number.5. parentheses minus any number.Say “parentheses sentence commands” to view many more examples.

Integral examples:Say: “ integral with joint scripts”, “limits zero to 2 pi”, “integral with limits”,“limits minus one fourth to infinity”, “integral with lower limit”, “minus 5”,“move out”

Get: #0

2! #! 1

4

$

#!5

Note that you may say:To view variable lists, say “ numbers list”, “minus numbers list”, “letter list”,“minus letter list”, “greek letter list”, “sample commands”.1. integral with joint scripts2. integral with limits3. integral with lower limit4. integral with over limits5. integral with subscriptSay “limits sentence commands” to view many more examples.

17

Sum examples:Say: “sum with joint scripts”, “india”, “equals”, “limits 1 to november”,“sum with limits” ,“limits zero to infinity”Get: %i$1

n %0

$

Note that you may say:To view variable lists, say “ numbers list”, “minus numbers list”,“letter list”, “minus letter list”, “greek letter list”.1. sum with joint scripts2. sum with limits3. sum with lower limit4. sum with subscript* To see a list of stand alone sum commands with no variables, say “go tosummation commands”.

If the user wishes additional information, saying “mathtalk learning module”gives the user learning access help.Recommended:a. Review Sentence Commands and Variables Lists. In viewing these, you

will see that you have already been using Sentence Commands andVariable Lists when you completed the training module as discussed innumber 4 above! To view Sentence Commands with examples, say“show sentence commands”. to view Variable Lists, say “variable menu” and “sample commands”.

b. View the Pictionary by saying “pictionary search” to bring up thePictionary menu.

c. You may choose do the training module again.

MATHTALK FOR STATISTICS(c)

If your use of MathTalk is Statistics, we recommend the following steps.1. Begin with:

a. Watch some of the examples on the Demo CD video. These will help you learn to talk to MathTalk. We RECOMMEND this step! b. Study “Rules for Correcting” – see listing in Table of Contents, Tutorial. This is

equally as important. The user must convey to the computer if there is amisrecognition – otherwise, the computer will not know!


2. NEXTa. Study the MathTalk Statistics Examples immediately following # 6.b. Review variables that apply to the examples that follow. In the following

18


This includes the International Alphabet which is accessed by saying“international alphabet” and “sample commands”.

3. Study these topics which appear in the following paragraphs (You may refer tothe Table of Contents).Rules for Voicing CommandsImprove Your Recognition RateRules for Correcting

4. Complete the Statistics Training Module. Instructions will be at the top of thepage. to access this training, say “train statistics”. Be sure to say “exittraining” upon completion (This is also stated on the training document.) soas to NOT save the document.This training will help the user:



5. Study the Statistics Section of the Manual\Tutorial. See the Table ofContents.

6. You may choose to NOT read the remainder of the manual! Seriously,there is no need for the user to learn all the MathTalk commands! The userneed utilize only the commands necessary to accomplish the task!


MathTalk Statistics Examples(c)

Number examples:Say: “twenty-five”, “comma”, “fifteen”, “comma”, “sixty-eight”, “comma”,“8”, “hundred”Get: 25, 15, 68, 800Note you cay say:Any number 1-99, hundred, and zero. (Sometimes you may need to say “math mode”before you say the numbers for the numbers to appear in red.)

Letter examples:Say: “alpha”, “equals minus 2”, “comma”, “theta”, “equals”, “1 over 6”Get: a $ !2," $ 1

6Note that you may say any letter using the International Alphabet. To review theInternational Alphabet, say “international alphabet’ (includes cap letter). Review theGreek Letter List by saying “greek letter list” (includes cap Greek letter).

19

Fraction examples:Say: “4 over 5”, “comma”, “alpha over bravo”, “comma”, “9 over charlie”,“comma”, “hotel over 3”, “comma”, “twenty- five over sixty- five”, “comma”,“cap alpha over thirty-five”Get: 4

5 , ab , 9

c , h3 , 25

65 , A35





4 ,! 13






2 ,V x2!y2 sin"


20



If the user wishes additional information, saying “mathtalk learning module” givesthe user learning access help.Recommended:a. Review Sentence Commands and Variables Lists. In viewing these, you will see

that you have already been using Sentence Commands and Variable Lists whenyou completed the training module as discussed in number 4 above! To viewSentence Commands with examples, say “show sentence commands”. Toview Variable Lists, say “variable menu” and “sample commands”.

b. View the Pictionary by saying “pictionary search” to bring up the Pictionary menu.c. You may choose do the training module again.

MATHTALK TUTORIALRULES FOR VOICING COMMANDSAll commands must be preceded by a pause and followed by a pause. This is truefor voicing any commands in NaturallySpeaking!Speak distinctly and slowly. Speak each syllable of each and every word!Do not pause between words when speaking a command.Wait until the command executes before continuing.

IMPROVE YOUR RECOGNITION RATEYou can greatly increase your speech recognition rate by adhering to the followingsuggestions:

1. Watch some of the examples on the Demo CD video.

2. It is important to position your microphone correctly. Place the microphoneat least 1 inch from the corner of the mouth. For a voice with much volume,you may need to move the microphone further away.

3. Distinguish small differences by emphasizing them. Thus, to distinguishbetween “limits zero to pi” and “limits zero to two pi”, emphasize the“two” as you say the phrase. Similarly, to distinguish between “mixedpartial of foxtrot with respect to x-ray and yankee”and “mixed partialof foxtrot with respect to yankee and x-ray”, emphasize the wordunderlined. With use, you will find what pitch and speed to use in pronunciationto obtain optimum speech recognition.

4. Finally, speak firmly at a steady pace, but pause between commands.

21

5. See the command executed on the screen before proceeding.

6. Save speech files often by saying “save user files” or click ‘save user files’.

RULES FOR CORRECTING

SPECIAL NOTE: After using any of the following correction methods, itmay be necessary to say “button click” to activate the MathTalk screen.If the wrong math command appears on the screen:

A. Erase the misrecognition using NaturallySpeaking commands such “deleteprevious 1/15 characters”.

B. Then repeat the command.C. If the misrecognition continues, erase the misrecognition as described above.

Then say “train command” which will bring up a train dialog box. In thisdialog box, say the command one word at a time. All commands in MathTalkare in lower case.1) With the correct command in the box, say “train”. Train the command and say

“done”. Then back in ScientificNotebook, say the command again.2) If voicing the command produces a misrecognition in this dialog box, say

“correct that”. With the Correction dialog box open, then type/spell thecommand. For example, you would type/spell “second partial of yankeewith respect to whiskey” (do not include the “ ”). Say “Click Train” totrain the command, say “Click Done” to return to the Correction dialog box,and then say “Choose 1” (assuming the correct command is in the numberone place). This is a standard correction technique for NaturallySpeaking.

3) It will be necessary to say “button click” to activate the MathTalk screen.

(NOTE: The Dragon command ”Scratch That” can delete the entire line!)

EDITING COMMANDSCopy

copy this, copy to beginning of line, copy to end of linePaste

paste this, paste thatDelete

backspace 1 to 20Example: say “backspace 8”

delete next 1 to 10 charactersExample: say “delete next 10 characters”

delete previous 1 to 10 charactersExample: say “delete previous 6 characters”

Movemove left/right/back/forward 1 to 20 characters/words

Example: say “move right 10 characters”move up/down 1 to 20 lines/paragraphs

Example: say “move up 2 lines”move to beginning of line: say “beginning of line”

22

move to end of line: say “end of line”Select

select next/previous 1 to 20 characters/wordsExample: say “select next 10 characters”

You can also say “erase line”, “erase to beginning of line”, “erase 2 lines”,“erase 3 lines”, and “delete rest of line”.

Can’t Remember What To Say?

If you can’t remember what to say, remember the “go to” commands to view stand alonecommands. For example, if you wish to view commands beginning with the letter “s”, say“go to sierra commands” which will take you into the Pictionary to the commands thatbegin with the letter “s”. Using the International Alphabet, say “go to and the lettercommands” to view commands beginning with that letter. Saying “pictionary search” willtake you to other “go to” commands for searches such as commands beginning with“integral” which would be accessed by saying “go to integral commands”.

Using the International Alphabet & Greek AlphabetWhen saying letters of the alphabet, i.e. a, b, c... , or A, B, C... , the International

Alphabet must be used. In fact, it is REQUIRED! Thus, to obtain abc, you would say“alpha, bravo, charlie”. Likewise, to obtain ABC, you would say “cap alpha, cap bravo,cap charlie”. Thus, for example, you cannot say “u square”–you must say “uniformsquare”.

For Greek letters, you simply say the Greek letter–with the exception of alpha, delta, nu,xi, eta, zeta, and fee. In the case of the first seven letters, precede them with the word“greek”, i.e., “greek alpha”, “greek delta”, “greek november”, “greek x”, “greek eta”,“greek zeta”. Also for phi, say “fee”. This is necessary, since alpha and delta areInternational Alphabet letters, nu and xi sound so much like mu and psi (command is “sigh”),and beta, eta and zeta sound too much like theta.

See the Quick Reference laminate or say “international alphabet” and “greekalphabet”. ALSO SEE NEXT PAGE !

In this regard be sure and read the section below entitled “Derivative Commands,Differential, and Delta Commands”.

Derivative Commands, Differential, and Delta CommandsYou must say “delta” to get a “d” and “cap greek delta” to get !. For example, say “delta

yankee delta x-ray”, “comma”, “delta yankee”, “comma”, “cap greek delta”, “yankee”,“comma”, “cap greek delta”, “x-ray” to get dy

dx , dy, !y, !x.

23

The International Alphabet is listed below.For ’Cap’ say ’cap letter’.a alpha j juliette s sierrab bravo k kilo t tangoc charlie l lima u uniformd delta m mike v victore echo n november w whiskeyf foxtrot o oscar x x-rayg golf p papa y yankeeh hotel q quebec z zului india r romeo

Greek Alphabet(* denotes exceptions to simply saying the Greek letter.)

CAP SAY CAP SAY

! *Greek Alpha (for Alpha)" Beta# Gamma

" cap Gamma$ * Greek Delta (for Delta)

! * cap Greek Delta (for cap Delta)% Epsilon

& *Greek Zeta (for Zeta)' * Greek Eta (for Eta)( Theta

# cap Theta) Iota* Kappa+ Lambda

$ cap Lambda, Mu

- * Greek november (for Nu)

. * Greek x-ray (for X)

% * cap Greek x-ray (for cap X)/ Pi

& cap Pi0 Rho1 Sigma

' cap Sigma2 Tau3 Upsilon

4 * fee (for Phi)! * cap fee (for cap Phi)

5 Chi

6 * sigh (for Psi)( * cap sigh (for cap Psi)

7 Omega) cap Omega

24

Sentence Commands

Sentence commands are really an entire set of commands. They have the form “xx *xx+,xx *xx+”, where the angles and x’s can be intermixed in anyway you like. For example thefirst sentence command is “*Alphabet+ derivative”. By saying “kilo derivative”, “limaderivative”, “mike derivative”, “november derivative”, and “sierra derivative”, this commandproduces dky

dxk, d lydxl

, dmydxm , dny

dxn , dsydxs . Similarly, the command “*Letter+ over *Letter+” allows

you to get ab , u

v , XY by saying “alpha over bravo”, “uniform over victor”, and “cap x-ray over

cap yankee”, i.e., any letter over any letter. See Quick Reference laminate for otherexamples.

Types of Math Commands

! Angle *Letter+ (English or Greek) Example: Say “angle x-ray” or “angletheta” to get !x, or !(.

! Angle *Letter+ with arc (English or Greek) Example: Say “angle x-ray witharc” to get "x.

! *Cap Letter+ Examples: Say “cap alpha”, “cap bravo” to get AB.

! *DigitsGroup+ Examples: “23. 459" , “. 00185" , “1. 3476" . Here you must say thedigits one at a time but you should not pause between them. That is say “2-3-point-4-5-9”,“point-zero-zero-1-8-5”, “1-point-3-4-7-6”. Do not pause between digits. Do pause at thecommas between the three numbers.

! Decorations (Decor) i.e. hats, bars and tildas! Derivatives

*Alphabet+ Example: dnydxn

*HigherOrder+ Examples: d3udv3 , d4x

d(4

derivative with respect to *Letter+ Examples: ddr , d

d+delta*Letter+ Examples:dy,dx,d(delta*Letter+delta*Letter+ Examples: dydx , dr

d(mixed partial of *Letter+... Examples: #2f

#x#y , #2u#x#( , #2R

#4#(

partial of...... Examples: #f#x , #F

#(partial with respect to... Examples: #

#x , ##+

second partial..... Examples: #2f#x2 , #2r

#(2

! Dialog boxes! Editing

Copy, and move Commandsdelete next/previous 1-10 charactersundo that*Move or Select+ *Direction+ *Number /1 to 40+

25

! Exponent commands (In exponent examples we assume that you have already said “echo” i.e.exponent is on “e”)

Exponent *Letter+ —————– Examples: ex, em, e lExponent *Greek Letter+——— Examples: e(, e7, e)Exponent *Minus Letter+——— Examples: e$x, e$m, e$lExponent *Minus Greek Letter+– Examples: e$(, e$7, e$+ (Upper case Greek

Letters are not included in the minus Greek Letter vocabulary. To enter expressions such as e$),see the tutorial.)Exponent *Numbers+————– Examples: e8, e /

2 , e2/

Exponent *Minus Numbers+—— Examples: e$8, e$ /2 , e$2/

superscript————————— Examples: e sin2(, ex2,y2 , e cot2+$1

exponent—————————– Examples: Same as Superscript

! Formatting Commands See tutorial! Graphing See tutorial! Greek characters See tutorial! Integral Commands See tutorial

! Letter (includes caps) and Number CommandsCommand ExamplesThe following list is available on Quick Reference laminate and/or by saying

“sample commands”.*Letter+ a, b, c, x, y, z*Letter+*Letter+ ab, xy, uv*Number/1 to 99+ 1, 11, 25, 65, 99*Number/1 to 99+ *Letter+ 27r, 5n, 10x*Number/1 to 99+ *Letter+ *Letter+ 5xy, 21cd*Number/1 to 99+ *Greek Letter+ 2a, 13", 3#

plus *Letter+ ,a, , bminus *Letter+ $x, $ yplus *Number/1 to 99+ ,27, , 15minus *Number/1 to 99+ $10,$53plus *Number/1 to 99+*Letter+ ,3a,,10yminus *Number/1 to 99+*Letter+ $5x, $ 20b

*Letter+ plus *Letter+ x , y, r , s, X , Y*Letter+ minus *Letter+ c $ d, w $ z,R $ S*Letter+ plus *Number/1 to 99+ p , 33, h , 1,F , 5*Letter+ minus *Number/1 to 99+ r $ 10, s $ 5, Y $ 20*Number/1 to 99+ plus *Number/1 to 99+ 6 , 7, 13 , 42*Number/1 to 99+ minus *Number/1 to 99+ 17 $ 5, 35 $ 25*Number/1 to 99+ plus *Letter+ 26 , i, 17 , z, 25 , B*Number/1 to 99+ minus *Letter+ 10 $ n, 32 $ v, 15 , N*Number/1 to 99+ *Letter+ plus *Letter+ 3x , y, 2u , y,a , b, 3A , D*Number/1 to 99+ *Letter+ plus *Number/1 to 99+

6a , 9, 11x , 3, y , 2, 22R , 18

26

*Number/1 to 99+ *Letter+ minus *Letter+ 3x $ y, 25a $ b*Number/1 to 99+ *Letter+ minus *Number/1 to 99+ 3x $ 10, 2a $ 4*Number/1 to 99+ *Letter+ plus *Number/1 to 99+ *Letter+ 3x , 2y, 5v , 3i*Number/1 to 99+ *Letter+ minus *Number/1 to 99+*Letter+ 4a $ 3b, 2x $ 3y

*Letter+ plus *Number/1 to 99+*Letter+ x , 3y, a , 5b, Y , 7X*Letter+ minus *Number/1 to 99+*Letter+ n $ 20m, x $ 2y, A $ 35Bequals *Number/1 to 99+ - 25, - 6, - 87equals minus *Number/1 to 99+ - $16, - $3equals *Letter+ - e, - c, - Xequals minus *Letter+ - $i,- $h, - $Yequals *Number/1 to 99+ *Letter+ - 3a, - 8yequals minus *Number/1 to 99+ *Letter+ - $2b, - $15r*Letter+*SqCube+ (includes Greek & cap) b2,12,A3,"3,x2, y3,(2,+2

*Number/1 to 99+ *Letter+ *SqCube+ 7b2, 3x3, 5A3

*Letter+ square plus *Number/1 to 99+ x2 , 2, y2 , 5, H2 , 15*Number/1 to 99+ *Letter+ *SqCube+ plus *Number/1 to 99+ 2x2 , 10, 3r2 , 1*Letter+ square minus *Number/1 to 99+ x2 $ 9, y2 $ 9, A2 $ 2*Number/1 to 99+*Letter+ *SqCube+ minus *Number/1 to 99+ 3x2 $ 5, 2y2 $ 7*Letter+ square plus *Letter+ square a2 , b2, x2 , y2

*Letter+ square minus *Letter+ square c2 $ d2, x2 $ y2

times *Number/1 to 99+ 8 6,885*Number/1 to 99+ times *Number/1 to 99+ 4 8 5, 15 8 10Combinations of *Letter+,*GreekLetter+, *Number 1-99+

over *Letter+,*GreekLetter+, *Number 1-99+b" , w

v , 2y , "

3 , XY , x

y , 7y , 33

z , w10 , 2

x

*Number/1 to 99+ *Letter+ over *Number/1 to 99+ *Letter+,*Number/1 to 99+ *Letter+ over *Number/1 to 99+ 5a

7b , xy , 3x

5 , 6k3d , 5R

10Y*Number/1 to 99+ over *Number/1 to 99+ *Letter+,

*Number/1 to 99+ over *Number/1 to 99+ 23x , 17

4y , 23 , 11

12 , 7520 , 15

30S

*Number/1 to 99+ spacesFunction *Letter+ f" #, w" #, B" #parens *Number/1 to 99+ "5#, "27#parens minus *Number/1 to 99+ "$6#, "$45#

*Letter+ *Decor+ $',$(, x ,X ,+

*Letter+ plus delta *Letter+ x , !x, y , !y, h , !h*Letter+ factorial, *Letter+ minus *Letter+ factorial,

*Letter+ plus *DigitsOnly+ factorialand *Letter+ minus *DigitsOnly+ factorial

n!"n $ x#!"m $ 1#!"m , 2#!, "l , 1#!*Letter+ *Primes+ X ., f .., (..., $ .

*Letter+ *Primes+ of *Greek Letter+ e .."/#cap greek delta (*pause here) *Letter+ !x, !h, !m*Number/1 to 9+ by *Number/1 to 9+ determinant See examples below.

27

! limit as *Letter+ goes to *Letter+ also to Greek letters and NumbersExamples:

x/ylim,

x/0lim,

n/%lim,

!/$%lim

! limits *Letter+ to *Letter+ also Greek letters and NumbersThese are limits to put on integrals, summations, products, intersections, unions,vertical

bars, etc. See the tutorial.

! log base 10 *Letter+ & natural log *Letter+ (includes Greek)Examples: loga, ln+

! Math Mode See the Tutorial! Matrix / Determinants See the Tutorial

*Number/1 to 9 by Number /1 to 9+ bracket matrix*Number/1 to 9 by Number /1 to 9+ matrix*Number/1 to 9 by Number /1 to 9+ determinant

! Minus Numbers CommandsMinus *Numbers+

! Parentheses CommandsSay “parentheses x-ray”,“parentheses x-ray yankee”,“parentheses minus one

one”to get "x#, "x,y#, "$1, 1#

! Plus Numbers CommandsPlus *Numbers+

! Saving, closing and opening commands! Summation Commands! Subscripts See the Tutorial

*DigitsOnly+*DigitsOnly+ *DigitsOnly+*Letter+*Letter+ *Letter+*Letter+ minus *DigitsOnly+*Letter+ plus *DigitsOnly+Subscript

! Toolbars! Type commands - Table of Contents! *Root+ root of *Letter, Greek Letter or Number+. Examples: / , 3 2 , 5 n! *Trig+ Examples: sin, cos, tan2

! *Trig+ *Argument+ Examples: sinx, cos(, tan27, tan$1(, sinh2x

There are many more special purpose and special symbol commands such as A Rprocess, Bessel function, reviewing commands, etc. You will be exposed to these commandsand more in the tutorial.

Opening, Closing, and Saving Files

If you need to open a file, close a file or save a file, you can do it in Scientific Notebookby saying: “open file”, “close file”, and “save file” respectively. You can also say “savethis” or “save as”.

28

About Voicing Commands in Dialog Boxes and ToolbarsWhen you are in the ScientificNotebook you can access any of the menus on the Toolbar

by saying, “click file”, “click open”, “click edit”, etc. You’ll have no trouble knowing whatto say since it will be written right on the screen in front of you. The same is true fordialog boxes. In Scientific Notebook you will often be in a dialog box. For example, if yousay “change variable”, you will be in the “change variable dialog box”. Similarly if you say“integrate by parts”, you will be in the “integrate by parts dialog box”. Whenever you are ina dialog box you must use the International Alphabet. To review Dialog Box Variables,say “dialog box variables”. You may also review Variable Lists in the Manual.

A Tutorial on using MathTalk/ScientificNotebookWe will first introduce a number of the more basic commands and then proceed to the

Tutorial in MathTalk/ScientificNotebook. You’ll find it quite easy. You just read along,follow the instructions and watch what happens. Try it, you’ll like it, it’s fun!!

Voicing Math SymbolsWe are going to initially voice some simple symbol commands to give you a quick feel

for how MathTalk/ScientificNotebook works.

Voicing or Typing TextIf you want to voice text, we suggest that you say “show dictation box”, dictate the text,

and then say “OK” to place the text in MathTalk. Say “go to type commands” to view a listof “type...” commands that will enter short marcoed text into MathTalk without going into“show dictation box”.

If you choose to type text, you must be in “text mode”. You can get there by saying“text mode” or clicking the “red M" on the Toolbar which will change to a “black T”.

You can say “type text” which will turn off the microphone and put you in text mode. Whenyou are ready to return to “math mode”, turn on the microphone.

mouse gridThe “mouse grid” command is a very important command. When you need to click an

option and the Alt commands or key words don’t work, you can always click by using the“mouse grid” command.

mouse grid on windowMouse grid on window is the same as mouse grid except that it does not grid the entire

screen. It only grids the part that is the active window. Thus if you are graphing and theplot properties dialog box is open, you can grid the box only by saying “mouse grid onwindow”.

replacing a letter or symbolThis command allows you to replace symbols with different symbols. For example, if

you say “quadratic equation”, you will get ax2 , bx , c - 0. If you want az2 , bz , c - 0,you can just change the x to a z manually. Or you can position the cursor at the beginning of

29

the math expression. Then move the cursor to the immediate left of the first x in that mathexpression by saying “move right ? spaces”. Now say “replace next character” whichwill 1) highlight the first x, 2) open the Replace Dialog Box placing the x in “Search for”,and 3) place the cursor in “Replace with” position. Now place z in the “Replace with” box bysaying “zulu”. Say “find next”, “replace”, “yes”and then “end replace”. And you will getaz2 , bz , c - 0.

In the Replace dialog box, be sure “whole words only” is not checked!!If you wish to replace the next two characters in a math expression, position the cursor to

the immediate left of the two characters, say “replace next two characters”, and follow step2 above.

Special Note: When the last character(s) to be replaced is selected, say “end replace”.See the following example.

Suppose that you wish to change the x in the equation"a , x#n - an , nan$1x , n"n$1#

2! an$2x2 , % , xn to !. Note there are four x’s in thisexpression. First place the cursor at the immediate left of the first x (i.e. left most x) in thatexpression. Now say “replace next character” which will 1) highlight the first x, 2) openthe Replace Dialog Box placing the x in “Search for”, and 3) place the cursor in “Replacewith” position.

Now place ! in the “Replace with” box by saying “cap greek delta”. Say “find next”,“replace”, “yes”, “replace” , “replace” and then “end replace”. (Again saying, “replace”is continued like until the last x that you want to replace is selected. Then with that x stillselected, say “end replace”.)

The result: "a , !#n - an , nan$1! ,n"n$1#

2! an$2!2 , % , !n

Of course, if you wanted to replace all of the x’s to the end of the document with !, youwould just say “replace all”.

For a video demonstration, see the Replace video on the MathTalk Demo CD.

replace text CommandIf you wish to replace text, you select the text you want to replace and say “replace text”.

This will then give you the opportunity to replace this text, and any other text that is thesame.

display equation, number equation, remove number, numbering help, end display,and align here

The display equation command is used to set off an equation or group of equations. Itsets off the equation and places the cursor in the proper position to begin voicing/typing theequation or set of equations. The equations in the display will all be aligned. If you wish toalign them somewhere other than the equals sign, you can use the command “align here”.See “Help” in ScientificNotebook if you do not understand the “align here” command.If you wish to number the equation, this is the place to do so. Just say “numberequation”. Then enter the line number (i.e. 1,2,...) of the display where you want the numberto appear and say “custom” . Now enter the number in parentheses (if you want it inparentheses) by saying “parentheses” and then the number. Then say “ok”. The display willappear selected. Say “end display”. If you say anything else before you say “enddisplay”, you will erase the line! If you do not want to number the equation, say “end

30

display” instead of “number equation”. This will take you out of the display box.

In display or to the right of a number, you can remove a number in a single lineequation by saying “remove number” and then saying “none”, “ok” in response to thedialog box that appears. To get out of display, say “end display”. You can remove thenumber in a multiline equation (assuming you entered it in “display equation”) as follows.With the cursor either in the display or to the right of the number, say “remove number”. Inthe dialog box, enter the number of the row of the equation that the display number is on andsay “none”, “ok”. Again, say “end display”. For further instructions on numberingequations, say “numbering help”.

next line and enter key CommandsAs normal, enter key takes you to the next line. However since MathTalk is written in

the section body tag “Body Text”, the enter key will also put you in Body Text Font.Therefore any time you are entering math symbols, you should go to the next line bysaying “next line.”

move out CommandDisplay equation, fraction, exponent, etc. are commands that place you in “mathematical

boxes”. Before you can go to the next line (unless you want a new line within the box) youmust be out of a box. The command “move out” will get you out of a single box. Howeveryou could be inside several boxes so you may have to say the command several times.Alternatively you can say “out all” which moves the cursor out of all the boxes.

Type Face CommandsThere are a number of voice commands available to you to change the font appearance in

Text Mode and Math Mode. They include the following:

Bigger fontBold onBold offItalics onItalics offSet fontSmaller fontUnderline on (In Text Mode only)Underline off (In Text Mode only)Underbar (In Math Mode only)*

*Actually, “underbar” is just one of many Math Talk commands that allow you to putbars, hats, etc. under and over characters. You can say “decoration menu” to see yourchoices.

Want to see some one-liners?After you have done the training exercise, with ScientificNotebook still open, click on

the microphone.

In each example, some dialog is given which produces the resulting mathematical

31

expressions. You should say the dialog as many times as you like. If you say exactlywhat the script says, you should get the indicated results. If you go through all of theexamples, even if there are symbols with which you are unfamiliar, you will know howto use MathTalk/ScientificNotebook.

Pause at the commas between commands. Do not pause between words withincommands. Say all words within the quotes as continuous speech. Be sure to wait until themath appears on the screen before saying the next command!

For easy viewing, set the screen at 150%. You can change the screen display bysaying “larger”(equals 150%), “much larger”(equals 200%), “normal screen”(equals 100%), “smaller”(equals 85%), “much smaller”, (equals 50%). You can also say “100percent”, “200 percent”, “150 percent”, “85 percent”, “50 percent”, or “400 percent”. Ifyou wish to erase the entire screen, say “select all”, “delete that”.

Example 1: These are examples of voice commands for common mathematicalexpressions. Most begin with the word “review”, because they are reviewing the expression.

Remark: If a lengthy equation goes off the screen, say “normal screen” or “smaller”to see the entire expression . Then say “larger” to return to 150 percent.

Words in quotes are to be said in continuous speech. To go to the next line say “nextline”. Pause between commands and wait for the math to appear on the screenbefore continuing! Do not pause within commands.

“You Say” “You Get”

“3 x-ray plus 4 yankee”, “equals 7”, 3x , 4y - 7

“eleven x-ray square minus 2” 11x2 $ 2

“9 yankee over twenty-one zulu” 9y21z

“review binomial squared” "x , y#2 - x2 , 2xy , y2

“review difference of two squares” x2 $ y2 - "x , y#"x $ y#

“review difference of two cubes” x3 $ y3 - "x $ y#"x2 , xy , y2#

“review sum of two cubes” x3 , y3 - "x , y#"x2 $ xy , y2#

“quadratic equation” ax2 , bx , c - 0

“quadratic formula” x -$b0 b2$4ac

2a

“review quadratic formula” ax2 , bx , c - 0 1 x -$b0 b2$4ac

2a

“review binomial formula” "a , x#n - an , nan$1x , n"n$1#2! an$2x2 , % , xn

32

“review definition of the derivative” dfdx -

!x/0lim f"x,!x#$f"x#

!x

“normal density” 12/ 1

exp&$ 1212 "x $ ,#2'

“normal integral” 12/ 1

&$%

xexp&$ 1

212 "t $ ,#2'dt

Letters and NumbersFor available Letter, Greek Letter, and Number variables, say “math talklearning module” and “sample commands”.

You can voice/type any letters or numbers you want as follows.Numbers:

a) You can say zero or any integer 1 to 99.b) For plus/minus numbers, you can say plus/minus any number 1 through 9.c) If you have trouble with recognition of individual digits, you can say

“numeral #”. For example, “numeral 5”, “numeral 8”.Examples:

Say: “5”, “comma”, “8”, “comma”, “zero”, “comma”, “99”To Get: 5, 8, 0, 99

Say: “minus 8”, “comma”, “plus 5”To get: $8,,5

Say: “two seven point five eight six”To Get: 27. 586

Say: “minus point zero three nine four”To Get: $. 0394

The commands “27.586” and “minus .0394” are examples of the Digits Groupcommand. This command allows you to say any number in sequence, as well as a negativesign and a decimal point. You must say the numbers in sequence, i.e., for “27”, you may say“two seven” or “twenty-seven”. However, you need not pause between digits; in fact, youshould NOT pause between digits. Thus, the whole command should be said in continuousspeech without pausing. You may say single digit numbers, OR without pausing, you maysay, for example, twenty-seven, point, five, eighty-six.

The *Number 1 to 99+ *Letter+, *Greek Letter+ CommandsYou can say any number from 1 to 99 followed by any letter in the Letter vocabulary orfollowed by any letter in the Greek Letter vocabulary.

Examples:

Say: “x-ray”, “comma”, “3 spaces”, “3 x-ray”, “comma”, “3 spaces”,

33

“9 yankee”, “comma”, “3 spaces”, “12 whiskey”, “comma”, “3 spaces”,“65 alpha”, “comma”, “3 spaces”, “11 cap bravo”, “comma”,“3 spaces”, “4 greek alpha”, “comma”, “3 spaces”, “21 lambda”,“comma”, “3 spaces”, “33 beta”

To Get: x, 3x, 9y, 12w, 65a, 11B, 4!, 21+, 33"

“Cap” CommandsTo say any uppercase letter, precede it by “cap”. For example say “cap alpha”,“cap bravo”, “cap x-ray”, “cap yankee”, “cap greek delta”, and“cap gamma” to get: ABXY!".

Exponents, Superscripts, and Subscripts CommandsYou can raise any symbol to any power with the exponent command. For the exponents2 and 3 you can say square or cube. For higher orders, say the number. You can say (incontinuous speech) “exponent”, followed by any word in the vocabularies “GreekLetter”, “Letter”, “Minus Letter”, “Numbers”, “Minus Numbers”. To get morecomplicated exponents, say “exponent” or “superscript”, pause and enter the exponentyou desire.You can say any subscript you want by saying “subscript”, pausing and entering thedesired subscript.

To view Sub Sentence Commands, see MathTalk Learning Module.

Examples:Say: “x-ray square”, “lima cube”, “zulu”, “exponent 6”, “x-ray”,“exponent minus 4”, “echo”, “exponent minus pi over 2”To Get: x2 l3 z6 x$4 e$ /

2

Say: “cap victor”, “exponent”, “parentheses”, “x-ray square plus yankee square”,“move out”, “sine theta”, “end exponent” (or “move out”), “tab key”,“echo”, “exponent”, “minus”, “one half”, “x-ray square”, “end exponent”.To Get: V x2,y2 sin( e$ 1

2 x2

Say: “alpha”, “sub one”, “lambda”, “sub one two”, “sigma”, “sub x-ray”,“cap whiskey”, “sub x-ray yankee”To Get: a1 +12 1x WxyIf you want something more complicated, you just say the symbol and say “subscript”and enter what you wish. To get out of the subscript, say “end subscript” or “moveout”.

Root “of” CommandsYou can say in continuous speech “square root, cube root, 4th root, 5th root, 6th root,7th root, 8th root, 9th root”, “of” any word in the “Letter”, “Greek Letter”, or

34

“Numbers” vocabulary.

Examples:Say: “square root of x-ray”, “cube root of cap romeo”, “4th root of beta”,“5th root of pi”, “6th root of 3”To Get: x 3 R 4 " 5 / 6 3If you want something more complicated you can say “square root”, or “cube root” or“general root”, pause, and put in whatever you want.

Say: “square root”, “x-ray square plus yankee square”, “move out”To Get: x2 , y2

Say: “general root”, “ten”, “tab”, “greek alpha”, “plus”, “beta”, “minus fifteen”,“move out”To get: 10 ! , "2 $ 15

Pre-Algebra Examples1. Find the volume of a cube with an edge of 4 inches.Say “4 times 4”, “times 4”, “equals 16”, “times”, “4”, “equals sixty-four”.Get: 4 8 4 8 4 - 16 8 4 - 64

2. Evaluate the expression 9 , 5"3 , 2 ! 7#.Say “9 plus 5”, “parentheses”, “3 plus 2”, “times dot”, “7”, “moveout”, “equals 9”, “plus 5”, “parentheses seventeen”, “equals 9”,“plus”, “eighty-five”, “equals ninety-four”Get:9 , 5"3 , 2 ! 7# - 9 , 5"17# - 9 , 85 - 94

3. To simplify 7 ! 112 ! 3 ! 1

4Say “parentheses”, “7”, “times dot”, “1 over twelve”, “move out”, “timesdot”, “parentheses”, “3”, “times dot”,“one fourth”, “move out”,“equals”, “7 over twelve”, “times dot”, “3 over 4”, “equals”,“twenty-one over forty-eight”, “equals”, “7 over sixteen”.Get:

7 ! 112 ! 3 ! 1

4 - 712 ! 3

4 - 2148 - 7

16

4. To simplify 4y , 6y , 8Say “4 yankee plus 6 yankee”, “plus 8”, “equals”,“ten yankee”, “plus 8”Get: 4y , 6y , 8 - 10y , 8

Trigonometry Commands

Examples:Say: “sine”, “cosine”, “tangent”, “cosecant x”, “cotangent theta”,

35

“secant squared fee”, “arc tangent yankee”, “inverse sine theta”,“hyperbolic cosine lambda”

To Get: sin cos tan cscx cot( sec24 arctany sin$1( cosh+

Say: “4”, “plus”, “3 india”, “equals 5”, “parentheses”, “cosine”,“36”, “degrees”, “52”, “seconds”, “plus india”, “sine”, “36”,“degrees”, “52”, “seconds”, “move out”

To Get: 4 , 3i - 5"cos36'52. , i sin 36'52.#

The “parentheses” Commands“Parentheses” commands are commands that are used for entering functions,intervals, one and two tupels, and parentheses. For example, if you say“parentheses”, “move out”, “parentheses x-ray”,“parentheses x-ray yankee”,“parentheses minus one one”, you will get:

"(# "x#, "x,y#, "$1, 1#

and if you say “foxtrot”,“parentheses x-ray”,“beta”,“parentheses x-ray yankee”,and “cap romeo”,“parentheses lambda theta”, you will get:f"x#, ""x,y#, R"+,(#For a list of “Parentheses” commands, see the MathTalk Learning Module. Or say“show parentheses commands”.

REMARK: When saying commands, make a brief pause at thecommas between commands. Do not pause if there is no comma. Ifthe comma is spelled out it is a command, say it just like any othercommand.

Examples: (Be sure you pause at the “,” when saying the commands. Do not pauseotherwise.)Say: “foxtrot”, “parentheses x-ray”, “comma”, “foxtrot”, “parentheses one”,“comma”, “foxtrot”, “parentheses minus one”, “comma”, “golf ”,“parentheses yankee”, “comma”, “romeo”, “parentheses sierra”,“comma”, “lambda”, “parentheses theta”, “comma”, “greek delta”,“parentheses epsilon”, “comma”, “cap fee”, “parentheses zulu”, “comma”,“hotel”, “parentheses zero”, “comma”, and “cap gamma”, “parenthesesone half”

To Get: f"x#, f"1# , f"$1#, g"y#, r"s#, +"(#, $"%#, !"z#, h"0#, "" 12 #

Say: “cap foxtrot ”, “parentheses x-ray yankee”, “comma”, “whiskey”, “parenthesesuniform victor”, “comma”, “uniform”, “parentheses romeo theta”, “comma”,“yankee”, “parentheses minus one one”, “comma”, “foxtrot of x-ray yankeeand zulu”, “comma”, “cap foxtrot of x-ray yankee and zulu”

36

To Get: F"x,y#, w"u,v#, u"r,(#, y"$1, 1#, f"x,y, z#, F"x,y, z#

REMARK: The function of three variables is different than one and two variables in thatit only offers you the arguments x,y, z and you simply say “foxtrot of x-ray yankee andzulu”. There are no other choices for arguments. You can, of course, use the replacecommand to replace them or you can manually replace them or voice a two variable functionand augment it. You could also just enter it a letter at a time.

Function *Letter+ CommandStandard functions can be typed by the “parentheses” commands. However if you wantto type something like f"x2#, or U" sin2(#, you will need to use the command “function*Letter+”. That is, to get f"x2#, say “function foxtrot”, “x-ray square”, “move out”. Toget U" sin2(#, say “function cap uniform”, “sine squared theta”, “move out”. Toget F2"x#, you need not use the function command. Simply say “cap foxtrotsquared”,“parentheses x-ray”

The “over” CommandsYou can say in continuous speech any letter (English or Greek) over any other letter.You can say in continuous speech any single digit over any letter and any letter overany single digit.

Examples: (Pause at the “,”)Say: “x-ray over yankee”, “equals”, “greek alpha over beta”, “equals”,“cap bravo over 7”, “equals”, “2 over pi”

To get: xy - !

" - B7 - 2

/

You can enter as complicated a fraction as you like by saying “fraction”, entering thenumerator, saying “over”, entering the denominator, and saying “end fraction” or“move out”.

Say: “romeo”, “equals”, “fraction”, “alpha x-ray”, “plus”, “bravo yankee”,“over”, “charlie x-ray”, “plus”, “delta yankee”, “end fraction”

To Get: r - ax,bycx,dy

“decor” CommandsThese commands allow you to place hats, bars, or tildes over any word in the “Letter”variables and the “Greek Letter” variables. This includes all English upper and lowercase letters and all Greek upper and lower case letters that are supported by ScientificNotebook. If you wish to put a decoration on more than a single letter, then you usethe “over bar”, “over hat”, “over tilde” commands.

Examples:Say: “x-ray bar”, “cap x-ray bar”, “theta hat”, “yankee tilde”

37

To Get: x X$( )y

Say: “over bar”, “x-ray”, “plus yankee”, “move out”, “over hat”,“alpha”, “theta”, “move out”

To get: x , y a(

Factorial CommandsYou can say, in continuous speech, any English letter factorial, any English letter minusan English letter factorial, and any English letter factorial plus or minus the digits 1-9.Examples:Say: “november factorial”, “mike minus one factorial”, “lima plus threefactorial”, “november minus x-ray factorial”, “x-ray plus yankee factorial”

To Get: n!"m $ 1#!"l , 3#!"n $ x#!"x , y#!

*Letter+ Square Plus or Minus *Letter+You can say, in continuous speech, any letter square plus any letter square, and any lettersquare minus any letter square.Examples:Say: “x-ray square plus yankee square”, “alpha square plus bravo square”,“greek alpha square plus beta square”, “uniform square minus victorsquare”

To Get: x2 , y2 a2 , b2 !2 , "2 u2 $ v2

*Letter+ plus delta *Letter+ CommandsYou can say, in continuous speech, any English letter plus delta any English letter.Examples:Say: “x-ray plus delta x-ray”, “yankee plus delta yankee”, “hotel plus delta hotel”,“victor plus delta victor”, “cap november plus delta cap november”

To Get: x , !x y , !y h , !h v , !v N , !N

Derivative CommandsYou can say, in continuous speech, derivative with respect to any English or GreekLetter. You can also say in continuous speech d *Letter+ d *Letter+ or d *Letter+d *Greek Letter+. You can say “first derivative”.

Examples:Say: “derivative with respect to x-ray”, “derivative with respect to tango”,“derivative with respect to theta”, “derivative with respect to lambda”,“delta foxtrot delta x-ray”, “delta cap foxtrot delta x-ray”, “delta romeodelta theta”, “delta uniform delta victor”, “delta yankee delta x-ray”.

38

To Get: ddx

ddt

dd(

dd+

dfdx

dFdx

drd(

dudv

dydx

Higher Order Derivative CommandsYou can say in continuous speech higher order derivatives (2nd through 9th) of anyEnglish letter with respect to any English letter or Greek Letter. You can also just say2nd through 9th derivative. Also you can say a letter of the alphabet derivative, i.e. toget dny

dxn , say “november derivative”.

Examples:Say: “second derivative of yankee with respect x-ray”, “fourth derivative of romeowith respect to theta”, “third derivative of cap golg with respect to tango”,“fourth derivative”, “ninth derivative”, “mike derivative”, “kilo derivative”.

To Get: d2ydx2

d4rd(4

d3Gdt3

d4ydx4

d9ydx9

dmydxm

dkydxk

Partial Derivative CommandsYou can say any of the following commands. Examples of each are shown.

mixed partial of *Letter+ with respect to *Greek Letter+ and *Greek Letter+Say: “mixed partial of foxtrot with respect to romeo and tau”, to get: #2f

#r#2

mixed partial of *Letter+ with respect to *Letter+ and *Greek Letter+Say: “mixed partial of yankee with respect to romeo and theta”, to get: #2y

#r#(mixed partial of *Letter+ with respect to *Letter+ and *Letter+

Say: “mixed partial of cap foxtrot with respect to x-ray and yankee”, to get: #2F#x#y

partial of *Letter+ of *Letter+ and *Letter+ with respect to *Letter+Say: “partial of foxtrot of x-ray and yankee with respect to x-ray”, to get: #f"x,y#

#xpartial of *Letter+ with respect to *Greek Letter+

Say: “partial of romeo with respect to theta”, to get: #r#(

partial of *Letter+ with respect to *Letter+Say: “partial of cap lima with respect to sierra”, to get: #L

#spartial with respect to *Greek Letter+

Say: “partial with respect to omega”, to get: ##7

partial with respect to *Letter+Say: “partial with respect to x-ray”, to get: #

#xsecond partial of *Letter+ with respect to *Greek Letter+

Say: “second partial of hotel with respect to beta”, to get: #2h#"2

second partial of *Letter+ with respect to *Letter+Say: “second partial of yankee with respect to whiskey”, to get: #2y

#w2

cross partialSay: “cross partial” to get: #2f

#y#x

39

mixed partialSay: “mixed partial” to get: #2f

#y#xpartial derivative

Say: “partial derivative” to get: #y#x

partialSay: “partial” to get: #

second partialSay: “second partial” to get: #2

Differential CommandsIn the example below, don’t forget to pause at the commas or you will geta derivative. (That is say “delta yankee”, “delta x-ray”, not “dy dx”.)Say: “delta yankee”, “delta x-ray”, “delta zulu”, “tab key”, “deltafee”, “delta theta”, “delta lambda”.To get: dydxdz d4d(d+

Integral Commands Resulting Action[integral] &[integral with joint scripts] &

*

*

[integral with limits] &*

*

[integral with lower limit] &*

[integral with subscript] &*

In each case the cursor will be at the lower limit. You can enter any lower limit you wantand then say “upper limit” (if required). After entering the upper limit, say “end upperlimit”, “end limits”, or “move out”. If you want limits and you said “integral”, you can adda lower limit as a subscript by saying “subscript” and proceeding as in “integral with jointscripts”.

An easy way to add most limits: Use the limits command listed below.

Limits * + to * +

This command puts limits on integrals, sums, products, unions, intersections, and verticalbars. You say, in continuous speech, “limits * + to * +”, where the * +’s can be filled inwith any word in the Letter, Greek Letter, Numbers, Minus Letter, or Minus Numbersvocabularies. Only use this command when the cursor is positioned at the lower limit orsubscript!

Examples:Say: “integral with limits”, “limits alpha to 2 pi”, “integral with joint scripts”,“limits minus infinity to infinity”, “sum with limits”, “kilo”, “equals”,“limits 1 to november”, “union with limits”, “india”, “equals”, “limits

40

minus mike to mike”, “vertical bar with limits”, “limits minus 5 to 5”,“integral”, “lower limit”, “x-ray square”, “upper limit”, “x-ray”, “plus 2”,“move out”, “natural log yankee”, “delta yankee”, “integral withlimits”, “tango”, “minus one”, “upper limit”, “tango”, “plus one”, “endupper limit”, “yankee”, “exponent 4”, “delta yankee”

To Get: &a

2/

&$%

% (k-1

n+i-$m

m|$55 &

x2

x,2lnydy &

t$1

t,1

y4dy

Sum or Summation CommandsYou can say “sum “ or “summation”, in any of the commands that include limits orscripts. They perform the same action. Pick the one that gives you the best wordrecognition.The basic commands are:

[summation] Here you must say “summation”, you cannot say “sum”.[sum with joint scripts][summation with joint scripts][sum with limits][summation with limits]

[sum with lower limit][summation with lower limit]

[sum with subscript][summation with subscript]

After adding the index, the limits are added just as with integrals.Example:Say: “sum with limits”, “mike”, “equals”, “limits zero to infinity”

To Get: (m-0

%

Union, Intersection, Product, Vertical Bar CommandsThe commands are the same as for integrals and sums, and they work thesame way. They are:“union with limits”, or “union with joint scripts”“intersection with limit”, or “intersection with joint scripts”“product with limits”, or “product with joint scripts”“vertical bar with limits”, “vertical bar”, “victor bar”

Matrix and Determinant CommandsYou can enter any n 8 m matrix, where 1 ) n ) 9 and 1 ) m ) 9, withparen notation, i.e. " #, or “bracket matrix”, i.e., - notation. You can alsoenter a determinant in the same way.

41

Example:Say: “2 by 2 bracket matrix”, “x-ray”, “sub one one”,“tab key”,“x-ray”, “sub one two”,“tab key”, “x-ray”, “sub two one”, “tab key”,“x-ray”, “sub two two”, “end matrix”

To Get:x11 x12

x21 x22

Type Commands A list of Type Commands which enter Connecting words is detailedin the MathTalk Learning Module. You mat say “show type commands” to view thesecommands.

In the following examples, we will issue several commands in a row, separated by spacesand commas. Say the commands in continuous speech, but pause between commands.WAIT FOR THE MATH TO APPEAR ON THE SCREEN BEFORE VOICING THENEXT COMMAND. Commands are set off in quotes. For example, if you say (pausing atthe commas) “cap x-ray”, “sub tango”, “comma”, “four spaces ”, “cap x-ray”,“parentheses tango”, you’ll get X t, X"t#. Try it! Don’t forget to go to the nextline by saying “next line”.

You Say You Get“cap x-ray”, “sub tango”, “comma”, “four spaces”,“cap x-ray”, “parentheses tango”, “four spaces”, “cap yankee bar”, “comma”,“yankee bar”, “comma”, “theta hat”, “comma”, “x-ray”, “sub india juliette”

X t, X"t# Y , y ,( ,x ij

REMARK: To maximize speech recognition, speak at a firm, steady pace. Also,emphasize small differences in commands. We’ll call your attention to this and othersuggestions as we go through this Tutorial.

“integral”, “comma”, “tab key”,“integral with joint scripts”, “limits minus infinity to infinity”,“integral with joint scripts”, “limits zero to infinity”, “comma”,“tab key”, “double integral”, “comma”,“tab key”, “contour integral” &, &

$%

% &0

%, &&, *

“delta uniform delta x-ray”, “comma”, “delta victor delta x-ray”, “comma”,“delta yankee delta x-ray”, “comma”, “tab key”, “first derivative”,“comma”, “second derivative”,“comma”, “third derivative” du

dx , dvdx , dy

dx , dydx , d2y

dx2 , d3ydx3

“mixed partial of foxtrot with respect tox-ray and yankee”, “comma”, “tab key”, “mixedpartial of cap* foxtrot with respect to x-ray and yankee” #2f

#y#x , #2F#y#x

(*Here you should emphasize the word “cap”)

42

“echo”,“exponent”, “minus, “one-half”“tango square”, “end exponent”, “comma”, “tab key”,“echo”, “exponent minus x-ray”, “comma”, e! 1

2 t2 , e!x, e 3!

2

“tab key”, “echo”, “exponent 3 pi over 2”

Example 2: Now we’ll write a few one-line equations by voice in ScientificNotebook.Words in quotes are to be said with continuous speech. Slight pauses should bemade at the commas. Say “next line” to go to the next line.

You Say You Get

“three”, “x-ray cube”, “plus”, “x-ray square”“minus four”, “equals zero” 3x3 ! x2 ! 4 " 0

“absolute value”, “x-ray”, “move out”, “equals”“expanding left brace”, “minus x-ray”, “comma”,“four spaces”, “x-ray”, “less than or equal to”,“zero”, “next line”, “x-ray”, “comma”, “four spaces”,“x-ray”, “greater than or equal to”, “zero”, “out all”.*

|x| "!x, x " 0x, x # 0

* “out all” is a command that will move the cursor out of all boxes. Here you couldhave said “move out” twice to get the same result.

“sine squared theta”, “plus”, “cosinesquared theta”, “equals one” sin2" ! cos2" " 1

“cap foxtrot”, “parentheses x-ray”, “equals”,“normal integral” F!x" " 1

2! #$!%

xexp#! 1

2#2 !t ! $"2$dt

“alpha romeo process” X t ! %1X t!1 ! %2X t!2 ! % ! %pX t!p " at

“juliette november”, “equals”, “bessel function” Jn!t" " &k"0

% !!1"k t2

n!2k

k!#!n!k!1"

“3 delta wave equation” '2u't2

! c2 '2u'x2 ! '2u

'y2 ! '2u'z2 " 0

43

“bold cap x-ray”, “equals”, “x-ray matrix”

X "

x11 x12 % x1n

x21 x22 % x2n

& & ' &

xm1 xm2 % xmn

“yankee”, “double prime”, “plus”, “x-ray square”,“yankee”, “prime”, “minus yankee”, “equals”“sine squared x-ray y $$ ! x2y $ ! y " sin2x

“bold cap x-ray”, “bold cap x-ray”, “inverse”,“equals”, “identity matrix”

XX!1 "

1 0 % 00 1 % 0& & ' &

0 0 % 1

Tip: You can go to the top of any document by saying “top of document”. Similarly,you can go to the bottom by saying “bottom of document”.

Example 3: In this example, we will introduce Type Commands. These are words thatare often used while entering math expression, such as “Thus”, “Therefore”, “Consequently”,“is”, “if”, “or”, “odd”, “and”, etc. When you want to use a connecting word command youmust precede it by the word “type”. Thus you would say “type therefore” if you wanted theword “therefore” inserted (first, you may need to say “text mode”). This example willdemonstrate the use of the Type Commands.

First, we intend to enter the text and mathematics below, beginning with (a) and endingwith 3% 5 i

2 .(a) Use the quadratic formula to find the roots of x2 ! 3x ! 4 " 0.

ax2 ! bx ! c " 0 & x "!b % b2 ! 4ac

2a

Therefore

x "3 % 9 ! 4 & 4

2

"3 % 9 ! 16

2

"3 % 5 i

2 .

REMARK: If you wish to type the text, you may type all the text rather than dictating it.

44

In that case, say “type text”. When you finish, turn on the microphone to return to enteringmath. Otherwise proceed as follows. Pause at the commas. Do not pause within acommand.

Say: next line, show dictation box, dictate the following text: left parenthesis, alpha(it may be necessary to correct this to get "a"), right parenthesis, cap use the quadraticformula to find the roots of, OK (will be back in math), 2 spaces, x-ray square minus3, x-ray plus 4, equals zero, period, display equation, review quadratic formula,end display, next line, type therefore, display equation, x-ray, equals, fraction, 3,plus or minus, square root, 9 minus 4, times 4, move out, over, 2, move out (or“end fraction”), next line, equals, fraction, 3, plus or minus, square root, 9 minussixteen, move out, over, 2, move out, next line, equals, fraction, 3, plus orminus, square root of 5, move out, india, over, 2, move out, period, end display.

You Get(a) Use the quadratic formula to find the roots of x2 ! 3x ! 4 " 0.

ax2 ! bx ! c " 0 & x "!b % b2 ! 4ac

2a

Therefore

x "3 % 9 ! 4 & 4

2

"3 % 9 ! 16

2

"3 % 5 i

2 .

Read This! If you plan to output in Braille the document on which you are working,we strongly recommend that you do not use the “display equation” command. Althoughit is possible that the translator will correctly interpret equations in the “display”format, it is highly likely that it will not. We will therefore repeat the example, butwithout using “display equation”.

Example 3 repeated without using the command “display equation”

Say: next line, show dictation box, dictate the following text: left parenthesis, alpha(it may be necessary to correct this to get "a"), right parenthesis, cap use the quadraticformula to find the roots of, OK (will be back in math), 2 spaces, x-ray squareminus 3, x-ray plus 4, equals zero, period, next line, review quadratic formula,next line, type therefore, next line, next line, x-ray, equals, fraction, 3, plus orminus, square root, 9 minus 4, times 4, move out, over, 2, move out, next line, 5spaces, equals, fraction, 3, plus or minus, square root, 9 minus sixteen, moveout, over, 2, move out, next line, 5 spaces, equals, fraction, 3, plus or minus,square root of 5, move out, india, over, 2, move out, period.

45

You Get:(a) Use the quadratic formula to find the roots of x2 ! 3x ! 4 " 0.ax2 ! bx ! c " 0 & x "

!b% b2!4ac2a

Thereforex "

3% 9!4&42

"3% 9!16

2

"3% 5 i

2 .

In the first part of this example, we showed how to add text by saying “show dictationbox”, dictating the text, and then saying “OK” to place the text in MathTalk. We also usedthe connecting word Therefore. Connecting words are words that are often used inmathematical expressions to connect one set of expressions to another or to state a condition.When entering a connecting word by voice always precede it by the word “type”. Forexample, say “type for” to enter the connecting word “for”. For a list of connecting words,see the Table of Contents or say “go to type commands”.

Now, we will solve the problem, “show that $!%

% e!t2 dt " ! . You will note that weonly need Connecting words, so we never have to go to Text Mode. In Math Mode, start anew line by saying “next line”.

You Say : type cap let*, 5 spaces, x-ray, equals, romeo, cosine theta,comma, 5 spaces, yankee, equals, romeo, sine theta, period, 5 spaces, type capthen*, display equation, parentheses, integral with joint scripts, limits minusinfinity to infinity, echo, exponent, minus, tango square, end exponent, deltatango, move out, squared, equals, integral with joint scripts, limits minus infinityto infinity, integral with joint scripts, limits minus infinity to infinity, echo,exponent, minus, parentheses, x-ray square plus yankee square, move out, endexponent, delta x-ray, delta yankee, next line, equals two, integral with jointscripts, limits zero to pi, integral with joint scripts, limits zero to infinity, echo,exponent, minus, romeo square, end exponent, romeo, delta romeo, delta theta,next line, equals, minus, integral with joint scripts, limits zero to pi, echo,exponent, minus, romeo square, end exponent, vertical bar with limits, limitszero to infinity, delta theta, next line, equals, integral with joint scripts, limits zeroto pi, delta theta, equals, pi, period, end display next line, type therefore*, 5spaces, integral with joint scripts, limits minus infinity to infinity, echo, exponent,minus, tango square, end exponent, delta tango, equals, square root of pi, moveout, period .

*These are connecting words.

You Get :Let x " rcos", y " r sin". Then

46

$!%

%e!t2 dt

2" $

!%

% $!%

%e!!x2!y2" dxdy

" 2 $0

! $0

%e!r2rdrd"

" !$0

!e!r2 |0% d"

" $0

!d" " !.

Therefore $!%

% e!t2 dt " ! .

Again, to emphasize that if you want an output in Braille do not use the command“display equation”, we repeat the last part of the example without using the commanddisplay equation. Also we will introduce some new commands, 2 lines, 2 tabs, 5 spaces, and5 spaces. We use these commands to improve the appearance of the display. You can say “xspaces”, where x ranges from 1 to 5. You can also say 3 lines and 3 tabs. The linecommands just add extra “enters” for spacing and keep you in Math Mode.

You Say : next line, parentheses, integral with joint scripts, limits minus infinityto infinity, echo, exponent, minus, tango square, end exponent, delta tango,move out, squared, equals, integral with joint scripts, limits minus infinity toinfinity, integral with joint scripts, limits minus infinity to infinity, echo, exponent,minus, parentheses, x-ray square plus yankee square, out all*, delta x-ray, deltayankee, 2 lines, 3 tabs, four spaces equals two, integral with joint scripts, limitszero to pi, integral with joint scripts, limits zero to infinity, echo, exponent, minus,romeo square, end exponent, romeo, delta romeo, delta theta, 2 lines, 3 tabs,four spaces, equals, minus, integral with joint scripts, limits zero to pi, echo,exponent, minus, romeo square, end exponent, vertical bar with limits, limits zeroto infinity, delta theta, 2 lines, 3 tabs, four spaces, equals, integral with jointscripts, limits zero to pi, delta theta, equals, pi, period, 2 lines, type therefore,5 spaces, integral with joint scripts, limits minus infinity to infinity, echo, exponent,minus, tango square, end exponent, delta tango, equals, square root of pi, moveout, period .

* Note that here we used the command out all to get us out of both the exponent and the parentheses.You Get :

$!%

% e!t2dt2" $

!%

% $!%

% e! x2!y2 dxdy

" 2 $0

! $0

% e!r2rdrd"

" ! $0

! e!r2 |0%d"

" $0

! d" " !.

Therefore $!%

% e!t2dt " ! .

47

More on Text Mode / Math ModeAs the final part of this example, we are going to add text created in Dragon.We are going to type the following (beginning with “Let ...” and ending with“ ...complete the proof.”)

REMARK: The Greek letter Phi is used here. For better recognition we spell it “fee” inall of the commands. Therefore you should say “fee”.

Let #%n : n " 1, 2, 3%$ be an orthogonal basis and show that

$0

1a!x"dx "

n'%lim sup %n!a"

$0

1a!x"b!x"dx "

n'%lim sup 'n!a,b" 1.2

to complete the proof.

You Say : type cap let, 2 spaces, braces, fee, sub november, colon, november,equals, sequence one two three, move out, 5 spaces, show dictation box, dictate thefollowing text: be an orthogonal basis and show that, OK (will be back in math),display equation, integral with joint scripts, limits zero to one, alpha, parenthesesx-ray, delta x-ray, less than or equal to, bottom label, limit superior, tab key,november goes to infinity, move out, fee, sub november, parentheses, alpha,move out, next line, integral with joint scripts, limits zero to one, alpha,parentheses x-ray, bravo, parentheses x-ray, delta x-ray, less than or equal to,bottom label, limit superior, tab key, november goes to infinity, move out, sigh(for greek Psi), sub november, parentheses alpha bravo, move out, numberequation, two, custom, one point two, ok, end display, next line, show dictationbox, dictate the following text: to complete the proof period, OK (will be back inmath).

You Get :Let #%n : n " 1, 2, 3,%$ be an orthogonal basis and show that

$0

1a!x"dx "

n'%lim sup %n!a"

$0

1a!x"b!x"dx "

n'%lim sup 'n!a,b" 1.2

to complete the proof.REMARK: The dialogue in the number equations box will be clear. When there is more

than one line in the equation you will probably always choose “custom”. The command“number equation” can only be used in the display equation box!

In the next example, we will work several problems ranging from simple to difficult.You need not work through all of them, but we recommend that you read through all of themand voice some of them. You will, we think, be surprised and impressed with the power of

48

MathTalk in the “Compute Mode”.Remark: If you wanted to type the text, rather than dictate it, you say “type text”

instead of “text mode”!! Remember, “type text” also turns off the voice bar, and youwill have to turn it back on manually.

Solving Problems Using The Compute Mode* MuPad is the computation engine used for these computations.

Example 4: Working math problems by voice in ScientificNotebook using theCompute feature: (Words between commas are to be said with continuousspeech. Pause at the commas and wait for the math to be created beforecontinuing.)

Problem 1: Factor x2 ! y2

Solution : Say “x-ray square minus yankee square”, “factor”.

You’ll get: x2 ! y2 " !x ! y"!x ! y"

Problem 2: Combine and simplify the sum 3x2!3x8x2!7

! 5x2!32x2!x!7

Solution : Say: “fraction”, “3 x-ray square”, “plus 3 x-ray”, “over”,“8 x-ray square plus 7”, “move out”, “plus”, “fraction”,“5 x-ray square plus 3”, “over”, “2 x-ray square”, “plus x-ray”,“plus 7”, “move out”, “simplify”.

You’ll get: 3x2!3x8x2!7

! 5x2!32x2!x!7

" 46x4!9x3!83x2!21x!218x2!7 2x2!x!7

Problem 3: Solve the following equation x3 ! x2 ! x ! 1 " 0.

Solution : Say “x-ray cube”, “minus”, “x-ray square”, “plus x-ray”,“minus one”, “equals zero”, “solve”

You’ll get: x3 ! x2 ! x ! 1 " 0, Solution is: 1,!i, i

49

Problem 4: Solve the following linear system:x ! y ! 2z " 1

2x ! 4y ! z " 02y ! 3z " !1

Solution : Say: “3 by 3 system”, “x-ray plus yankee”, “minus2 zulu”, “equals one”, “tab key”, “2 x-ray minus 4 yankee”,“plus zulu”, “equals zero”, “tab key”, “2 yankee minus 3 zulu”,“equals minus one”, “solve exact”.

You’ll get:x ! y ! 2z " 1

2x ! 4y ! z " 02y ! 3z " !1

, Solution is: x " 178 ,y " 11

8 , z " 54

Problem 5: Evaluate $!%

% e!t2 dt.Note: We did this the hard way in Example 3. Now we’ll do it the easy way.

Solution : Say “integral with joint scripts”, “limits minus infinity to infinity”,“echo”, “exponent”, “minus”, “tango square”, “move out*”, “delta tango”,“evaluate”.

You’ll get : $!%

% e!t2 dt " ! I told you it was the easy way!

*You can also say “end exponent” here.REMARK: In the following examples, a dialog box will open in the process. You’ll

have no trouble knowing what to say, since the choices will be on the screen in front of you.However, in dialog boxes, when entering English letters you must use the InternationalAlphabet!!

Problem 6: Use integration by parts to find $ x sin 2x dx.

Solution : Say “integral”, “x-ray”, “sine”, “2 x-ray”, “delta x-ray”, “integrateby parts”, “x-ray”, “ ok”, “evaluate”.

You’ll get: $ x sin 2xdx " ! 12 xcos2x ! $ ! 1

2 cos2x dx "12 cosx sinx ! $0dx ! 1

2 xcos2x " 12 cosx sinx ! 1

2 xcos2x

50

Problem 7: a) Find the exact general solution to the ODEy $ ! 1

x y " cosx.b) Use the series method to find the general solution to the ODE

y $$ ! xy $ ! y " sinx.

Solution : a) Say: “yankee prime”, “plus”, “1 over x-ray”, “yankee”,“equals”, “cosine x-ray”, “solve oscar delta echo”, “x-ray”, “ok”.

You’ll get: y $ ! 1x y " cosx, Exact solution is: ! 1

x !C4 ! cosx ! x sinx"

b) Say: “yankee double prime”, “plus x-ray”, “yankeeprime”, “plus yankee”, “equals”, “sine x-ray”, “series solution”,“x-ray”, “ok”.

You’ll get: y $$ ! xy $ ! y " sinx, Series solution is:y!0" ! xy $!0" ! 1

2 x2y!0" ! x3 ! 1

3 y$!0" ! 1

6 ! 18 x

4y!0" ! O!x5"

Note: You can get the solution to as many terms as you want by saying “changeseries order” and entering the order you desire.

Problem 8: a) Generate 9 values of a normal, mean 1, variance 4 (i.e., N(1,4)),random variable.(Remember, variance 4 implies that the standarddeviation is 2.)

b) Calculate the sample mean, median, standard deviation and varianceof this data.

c) Find the following z-values from a N(0,1): Z.1,Z.05,Z.025,Z.01.

Solutions : a) Say “random numbers”, “9”, “normal”, “one”, “tab”,“two”, “ok”.

We got (you’ll get something different):1. 248 3, 4. 646 4,!. 263 19,!3. 659 2,!2. 910 2,!. 627 62, 4. 727 8, 4. 919, 2. 037 3

b) For each of the following commands position the cursor in the dataor immediately at it’s end, and say “sample mean”, “samplemedian”, “sample standard deviation”, “sample variance”.

Note: Here you will need to move the cursor to the proper position before you say thenext command. This can be done by keyboard, mouse, or voice.

We got (you’ll get something different):Variance(s): 10. 599, Standard deviation(s): 3. 255 6, Mean(s): 1. 124 3,Median(s): 1. 124 3

Actually, you will not get the same numbers, since they are random. You will get

51

similar numbers along with the corresponding sample mean, median, std. dev.,variance.

Solution : c) Say “zulu point one”, “comma”, zulu point zero five”, “comma”,“zulu point zero two five”,“comma”, “zulu point zero one”.

You’ll get: z.1 " 1. 282, z.05 " 1. 645, z.025 " 1. 960, z.01 " 2. 326

Problem 9: Matrix example. Here you can enter any matrix you want bysaying “matrix”, or “bracket matrix” if you want brackets rather than parens. When thedialog box comes up, answer the questions. To get the matrix below, we said “bracketmatrix”, “4”, “columns”, “4”, “ok” and then entered the numbers, moving from cell to cellby saying “tab key”. Each time with the cursor in or directly following the matrix,say “positive definite”, “matrix determinant”, “matrix inverse”.

You’ll get:

6 2 2 22 2 1 12 1 2 12 1 1 2

, inverse:

13 ! 1

6 ! 16 ! 1

6

! 16

56 ! 1

6 ! 16

! 16 ! 1

656 ! 1

6

! 16 ! 1

6 ! 16

56

, determinant: 12 is positive definite

You can get most any characteristic of a matrix that you want by saying “matrix menu”and then saying the property listed on the menu. For example, for the matrix below place thecursor in or directly behind the matrix and say “matrix menu”, “eigenvalues”. Place thecursor back in the matrix and say “matrix menu”, “characteristic polynomial”. You’ll get

4 2 22 2 12 1 2

, characteristic polynomial: X3 ! 8X2 ! 11X ! 4,

eigenvalues: 1, 72 ! 1

2 33 , 12 33 ! 7

2Note: After each command, you will have to place the cursor in the matrix. Also, you

must say “matrix menu” to see what your options are. This will bring up the matrix menuand you can say anything on the menu.

REMARK: Using Help. You can get the Help Menu by saying “help”. You can moveto any subtopic in Help by saying the name of the subtopic. For example, if you want to

52

search, say “search”. When you get to where you want to be, either spell in the search words(using the International Alphabet), or dictate the search words. You can, of course, typefrom the keyboard.

Problem 10: Find the first four derivatives of ex2 .

REMARK: If you have previously defined x or y, say “clear definitions” before youdo this example. If you don’t know if you already have x and y defined, say “showdefinitions”.

Solution : Say: “yankee”, “equals echo”, “exponent”, “x-ray square”, “move out”,“define equal”, “next line”, “first derivative”, “evaluate”, “next line”, “secondderivative”, “evaluate”, “next line”, “third derivative”, “evaluate”, “next line”, “fourthderivative”, “evaluate”.

You’ll get:y " ex2

dydx " 2xex2

d2ydx2 " 2ex2

! 4x2ex2

d3ydx3 " 12xex2

! 8x3ex2

d4ydx4 " 12ex2

! 48x2ex2! 16x4ex2

Remark: Say “clear definitions” NOW! If you fail to clear the definitions, thegraphing in the next section will not always work since y will still be defined as y " ex2 .

53

Graphing by Voice Commands* MuPad is the computation engine used for these computations.Example 5: Graphing by voice in Scientific Notebook.In graphing functions and data, MathTalk employs the following convention:

1. 2 D graphs or data are plotted point by point if you voice a “plot” command.2. 2 D graphs or data are plotted continuously (i.e. connected lines) if you voice

a “graph” command.3. 3 D graphs are plotted the same whether you ‘plot’ or ‘graph’.

For example if you say “plot data”, “plot points”, or “plot this” the data or curve will beplotted point-wise. If you say “graph this” or “graph data”, the data will be plotted as acontinuous curve. The commands “plot data”, “plot this”, and “graph this” are by defaultalways 2 D rectangular coordinates.

Setting the range

For a graph or a plot to be useful, it must be plotted over the range of interest. AlthoughScientific Notebook selects a default range that is often the appropriate range, this is notalways the case. Therefore, at times you will need to change the range. This is done in PlotProperties. In the examples below, we will demonstrate how to change the range and how toreset other plot properties.

Before we begin graphing, we need to set some defaults for 3d graphs to make our graphsmore understandable. We will first set the color at Z (greyscale) and the surface at mesh. Inthe last part of this example, we will show you how you can change those settings.

Say: “tools”, “computation setup”, “three d plot”, “surface mesh”, “drop list”.

Now using the “move down 1” command, and/or “move up 1” command, scrollto “mesh”.Then

Say: “directional shading”, “drop list”.

Again, using the “move up/down” commands, scroll to Z greyscale. Now

Say: “ok”, “ok”.

Graphing defined functions

Graph y " x and y " x2 on the same graph. Use rectangular coordinates.

a) Say “x-ray”, “add expresssion”. In the Items Plotted dialog box, say“x-ray squared”, “click OK” .

54

You’ll get

x

52.50-2.5-5

25

20

15

10

5

0

-5x

y

x

y

REMARK: You must be in Math Mode (i.e. the “red M”) when saying anyequation or graph command. Saying “next line” will accomplish this.REMARK: If instead you said “x-ray”, “add plot expresssion”, and then in the ItemsPlotted dialog box said “x-ray squared”, “click OK”, you would get

x

52.50-2.5-5

25

20

15

10

5

0

-5x

y

x

y

b) Graph r " 1 ! cos" in polar coordinates.

Say: “one”, “minus”, “cosine theta”, “graph polar”.

55

You’ll get:

1 ! cos"

0-0.5-1-1.5-2

1

0.5

0

-0.5

-1

x

y

x

y

c) Graph x sin 1x , x, ! x on the same graph.

Say: “x-ray”, “sine”, “one over x-ray”, “add expressiosn”. In the Items Plotteddialog box, say “x-ray”, “add item”, “minus x-ray”, “click OK”.

You will get the following graph:

x sin 1x

52.50-2.5-5

5

2.5

0

-2.5

-5

x

y

x

y

In this case, our interest is in the behavior close to the origin, so we need to change the

56

range. To do this, “click” the graph. Probably the easiest way to do this is to:

Say: “mouse grid”. Then say any number that’s on the graph.Now say: “button click”. A small square will appear in the bottom right-hand corner ofthe graph. Click that square. Again, the easiest way is probably to use the mouse grid.When you click this box, the “Plot Properties” dialog box will open.

Note: The ledger names do not have a letter underlined, so you cannot use the alt key toopen them. You can, however, say the name of the ledger.

Say: “view”, (to uncheck default) “default”, “x-ray”, “minus”, “point numeral 2”,“tab key”, “point numeral 2”, “tab key”, “minus”, “point numeral 2”, “tab key”,“point numeral 2”, (while in "View" to label the graph, say “plot labels”), “ok”.

After the graph appears, click a vacant spot on the screen to remove the boxed outline.You can say “button click” to accomplish this.* Can say “move mouse right”, “stop” (when mouse is out of graph), “button click”.

Warning! Be sure you are in an open place on the screen and not on a marginsurrounding the screen. Clicking a margin may erase your graph!

You’ll get

x sin 1x

0.20.10-0.1-0.2

0.2

0.1

0

-0.1

-0.2

x

y

x

y

d) We will now plot the 3 dimensional graph of x2y3, followed by the 3d graph ofx2 sinxy ! y2 cosxy. For the second graph, we will go to “Plot Properties”and install the following settings: (We’ll tell you below how to install them.)

1. Set the range of x and y as !3. 14 to 3. 14.

57

2. Set the range of z at !25 to 25.

3. Set the shading at Z (hue).

4. Set the surface mesh at “mesh”.

5. Set the surface style at Color Patch.

Here is the dialog to accomplish all of this! First, say “next line” to start ona new line and

Say: “x-ray square”, “yankee cube”, “3 delta graph”.You should get

x2y3

5 2.5 0 -2.5 -552.50-2.5-5

2500

1250

0

-1250

-2500

x y

z

x y

z

Say: “next line”, “x-ray square”, “sine x-ray”, “yankee”, “plus”, “yankeesquare”, “cosine”, “x-ray yankee”, “3 delta graph”.

58

You should get

x2 sinxy ! y2 cosxy

5 2.5 0 -2.5 -5

52.50-2.5-5

25

12.5

0

-12.5

-25

x y

z

x y

z

Now we want to change the range and the color scheme. To do this we need to place thecursor on the graph and say “button click”. You can do this by mouse commands. ( If youuse the mouse grid, some delay can occur due to replotting of the graph. If this happens justsay “button click” again.)

Repeat the procedure to click the small box on the lower right-hand corner of the graph.Since the box is small, it is probably best to use the mouse grid here. When you do this, thePlot Properties dialog box will open.

Say: “View”, “default”, “x-ray”, “minus 3.14”, “tab key”, “3.14”, “tab key,“minus 3.14”, “tab key”, “3.14”, “tab key”, “minus 25”, “tab key”, “25”,(while in "View" to label the graph, say “plot labels”).Then say “items plotted”, “directional shading”, “drop list”.

Now scroll up or down to “Z hue” by using the “up/down one” commands.

Say: “surface mesh”, “drop list”. As before, scroll up or down to “mesh”.

Say: “surface style”, “drop list”. Scroll again to “color patch”.

Then say: “ok”. Be sure the mouse is not on the margin or when you click thescreen you will lose your graph! Now click an open space on the screen to remove theboxed frame.

59

The result should be:

x2 sinxy ! y2 cosxy

2.5 1.25 0 -1.25 -2.5

2.51.250-1.25-2.5

10

5

0

-5

-10

x y

z

x y

z

Plotting Data and Curve Fitting

Note: In several cases, a command will open a dialog box. In such cases, youshould wait for the dialogue to appear before issuing the next command.

In this example, we demonstrate how to plot data and fit a curve to it by voice usingScientific Notebook. We also want to compare the plotted graph with the fitted graph byplacing them side by side. Currently the default for graphs is probably set at “Displayed”.To put the graphs side by side, we need to change that to “in line”. To do thissay “Tools”, “computation setup”, “plot layout”, “in line”, “ok” (All of these choices willbe in front of you on the menu. Also, this will make the default “in line” until you change it.)

Now, to enter the data, say “next line” and “enter data”. You’ll get a dialog box.Since we are going to put in 5 data pairs say “5”, (* if columns is a number different than2, say “columns”, “2” before saying) “ok”. A matrix will appear with the cursor in theupper left hand corner.

Say: “zero”, “tab”, “6”, “tab”, “1”, “tab”, “point numeral 1”, “tab”, “2”, “tab”,“minus 3”, “tab”, “3”, “tab”, “2”, “tab”, “4”, “tab”, “8”.You will have now have created the data matrix shown below. To plot the data,say: “graph this”.

60

You’ll get

0 61 . 12 !33 24 8

43.753.53.2532.752.52.2521.751.51.2510.750.50.250

7.5

6.25

5

3.75

2.5

1.25

0

-1.25

-2.5

x

y

x

y

Now say “fit polynomial”. When the dialog box opens, say “last column”,“polynomial of degree”, “tab key”, “2”, “ok”. Then say, “graph polynomial”.Note: In the dialog box you are just reading the proper choices from the menu. If they

are already checked correctly, you can just say “OK”. If some of the boxes are checkedcorrectly, just say the ones you want to change. For example, if “last column” is alreadychecked, but “polynomial of degree” is not, just start the dialog with “polynomial of degree”,etc.

You’ll get:

0 61 . 12 !33 24 8

, Polynomial fit: y ! 2. 278 6x2 ! 8. 524 3x " 5. 997 1

61

52.50-2.5-5

100

75

50

25

0

x

y

x

y

43.753.53.2532.752.52.2521.751.51.2510.750.50.250

7.5

6.25

5

3.75

2.5

1.25

0

-1.25

-2.5

x

y

x

y

(You may choose to say “fifty percent” if all does not fit on the screen.)

We still have a problem!

These graphs are not really comparable since the y range in the first is about 16 times therange of the second graph. We can however fix that as follows. First use the mouse grid toclick on the graph on the left and repeat the process to click on the box in the lower righthand corner. When the dialog box opens say: “view”, “default”,“x-ray”, “zero”, “tabkey”, “4”, “tab key”,“minus 3”, “tab key”,“8”, “ok”.

Then click on an open place on the screen to take the graph out of the editing box.

Warning! Be sure you are in an open place on the screen and not on a margin

62

surrounding the screen. Clicking a margin may erase your graph!

You’ll get

0 61 . 12 !33 24 8


43210

7.5

5

2.5

0

-2.5

x

y

x

y

43.753.53.2532.752.52.2521.751.51.2510.750.50.250

7.5

6.25

5

3.75

2.5

1.25

0

-1.25

-2.5

x

y

x

y

Now you’re finished but lets do it again another way. Instead of “graph this”, we’ll say“plot this”. Suppose that we have already entered the data so that we have

0 61 . 12 !33 24 8

Again with the cursor in the data say “fit polynomial” and answer the dialog box asbefore. You will get:

0 61 . 12 !33 24 8


Now say “overlay polynomial”. You will get:

63

0 61 . 12 !33 24 8

52.50-2.5-5

100

75

50

25

0

x

y

x

y

Polynomial fit: y ! 2. 278 6x2 ! 8. 524 3x " 5. 997 1

Now click the graph as before and set the range as before to get the final result with thecurve fit graphed along with the plotted data :

0 61 . 12 !33 24 8

43210

7.5

5

2.5

0

-2.5

x

y

x

y

Polynomial fit: y ! 2. 278 6x2 ! 8. 524 3x " 5. 997 1

64

Fitting and graphing a regression line

You can fit a regression line with any number of dependent variables . You can also fitand graph a regression line with independent variable x as shown in the graph below.You may want to reset the range after you plot this.

1 22 43 44 35 66 87 108 99 7

10 12

107.552.50

100

75

50

25

0

x

y

x

y

Regression is: y ! 5355 x "

65

Here’s how you do it (2 D example):1. On a new line, beginning at the left margin, enter the data by saying “enter data”. In

order to fit a regression line with independent variable x, and dependent variable y, ScientificNotebook requires you to place an x in the first data cell and a y in the second cell of the firstline. If you have already entered the data and did not do that, you must put the cursoranywhere in the data and say “insert x-ray yankee”. The columns will then be labeledautomatically.

2. After you have the data entered and labeled as described in step 1, with the cursoranywhere in the data, say “fit regression line”. Here is what you will see if you use the dataset listed here.

65

x y1 22 43 44 35 66 87 108 99 7

10 12

, Regression is: y ! 5355 x "

65

3. Now say “graph regression line”. You will get

1 22 43 44 35 66 87 108 99 7

10 12

107.552.50

100

75

50

25

0

x

y

x

y

Regression is: y ! 5355 x "

65

REMARK: The appearance of the graph will vary according to the range you select forx and y. Note that the labels x y at the top of the two columns have been removed. This isbecause, contrary to the case of fitting a regression line, Scientific Notebook does not allowthe first two elements to be letters when graphing data. Therefore the command “graphregression line” removes those labels so that the data and the line can be plotted. To use

66

the command “graph regression line” you must begin a new line and enter the data atthe left most position of the page!

REPEATING Can’t Remember What To Say?

If you can’t remember what to say, remember the “go to” commands to view stand alonecommands. For example, if you wish to view commands beginning with the letter “s”, say“go to sierra commands” will take you into the Pictionary to the commands that begin withthe letter “s”. Using the International Alphabet, say “go to and the letter commands” toview commands beginning with that letter in the Pictionary. Saying “pictionary search”will take you to other “go to” commands for searches such as commands beginning with“integral” which would be accessed by saying “go to integral commands”.

Saving, Print Preview and Printing

If you would like to save your work, just say “save this” and give it a name. Normallyyou will want to preview you work before you print it. To do so say “print preview”. Thiswill take you to the first page of the document in print preview. From page 1 in printpreview, you can go to any page you want to review by saying “preview x”, where x is anynumber 2 thru 15. For example, if you want to preview page 10, say “printpreview”, “preview 10”. If you want to preview a page number greater than 15 you cansay “preview 15” and then say preview x, where x-1 is the number of pages you need tomove forward. For example, if you want to preview page 20, say “print preview”, “preview15”, “preview 6”. Once you are satisfied, return to your document and print it bysaying “print this”.

Inserting a Value In a Formula

You may often want to evaluate mathematical expressions at a given value. The nexttwo examples demonstrate how to do that. Now, suppose that you wish to evaluate theexpression

y ! x2 sinx " xcosxx ! !

2

First, let’s write down the equation.

Say: “yankee”, “equals”, “x-ray square”, “sine x-ray”, “plus x-ray”, “cosine x-ray”.

Now move the cursor above the line that the equation is on by placing the cursor at theend of the equation and saying “insert one line”. Then say “x-ray”, “equals”, “pi over 2”,“define equal”, “move down one”, (be sure the cursor is now in or at the end of theequation) “evaluate”, “evaluate numerically”.

67

Here’s what you should get:

x ! !2

y ! x2 sinx " xcosx ! 14 !

2 ! 2. 467 4

Now suppose that you also want the equation at !4 . Move the cursor to the end of the

equation (if cursor is at end of the line, say “move left 17” which places the cursor aftery ! x2 sinx " xcosx ) and say “select to beginning of line”, “copy this”, “end key”, “nextline”, “put here” (or “paste”,or “paste this”). (We are assuming the equation is on a line byitself. If not you can use the DNS command “select next/previous (number) characters”. )Now say “insert one line”, “x-ray”, “equals”, “pi over 4”, * “clear definitions”, “defineequal”, (or “new definition”) “move down one”, “evaluate”, “evaluate numerically”. *Now don’t forget to clear the definitions. Say “clear definitions”.

x ! !2

y ! x2 sinx " xcosx ! 14 !

2 ! 2. 467 4x ! !

4y ! x2 sinx " xcosx ! 1

8 ! 2 " 132 !

2 2 ! 0. 991 54

REMARK: You can change the number of digits displayed by saying “set digitsdisplayed”.

68

STATISTICAL MODULE

This section should be skipped by those persons that are not specifically interested insolving mathematical statistics problems. For those who choose to cover this section, thesupervision of a statistics instructor may be helpful.

MathTalk has several voice commands designed to allow you to do basic mathematicalstatistics problems by voice. In particular, one can test hypotheses, find confidence intervals,find p-values, and determine z and t-values. Additionally, voice commands are included todetermine critical values for Normal !",#2", Standard Normal, (i.e., N(0,1)), student-t, chisquare, and F distributions.

Moreover, for any given !a, b", P#a " X " b$ ,P#X " a$ and P#X # a$ are calculated oncommand for the normal !",#2", standard normal, t,$2, uniform, binomial, and Fdistributions. No graphing capabilities are included specifically for statistics. Before you tryany of the examples below, clear the definitions by saying “clear definitions”.

Remark: The letter “Z” is used to denote a Standard Normal random variable. The lowercase “z” is used for a value of Z or the z-statistic

Remark: To use the statistical command training module - say, “train statistics”.

Example 6

Given x ! 3. 2, " ! 2, # ! 3, and n ! 25, find the z-statistic

z ! !m!"" n# , where m ! x .

and calculatea) P#!z " Z " z$b) P#Z # z$c) The p-value (for a one sided test assuming p-value ". 5".

REMARK: All p-values are for one sided test. For a two sided test just double them.Now start a new line and find z.

Say: “next line”, “zulu statistic”.You should get: z ! !m!"" n

#

To enter the values of m (rememberm ! x ), ",n, with the cursor at the end or in theequation say “insert 1 line”, “mike”, “equals”, “3 point 2”, “define equal”, “next line,“mu”, “equals 2”, “define equal”, “next line”, “november”, “equals twenty five”,“define equal”, “next line”, “sigma”, “equals 3”, “define equal”, “move down 1”, (Thecursor should now be on the same line as z and the z equation should be on a line by itself.)“evaluate numerically”.

69

You should getm ! 3. 2" ! 2n ! 25# ! 3z ! !m!"" n

# ! 2. 0

REMARK: These values of m,",n, and, #will remain defined at these values until youeither redefine them or clear definitions.

a) To find P#!z " Z " z$, we use the command [standard normal probability]. Thiscommand writes the general expression for P#a " Z " b$ for the Standard Normal randomvariable, Z. That is say “standard normal probability” to get

P#a " Z " b$ ! 12!

$a

b e! 12 t

2dt

In general, to calculate P#a " X " b$ for a given random variable X, say the name of thedistribution followed by the word “probability”. That is, for the T random variable,say“tango probability” to get

P#a " X " b$ !#! %"1

2 "

%! #! %2 "$a

b1 " t2

%! %"1

2 dt,

and say “normal probability” to getP#a " X " b|",#$ ! 1

2! #$a

bexp%! 1

2&#2 !t ! ""2'dt.

Do not be disturbed if you do not understand the symbols on the screen. They simplyrepresent a mathematical formulation for calculating an area under the given probabilitydensity curve.

Now let’s continue with solving the problem at hand. We have calculated that z ! 2 andwe wish to find P#!z " Z " z$. Note that, here we want the Standardized Normal.

Say: “standard normal probability” to get

P#a " Z " b$ ! 12!

$a

b e! 12 t

2dt

With the cursor in or directly following the equationSay: “insert 1 line”, “alpha”, “equals minus 2”, “define equal”, “next line”,“bravo”, “equals 2”, “define equal”, “move down 1”, “evaluate numerically”

You should get:a ! !2b ! 2

P#a " Z " b$ ! 12!$a

be! 1

2 t2d t ! 0. 398 94!numeric" $

!2

b e! 12 t

2 dt

To calculate probabilities such as P#Z # 2$ or P#Z " 2$, proceed as follows.

70

b) To find the P#Z # 2$, Say: “next line”, “alpha”, “equals 2”, “new definition” (ordefine equal), “new line”, “probability zulu greater than or equal toalpha”, “evaluate numerically”.

You should get:a ! 2P#Z # a$ ! 1

2!$a

%e! 1

2 t2dt ! 0. 022 75

c) Now to obtain the p-value for this problem, say “standard normal papa value” or“normal papa value”. You will obtain

p value ! 12!

$|z |

% e! 12 t

2dt

This expression is simply the mathematical formula for the p-value for a StandardNormal random variable. You need not understand the formula. You do need to tell it thevalue of z. You have just calculated that z ! 2. This is the value of z needed for the pvalue. Although you calculated z, you have never defined z ! 2. So now, with the cursoron the line with the equation,

Say: “insert 1 line”, “zulu”, “equals 2”, “define equal”, “move down 1”, “evaluatenumerically”

z ! 2p value ! 1

2!$

|z |

%e! 1

2 t2dt ! 0. 022 75

Unless you have some definitions that you don’t want to clear, now clear the definitionsby saying “clear definitions”.

You can also calculate probabilities of the form P#X " a$, P#X # a$ for the Binomial,Chi Square, F, Normal, Standard Normal, T, and Uniform distributions. In the case of thebinomial you can also calculate P#X ! a$. This can be accomplished as follows:

For the Binomial:

Say “probability binomialless than or equal to

orequal or less than

alpha” to get

P#X " a|n,&$ ! &k!0

an!

k!!n!k"! & &k!1 ! &"n!k

Say “probability binomialgreater than or equal to

orequal or greater than

alpha" to get

P#X # a|n,&$ ! &k!a

nn!

k!!n!k"! & &k!1 ! &"n!k

Say “probability binomial equals alpha” to getP#X ! a|&,n$ ! n!

a!!n!a"! & &a!1 ! &"n!a

71

Say “probability binomial equals zero” to getP#X ! 0$ ! !1 ! &"n

Say “probability binomial greater than zero” to getP#X $ 0$ ! 1 ! !1 ! &"n

The Chi Square:

Say “probability chi squareless than or equal to


alpha” to get

P#X " a$ ! 12

%2 # %

2

$0

a t %2 !1e! t

2 dt

Say “probability chi squaregreater than or equal to


alpha” to get

P#X # a$ ! 12

%2 # %

2

$a

% t %2 !1e! t

2 dt

The F distribution

Say “probability foxtrotless than or equal to


alpha” to get

P#F " a|%1,%2$ !#

%1"%22

#%12 #

%22

! %1%2 "

%12 $

0

at!%1!2"

2

1" %1%2

t!%1"%2 "

2

dt

Say “probability foxtrotgreater than or equal to


alpha” to get

P#F # a|%1,%2$ !#

%1"%22

#%12 #

%22

! %1%2 "

%12 $

a

%t!%1!2"

2

1" %1%2

t!%1"%2 "

2

dt

The Normal distribution

Say “probability normalless than or equal to


alpha” to get

P#X " a |",#$ ! 12! #

$!%

aexp%! 1

2&#2 !t ! ""2'dt

72

Say “probability normalgreater than or equal to


alpha” to get

P#X # a |",#$ ! 12! #

$a

%exp%! 1

2&#2 !t ! ""2'dt

The Standard Normal distributionIt is customary to refer to a Standard Normal random variable as a Z random variable or

a Z statistic. As we have done previously, we will use the letter Z when referring to aStandard Normal random variable.

Say “probability zululess than or equal to


alpha"to get

P#Z " a$ ! 12!

$!%

a e! 12 t

2dt

Say “probability zulugreater than or equal to


alpha” to get

P#Z # a$ ! 12!

$a

% e! 12 t

2dt

T, and Uniform distributionsFor the T and Uniform distributions to get P#X " a$ or P#X # a$, insert the proper

distribution name and proceed just as in the Chi Square, F and Normal distributions.

Example 7

Let X be the number of “ones” in ten tosses of a fair die (X is therefore a Binomialrandom variable.). Find the probability X ! 2, i.e. P#X ! 2$.

Say “probability binomial equals alpha” and you will get:P#X ! a|&,n$ ! n!

a!!n!a"! & &a!1 ! &"n!a

Say: “insert 1 line”, “alpha”, “equals 2”, “define equal”, “next line”, “theta”,“equals”, “1 over 6”, “define equal”, “next line”, “november”, “equals 10”,“define equal”, “move down 1”, “evaluate numerically” .

You should get:a ! 2& ! 1

6n ! 10P#X ! a|&,n$ ! n!

a!!n!a"! & &a!1 ! &"n!a ! 0. 290 71

73

Note: If you want P#X " 2|&,n$, you proceed the same way, except you begin bysaying “probability binomial equal or less than alpha”.

Example 8

Given the 8 data values 2. 37, . 77, 1. 10, 3. 65, 2. 50, 2. 38, 3. 66,!1. 48 , from a normaldistribution, find the observed t-value under the assumption " ! 0.

After you have entered the data, with the cursor in or directly at the end of the data,say “sample mean”.

You’ll get: Mean(s): 1. 868. Now move the cursor back into the data, and say “samplesierra delta”.

You will get: Standard deviation(s): 1. 703 .

You can now calculate the t-statistic (or t-value). To do so, go to a new line and say “tstatistic”.

You’ll get: t ! !m!"" ns . Remark: remember x ! m.

Say: “insert 1 line”, “mike”, “equals”, “one point eight six eight”, “define equal”,“next line”, “sierra”, “equals”, “one point seven zero 3”, “define equal”,“next line”, “mu”, “equals zero”, “define equal”, “next line”, “november”,“equals 8”, “define equal”, “move down 1”, “evaluate numerically”.

You should get:m ! 1. 868s ! 1. 703" ! 0n ! 8t ! !m!"" n

s ! 3. 102 5

Say “clear definitions”.

Example 9

a) Find the Z-value so that the area under a standard normal curve to its right is .025.

Solution:Say “zulu point zero two five”. You’ll get : z .025 ! 1. 960.You can use this method for Z.1,Z.05,Z.025 and Z.01.

For Z in general, you must proceed as follows:Say: “next line”, “zulu critical value”You will get:

12!

$z

% e! 12 t

2dt

74

Don’t let it bother you if you do not understand the symbols on the screen. They simplyrepresent a mathematical formulation for calculating an area under the standard normalcurve. Now, let’s suppose you want to know the Z.2, i.e., the point such that the area under astandard normal curve to the right of Z is . 2. Now say “equals”, “point”, “ 2”. You will seethe following on the screen:

12!

$z

% e! 12 t

2dt !. 2

Now say “solve numerically”. You will get:

12!

$z

% e! 12 t

2dt !. 2, Solution is: %#z ! 0. 841 62$'

b) Now find t .025!7", i.e., the value of a t statistic with 7 degrees of freedom such thatthe area to its right is .025.

Solution: Say “tango critical value”. You will get

#! %"12 "

%! #! %2 "$t

%1 " u2

%! %"1

2 du

Say: “equals”, “point zero two five”. Now say “insert 1 line”, “degrees of freedom”,“equals 7”, “define equal”, “move down 1”, “solve numerically”. You’ll get

% ! 7#! %"1

2 "

%! #! %2 "$t

%1 " u2

%! %"1

2 du !. 025, Solution is: %#t ! 2. 364 6$'

Example 10

This example uses the data from Example 8.a) Find a 95% confidence interval (CI) for " if it is known that # ! 2.

Solution: Say “next line”, “normal confidence interval for mu”. You will getCI ! m ! z #

n,m " z #

n

You must now insert the values of m, z,#, and n.Say: “insert 1 line”, “mike”, “equals”, “one point eight six eight”, “define equal”,next line”, “zulu”, “equals”, “one point nine six”, “define equal”, next line”,“sigma”, “equals 2”, “define equal”, next line”, “november”,“equals 8”, “define equal”, “move down 1”, “evaluate numerically”

m ! 1. 868z ! 1. 96# ! 2n ! 8CI ! m ! z #

n,m " z #

n! 0. 482 07 3. 253 9

75

b) Find a 95% confidence interval for " if # is not known.

Solution: Here you need the t-distribution, so say “next line”, “tango confidenceinterval for mu”. Again, you will have to enter the values of the variables. The value of trequired here is the t critical value you computed in Example 9. If you needed to compute it,you would need to compute it on a separate line and then enter it in the CI as we did in part(a) of this example. Now enter all the unknowns, i.e.,

t ! 2. 365 (Computed in Example 9)s ! 1. 703 (Computed in Example 8)m ! 1. 868 (Computed in Example 8)n ! 8

in the same manner as in part (a). To be safe begin by saying “clear definitions”.

Remark: You do not have to say “insert 1 line”. However it seems more logical to placethe values of the parameters before the equation, rather than after it. You can, however,define the value of the parameter either place so long as you say “define equal” before yousay “evaluate numerically”.

If you do everything right you will get the following:t ! 2. 365s ! 1. 703m ! 1. 868n ! 8CI ! m ! t s

n,m " t s

n! 0. 444 03 3. 292 0

TRANSLATING MATH INTO BRAILLEusing the Duxbury Braille Translator 10.5 +

*You may view a 'math to Braille' demo on the MathTalk Demo CD.

1. Create math in ScientificNotebook by voice and/or keyboarding.

2. Save the math as a .tex file in c:\Program Files\ScientificNotebook\ docs bysaying “save math as”, voice or type the name, then “save”.

3. Next say, “math to braille” which will open the Duxbury Braille Translator andbring up the “open file” dialog box in c:\Program Files\ScientificNotebook\ docs.

4. Now select the file you wish to open. You may either a) voice the name of fileand then say “open that” or b) click on the file, then use combinations of clickingand voicing to open that file in Duxbury.

5. The file is now open in the Duxbury Braille Translator. Say “translate to Braille”.

76

To emboss, say “emboss this”. Unless connected to an embosser, now say “cancel”.

6. To close file and exit translator, say “close file”, “discard”, “exit translator”.

Available voice commands with in the Duxbury Braille Translator:“translate to Braille”“emboss this”“close file”“discard”“exit translator”“open math” -when already in Duxbury may be used to open an additional file

77

user

Typewritten Text

user

Typewritten Text

user

Typewritten Text

user

Typewritten Text

user

Typewritten Text

HELP DOCUMENTS

MATHTALK LEARNING MODULE (c)

The MathTalk Learning Module is designed to quickly familiarize the user with thefeatures of MathTalk.

HELPFUL DEFINITIONS:

Pictionary -a list of the names of stand alone commands and the actions they accomplish.

Tutorial - examples and explanations of use of commands.Sentence Commands - allows the user to voice more than one expression at a time.

An example of this would be to say “square root of twenty”. This particular commandallows you to say any root (from square to ninth) of any number (1 through 20) or ofany letter (a through z, including caps) or any greek letter (including caps)!

Variable List - list of variables for use in Sentence Commands.Training Modules - training for Pre-Algebra, Algebra, Calculus, Trig, Statistics.

This program contains the following learning features:

1) Manual /Tutorial2) Pictionary3) Learning Assistance Module which is comprised of

a. Video demonstrations – See CD video demob. Direct online access to available Sentence Commands, Variable Lists, stand alone

commands in Pictionary, and Manual/Tutorial search Learning Assistance Programavailable by a single voice command. Just say “mathtalk learning module” for alist of commands to access video demos, access to lists of sentence commands andtheir variables, stand alone commands in the Pictionary, and Training Modules.

* The MathTalk documents were created in ScientificNotebook. There will be some spacing and justification differences.

1

TO VIEW: YOU SAY

COMMAND INFORMATIONSentence Command Examples sentence command examples

Sentence and Dialog Box Variables variable menu

Manual/Tutorial Topics tutorial search

Pictionary Search - Stand Alone Commands pictionary search

Statistics statistics commands

HELP TOPICSCommand Training Modules

(pre-algebra, algebra, calculus, trig, stat) training modules

International Alphabet international alphabet

How to Replace a Letter or Symbol replace help

Scientific Notebook Help scientific notebook help

Trouble Shooting trouble shooting

ADDITIONAL FEATURESTranslating Math to Braille translate to Braille

(see Tutorial section, pages 76-77 of this manual)

Technical Support technical support

VIDEOS (see Demo CD Video)

Adding Text to MathTalk

Quick Reference Laminate

Training MathTalk

Replace Video- How to Replace a Letter or Symbol

Math to Braille

and examples of Pre-Algebra, Algebra, Trig, Calculus, Statistics, Graphing, etc.

2

REPLACE A LETTER OR SYMBOL (c)

This command allows you to replace symbols with different symbols. For example, if yousay “quadratic equation”, you will get ax2 ! bx ! c " 0. If you want az2 ! bz ! c " 0, you canjust change the x to a z manually. Or you can position the cursor at the beginning of the

math expression. Then move the cursor to the immediate left of the first x in that mathexpression by saying “move right ? spaces”. Now say “replace next character” whichwill 1) highlight the first x, 2) open the Replace Dialog Box placing the x in “Search for”, and3) place the cursor in “Replace with” position. Now place z in the “Replace with” box bysaying “zulu”. Say “find next”, “replace”, “yes”and then “end replace”. And you will get

az2 ! bz ! c " 0.

Be sure “whole words only is not checked!!

If you wish to replace the next two characters in a math expression, position the cursor tothe immediate left of the two characters, say “replace next two characters”, and followstep 2 above.

Special Note: When the last character(s) to be replaced is selected, say “end replace”.See the following example.

Suppose that you wish to change the x in the equation

!a ! x"n " an ! nan!1x ! n!n!1"2! an!2x2 ! # ! xn to #. Note there are four x’s in this expression.

First place the cursor at the immediate left of the first x (i.e. left most x) in that expression.Now say “replace next character” which will 1) highlight the first x, 2) open the ReplaceDialog Box placing the x in “Search for”, and 3) place the cursor in “Replace with” position.

Now place # in the “Replace with” box by saying “cap greek delta”. Say “find next”,“replace”, “yes”, “replace” , “replace” and then “end replace”. (Again saying, “replace” iscontinued like until the last x that you want to replace is selected. Then with that x stillselected, say “end replace”.)

The result: !a ! #"n " an ! nan!1# !n!n!1"

2! an!2#2 ! # ! #n

Of course, if you wanted to replace all of the x’s to the end of the document with #, youwould just say “replace all” to start with.

To exit this document, SAY, “close file”.

For a video demonstration, see the CD video demo.

3

TUTORIAL SEARCH (c)

TO VIEW A TUTORIAL TOPIC ON: YOU SAY(listed in order of appearance in the Tutorial)

Helpful Definitions helpful definitions

MathTalk For Pre-Algebra prealgebra mathtalk

MathTalk For Algebra mathtalk algebra

MathTalk For Trig mathtalk trig

MathTalk For Calculus mathtalk calculus

MathTalk For Statistics mathtalk statistics

Rules For Voicing Commands command rules

Improve Your Recognition improve recognition

Rules For Correcting correction rules

Rules For Correcting Video correction techniques

Editing Commands editing commands

Using The International Alphabet using international alphabet

Using The Greek Alphabet greek alphabet

Types Of Math Commands math command types

Voicing Text voice text

Alt ! letter commands letter keystroke commands

Mouse Grid grid tutorial

Align Text align text

Next Line and Enter Key Commands next line command

Move Out Command move out command

Type Face Commands type face commands

Math Entry Commands - several pages long math entry examples

( Commands are also detailed in Pictionary) pictionary search

One Line Equations By Voice example one

Type Commands example two

Display Equation example three

4

Using the Compute Feature example four

Graphing Examples example five

Statistics Example example six

Statistics Example example seven

Statistics Example example eight

Statistics Example example nine

Statistics Example example ten

Solving Problems In Compute Mode compute mode

Graphing By Voice graphing by voice

Saving, Print Preview, and Printing document information

Inserting A Value In A Formula formula value

5

LIST OF SENTENCE COMMANDS (c)

ALPHABET!Alphabet" derivative

Example: Say “mike derivative”. Get dmydxm

ANGLEangle !Greek Letter"

Example: Say “angle theta”. Get !!

angle !Greek Letter" with arcExample: Say “angle beta with arc”. Get ""

angle !Letter"angle !Letter" with arc

Example: Say “angle x-ray with arc”. Get "x

BOLDbold !Cap Letter"

Example: Say “bold cap november”. Get Nbold !Greek Letter"bold !Letter"

CAP!Cap Letter"

Example: Say “cap hotel”. Get H

Ddelta !Greek Letter"

Example: Say “delta lambda”. Get d#delta !Letter"delta !Letter" delta !Greek Letter"

Example: Say “delta yankee delta theta” . Get dyd!

delta !Letter" delta !Letter"Example: Say “delta yankee delta x-ray”. Get dy

dx

DELETEdelete next !Number 2 to 10" charactersdelete previous !Number 2 to 10" characters

DELTAdelta !Letter"

Example: Say “delta x-ray”. Get #x

DERIVATIVEderivative with respect to !Greek Letter"derivative with respect to !Letter"

6

Example: Say “derivative with respect to romeo. Get ddr

!HOrdDeriv"!HOrdDeriv" of !Letter" with respect to !Greek Letter"

Example: Say “fourth derivative of romeo with respect to theta”. Get d4rd!4

!HOrdDeriv" of !Letter" with respect to !Letter"Example: Say “second derivative of cap golf with respect to tango”. Get d2G

dt2

EXPONENTexponent !Greek Letter"exponent !Letter"exponent !Minus Letter"

Example: Say “echo”, “exponent minus x-ray”. Get e#xexponent !Minus Numbers"exponent !Numbers"exponent !Number/1 to 99" !Greek Letter"exponent !Number/1 to 99" !Letter"

FUNCTIONfunction !Letter"

Example: Say “function foxtrot” (or function foxtrot). Get f!"#.Then say “x-ray square”, “move out”. Get f!x2#

GREEK LETTER!Greek Letter"!Greek Letter" !Decor"

Example: Say “theta hat”. Get$!

!Greek Letter" !Primes"!Greek Letter" !SqCube"

Example: Say “fee cube”. Get. $3

!Greek Letter" goes to !Numbers"Example: Say “sigma goes to 5”. Get % $ 5

!Greek Letter" over !Greek Letter"

LETTER!Letter"!Letter" !Decor"

Example: Say “yankee tilde”. Get %y!Letter" !Letter"!Letter" !Primes"!Letter" !SqCube"

Example: Say “yankee cube”. Get y3

!Letter" factorialExample: Say “mike factorial”. Get m!

!Letter" goes to !Letter"!Letter" goes to !Numbers"

Example: Say “x-ray goes to zero”. Get x $ 0!Letter" minus !DigitsOnly" factorial

7

Example: Say “november minus 5 factorial”. Get !n # 5#!!Letter" minus !Letter" factorial!Letter" over !DigitsOnly"!Letter" over !Greek Letter"!Letter" over !Letter"

Example: Say “alpha over bravo”. Get ab

!Letter" over !Number1 to 99"!Letter" plus !DigitsOnly" factorial!Letter" plus !Letter" factorial!Letter" plus delta !Letter"

Example: Say “victor plus delta victor”. Get v % #v!Letter" square minus !Letter" square!Letter" square plus !Letter" square

LIMITlimit as !Greek Letter" goes to !Numbers"

Example: Say “limit as beta goes to 1”. Get"$1lim

limit as !Letter" goes to !Letter"limit as !Letter" goes to !Numbers"

Example: Say “limit as hotel goes to zero”. Geth$0lim

limit as delta !Greek Letter" goes to zerolimit as delta !Letter" goes to zero

LIMITSlimits !Greek Letter" to !Greek Letter"limits !Greek Letter" to !Letter"limits !Greek Letter" to !Numbers"limits !Letter" to !Greek Letter"

Example: Say “integral with limits”, “limits alpha to 2 pi”. Get $d

2&

limits !Letter" to !Letter"limits !Letter" to !Numbers"limits !Minus Letter" to !Greek Letter"

Example: Say “integral with limits”, “limits minus 5 to lambda”. Get $#5

l

limits !Minus Letter" to !Letter"limits !Minus Letter" to !Minus Numbers"limits !Minus Letter" to !Numbers"limits !Minus Numbers" to !Letter"limits !Minus Numbers" to !Minus Letter"limits !Minus Numbers" to !Minus Numbers"limits !Minus Numbers" to !Numbers"

Example: Say “vertical bar with limits”, “limits minus 5 to 5”. Get |#55

limits !Numbers" to !Greek Letter"limits !Numbers" to !Letter"limits !Numbers" to !Numbers"

8

LOGlog base 10 !Greek Letter"

Example: Say “log base 10 beta”. Get log"log base 10 !Letter"

Example: Say “log base 10 alpha”. Get loga

MINUS!Minus Greek Letter"

Example: Say “minus theta”. Get #!!Minus Letter"

Example: Say “minus alpha”. Get #a!Minus Numbers"

Example: Say “minus 3”. Get #3

MIXED PARTIALmixed partial of !Letter" with respect to !Greek Letter" and !Greek Letter"mixed partial of !Letter" with respect to !Letter" and !Greek Letter"mixed partial of !Letter" with respect to !Letter" and !Letter"

Example: Say “mixed partial of foxtrot with respect to x-ray and yankee”.Get %2f

%x%y

NATURAL LOGnatural log !Greek Letter"

Example: Say “natural log lambda”. Get ln#natural log !Letter"

NUMBER!Number/1 to 9" by !Number/1 to 9" bracket matrix

Example: Say “2 by 2 bracket matrix”. Get" "

" "

!Number/1 to 9" by !Number/1 to 9" determinant!Number/1 to 9" by !Number/1 to 9" matrix!Number/1 to 99"!Number/1 to 99" !Greek Letter"!Number/1 to 99" !Letter"!Number/1 to 99" over !Greek Letter"!Number/1 to 99" over !Letter"

Example: Say “4 over alpha”. Get 4a

!Number/1 to 99" over !Number/1 to 99"!Number/1 to 99" spaces!Numbers"

PARENTHESESparentheses !Greek Letter"

Example: Say “parentheses theta”. Get !!#

9

parentheses !Greek Letter" !Greek Letter"parentheses !Greek Letter" !Letter"parentheses !Letter"parentheses !Letter" !Greek Letter"parentheses !Letter" !Letter"

Example: Say “parentheses x-ray yankee”. Get !x,y#parentheses !Letter" plus !Letter"parentheses !Letter" plus delta !Letter"parentheses !Minus Letter"parentheses !Minus Numbers"parentheses !Minus Numbers" !Minus Numbers"parentheses !Minus Numbers" !Numbers"

Example: Say “parentheses minus one one”. Get !#1, 1#parentheses !Numbers"parentheses !Numbers" !Minus Numbers"parentheses !Numbers" !Numbers"

PARTIALpartial of !Letter" with respect to !Greek Letter"

Example: Say “partial of romeo with respect to theta”. Get %r%!

partial of !Letter" with respect to !Letter"Example: Say “partial of cap lima with respect to sierra”. Get %L

%spartial with respect to !Greek Letter"

Example: Say “partial with respect to omega”. Get %%'

partial with respect to !Letter"Example: Say “partial with respect to x-ray”. Get %

%x

PLUS!Plus Greek Letter"

Example: Say “plus cap greek x-ray”. Get %&Example: Say “plus omega”. Get %'

!Plus Letter"Example: Say “plus alpha”. Get %aExample: Say “plus cap hotel”. Get %H

!Plus Numbers"Example: Say “plus 6”. Get %6

ROOT!Root" root of !Greek Letter"

Example: Say “fourth root of beta”. Get 4 "!Root" root of !Letter"

Example: Say “fifth root of november”. Get 5 n!Root" root of !Numbers"

Example: Say “square root of 2”. Get 2

10

SECOND PARTIALsecond partial of !Letter" with respect to !Greek Letter"

Example: Say “second partial of hotel with respect to beta”. Get %2h%"2

second partial of !Letter" with respect to !Letter"Example: Say “second partial of yankee with respect to

whiskey”. Get %2y%w2

SQUARE ROOTSquare Root of !Greek Letter"

Example: Say “square root of fee”. Get $Square Root of !Letter"Square Root of !Numbers"

Example: Say “square root of 10”. Get 10

SUBsub !DigitsOnly"sub !DigitsOnly" !DigitsOnly"

Example: Say “lambda”, “sub one two”. Get #12sub !Letter"

Example: Say “sigma”, “sub x-ray”. Get %xsub !Letter" !Letter"

Example: Say “cap whiskey”, “sub x-ray yankee”.Get Wxy

sub !Letter" minus !DigitsOnly"sub !Letter" plus !DigitsOnly"

TRIG!Trig"

Example: Say “cosine”. Get cos!Trig" !Argument"

Example: Say “tangent squared omega”. Get tan2'!Trig" !NumArg"

Example: Say “inverse sine theta”. Get sin#1!

11

VARIABLE LISTS*Say "sample commands" to view sample list of variables used with variables.ARGUMENT LIST

ALPHABET LIST USE International Alphabeta alpha j juliette s sierrab bravo k kilo t tangoc charlie l lima u uniformd delta m mike v victore echo n november w whiskeyf foxtrot o oscar x x rayg golf p papa y yankeeh hotel q quebec z zului india r romeo

CAP ALPHABET LETTER LIST* Add ’cap’ to the International Alphabet letter in the above list.

LETTER LISTIs composed of the above two lists:ALPHABET LIST and CAP LETTER LIST.

12

GREEK LETTER LISTcap chi ' fee $ lambda #

cap fee ! gamma ( mu )

cap gamma ( greek alpha * omega '

cap greek delta # beta " pi &

cap greek x & greek delta + rho ,

cap omega ) greek eta - sigh .

cap pi * greek november / sigma %

cap sigh ' greek x-ray 0 tau 1

cap sigma + greek x 0 theta !

cap theta , greek z 2 upsilon 3

cap upsilon - greek zulu 2

chi 4 iota 5

epsilon 6 kappa 7

PLUS LETTER LIST (For caps of any listed, say “plus cap ...”.

plus alpha plus romeo plus greek novemberplus bravo plus sierra plus greek x-rayplus charlie plus tango plus greek zuluplus delta plus uniform plus iotaplus echo plus victor plus kappaplus foxtrot plus whiskey plus lambdaplus golf plus x-ray plus muplus hotel plus yankee plus omegaplus india plus zulu plus piplus juliette plus rhoplus kilo plus chi plus sighplus lima plus epsilon plus sigmaplus mike plus fee plus tauplus november plus gamma plus thetaplus oscar plus greek alpha plus upsilonplus papa plus betaplus quebec plus greek delta

13

MINUS LETTER LISTUse above list and substitute "MINUS" for "plus" in previous list.(For caps of any listed, say “minus cap ...”.

NUMBERS LIST

1 fifth 3 fourths pi over 31 fourth 3 pi over 2 pi over 41 half 3 pi over 4 pi over 61 sixth 5 pi over 6 pi1 space 5 sixths 0 (zero) thru 201 third infinity2 pi minus infinity2 thirds pi over 2

MINUS NUMBERS LISTminus 1 minus 7 minus 1 sixth minus infinityminus 2 minus 8 minus 1 third minus pi over 2minus 3 minus 9 minus 2 pi minus pi over 3minus 4 minus 1 fifth minus 3 pi over 2 minus pi over 4minus 5 minus 1 fourth minus 3 pi over 4 minus pi over 6minus 6 minus 1 half minus 5 pi over 6 minus pi

PLUS NUMBERS LISTplus 1 plus 7 plus 1 sixth plus infinityplus 2 plus 8 plus 1 third plus pi over 2plus 3 plus 9 plus 2 pi plus pi over 3plus 4 plus 1 fifth plus 3 pi over 2 plus pi over 4plus 5 plus 1 fourth plus 3 pi over 4 plus pi over 6plus 6 plus 1 half plus 5 pi over 6 plus pi

DECORATION LISTbarhattilde

14

DIGIT LIST% [plus] 1 6- [minus] 2 7-[negative] 3 8. [point] 4 90 [zero] through 9 5

HOrdDERIV LISTsecond derivativethird derivativefourth derivativefifth derivativesixth derivativeseventh derivativeeighth derivativeninth derivative

ROOT LIST SQCUBE LIST PRIME LISTcubefourthfifth

sixthseventh

eighth ninth

cubecubedsquaresquared

double primeprimetriple prime

15

TRIG LISTarc cosine cotan squared inverse cotanarc cotan cotan inverse cotangentarc cotangent cotangent squared inverse sinearc secant cotangent inverse tangentarc sine hyperbolic cosine squared secant squaredarc tan hyperbolic cosine secantarc tangent hyperbolic cotangent squared sine squarecosecant square hyperbolic cotangent sine squaredcosecant squared hyperbolic sine squared sinecosecant hyperbolic sine tan squaredcosine square hyperbolic tangent squared tangent squaredcosine squared hyperbolic tangent tangentcosine inverse cosinecosine theta

NUMARG LISTpi 7 pi pi over 22 pi 8 pi pi over 33 pi 9 pi pi over 44 pi 3 pi over 2 pi over 65 pi 3 pi over 4 numbers (zero) thru 206 pi 5 pi over 6

16

“TYPE” short word/phrases commands (c)

You say: You get: You say: You get:

type and and type is is

type as as type odd odd

type but but type on on

type cap but But type or or

type cap example Example type otherwise otherwise

type cap hence Hence type since since

type cap if If type then then

type cap let Let type thus thus

type cap let x equal Let X equal type to to

type cap now Now type variance Var

type cap so So type when when

type cap then Then type whenever whenever

type cap theorem Theorem type where where

type cap therefore Therefore

type cap thus Thus

type covariance Cov

type even even

type for all for all

type for every for every

type for for

type Hence Hence

type if and only if if and only if

type if if

type in in

17

TRIG COMMANDS (c)

SAY GET SAY GETarc cosine arccos hyperbolic cotangent cotharc cotan arccot hyperbolic sine squared sinh2

arc cotangent arccot hyperbolic sine sinharc secant arcsec hyperbolic tangent squared tanh2

arc sine arcsin hyperbolic tangent tanharc tan arctan inverse cosine cos!1

arc tangent arctan inverse cotan cot!1

cosecant squared csc2 inverse cotangent cot!1

cosecant square csc2 inverse sine sin!1

cosecant csc inverse cotangent cot!1

cosine square cos2 secant squared sec2

cosine squared cos2 secant seccosine cos sine squared sin2

cotan squared cot2 sine square sin2

cotan cot sine sincotangent squared cot2 tan squared tan2

cotangent cot tangent squared tan2

hyperbolic cosine tangent tansquared cosh2

hyperbolic cosine coshhyperbolic cotangent

squared coth2

18

STATISTIC COMMANDS FOR NATURALLYSPEAKING (c) # Denotes you MUST use the International Alphabet for letter(s).

YOU SAY YOU GET

binomial mean ! ! n ! "binomial probability P"X ! k# ! n!

k!$n!k%! ! "k$1 ! "%n!k

binomial standard deviation # ! n ! "$1 ! "%

binomial sum P"a " X " b|n,"# ! #k!a

bn!

k!$n!k%! ! "k$1 ! "%n!k

chi square critical value 12

$2 " $

2

$a

% t $2 !1e! t

2 dt

chi square probability P"a " X " b# ! 12

$2 " $

2

$a

b t $2 !1e! t

2 dt

degrees of freedom $

denominator degrees of freedom $2

# f critical value"

$1#$22

"$12 "

$22

$ $1$2 %

$12 $

a

%t$$1!2%

2

1# $1$2

t$$1#$2 %

2

dt !

# f p value p value ! P"F & a|$1,$2# !"

$1#$22

"$12 "

$22

$ $1$2 %

$12 $

a

%t$$1!2%

2

1# $1$2

t$$1#$2 %

2

dt

# f probability P"a " F " b|$1,$2# !"

$1#$22

"$12 "

$22

$ $1$2 %

$12 $

a

bt$$1!2%

2

1# $1$2

t$$1#$2 %

2

dt

greek nu sub one $1

greek nu sub two $2

mu !

normal confidence interval for mu CI ! m ! z #n

,m # z #n

normal confidence interval for the mean CI ! m ! z #n

,m # z #n

# normal p value p value ! 12%

$|z |

% e! 12 t

2dt

normal probability P"a " X " b|!,## ! 12% #

$a

bexp&! 1

2!#2 $t ! !%2'dt

normal critical value 12% #

$a

%exp&! 1

2!#2 $t ! !%2'dt

numerator degrees of freedom $1

19

probability binomial equal or greater

than alpha P"X & a|n,"# ! #k!a

nn!

k!$n!k%! ! "k$1 ! "%n!k

probability binomial equal or less

than alpha P"X " a|n,"# ! #k!0

an!

k!$n!k%! ! "k$1 ! "%n!k

probability binomial equals alpha P"X ! a|",n# ! n!a!$n!a%! ! "a$1 ! "%n!a

probability binomial equals zero P"X ! 0# ! $1 ! "%n

probability binomial greater than

or equal to alpha P"X & a|n,"# ! #k!a

nn!

k!$n!k%! ! "k$1 ! "%n!k

probability binomial greater than zero P"X $ 0# ! 1 ! $1 ! "%n

probability binomial less than or

equal to alpha P"X " a|n,"# ! #k!0

an!

k!$n!k%! ! "k$1 ! "%n!k

probability chi square equal or

greater than alpha P"X & a# ! 12

$2 " $

2

$a

% t $2 !1e! t

2 dt

probability chi square equal

or less than alpha P"X " a# ! 12

$2 " $

2

$0

a t $2 !1e! t

2 dt

probability chi square greater

than or equal to alpha P"X & a# ! 12

$2 " $

2

$a

% t $2 !1e! t

2 dt

20

probability chi square less than

or equal to alpha P"X " a# ! 12

$2 " $

2

$0

a t $2 !1e! t

2 dt

# probability f equal or greater

than alpha P"F & a|$1,$2# !"

$1#$22

"$12 "

$22

$ $1$2 %

$12 $

a

%t$$1!2%

2

1# $1$2

t$$1#$2 %

2

dt

# probability f equal or less

than alpha P"F " a|$1,$2# !"

$1#$22

"$12 "

$22

$ $1$2 %

$12 $

0

at$$1!2%

2

1# $1$2

t$$1#$2 %

2

dt

# probability f greater than or

equal to alpha P"F & a|$1,$2# !"

$1#$22

"$12 "

$22

$ $1$2 %

$12 $

a

%t$$1!2%

2

1# $1$2

t$$1#$2 %

2

dt

# probability f less than or

equal to alpha P"F " a|$1,$2# !"

$1#$22

"$12 "

$22

$ $1$2 %

$12 $

0

at$$1!2%

2

1# $1$2

t$$1#$2 %

2

dt

probability normal equal or greater

than alpha P"X & a |!,## ! 12% #

$a

%exp&! 1

2!#2 $t ! !%2'dt

probability normal equal or less

than alpha P"X " a |!,## ! 12% #

$!%

aexp&! 1

2!#2 $t ! !%2'dt

probability normal greater than or

equal to alpha P"X & a |!,## ! 12% #

$a

%exp&! 1

2!#2 $t ! !%2'dt

probability normal less than or

equal to alpha P"X " a |!,## ! 12% #

$!%

aexp&! 1

2!#2 $t ! !%2'dt

# probability t equal or greater

than alpha P"T & a# !"$ $#1

2 %

$% "$ $2 %$a

%1 # u2

$! $#1

2 du

# probability t equal or less than

alpha P"T " a# !"$ $#1

2 %

$% "$ $2 %$!%

a1 # u2

$! $#1

2 du

# probability t greater than or

equal to alpha P"T & a# !"$ $#1

2 %

$% "$ $2 %$a

%1 # u2

$! $#1

2 du

# probability t less than or equal

to alpha P"T " a# !"$ $#1

2 %

$% "$ $2 %$!%

a1 # u2

$! $#1

2 du

21

probability uniform equal or greater than alpha P"X & a# ! $d%!$a%$d%!$c%

probability uniform equal or less than alpha P"X " a# ! $a%!$c%$d%!$c%

probability uniform greater than or equal to alpha P"X & a# ! $d%!$a%$d%!$c%

probability uniform less than or equal to alpha P"X " a# ! $a%!$c%$d%!$c%

# probability z equal or greater than alpha P"Z & a# ! 12%

$a

% e! 12 t

2dt

# probability z equal or less than alpha P"Z " a# ! 12%

$!%

a e! 12 t

2dt

# probability z greater than or equal to alpha P"Z & a# ! 12%

$a

% e! 12 t

2dt

# probability z less than or equal to alpha P"Z " a# ! 12%

$!%

a e! 12 t

2dt

# review standard deviation of x bar Sigma X bar! #xn

# review t statistic t ! $m!!% ns , where m ! x .

# review z statistic z ! $m!!% n# , where m ! x .

sierra squared s2

standard normal probability P"a " Z " b# ! 12%

$a

b e! 12 t

2dt

# t confidence interval for mu CI ! m ! t sn

,m # t sn

# t confidence interval for the mean CI ! m ! t sn

,m # t sn

# t critical value"$ $#1

2 %

$% "$ $2 %$t

%1 # u2

$! $#1

2 du

# t p value p value ! P"T & a# !"$ $#1

2 %

$% "$ $2 %$a

%1 # u2

$! $#1

2 du

# t probability P"a " X " b# !"$ $#1

2 %

$% "$ $2 %$a

b1 # t2

$! $#1

2 dt

# t statistic t ! $m!!% ns

uniform probability P"a " X " b|c,d# ! $b%!$a%$d%!$c%

what’s the mean of a binomial ! ! n ! "what’s the standard deviation

of a binomial # ! n ! "$1 ! "%

# x bar x# z critical value 1

2%$z

% e! 12 t

2dt

22

New Commands for ScientificNotebook 5.5

File Menuimport non-ScientificNotebook LaTex

Compute Menu, Combinecombine arctancombine hyperbolic trig functions

Compute Menu, Rewriterewrite sinrewrite cosrewrite cosinerewrite arcsinrewrite arc cosrewrite arc cosinerewrite arc tanrewrite arc cotrewrite arc cotan

Compute Menu, Calculusplot approximate integral animated

Compute Menu, Plot 3dplot 3 delta implicit

Compute Menu, Plot 2D Animatedplot 2 delta rectangular animatedplot 2 delta polar animatedplot 2 delta implicit animatedplot 2 delta parametric animatedplot 2 delta conformal animatedplot 2 delta vector field animated

Compute Menu, Plot 3D Animatedplot 3 delta rectangular animatedplot 3 delta cylindrical animatedplot 3 delta spherical animatedplot 3 delta implicit animatedplot 3 delta tube animatedplot 3 delta gradient animatedplot 3 delta vector field animated

23

Administrator

Underline

Administrator

Underline

Administrator

Underline

Administrator

Underline

Administrator

Underline

Administrator

Underline

Accessing the MathTalk manual WITH voice commands

The MathTalk manual is divided into 3 parts: Tutorial, Help Documents, Pictionary.

Say “mathtalk learning module” for voice commands that access MathTalk.* The MathTalk Demo CD shows features of MathTalk.* To move up/down within all documents, say “page up”, “page down”, “move down 1”,“move down 4”, “move down 10”, “move up 1”, “move up 4”, “move up 10”, etc.

MathTalk Tutorial:Say “helpful definitions” to open the Tutorial portion of the manual at this heading(which is 5 paragraphs down from the top of the document). Say “top of document” tomove to the beginning of the Tutorial.Say “tutorial search” for a list of voice commands that access Topics in the Table ofContents.

MathTalk Pictionary:The Pictionary is a list of ‘stand alone’ MathTalk commands (i.e. commands withoutvariables).Say “pictionary search” for a list of voice commands accessing the Pictionary.Say “go to 1 commands” to open the Pictionary at the beginning.

Help Documents:Some of the previous information is listed in this portion of the manual.Additionally, find:1. Replace Letter or Symbol – say “replace help”; there find 'replace example' for text

help and see Demo CD for 'replace video'.2. List of Sentence Commands - say “sentence command examples”, “variable menu”

for variable lists, and “sample commands” (one of the Quick Reference laminatesincluded in MathTalk).

3. Type Commands List - say “go to type commands” for a list of entering 1-2 words ofText.

4. Trig Commands – say “trig list”.5. Statistics Commands – say “statistics commands”. In this menu you will find

“available statistics commands” and “statistics tutorial”. “Statistical overview”will open the Tutorial to the Statistics topic.

6. Trouble Shooting in MathTalk – say “trouble shooting”.7. Technical Support – say “technical support”.

* To access the International Alphabet, say “international alphabet” (second QuickReference laminate included in MathTalk).To reference this topic in the Tutorial, say “using international alphabet”. Then say“page down” to view both the International Alphabet and Greek Alphabet.

24

mathtalk

Underline

TECHNICAL SUPPORT

Technical Support can be obtained as follows: 1. Technical support is available via E-Mail at [email protected] or via fax at 817.719.9207. Please send a written description of the request. 2. The majority of past requests for technical support have been the result of not following instructions, particularly the MathTalk Install Instructions. Please read the instructions and complete the recommended training before requesting tech support. 3. For updates and helpful information, check “Tech Notes” on our website www.mathtalk.com .

26

user

Typewritten Text

PICTIONARY

user

Typewritten Text

user

Typewritten Text

user

Typewritten Text

MATHTALK PICTIONARY# Indicates MUST use International Alphabet for letter(s)

You say: You get:

1 over 2 pi 12!

1 over pi 1!

1 over square root of 2 pi 12!

100 percent Changes screen size to 100%.


2 by 2 system Sets up 2 by 2 linear system.

# 2 d graph menu Opens 2 d graph menu.

# 2 d plot menu Opens 2 d plot menu.

# 2 d plot Executes 2 d plot command.

# 2 d rectangular plot Executes 2 d rectangular plot command.

# 2 d rectangular Executes 2 d rectangular command.

# 2 d wave equation !2u!t2

" c2 !2u!x2 ! !2u

!y2 " 0

2 element column vector!!

2 element row vector ! !

# 2 i’s paren ii"2 lines Enters two blank lines.

2 pi over 3 2!3

2 tabs Moves cursor two tab keys.


3 by 3 system Sets up 3 by 3 linear system.

# 3 d graph menu Opens 3 d graph menu.

# 3 d graph Executes 3 d graph.

# 3 d heat equation !u!t " k !2u

!x2 ! !2u!y2 ! !2u

!z2 " 0

# 3 d plot menu Opens 3 d plot menu.

# 3 d plot Executes 3 d plot command.

1

# 3 d rectangular plot Executes 3 d rectangular plot command.

# 3 d wave equation !2u!t2

" c2 !2u!x2 ! !2u

!y2 ! !2u!z2 " 0

3 element column vector

#

#

#

3 element row vector # # #

3 halves 32

# 3 i’s parens iii"3 lines Enters three blank lines.

3 tabs Moves cursor 3 tab keys.

300 percent Changes screen size to 300 %.


4th power #4

4th root 4 #


5th power #5

5th root 5 #

6th power #6

6th root 6 #


7th power #7

7th root 7 #


8th power #8

8th root 8 #

9th power #9

9th root 9 #

# a matrix

a11 a12 $ a1n

a21 a22 $ a2n

% % & %

am1 am2 $ amn

# a r operator 1 " "1B " "2B2 " $ " "pBp

# a r process X t " "1X t"1 " "2X t"2 " $ " "pX t"p " at

2

about scientific notebook Information about ScientificNotebook.

absolute value |!|acre acreadd expression In graphing, say when adding expression.

Say “mupad graphs” to view document.

add item Say in Items Plotted dialog box.

additive union !additive union menu Opens additive union menu.

adjugate Executes adjugate in Compute Menu.

align center Aligns center.

align here Aligns cursor. Use only in display box.

align left Aligns left.

ampersand &

angle #angle bar angle '$(angle bracket vbar '!|angle brackets '!(angle with arc %

angstrom Åapostrophe #

apply tag Opens Apply Tag in Tools Menu.

approximately &approximately equal 'approximate integral Brings up choice of numerical routines

on approximate integral.

argument argarithmetic progression a ! )a ! d" ! )a ! 2d" ! $ ! *a ! )n " 1"d+arrange icons Choice in Windows Menu.

as :: Ex. x : y :: 2 : 3asterisk (average Finds the average of a given data set.

3

# b 2 t B2*f)x"+

# b 2 transform

0 f)x" f #)x"f)x" f #)x" f ##)x"f #)x" f ##)x" f ###)x"

f #)x" f ##)x"f ##)x" f ###)x"

# b 3 t B3*f)x"+

# b 3 transform

0 f)x" f)1")x" f)2")x"f)x" f)1")x" f)2")x" f)3")x"f)1")x" f)2")x" f)3")x" f)4")x"f)2")x" f)3")x" f)4")x" f)5")x"

f)1")x" f)2")x" f)3")x"f)2")x" f)3")x" f)4")x"f)3")x" f)4")x" f)5")x"

backspace Backspaces 1 time.

backspace 2 Backspaces 2 times.




bar Puts a bar over preceding symbol or letter.

Ex. say “charlie”, “bar”. Get: cbeginning of line Moves cursor to beginning of line.

belongs to )

bessel function *k"0

+ )"1"k t2

n!2k

k!$)n!k!1"

# beta a b B)a, b"

beta function ,0

1 xa"1)1 " x"b"1dx

beta hat,#

big integral with joint scripts ,!

!

big integral with limits ,!

!

4

big integral ,big intersection -big union .bigger font Sets font to defined bigger font for text.

binomial Opens choice menu for binomial function.

# binomial coefficient n x nx) "

binomial coefficient !!) "

binomial menu Opens menu of choices for binomial function.

body math Formatting command.

body text Formatting command.

bold off Turns bold off.

bold on Turns bold on.

both double arrows %

bottom brace/!

bottom label!!

bottom labeled both arrows!0

braces 1!2bracket matrix Opens matrix dialog box.

brackets menu Opens brackets menu.

brackets *!+bravo 2 tango B2*f)x"+

bravo 2 transform

0 f)x" f #)x"f)x" f #)x" f ##)x"f #)x" f ##)x" f ###)x"

f #)x" f ##)x"f ##)x" f ###)x"

bravo 3 tango B3*f)x"+

5

bravo 3 transform

0 f)x" f)1")x" f)2")x"f)x" f)1")x" f)2")x" f)3")x"f)1")x" f)2")x" f)3")x" f)4")x"f)2")x" f)3")x" f)4")x" f)5")x"

f)1")x" f)2")x" f)3")x"f)2")x" f)3")x" f)4")x"f)3")x" f)4")x" f)5")x"

bravo square minus

4 alpha charlie b2 " 4acbreak spacing Spacing command.

bullet 3

button click Executes “button click”.

# c d f P*X - x+# c dots $

calculus iterate Iterate command from Calculus Menu.

calculus menu Opens Calculus Menu.

# cap foxtrot of x y and z F)x,y, z"cascade windows Cascade in Windows Menu.

cauchy Executes New Definition in Compute Menu.

ceiling brackets 4!5center dots $center text Centers line and the following lines.

center this Same as “center text” and “align center”.

centered dot 3

change digits in display Lets you set number of digits displayed in computations.

change font Opens change font dialogue box.

change matrix form Puts string of symbols in matrix form.

change series order Say to change order of number of terms in infinite

series representation of function or in ODE series solution.

change variable In Compute, Calculus Menu.

characteristic polynomial Say with cursor in or immediately following the matrix.

6

check equality Checks correctness of an equality.

check spelling Checks spelling.

chi square $2

circle "

circle cross #circle dot $circle dot menu Opens dialog box to customize this symbol.

circle menu Opens Operator Menu.

circle minus .

circle plus /

circle plus menu Opens dialog box to customize this symbol.

circle slash 0circle times menu Opens dialog box to customize this symbol.

circle times 1clear definitions Clears the definition file.

close all Closes all open files.

close file Closes file.

close menu Closes bring down menu.

closed open interval *!"collect polynomial Collects like terms.

collect terms Simplifies like terms.

colon :column basis Computes column basis.

column matrix Takes you to matrix dialog box with columns

set at 1.

column vector Same as “column matrix”.

combine exponential Say with cursor in/immediately following expression.

combine logs Say with cursor in/immediately following expression.

combine powers Say with cursor in/immediately following expression.

combine trig functions Say with cursor in/immediately following expression.

comma ,

7

companion matrix Say with cursor in or immediately following the matrix.

composition 2computations Opens Compute Menu.

computations menu Opens Compute Menu.

compute adjugate Say with cursor in/immediately following expression.

compute characteristic

polynomial Say with cursor in/immediately following expression.

compute cholesky

decomposition Say with cursor in/immediately following expression.

compute column basis Say with cursor in/immediately following expression.

compute condition number Say with cursor in/immediately following expression.

compute correlation Say with cursor in/immediately following expression.

compute covariance Say with cursor in/immediately following expression.

compute determinant Say with cursor in/immediately following expression.

compute eigen values Say with cursor in/immediately following expression.

compute eigen vectors Say with cursor in/immediately following expression.

compute fraction free gaussian

elimination Say with cursor in/immediately following expression.

compute Gaussian elimination Say with cursor in/immediately following expression.

compute hermite normal form Say with cursor in/immediately following expression.

compute hermitian transpose Say with cursor in/immediately following expression.

compute Hessian Say with cursor in/immediately following expression.

compute interpret Executes Interpret in Compute Menu.

compute inverse Say with cursor in/immediately following expression.

compute jordan form Say with cursor in/immediately following expression.

compute menu Opens Compute Menu.

compute minimum polynomial Say with cursor in/immediately following expression.

compute norm Say with cursor in/immediately following expression.

compute rank Say with cursor in/immediately following expression.

compute row basis Say with cursor in/immediately following expression.

compute settings Opens dialog box in Computation Settings.

compute singular value

decomposition Say with cursor in/immediately following expression.

8

compute singular values Say with cursor in/immediately following expression.

compute smith normal form Say with cursor in/immediately following expression.

compute spectral radius Say with cursor in/immediately following expression.

compute stack matrix Say with cursor in/immediately following expression.

compute trace Say with cursor in/immediately following expression.

compute transpose Say with cursor in/immediately following expression.

computing techniques Takes you to Help, Computing Techniques.

concantenate Matrix command. Calculates the concantenate.

condition number Say with cursor in/immediately following the matrix.

conditional probability P*|+

contour integral 3contour integral menu Opens Operator Menu.

contour integral with lower limit 3!

contour integral with subscript 3!

coproduct 4coproduct menu Opens menu to customize this symbol.

coproduct with joint scripts 4!!

coproduct with limits 4!

!

coproduct with lower limit 4!

coproduct with subscript 4!

copy as internal format Executes Copy As Internal Format in File Menu.

copy this Copies selected materials.

copy to beginning of line Copies from cursor to beginning of line.

No need to select.

copy to end of line Copies from cursor to end of line. No need to select.

copy to beginning of line Copies from cursor to beginning of line.

No need to select.

copy to end of line Copies from cursor to end of line. No need to select.

9

corresponds to ~

cross partial!2f!y!x

cross product 1cube root 3 !

cubed !3

decoration menu Opens decoration menu.

define equal Sets the two expressions equal in MuPad.

define menu Opens Define Menu.

define mupad name Opens this dialog box.

# define t statistic t " )m"%" ns , where m " x .

# define z statistic z " )m"%" n& , where m " x .

definite integral ,!

!

definite sum *!

!

definiteness tests Opens menu to check definiteness of a Matrix.

definition Item tag.

definitions menu Opens Definitions Menu.

degrees 2

del squared 62

del 6

delete Deleted 1 character to RIGHT of cursor

OR SELECTED characters.

delete break Deletes page break.

delete key Deletes 1 character to right of cursor.

delete next character Deletes 1 character to right of cursor.

delete next 2 -10 characters Deletes 2-10 characters to right of cursor.

delete previous character Deletes 1 characters to left of cursor.

delete previous 2-10 characters Deletes 2-10 characters to left of cursor.

delete rest of line Deletes from cursor to end of line.

delete that Deletes selected materials.

delta x-ray dxdelta yankee dy

10

derivative open ended ddx

determinant Say with cursor in/immediately following the matrix.

Calculates the determinant of matrix.

diagonal dots &differentiate implicitly Differentiates implicitly.

display equation Sets off equation.

distributed as ~divide Same as divide polynomial.

divided by 'divide polynomial Divides two polynomials.

document info Document info in File Menu.

document manager Opens Document Manager dialog box.

dollar sign $double integral ,,double integral menu Opens symbol dialog box to customize symbol.

double integral with lower limit ,,!

double integral with subscript ,,!

double prime ##

double under bar !double vertical bars &!&down double arrow '

dual simplex MuPad command to produce dual of a linear system.

# e x p expedit menu Opens Edit Menu.

eigen values Say with cursor in or immediately following matrix.

eigen vectors Say with cursor in or immediately following matrix.

element of )emphasized font Activates that text tag.

empty set 5end determinant Moves out of determinant when cursor is at last element.

11

end display Moves out of display equation.

end exponent Ends the exponent.

end fraction Ends the fraction.

end key Presses the End Key.

end limits Moves out of upper or lower limit.

end line segment Moves out from under line segment indicator.

end matrix Moves out of matrix.

end of document Moves to end of document.

end of line Moves cursor to end of the line.

end ray Moves out from under line ray indicator.

end subscript Ends subscript.

end superscript Ends superscript.

end system Extend right.

end this Ends Particular math “box”.

end upper limit Ends upper limit.

enter data Sets up column matrix to enter data.

enter key Presses Enter Key.

equal "

equal or greater than 6equal or less than -

equals "

equivalent 7erase 2 lines Erases line cursor is on and line above.

erase 3 lines Erases line cursor is on and two lines above.

erase graph Erases selected graph.

erase line Erases line the cursor is on.

erase rest of line Erases part of line to left of cursor.

erase review binomial distribution Erases same.

erase review uniform distribution Erases same.

erase to beginning of line Erases to beginning of line.

escape Presses Escape Key.

escape key Presses Escape Key.

12

evaluate Cursor must be in/directly to right of math

to be evaluated.

evaluate numerically Same as above.

evaluate this Same as above.

even Same as above.

# exact ode Cursor must be in ODE or directly to right .

Gives MuPad solution.

exam builder Opens Exam builder dialog box.

expand Expands an algebraic expression.

expanding left brace 1!expanding left bracket *!expanding left parenthesis )!expanding right brace !2expanding right bracket !+expanding right parenthesis !"expected value E*!+

expected value of theta hat E*( +exponent Puts cursor in exponent position on

preceding symbol.

exponential expexport document as Opens that dialog box.

export documents as Opens that dialog box.

export settings Opens that dialog box.

# foxtrot of x y and z f)x,y, z"factor Factors algebraic expressions.

factor this Factors algebraic expressions.

factorial !field menu Opens Field Menu from Insert Menu.

fifth derivative exponent notation f)5")x"file menu Opens File Menu.

13

fill matrix Matrix command. Calculates the fill matrix.

find all solutions Finds solutions of an equation.

find extrema Finds minimums & maximums of a function.

Cursor needs to be in/directly right of function.

find max See “find extrema” command.

find min See “find extrema” command.

find numeric solution Solves numerically.

find roots Finds roots of equation.

find solution Finds all solutions of an equation analytically.

find this Opens “find” dialog box to search for words, symbols.

find word Opens “find” dialog box to search for words, symbols.

first derivativedydx

first derivative exponent notation f)1")x"first derivative of y with respect to x

dydx

fit curve Cursor must be in data.

fit polynomial Cursor must be in data.

fit regression line Cursor must be in data.

five spaces Moves cursor 5 spaces.

for all 8for any 8for every for every

formula Opens Formula dialog box for inserting a formula.

four element column vector

!!!!

four element row vector ! ! ! !

fourier transform ,"+

+exp)"2!ift"

four spaces Moves cursor 4 spaces.

fourth derivative exponent notation f)4")x"fraction !

!

fraction free gaussian elimination Operates this function in Compute, Matrices Menu.

14

# g c d gcd

gamma matrix

)0 )1 $ )n"1

)1 )0 $ )n"2

% % & %

)n"1 )n"2 $ )0

gamma of one half $ 12

gaussian elimination Cursor must be in matrix or to immediate right.

gegenbauer polynomial *k"0

*n/2+)"1"k)*"n"k)2x"n"2k

k!)n"2k"!

gegenbauer nu Cn*)x"general determinant Opens menu to set up determinant.

general information Opens general information index.

general matrix Places cursor in matrix dialog box & puts

the matrix you choose inside. )!"general quadratic ax2 ! bx ! cgeneral root !

generate random numbers Places cursor in random number generator

dialog box.

get help Opens ScientificNotebook Help.

go author In Go Menu, Links.

go beginning Use only in linked documents.

Goes to 1st document.

go bibliography In Go Menu, Links.

go contents In Go Menu, Links.

go copyright In Go Menu, Links.

go disclaimer In Go Menu, Links.

go editor In Go Menu, Links.

go end document Use only in linked documents. Goes

to last document.

go glossary In Go Menu, Links.

go history back In Go Menu.

go history forward In Go Menu.

go index In Go Menu, Links.

15

go links menu In Go Menu.

go menu Opens Go Menu.

go next document In Go Menu, Links.

go next section In Go Menu.

go parent document In Go Menu, Links.

go previous document In Go Menu, Links.

go previous section In Go Menu, Links.

go publisher In Go Menu, Links.

go to beginning of line Places cursor at beginning of line.

go to marker In Go Menu.

go to paragraph In Go Menu.

go top of document Cursor moves to top of document.

go trademark In Go Menu, Links.

go view history In Go Menu.

gradient 9graph cylindrical Graphs in cylindrical coordinates.

graph data Graphs data.

graph implicit Graphs implicit.

graph parametric Graphs in parametric coordinates.

graph polar Graphs in polar coordinates.

graph polynomial Graphs in polynomial coordinates.

graph regression line Graphs regression line.

graph spherical Graphs in spherical coordinates.

graph this Graphs function. Cursor must be in

or immediately right of function.

greater than (

greater than or equal to 6

greatest lower bound infhat Say “alpha”, “hat”. Get

,aheading 1 Section Body Tag. See ScientificNotebook.

heading 2 Same as “heading 1”.


16



help contents Contents in Help Menu.

help index Index in Help Menu.

help index menu Index in Help Menu.

help menu Opens Help Menu.

help search Search in Help Menu.

# hermite n Hn)x"hermite normal form Computes Hermite matrix.

hermite polynomial *k"0

*n/2+)"1"kn!)2x"n"2k

k!)n"2k"!

hermitian transpose Computer Hermitian Transpose matrix.

hessian Computes Hessian matrix.

hollow dot 2

hollow dot line segment2""2!

horizontal spacing Opens horizontal spacing dialog box.

hundred 00

hypergeometric series 1 !*n"1

+)a"n)b"nzn

)c"nn!

hypertext link Opens Hypertext Link dialog box.

hyphen -

# i omega i+identically equal 7

identity matrix

1 0 $ 00 1 $ 0% % & %

0 0 $ 1

imaginary )

implicit differentiation Differentiates implicitly.

import contents Opens Import Contents dialog box.

import fragment Opens Import Fragment dialog box.

import picture Opens Import Picture dialog box.

inf key inf

17

infinity +infinity key +insert column Inserts one column.

insert formula Opens Formula dialog box in Insert Menu.

insert html Opens that dialog box.

insert hypertext link Opens that dialog box.

insert marker Opens that dialog box.

insert matrix Opens that dialog box.

insert menu Opens Insert Menu.

insert note Opens that dialog box.

insert one line Inserts 1 line.

insert row Inserts one row.

insert two lines Inserts 2 lines.

# insert x y With cursor next to or in data set, inserts

“x” and “y” as heading for 2 column data set.

integral menu Opens menu for customizing this symbol.

integral with joint scripts ,!!

integral with limits ,!

!

integral with lower limit ,!

integral with subscript ,!

integral ,integrand Moves cursor from upper limit to integrand.

integrate by parts Say with cursor in integrand.

interpret Interprets possibility ambiguous expressions.

intersection :intersection menu Opens menu to customize intersection symbol.

intersection with joint scripts -!!

intersection with limits above

and below -!

!

intersection with limits -!

!

18

inverse Say with cursor in or immediately to right.

of matrix.

inverse matrix Computes the inverse of the matrix.

inverse triangle 9is an element of )

is it positive definite Answers question. Can be used with cursor

in matrix or next to it.

is to :italics off Turns off italics.

italics on Turns on italics.

iterate Opens iterate dialog box.

# j n Jn)t"# j omega j+# j one half J 1

2)t"

# j zero J0)t"jacobian Calculates Jacobian of vector of functions.

joint scripts !!

jordan form Calculates Jordan form of a matrix.

# l dots *

label above!!

label axis Opens label menu axis.

label below!!

label menu Opens label position dialog box.

laguerre alpha Ln)a")x"

laguerre polynomial *k"0

n)"1"k)1!a"nxk

k!)n"k"!)1!a"k

laplace equation in a cube !2u!x2 ! !2u

!y2 ! !2u!z2 " 0

laplace equation in a rectangle !2u!x2 ! !2u

!y2 " 0

# laplace o d e Compute ODE menu command.

laplace transform ,0

+ e"st

large coproduct 4

19

large coproduct with joint scripts 4!!

large coproduct with limits 4!

!

large coproduct with lower limit 4!

large coproduct with subscript 4!

large coproduct 4large integral ,large integral with joint scripts ,

!

!

large integral with limits ,

large integral with over limits ,!

!

large intersection with joint scripts -!!

large intersection with limits -!

!

large intersection with over limits -!

!

large intersection -large product ;large union with joint scripts .!

!

large union with limits .!

!

large union .larger font Makes font larger.

larger Enlarges to 150%.

largest intersection with joint scripts -!!

largest intersection with limits -!

!

20

largest intersection -largest union .largest union with joint scripts .!

!

largest union with limits .!

!

largest union with lower limit .!

largest union with subscript .!

least upper bound supleft angle bracket '!+left arrow over !left arrow with bottom label !left arrow with top label !left arrow +

left bar |!

left brace only 1!left bracket only *!left bracket right paren *!"left double arrow ,

left double bar &!left double v bar &!left expanding brace 1!left expanding bracket *!

left expanding parenthesis )!left implies ,

left joint scripts !!

left left bracket only **

left over arrow !left parenthesis right bracket )!+left parenthesis )

left ray !

21

left slanted line 7left subscript !!left superscript !!left triangle %

left v bar |!left left expanding bracket **!

legendre polynomial first kind *k"0

n)n!k"!

)n"k"!)k!"22k)x " 1"k

legendre rodriques formula Pn)x" " 12nn!

dndxn )x

2 " 1"n

less than or equal to -less than -

lim inf key lim inf# limit as n and m go to infinity

n,m.+lim

# limit as x goes to x naughtx.x0lim

limit inferior lim inflimit superior lim suplimit

!lim

line integral 3

line segment3""3

linear system Say when you wish to enter linear system.

log loglogical and menu Opens menu to customize the symbol.

logical and <logical not /

logical or =logical or menu Opens menu to customize the symbol.

lower limit Places lower limit box on preceding symbol.

# m a operator 1 " (1B " (2B2 " $ " (qBq# m a process X t " at " (1at"1 " (2at"2 " $ " (qat"qmarker Opens Marker dialog box.

math mode Sets MathTalk in math mode for math entry.

22

math name Opens dialog box to select name of

standard mathematical functions.

math to braille Opens Duxbury Braille Translator (if installed).

matrices menu Opens Matrix Menu.

matrix Opens box to define matrix dimensions.

matrix column basis Computes column basis for a matrix.

matrix condition number Computes condition number of a matrix.

matrix determinant Computes the determinant.

matrix inverse Computes the inverse.

matrix menu Opens Matrix Menu.

matrix norm Say with cursor in matrix.

max maxmaximize document Maximizes document.

maximize simplex Say with cursor in data.

maximum maxmean deviation Say with cursor in data.

mean Say with cursor in data.

median Say with cursor in data.

member of )

midpoint rule Say only in approximate integral box.

min minminimize simplex Say only with cursor within system of equations.

minimum minminimum polynomial Say only with cursor in matrix.

minus "minus infinity "+

mixed partial!2f!y!x

mod mod

mode Calculates mode of a given set of data.

moment Opens Moment dialog box.

move down 1 Moves cursor down one line.

move one word left Moves cursor one word left.

move one word right Moves cursor one word right.

23

move out Moves cursor out of mathematical “box”, such

as “exponent”, “fraction”, “subscript”, etc.

move this Moves selected text and symbols.

move right/left 1-5 Moves cursor right/left 1-5 characters.

move up/down 1-5 Moves cursor up/down 1-5 lines.

much larger Sets screen at 200%.

much smaller Sets screen at 50%.

multiple integral menu Opens menu allowing symbol customization.

mupad graphs Shows examples of MuPad graphing.

mupad settings Opens Settings in Compute.

# n choose x nx) "

natural log lnnegative "new definition Opens MuPad box to select new definition.

new file Opens a new file.

new paragraph Enters two lines.

new window Opens New window in Window Menu.

next element Moves to next position in a matrix.

next line Inserts new line and stays in Math Mode.

no break Removes page break.

norm &!&

normal Opens Apply Tag dialog box.

normal mode Sets Normal in Apply Tag.

# normal c d f P*X - x+ " 12!

,"+

x e" 12 t

2 dt

normal density 12! &

exp1" 12&2 )x " %"22

normal distribution function &)x"normal font Sets font at style you have defined as normal.

normal integral 12! &

,"+

xexp1" 1

23&2 )t " %"22dt

normal mu sigma square N)%,&2"

normal screen Sets screen at 100%.

normal subgroup %

normal tag Opens Tag, Apply, selects Normal.

24

normal zero one density 12! &

e" 12 t

2

not a member of >not an element of >not equal ?not in >note pad Brings up Note dialog box. (See Help, Notes.)

# november choose x nx) "

november derivativednydxn

nullspace basis Computes nullspace basis of a matrix.

number equation Opens dialog box to number equation.

number sign #numbering help Opens number equation help.

numerator When in a fraction, moves cursor to numerator.

# o d e series solution order To define order of ODE series solution.

# one d heat equation !u!t " k !2u

!x2 " 0# one d wave equation !2u

!t2" c2 !2u

!x2 " 0# one half x square 1

2 x2

one over pi 1!

one over square root of two pi 12!

one over two pi 12!

open closed interval )!+

open file Opens open file in dialog box.

open location Opens Location in File Menu.

open quote “

operator menu Opens Operator choice box.

order powers Orders polynomial by power.

orthogonal test Test for orthogonality of a matrix.

orthogonality test Test for orthogonality of a matrix.

out all Moves to end of line.

over In fraction, moves cursor from numerator to denominator.

over bar !

25

over brace8!

over dot3!

over double dot33!

over hat ,!

over label!!

over script!!

over tilde !over triple dot

333!

overlay polynomial See Tutorial. Overlays a polynomial on the data.

# p d f fX)x|("# p l u decomposition Say with cursor in matrix.

# p n of x Pn)x"page break Inserts a page break.

page setup Opens Page Setup menu.

parallel to &

parens )!"parentheses )!"partial !

partial derivative!y!x

partial fractions Performs MuPad partial fraction routine.

# partial of cap f of x and

y with respect to x!F)x,y"

!x# partial of cap f of x and

y with respect to y!F)x,y"

!y

# partial of foxtrot of x and

y with respect to x!f)x,y"!x

# partial of foxtrot of x and

y with respect to y!f)x,y"!y

paste special Paste menu command.

paste this Performs paste.

permanent Matrix command.

26

perpendicular '# plot 2 d data Plots 2 d data in rectangular coordinates.

# plot 2 d menu Opens 2 d menu.

# plot 2 d rectangular Plots 2 d data in rectangular coordinates.

plot approximate integral Opens plot approximate integral.

plot conformal Plot command.

plot cylindrical Plots in cylindrical coordinates.

plot data Plot 2 d data in rectangular coordinates.

plot gradient Plot gradient command.

plot implicit Plot implicit command.

plot parametric Plot parametric command.

plot phase plane MuPad plot menu.

plot points MuPad plot menu.

plot polar 2 d plot command..

plot spherical 3 d plot command

plot this 2 d rectangular plot command.

plot tube 3 d plot command.

plot vector field 3 d plot command.

plus !

plus or minus 0

point .polynomial menu Opens polynomial menu.

positive definite Answers question. Can only be used with

cursor in/next to matrix.

pound sign #power series Calculates power series of a function.

precedes @

preview 10 In Print Preview, moves to 10th page. The

page that you are on counts as page 1.

preview 15 See “preview 10”.



27







prime #

print document Opens print dialog box.

print preview Opens print preview.

print this Opens Print menu.

probability P*!+

product ;product menu Opens Product menu.

product with joint scripts ;!!

product with limits ;!

!

product with lower limit ;!

product with subscript ;!

proper subset Aproper superset Bproportional to (

put here Places copied selection at cursor.

put it here Places copied selection at cursor.

# q e d Q.E.D.

# q r decomposition Calculates the Q R decomposition of matrix.

quadratic equation ax2 ! bx ! c " 0

quadratic formula x " "b0 b2"4ac2a

quantile Calculates quantities of a data base.

radical !

random matrix Opens random matrix choice box.

random number generator Opens Random Numbers dialog box.

random numbers Opens Random Numbers dialog box.

random sample X1X2$Xn

28

range one two 1, 2,$,range zero one two 0, 1, 2,$,range zero plus or minus 0,01,02,$,rank Say with cursor in matrix.

rational canonical form Calculates rational canonical form of a matrix.

reduced row echelon form Matrix command.

reference library Opens ScientificNotebook Reference Library.

remove number Removes number from equations typed in

“display mode”.

replace next character With cursor to immediate left of character, selects

1 character to right of cursor and places it in

Replace Dialog box. See Tutorial.

replace next two

characters With cursor to immediate left of characters,

selects 2 characters to right of cursor,places

them in Replace Dialog box. See Tutorial.

replace text Replace Dialog box. See Tutorial.

reshape Opens Reshape Matrix dialog box.

restore definitions MuPad Command.

reverse normal subgroup Say with cursor in matrix.

review arithmetic progression a ! )a ! d" ! )a ! 2d" ! $ ! *a ! )n " 1"d+review average Reviews definition of sample mean.

review binomial distribution Reviews definition of binomial distribution.

review binomial formula )a ! x"n " an ! nan"1x ! n)n"1"2! an"2x2 ! $ ! xn

review binomial squared )x ! y"2 " x2 ! 2xy ! y2

review definition of the derivative Reviews definition of the derivative.

review difference of two cubes x3 " y3 " )x " y")x2 ! xy ! y2"

review difference of two squares x2 " y2 " )x ! y")x " y"review equation of a line Reviews definition of the equation.

review geometric progression a,ar,ar2,$,arn"1

review quadratic formula ax2 ! bx ! c " 0 1 x " "b0 b2"4ac2a

# review r m s Reviews definition of the “root mean square”.

29

review sample mean Reviews definition of sample mean.

review standard deviation

of x bar Sigma X bar" &xn

review standard deviation Reviews definition of standard deviation.

review sum of a geometric

progression S " a ! ar ! ar2 ! $ ! arn"2 ! arn"1 " a"arn1"r

review sum of an

arithmetic progression Reviews sum of an arithmetic progression.

review sum of two cubes x3 ! y3 " )x ! y")x2 " xy ! y2"

review taylor series f)x" " f)a" ! )x"a"f #)a"1! ! )x"a"2

2! f ##)a" ! $

review trinomial squared )x ! y ! z"2 " x2 ! y2 ! z2 ! 2xy ! 2xz ! 2yzreview uniform distribution Reviews definition of a Uniform probability.

rewrite equations as matrix Brings up System Variable dialog box for such.

rewrite exponential Rewrites as exponential.

rewrite factorial Rewrites as factorial.

rewrite float Rewrites as float.

rewrite gamma Rewrites as gamma.

rewrite logarithm Rewrites as logarithm.

rewrite matrix as equations Rewrites matrix as equations.

rewrite menu Opens Rewrite Menu.

rewrite polar Rewrites as polar.

rewrite rational Rewrites as rational.

rewrite rectangular Rewrites as rectangular.

rewrite sin and cos Rewrites as sin and cos.

rewrite sinh and cosh Rewrites as sinh and cosh.

rewrite tan Rewrites as tan.

right angle bracket (

right arrow .

right arrow over !right arrow under !

right arrow with bottom label !right arrow with top label !right bar !|

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right brace 2

right bracket +

right bracket only !+right diagonal dots &right double arrow 1

right double bar !&right double v bar !&right expanding brace !2

right expanding bracket !+right expanding parenthesis !"right implies 1

right left bracket +!*right paren "

right parenthesis "

right parenthesis only !"right ray !

right right bracket !++right slanted line 9right v bar !|roots Finds roots of a polynomial.

row basis In Compute menu. Use with cursor in matrix.

row matrix Sets up a row matrix.

row vector Sets up a row matrix.

rug menu Opens Decorations Menu for symbols that

go above and below.

rule spacing Opens dialog box to customize spacing.

sample mean Calculates “sample mean” of given data set.

sample median Calculates “sample median” of given data set.

sample mode Calculates “sample mode” of given data set.

# sample s d Calculates sample standard deviation for given

set of data. Cursor must be in/at end of data.

sample standard deviation Same as “standard deviation”.

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sample variance See as “sample mean”.

save all Opens Save for all open files.

save as Opens Save As dialog box.

save definition Saves MuPad definition.

save file Saves file.

save file as Opens Save As dialog box.

save fragment Opens Save Fragment dialog box.

save math as Save math in ScientificNotebook/docs for

math that will be opened in Duxbury for

translation into braille.

save this Opens Save file.

scalar field Fscalar potential Computes Scalar Potential.

screen appearance Opens Note dialog box which allows you to

put notes and hints in margin.

script fee ,

# script L 2

script theta (

second derivative exponent

notation f)2")x"second partial !2

seconds #

select all Selects all.

select following screen Selects following screen.

select next 2 characters Selects next (right of cursor) 2 characters.

select next 3-10 characters Selects that number of next characters.

select next character Same as above.

select previous 2 characters Selects previous (left of cursor) 2 characters.

for copying/deleting.

select previous 3-10 characters Selects that number of previous characters.

select previous character Same as above.

select to beginning of line Selects from cursor to beginning of line.

select to end of document Selects from cursor to end of document.

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select to end of line Selects from cursor to end of line.

select to start of line Selects from cursor to beginning of line.

semicolon ;send this Send in File Menu.

sequence one two three 1, 2, 3,$sequence zero one two 0, 1, 2$sequence zero plus or minus one 0,01,02,$series solution MuPad ODE menu command.

set alignment See SnBk Help on alignment.

set basis variables Say with cursor in matrix.

set digits displayed Opens dialog box for setting number

of digits displayed.

set font Opens dialog box to change font.

show definitions Show Definitions in Compute Menu.

show pictionary Opens Pictionary.

show properties In Edit Menu, Properties.

similar to ~simplex dual Say with cursor on linear system. Calculates

the dual system

simplex feasible Say with cursor on linear system.

Determines if a solution exists.

simplex menu Opens Compute simplex Menu.

simplify MuPad command to simplify by expression.

simplify this MuPad command to simplify by expression.

simpson rule Opens Approximate Integral dialog box for Simpson.

single quote #

singular value decomposition Gives singular value decomposition of matrix.

singular values Calculates singular value of a matrix.

slash /smaller Sets screen at 85%.

smaller font Makes font smaller.

smith normal form Calculates this form of a given matrix.

solid dot 3

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solution Solution:

solve Place cursor in or directly following equation.

solve equation Place cursor in or directly following equation.

solve exactly Place cursor in or directly following equation.

solve integer Gives integer solutions only.

solve menu Opens solve choice box in Compute Menu.

solve numerically Solves numerically.

# solve o d e Say with cursor in or following ODE.

# solve o d e exactly Gives exact solution if closed form exists.

# solve o d e laplace Solves ODE by this method.

# solve o d e menu Opens MuPad ODE menu.

# solve o d e numerically Say with cursor in or following equation.

# solve p d e Say with cursor in or following PDE.

solve recursion Say with cursor in or following recursion.

sort polynomial Arranges polynomial in descending powers.

spaces five Moves cursor 5 spaces.

spacing menu Opens spacing menu.

square !2

square quartered Csquare root !# square root of x square

plus y square x2 ! y2

square shape #

square with diagonals Dsquare with dot E

square with horizontal bar Fsquared !2

standard deviation In Compute menu, Standard Deviation.

standard normal critical value 12!,z

+e" 1

2 t2dt

standard normal density 12!e" 1

2 t2

standard normal integral 12!

,"+

x e" 12 t

2 dt

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standard normal p value p value " 12!,

|z |

+e" 1

2 t2dt

standardize simplex Say with cursor in matrix.

start of line Moves cursor to start of line.

statistics menu Opens Statistics menu in Compute.

style Opens Style Menu.

style editor Opens Style Menu.

style menu Opens Style Menu.

subscript #!

subset Gsuch that Hsum *sum with joint scripts *!

!

sum with limits *!

!

sum with lower limit *!

sum with subscript *!

summation *# summation cap x *X i# summation cap x square *X i2

# summation cap x y *X iY isummation cap yankee *Y isummation cap yankee square *Y i2

summation menu Opens dialog box to customize this symbol.

summation with joint scripts *!!

summation with limits *!

!

summation with lower limit *!

summation with subscript *!# summation x * x i# summation x square * x i2

# summation x y * x iy i

35

# summation y * y i# summation y square * y i2

superior supsuperscript #!

system of equations Opens box so you just answer how many

equations in the system.

# t probability P*a - X - b+ "$) *!1

2 "

*! $) *2 ",a

b1 ! t2

*" *!1

2 dt

# t statistic t " )m"%" ns

tab Tabs and keeps you in Math Mode.

tab key Tabs and keeps you in Math Mode.

tag appearance Opens this option in Tag Menu.

tag apply Opens this option in Tag Menu.

tag function key Opens this option in Tag Menu.

tag menu Opens Tag Menu.

taylor series Gives the Taylor series expression.

text mode Set MathTalk in Text Mode for dictation.

text open quote “the set of all x-ray such that 1x|2thick space Inserts a thick space.

thin space Inserts a thin space.

third derivative exponent notation f)3")x"three spaces Moves cursor 3 spaces.

tile horizontally Window choice menu.

tile vertically Window choice menu.

times asterisk (times dot 3# times x -

times -

toggle math mode Clicks “math mode” on in toolbar.

toggle text Clicks “text mode” on in toolbar.

tools action Action in Tools Menu.

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tools automatic substitution Selects automatic substitution in

Tools Menu.

tools menu Opens Tools Menu.

tools spelling Opens spell check in tools menu.

tools user setup Opens user setup in Tools Menu.

top brace8#

top label!

#

top labeled both arrows #

top labeled left arrow #

top labeled right arrow #

top of document Moves cursor to top of document.

train commands Opens dialog box to enter and train command.

train initial commands Opens training of initial MathTalk commands.

train math commands Brings up list of math commands for training.

transforms fourier Calculates Fourier – in Transforms menu in Compute.

transforms inverse fourier Calculates Inverse Fourier – in Transforms menu in Compute.

transforms inverse laplace Calculates Inverse Laplace – in Transforms menu in Compute.

transforms laplace Calculates Laplace – in Transforms menu in Compute.

transforms menu Opens Transforms menu in Compute.

transpose Cursor must be in or immediately right of matrix.

transpose matrix Cursor must be in or immediately right of matrix.

trapezoid rule Say with cursor in the integrand.

triangle abcB

A: C

triangle on the right )

triple integral ,,,triple integral menu Opens dialog box to customize this symbol.

triple integral with lower

limit ,,,!

triple integral with subscript ,,,!

triple prime ###

37

type and and

type as as

type but but

type cap but But

type cap example Example

type cap Hence Hence

type cap if If

type cap let Let

# type cap let x equal Let x equal

type cap now Now

type cap so So

type cap then Then

type cap theorem Theorem

type cap therefore Therefore

type cap thus Thus

type covariance Cov

type even even

type for for

type for all for all

type for every for every

type if if

type if and only if if and only if

type in in

type is is

type let let

type odd odd

type on on

type or or

type otherwise otherwise

type since since

type text Clicks “text mode” for entering text.

type then then

type thus thus

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type to to

type variance Var

type when when

type whenever whenever

type where where

undefine Undefines a previous definition in

MuPad definitions.

under bar !under brace

/!

under double bar !under script

!#

underline off Turns off underline.

underline on Turns on underline.

undo deletion Undoes deletion.

undo that Undoes deletion.

union Iunion menu Opens dialog box with choices for style, size, union.

union with joint scripts .!!

union with limits .

union with lower limit .!

union with subscript .!

unit name Opens Unit Menu.

up arrow 3

up double arrow 4

upper limit Moves cursor from lower limit to upper limit.

# v bar |# v bar a to b $ab

# v bar angle bracket *(# v bar with limits |!!

# v dots %

39

variance Computes sample variance. Cursor must

be in or at end of data.

vector calculus Opens Vector Calculus Menu in Compute.

vector curl Calculates Curl.

vector divergence Calculates Divergence.

vector gradient Calculates Gradient.

vector hessian Calculates Hessian.

vector laplacian Calculates Laplacian.

vector potential Calculates the vector potential.

vector scalar potential Calculates the scalar potential.

vector set basis variables Allows resetting of basic vector variables.

vector wronskian Calculates Wronskian.

vertical arrow 5

vertical bar |vertical bar with limits |!!

vertical dots %vertical spacing Opens dialog box to customize vertical spacing.

view 100 percent Sets screen at 100%.

view 200 percent Sets screen to 200 %.

view 300 percent Sets screen to 300%.

view 400 percent Sets screen to 400%.

view custom Allows you to customize screen view size.

view helper lines Toggles helper lines off and on.

view input boxes Toggles input boxes, i.e. the small boxes that

show where limits go, for example. Without

this on, you won’t be prompted visually on the

screen where certain symbols go. It’s a good

idea to always have this on.

view invisibles Shows markers that aren’t normally shown.

view marker fields Toggles Marker Fields in View Menu.

view menu Opens View Menu.

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view refresh Clicks Refresh in View Menu.

view status bar Toggles Status bar in View Menu.

view tool bars Opens Toolbar Menu.

web site Web site in Help Menu.

window menu Opens Window Menu.

# x matrix

x11 x12 $ x1n

x21 x22 $ x2n

% % & %

xm1 xm2 $ xmn# x minus i y x " iy# x plus i y x ! iy# z point one z.1 " 1. 282# z point zero one z.01 " 2. 326# z point zero five z.05 " 1. 645# z point zero two five z.025 " 1. 960# z statistic z " )m"%" n

&

zero vector 0

zoom in Enlarges text in Preview in File Menu.

zoom out Makes text smaller in Preview in File Menu.

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