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McGraw-Hill ©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2000 Chapter 3 Underlying Technologies
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Page 1: McGraw-Hill©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2000 Chapter 3 Underlying Technologies.

McGraw-Hill ©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2000

Chapter 3

Underlying Technologies

Page 2: McGraw-Hill©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2000 Chapter 3 Underlying Technologies.

McGraw-Hill ©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2000

CONTENTSCONTENTS• LANS• POINT-TO-POINT WANS• SWITCHED WANS• CONNECTING DEVICES

Page 3: McGraw-Hill©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2000 Chapter 3 Underlying Technologies.

McGraw-Hill ©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2000

Figure 3-1

Internet model

Page 4: McGraw-Hill©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2000 Chapter 3 Underlying Technologies.

McGraw-Hill ©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2000

LOCAL AREA NETWORKS

(LANS)

3.13.1

Page 5: McGraw-Hill©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2000 Chapter 3 Underlying Technologies.

McGraw-Hill ©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2000

Figure 3-2

CSMA/CD

Page 6: McGraw-Hill©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2000 Chapter 3 Underlying Technologies.

McGraw-Hill ©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2000

Minimum frame length/Transmission rate Minimum frame length/Transmission rate is proportional to is proportional to

Collision domain / Collision domain / Propagation speedPropagation speed

Page 7: McGraw-Hill©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2000 Chapter 3 Underlying Technologies.

McGraw-Hill ©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2000

Figure 3-3

Ethernet layers

Page 8: McGraw-Hill©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2000 Chapter 3 Underlying Technologies.

McGraw-Hill ©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2000

Figure 3-4

Ethernet frame

Page 9: McGraw-Hill©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2000 Chapter 3 Underlying Technologies.

McGraw-Hill ©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2000

Figure 3-5:a

Ethernet implementation

Page 10: McGraw-Hill©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2000 Chapter 3 Underlying Technologies.

McGraw-Hill ©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2000

Figure 3-5:b

Ethernet implementation

Page 11: McGraw-Hill©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2000 Chapter 3 Underlying Technologies.

McGraw-Hill ©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2000

Figure 3-5:c

Ethernet implementation

Page 12: McGraw-Hill©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2000 Chapter 3 Underlying Technologies.

McGraw-Hill ©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2000

Figure 3-5:d Ethernet implementation

Page 13: McGraw-Hill©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2000 Chapter 3 Underlying Technologies.

McGraw-Hill ©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2000

Figure 3-6:a

Fast Ethernet implementation

Page 14: McGraw-Hill©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2000 Chapter 3 Underlying Technologies.

McGraw-Hill ©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2000

Figure 3-6:b

Fast Ethernet implementation

Page 15: McGraw-Hill©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2000 Chapter 3 Underlying Technologies.

McGraw-Hill ©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2000

Figure 3-6:c

Fast Ethernet implementation

Page 16: McGraw-Hill©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2000 Chapter 3 Underlying Technologies.

McGraw-Hill ©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2000

Figure 3-7:a

Gigabit Ethernet implementation

Page 17: McGraw-Hill©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2000 Chapter 3 Underlying Technologies.

McGraw-Hill ©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2000

Figure 3-7:b

Gigabit Ethernet implementation

Page 18: McGraw-Hill©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2000 Chapter 3 Underlying Technologies.

McGraw-Hill ©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2000

Figure 3-8:a

Token passing

Page 19: McGraw-Hill©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2000 Chapter 3 Underlying Technologies.

McGraw-Hill ©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2000

Figure 3-8:b

Token passing

Page 20: McGraw-Hill©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2000 Chapter 3 Underlying Technologies.

McGraw-Hill ©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2000

Figure 3-8:c

Token passing

Page 21: McGraw-Hill©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2000 Chapter 3 Underlying Technologies.

McGraw-Hill ©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2000

Figure 3-8:d

Token passing

Page 22: McGraw-Hill©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2000 Chapter 3 Underlying Technologies.

McGraw-Hill ©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2000

Figure 3-9

Data frame

Page 23: McGraw-Hill©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2000 Chapter 3 Underlying Technologies.

McGraw-Hill ©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2000

Figure 3-10

MAU

Page 24: McGraw-Hill©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2000 Chapter 3 Underlying Technologies.

McGraw-Hill ©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2000

Figure 3-11:a

Spread spectrum techniques

Page 25: McGraw-Hill©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2000 Chapter 3 Underlying Technologies.

McGraw-Hill ©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2000

Figure 3-11:b

Spread spectrum techniques

Page 26: McGraw-Hill©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2000 Chapter 3 Underlying Technologies.

McGraw-Hill ©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2000

Figure 3-12

ISM bands

Page 27: McGraw-Hill©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2000 Chapter 3 Underlying Technologies.

McGraw-Hill ©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2000

Figure 3-13

BSSs

Page 28: McGraw-Hill©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2000 Chapter 3 Underlying Technologies.

McGraw-Hill ©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2000

Figure 3-14

ESS

Page 29: McGraw-Hill©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2000 Chapter 3 Underlying Technologies.

McGraw-Hill ©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2000

Figure 3-15

CSMA/CA

Page 30: McGraw-Hill©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2000 Chapter 3 Underlying Technologies.

McGraw-Hill ©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2000

POINT-TO-POINTWANS

3.23.2

Page 31: McGraw-Hill©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2000 Chapter 3 Underlying Technologies.

McGraw-Hill ©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2000

Figure 3-16

Band for ADSL

Page 32: McGraw-Hill©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2000 Chapter 3 Underlying Technologies.

McGraw-Hill ©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2000

Figure 3-17

PPP frame

Page 33: McGraw-Hill©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2000 Chapter 3 Underlying Technologies.

McGraw-Hill ©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2000

SWITCHEDWANS

3.33.3

Page 34: McGraw-Hill©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2000 Chapter 3 Underlying Technologies.

McGraw-Hill ©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2000

Figure 3-18Frame Relay network

Page 35: McGraw-Hill©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2000 Chapter 3 Underlying Technologies.

McGraw-Hill ©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2000

A cell network uses the cell as the basic A cell network uses the cell as the basic unit of data exchange. A cell is defined as unit of data exchange. A cell is defined as a small, fixed-sized block of information.a small, fixed-sized block of information.

Page 36: McGraw-Hill©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2000 Chapter 3 Underlying Technologies.

McGraw-Hill ©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2000

Figure 3-19

ATM multiplexing

Page 37: McGraw-Hill©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2000 Chapter 3 Underlying Technologies.

McGraw-Hill ©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2000

Figure 3-20

Architecture of an ATM network

Page 38: McGraw-Hill©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2000 Chapter 3 Underlying Technologies.

McGraw-Hill ©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2000

Figure 3-21

Virtual circuits

Page 39: McGraw-Hill©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2000 Chapter 3 Underlying Technologies.

McGraw-Hill ©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2000

Note that a virtual connection is defined by Note that a virtual connection is defined by a pair of numbers: the VPI and the VCI.a pair of numbers: the VPI and the VCI.

Page 40: McGraw-Hill©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2000 Chapter 3 Underlying Technologies.

McGraw-Hill ©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2000

Figure 3-22

An ATM cell

Page 41: McGraw-Hill©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2000 Chapter 3 Underlying Technologies.

McGraw-Hill ©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2000

Figure 3-23

ATM layers

Page 42: McGraw-Hill©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2000 Chapter 3 Underlying Technologies.

McGraw-Hill ©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2000

The IP protocol uses the AAL5 sublayer.

Page 43: McGraw-Hill©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2000 Chapter 3 Underlying Technologies.

McGraw-Hill ©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2000

We will discuss IP over ATM in Chapter 26.

Page 44: McGraw-Hill©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2000 Chapter 3 Underlying Technologies.

McGraw-Hill ©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2000

Figure 3-24:a

ATM LAN architecture

Page 45: McGraw-Hill©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2000 Chapter 3 Underlying Technologies.

McGraw-Hill ©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2000

Figure 3-24:b

ATM LAN architecture

Page 46: McGraw-Hill©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2000 Chapter 3 Underlying Technologies.

McGraw-Hill ©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2000

Figure 3-24:c

ATM LAN architecture

Page 47: McGraw-Hill©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2000 Chapter 3 Underlying Technologies.

McGraw-Hill ©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2000

Figure 3-25 A mixed architecture ATM LAN using LANE

Page 48: McGraw-Hill©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2000 Chapter 3 Underlying Technologies.

McGraw-Hill ©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2000

CONNECTING DEVICES

3.43.4

Page 49: McGraw-Hill©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2000 Chapter 3 Underlying Technologies.

McGraw-Hill ©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2000

Figure 3-26

Connecting devices

Page 50: McGraw-Hill©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2000 Chapter 3 Underlying Technologies.

McGraw-Hill ©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2000

Figure 3-27

Repeater

Page 51: McGraw-Hill©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2000 Chapter 3 Underlying Technologies.

McGraw-Hill ©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2000

A repeater connects segments of a LAN together.

Page 52: McGraw-Hill©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2000 Chapter 3 Underlying Technologies.

McGraw-Hill ©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2000

A repeater forwards every packet; it has no A repeater forwards every packet; it has no filtering capability.filtering capability.

Page 53: McGraw-Hill©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2000 Chapter 3 Underlying Technologies.

McGraw-Hill ©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2000

Figure 3-28

Hubs

Page 54: McGraw-Hill©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2000 Chapter 3 Underlying Technologies.

McGraw-Hill ©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2000

A bridge has a table used in filtering A bridge has a table used in filtering decisions.decisions.

Page 55: McGraw-Hill©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2000 Chapter 3 Underlying Technologies.

McGraw-Hill ©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2000

Figure 3-29

Bridge

Page 56: McGraw-Hill©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2000 Chapter 3 Underlying Technologies.

McGraw-Hill ©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2000

A bridge connects segments of a LAN A bridge connects segments of a LAN together.together.

Page 57: McGraw-Hill©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2000 Chapter 3 Underlying Technologies.

McGraw-Hill ©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2000

A router is a three-layer (physical, data A router is a three-layer (physical, data link, and network) device.link, and network) device.

Page 58: McGraw-Hill©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2000 Chapter 3 Underlying Technologies.

McGraw-Hill ©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2000

A repeater or a bridge connects segments A repeater or a bridge connects segments of a LAN. of a LAN.

A router connects independent LANs or A router connects independent LANs or WANs to create an internetwork (internet).WANs to create an internetwork (internet).

Page 59: McGraw-Hill©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2000 Chapter 3 Underlying Technologies.

McGraw-Hill ©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2000

Figure 3-30

Routing example

Page 60: McGraw-Hill©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2000 Chapter 3 Underlying Technologies.

McGraw-Hill ©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2000

A router changes the physical addresses in A router changes the physical addresses in a packet. a packet.


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