MCOM 2310 Listening (Chapter 4) Part 2

CHAPTER 4

Listening and Responding

© Ian Dagnall/Alamy

Copyright © 2013, 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved.

Assignments

Read Chapter 4 and Chapter 11

Read the Writing for the Eye vs Writing for the Ear

Handout

◦ Does everyone have a copy of this handout? If not,

email [email protected]

Copyright © 2013, 2010 Pearson

Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved.

Assignments

Glossophopia essay Essay [written and verbal components] (25 points/5%)

◦ Topic: Fear of public speaking (glossophobia) is a common phobia. It can range

from slight nervousness to paralyzing fear and panic. Many people with this

phobia avoid public speaking situations altogether or they suffer through them

with shaking hands and a quavering voice. Write an essay in which you analyze

ways to overcome this phobia and draw conclusions about the importance of

confident public speaking in your personal and professional life.

◦ 2-page maximum, 3-minute presentations

◦ Essay is due at the start of class Tuesday, Feb. 3. Refer to the syllabus…you will be graded on all aspects listed!

Reference my lecture and the book (Chapter 11)

Use the feedback you received on your email assignment to improve your writing.

Use the feedback you will receive on your partner introduction speech to improve your presentation

skills.

Pay attention to the rubric. It’s all there for you.



Glossophobia Assignment

This is where it gets real.

You’ve had writing practice AND speaking practice.

USE IT.

Record yourself. Say your speech out loud to your

friends, roommates and ANYONE WHO WILL

LISTEN.

Read the grading rubric. You already know what

you will be graded on. No tricks.

Do not fail me! You can do this.



Guest Speaker


Morris Wilkes, Distinguished Alum [Government Relations & Public Affairs Consultant; Lead Presidential Advance Representative for George W. Bush]

• Be Active Listeners

• Ask Questions

• Engage

• Take Notes (there will

be a quiz next week)

Tips for Building Your

Confidence

Don’t procrastinate: Prepare your speech far in advance.

Know your audience: Anticipate audience reactions to your speech.

PRACTICE! Rehearse in a speech-like environment: Practice in an environment similar to your performance.

Visualize success: Imagine giving your speech effectively and comfortably.

Use your apprehension: Re-label your nervousness as excitement.

Breathe

Put one hand on your

abdomen, just below your

belly button.

Feel your hand rise about an

inch each time you inhale

and fall about an inch each

time you exhale.

Your chest will rise slightly,

too, in concert with your

abdomen. Remember to

relax your belly so that each

inhalation expands it fully.

Let’s Review

Can you hear me now?



Hearing vs. Listening

Hearing is simply the act of perceiving sound by the

ear. If you are not hearing-impaired, hearing simply

happens. Listening, however, is something you

consciously choose to do. Listening requires

concentration so that your brain processes meaning

from words and sentences. Listening leads to

learning.

Most people tend to be "hard of listening" rather

than "hard of hearing."



Listening

Effectively to

Others

© Image Source/SuperStock


Stop: Turn Off Competing Messages

Be sure you are listening to others and not simply

waiting for your turn to talk.

Step away from your own thoughts and try to

experience the feelings of others. This process is

known as social decentering.

Three things to help:

1. Prepare yourself physically (SOLER process)

2. Set the scene for attentive listening

3. Arrive early to meetings


SOLER

Squarely face the person

Open your body position (unfold and remove

obstacles or barriers between you and the other

person)

Lean toward the person

Eye contact. Look directly at the person.

Relax. Anxiety interferes with information

processing



Responding

Effectively to

Others

© Chris Rout/Alamy


Responding with Verbal Messages

You understand the message

You need clarification

You are interested

You would like him or her to continue speaking

You would like to say something

Communicate messages that let the speaker know:


Responding with Nonverbal Messages

Using nonverbally responsive behaviors enhances

listening comprehension.

Using nonverbally responsive behaviors helps

speakers feel motivated and satisfied.

Some things to do:

1. Make eye contact.

2. Use head nods.

3. Use vocal assurances.

4. Take notes.


Responding With Empathetic Messages

Ask appropriate questions: Attempt to understand

how the other person is feeling.

Paraphrase message content: Repeat in your own

words what you think the other person is saying.

Paraphrase emotions: Make sure you understand

the feelings and emotions of others.


Helping Others

Listen Effectively

to You

© wavebreakmedia Itd/Shutterstock


The Process of Listening

Select: To focus on one sound

Attend: To focus on a specific message

Understand: To assign meaning to verbal and

nonverbal messages

Remember: To retrieve a message from memory

Respond: To let people know whether you

understood their message


Help Others Select Your Messages

Move closer to the other people: Make yourself

available to other people.

Make the information useful: Increase the personal

utility of the message for your listeners.

Adapt messages to others’ beliefs: Be sensitive to

the potential reactions of your listeners.


Help Others Attend to Your Messages

Make messages novel: Make your messages stand

out by making them unique.

Make messages concrete: Avoid abstract words

and instead use words that are vivid and clear.

Make messages moderate in length: Do not create

messages that are too long or too short for people’s

expectations.


Help Others Understand Your Message

Fit messages into existing schema: Tap into existing

mental representations of knowledge to explain

your concepts.

Develop a new schema: Create a new frame of

reference for your listeners.

Use listeners’ frame of reference: Instead of

explaining things based on your experiences, use

the experiences of others to explain concepts.


Help Others Remember Your Message

Use redundancy: Repeat information using the

same words. Reiterate information using different

words.

Use memory joggers: Make information easier to

remember with mnemonic devices (rhymes, stories,

or acronyms). Like “SOLER”

Use the principles of primacy and recency: Know

that people tend to remember what came first and

what came last.


Help Others Respond to Your Message

Encourage questions: Encourage people to

interrupt you with their questions.

Encourage note taking: Give people permission to

take notes during your presentation.

Encourage nonverbal responsiveness: Encourage

listeners to use nonverbal messages to convey

both understanding and confusion.


Assignments

Glossophopia essay Essay [written and verbal components] (25 points/5%)

◦ Topic: Fear of public speaking (glossophobia) is a common phobia. It can range

from slight nervousness to paralyzing fear and panic. Many people with this

phobia avoid public speaking situations altogether or they suffer through them

with shaking hands and a quavering voice. Write an essay in which you analyze

ways to overcome this phobia and draw conclusions about the importance of

confident public speaking in your personal and professional life.

◦ 2-page maximum, 3-minute presentations

◦ Essay is due at the start of class Tuesday, Feb. 3. Refer to the syllabus…you will be graded on all aspects listed!

Reference my lecture and the book (Chapter 11)

Use the feedback you received on your email assignment to improve your writing.

Use the feedback you will receive on your partner introduction speech to improve your presentation

skills.

Pay attention to the rubric. It’s all there for you.



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