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Welcome to the first issue of the NEC Electronics Microcontroller
Newsletter. Its filled with news about microcontrollers, development
tools, and other info of interest to designers and decision-makers.
M C U S O L U T I O N S
Low-cost, low-pin-count,self-programming flash microcontrollers
The 78K0S/Kx1+ series of 8-bit flash microcontrollers is the latest addition
to NEC Electronics extensive K1 family. Available in 16-, 20-, and 30-pin
packages, these devices offer designers low-cost, low-pin-count solutions
with a small footprint and single-voltage self-programming flash memory.
Reliability-enhancing peripherals
The 78K0S/Kx1+ devices share a number of safety features common to all
members of the K1 family. Power-on-reset (POR) circuitry, a low-voltage
indicator (LVI) with a programmable threshold, a fail-safe clock and a
watchdog timer that can be driven by an internal or external clock all serve
to enhance system reliability. An on-chip, quick-start 8 MHz precision ring
oscillator with a programmable prescaler conserves board space and pins,
while offering designers the flexibility to balance performance and power.
Other features include an advanced four-channel 10-bit A/D converter, support
for LIN bus modes, and an interval timer with PWM outputs.
microcontroller
ISSUE 1 | WINTER
480,000,000*. Thats how
microcontrollers NEC Electro
shipped in 2003. If you need an
doesnt it make sense to buy from
supplier of choice for so m
IN THIS ISSUEM C U S O L U T I O N S
Low-Pin-Count MCUs
Tech Tip
Motor Control Made Easy
D E S I G N T O O L S
Applilet Device Driver Generator
M-Station Evaluation System
I N D U ST R Y S TA N D AR D S
EEMBC Benchmarking
CONTEST
Show Off Your LCD Designsand Win
N E C I N F O R M A T I O N
eCommerce
Subscription and Feedback
Sales Contacts
TECH TIPWatch your speed! Dont fall into the trap
comparing microcontroller performance only b
crystal frequency. An interesting architectur
feature of NEC Electronics 8-bit micros is th
they run directlyoff the crystaloscillator circuitr
without a divide-by-two flip-flop.
As a bonus, the same fast clock drives th
peripherals. Of course, both the CPU core an
the peripherals have individual selectab
prescalers for power-saving clock slow-dow
modes. You can easily meet your RF and EM
emission specifications when your cryst
speed is ideally matched to your performance
Dave Braverman
*Dataquest, June 2004
78K0S/KY1+
16
1, 2, 4 KB
128 bytes
10 MHz
8 MHz 5%
14
1
-
2.0Vto 5.5V
78K0S/KA1+
20
2, 4 KB
128,256 bytes
10 MHz
8 MHz 5%
17
1
1
2.0V to 5.5V
78K0S/KB1+
30
4, 8 KB
256 bytes
10 MHz
8 MHz 5%
26
1
1
2.0V to 5.5V
Part number
Number of pins
Flash memory
RAM
Maximum oscillation frequency
Internal ring oscillator frequency
Total I/O ports
Input ports
Output ports
Supply voltage
NEC Electronics low-pin-count 78K0S/Kx1 series lineup
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2
Self-programming flash memory
The 78K0S/Kx1+ series microcontrollers support 1 to 8 KB of
high-density, single-voltage, self-programming flash memorybased on SST SuperFlash technology. The self-programming
capability enables both in-circuit programming during
production and remote programming in the field, providing
a new level of flexibility for software and product changes. In
addition, the flash memory can be used as nonvolatile data
memory, eliminating the need for EEPROM and thereby
reducing the number of overall system components.
Akikazu Yada
M C U S O L U T I O N S
Motor control made easy
With 1.4 billion motors manufactured in the U.S. per year,
the market for embedded motor controllers is huge. It is also
driven by the demand for energy-efficient, high-performance
variable-speed drives (VSDs), greater functionality, and cost-
competitive solutions. NEC Electronics is meeting these
demands head-on with a growing line of feature-rich, single-
chip 8- and 32-bit ASSPs designed for inverter control of
brushless DC (BLDC) motors, permanent magnet (PM)synchronous motors, and AC induction motors. Spanning
operating frequencies from 8 to 80 MHz, these products
offer cost-effective, energy-efficient, low-noise motor control
solutions for applications ranging from fans and hand-held
power tools to washing machines, refrigerators, AC servos,
factory automation equipment, and high-end industrial VSDs.
New 8-bit controllers for BLDC and
PM synchronous motors
NEC Electronics new flash-based PD78F0714 microcon-
troller is one of the most cost-effective solutions on themarket for optimized variable-speed control of BLDC and
PM synchronous motors in low- to mid-end applications
such as power tools and home appliances. Built around a
20 MHz 8-bit core, the PD78F0714 has 1 KB of RAM and
32 KB of self-programming flash memory that supports
both in-circuit and remote programming. Dedicated motor
control peripherals include a 10-bit inverter timer capable
of controlling a 3-phase motor, a 6-phase PWM with an
8-bit dead-time unit, an 8-channel 10-bit A/D converter, and
two A/D trigger-compare registers. A 16-bit up/downencoder timer can be interfaced to an optical encoder
mounted on the motor shaft for accurate speed and
position sensing. In addition, the PD78F0714 provides a
2-channel real-time port, a 3-wire CSI port, and a UART.
Safety features are critical for motor control applications.
Consequently, the PD78F0714 provides an emergency
shutdown pin for the inverter timer outputs to protect the
motor and inverter, a power-on clear (POC) circuit, and a
low-voltage indicator (LVI) for controlled shutdown and
recovery in the event of power failure.
High-speed 32-bit controllers for vector control
Advanced motor control techniques such as vector control
significantly increase motor efficiency, resulting in longer
life, lower power dissipation, and lower system cost. However,
vector control requires a powerful microcontroller that can
handle computationally intensive algorithms, as well as provide
closed-loop control and precise pulse-width modulation.
The V850E/IA3and V850E/IA4 microcontrollers have
been specifically designed to deliver the performance, DSPcapabilities and peripherals required for vector control, while
still meeting the price demanded by todays competitive
market.These devices are based on a five-stage pipeline V850E1
core that offers 82 MIPS performance at 64 MHz, a single-
cycle 16 x 16/32 x 32-bit hardware multiplier, and a 2-cycle
multiply-accumulate function. Both devices are available in
mask ROM and self-programming flash versions, each with
four-point ROM correction. A four-channel 8- or 16-bit DMAC
guarantees fast data transfer and simplifies board design.
The V850E/IA3 device supports a full suite of dedicated
motor control peripherals, including a 16-bit inverter timer
with six PWM outputs, an 8-bit dead-time generation
timer, two high-speed 12 x 10-bit A/D converters with a 2
microsecond (s) conversion speed, and a delta-sigma A/D
converter. An on-chip op-amp input with adjustable gain
and over-voltage comparator has been added to reduce
system costs. Communication peripherals include two CSI
Continued from page 1.
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microcontroller
ports and two UARTs. The V840E/IA4 microcontroller,
which is designed to control two independent motors, has
two sets of inverter timers and motor control peripheralsand more A/D channels in a larger package with more I/Os.
32 MHz performance for a variety of applications
Of course, not all motor control applications require 64 MHz
performance. For scalar control of BLDC, PM synchronous,
and AC induction motors, NEC Electronics has introduced the
V850ES/IK1 microcontroller, a lower-cost cousin to the
V850E/IA3. At 32 MHz, the V850ES/IK1 still delivers
significant performance and also includes the same DSP
features as the V850E/IA3 in a lower-pin-count package.
Three versions of the device are available: the PD70F3329with 128 KB of self-programming flash memory and 6 KB
RAM, the PD703327 with 64 KB mask ROM and 4 KB RAM,
and the PD703329 with 128 KB of mask ROM and 6 KB
RAM. Like the V850E/IA3 and V850E/IA4 microcontrollers,
these devices offer a complete set of dedicated peripherals
for 3-phase inverter control and multiple 16-bit timers.
Development support
Several of NEC Electronics inverter controllers come with an
on-chip debugging (OCD) function for in-circuit debugging
via a serial connection. These devices are supported by twolow-cost OCD tools: the Minicube for 8-bit devices and the
N-wire PCMCIA card for 32-bit devices.
In addition, NEC Electronics offers IECUBE, a full-function
in-circuit emulator supporting 64 MHz operation. Many of NEC
A SIGN YOURE USING THEBEST MICROCONTROLLER FOR
YOUR LCD-BASED DESIGN.
2004 NEC Electronics America, Inc.
Microcontrollers with LCD drivers. See your options atwww.necelam.com/lcdmcu
Electronics development tools are equipped with a function
to prevent the circuit burnout inherent in the debugging of
motor and inverter systems. As a further aid to developers,NEC Electronics offers reference designs and demonstration
systems for BLDC, permanent magnet AC, and induction
motor control using scalar and vector techniques in both
sensored and sensorless modes. John Pocs
Three-Phase Inverter Control Timers
6-phase PWM output with dead-time unit
8-, 10-, and 16-bit resolution
Symmetric and asymmetric triangular waves
Interrupt culling rates from 1/1 to 1/16
Forcible stop function for PWM outputs
Carrier and duty buffer registers with synchronized, anytime, or batch rewriteReal-time output function
A/D Converters
Both SAR and delta-sigma types
Synchronized conversion start with inverter timer
Software and hardware conversion start
Eight conversion result registers
Op-amp input with adjustable gain and over-voltage comparator
PWM
Up to four additional 12- to 16-bit PWM outputs
Main pulse and additional pulse configuration
Active level of PWM output pulse selectable
Up/Down Encoder
Two-phase encoder with 8- to 16-bit up/down counter
Four operating modes
Safety Features
Analog comparator for over-current detection
Six-phase PWM output switched to high-impedance
mode by comparator or external pin
Power-on clear, low-voltage indicator, ring oscillator,
clock monitor, and watchdog timer
ASSP Motor Control Peripherals
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D E S I G N T O O L S
Applilet device driver generator
The task of developing device drivers used to be time-
consuming, tedious, and subject to error. It required
reading the manual to decipher the meaning of each bit,
and then writing, compiling, and debugging code. With
Applilet, life is easieryou can create valid, target-specific,
driver source code in minutes.
Applilet is a free program that automatically generates
device drivers for NEC Electronics K1 family of 8- and 32-
bit microcontrollers. The program displays the peripherals
supported by each microcontroller. All you have to do is
select the peripherals you want to configure, answer the
questions in the dialog box, and click the Generate Source
Code button. Tailor-made peripheral driver source code is
generated instantly in Assembly or C language.
Applilets device drivers include initialization code for
each peripheral and interrupt service routines, as well as
functional blocks such as the SendData() and ReceiveData()
functions commonly used in serial communication
applications. All function modules are available to the
user and can be viewed before generating the actual sourcecode. An important feature of Applilet is its ability to warn
users when there is a conflict during the configuration of
a peripheral, thereby providing a level of error checking
before the code is even generated. To download your free
copy of Applilet, go to the NEC Electronics development
tool web site at www.necelam.com/microcontrollers/devtools.
Nelson Quintana
M-Station evaluation system
Introducing M-Stationa low-cost evaluation system with
flash programming and source-level debugging functionality.
Designed to get you started with NEC Electronics 8-bit
microcontrollers, the system provides everything you need
to write, compile, download, and debug user code. Full-speed
program execution allows you to test hardware and software
in real time.
Designed for flexibility
M-Station has two primary hardware components: the
M-Station motherboard and a micro-board. The motherboardconnects to the host computer via a USB 2.0 interface. It
includes a built-in flash programmer, as well as EEPROM
with an I2C interface, an RS-232 driver, a potentiometer,
user LEDs, LCDs, and switches for testing peripherals. As
an option, CAN or LIN transceivers and external SRAM
chips can be added. The motherboard also has a prototyping
area for wiring your own circuits.
The micro-board holds the microcontroller under evaluation
and provides crystals for the clock and subclock. It can
mount directly onto the motherboard or be integrated into
a target system and connected to the motherboard through
a 16-pin cable. On-board components include a reset switch,
terminals for monitoring power consumption, and 0.1-inch
center headers for easy access to all microcontroller pins.
For low-cost flexibility, the M-Station motherboard and micro-
boards can be purchased separately. A common motherboard
supports all of NEC Electronics 8-bit microcontrollers, so you
can easily evaluate a broad range of devices by just swapping
the micro-board.
Source-level debugger
The M-Station debugger software provides full source-level
and symbolic debugging with real-time code execution.
Functions include reset, start, stop, single step, step over, step
out, and breakpoint setting. The GUI displays coordinated
source and disassembly windows, memory and special
function register (SFR) windows, and a watch variables
window that provides access to any C object including
enums, bit fields, structs, arrays and floats.
4
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microcontroller
Terminal emulation software
In addition to the source-level debugger, the M-Station system includes a
terminal emulation software package (MSTTERM) similar in functionality
to the well-known HyperTerminal tool included with Microsoft Windows
operating systems. MSTTERM takes advantage of the M-Stations USB 2.0
interface to allow users to test applications that involve serial communication
between a host computer and a microcontrollers UART peripheral.
Free development software
To get your application up and running, M-Station comes with a C compiler,
assembler, and linker. As a further aid to developers, NEC Electronics offersa number of free software packages: Applilet device driver generator and
an evaluation version of NEC Electronics system simulator can be down-
loaded from the NEC Electronics America development tools web site at
www.necelam.com/microcontrollers/devtools. Nelson Quintana
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M-station Features
Source-level debugger with real-time execution and breakpoint setting
Built-in flash programmer
Motherboard/micro-board configuration for low-cost evaluation of multiple devices
Terminal emulation software
C compiler, assembler, and linker
Motherboard
USB 2.0 interface/connection to host computer
EEPROM, RS-232 driver, potentiometer, user LEDs, LCDs, and switches
Support for optional CAN or LIN transceivers and external SRAM
Prototyping area for expansion of application circuitry
Battery operation for portability during demonstrations
Micro-board
On-board flash MCU with crystals for clock and subclock
Reset switch and terminals for monitoring power consumption
0.1-inch center headers for easy access to all microcontroller pins
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I N D U S TR Y S TA N D A R DS
Give your embedded system
a reality check
Ever wonder which microcontroller
is the best for your application? You
may want to consider using Embedded
Microprocessor Benchmark Consortium
(EEMBC) benchmarks. These bench-
marks provide an easy way to objectively evaluate both
microcontroller performance and compiler efficiency.
Moreover, they offer system designers a valuable tool for
selecting the right embedded processors for their systems.
EEMBC was founded by a group of semiconductor vendors
seeking a method for determining relative levels of processor
performance with more representative workloads than
Dhrystones. Today EEMBC's members include over 50 of
the worlds leading microcontroller and microprocessor
vendors. NEC Electronics has been a part of this effort since
EEMBCs founding in 1997.
NEC Electronics EEMBC-benchmarked MCUs
To date, NEC Electronics has benchmarked six microcontrollers.
The 32-bit V850E-50 microcontroller was benchmarked
twice to compare the effect of settings that minimize code
size and settings that maximize speed. Similarly, the V850ES/SA2-20 microcontroller was benchmarked twice to compare
the effect of the Green Hills and NEC Electronics compilers.
In addition, NEC Electronics has benchmarked a variety of
64-bit MIPS
RISC microprocessors. Scores for all devices
are posted at www.necelam.com or www.eembc.org. Look
for the certified benchmarks of more NEC Electronics
microcontrollers soon. David Lamar
CO N T EST
Show off your LCD designs
and win stuff
If youre looking for a microcontroller with an LCD driver,
talk to us. NEC Electronics offers more than fifty series
of microcontrollers with a wide range of memory and
peripheral options. No matter how many segments your
design requires, we have an extensive selection of LCD
microcontrollers to choose from.
And if you happen to be a creative
type looking for an opportunity
to show off your ingenuity, wealso have a challenge for you
the Cornelius Van Drebbel Mad
Design Contest, sponsored by
NEC Electronics America and EDN
Magazine. Design something interesting, innovative, or just
plain wacky using an NEC Electronics 8-bit microcontroller
with an integrated LCD driver. The most innovative among
you will walk away with a cash prize.
While it's too late to send in a hardware entry for the
$10,000 prize, you still have until January 5th to submit an
e-paper design for the $2,000 first-place prize. Plus, everyone
who submits a valid entry will receive a consolation prize. Are
you up for the challenge? Go to www.maddesigncontest.com
to register and learn about good old Cornelius too.
David Lamar
6
Device
PD780388-10
V850ES/SA2-20
V850ES/SA2-20
V850E-50
V850E-50
V832-143
Speed
10 MHz
20 MHz
20 MHz
50 MHz
50 MHz
143MHz
Size
8-bit
32-bit
32-bit
32-bit
32-bit
32-bit
Benchmarking notes
First 8-bit micro benchmarked
NEC Electronics compiler used
GHS compiler used
For minimized code size
For maximum speed
NEC Electronics compiler used
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microcontroller
2004 NEC Electronics America, Inc. The information in this documentis current as of November 2004. The information issubject to change withoutnotice. For actual design-in, refer to the latestpublications of NEC Electronicsdata sheets or data books, etc., for
the most up-to-date specificationsof NEC Electronicsproducts. Notall productsand/or types are available in every country. Please checkwith an NECsales representative for availabilityand additional information.
No part of thisdocumentmay be copied or reproduced in any form or by anymeanswithoutprior written consentof NECElectronics. NEC Electronics assumesno responsibility for any errors thatmay appear in thisdocument.
NEC Electronicsdoes not assume any liability for infringementof patents, copyrightsor other intellectualproperty rights of third parties by or arising from the use of NEC Electronicsproducts listed in this documentor any other liability arising from the use of such
NECElectronics products. No license, express, implied or otherwise, is granted under any patents, copyrightsor other intellectualproperty rights of NECElectronics or others.
Descriptionsof circuits, software and other related information in this document are provided for illustrative purposesin semiconductor productoperation and application examples. The incorporation of these circuits, software and information in the design of customer's
equipmentshall be done under the full responsibility of customer. NECElectronics no responsibility for anylosses incurred bycustomersor third parties arising from the use of these circuits, software and information.
While NECElectronics endeavorsto enhance the quality, reliabilityand safety of NECElectronicsproducts, customers agree and acknowledge thatthe possibilityof defectsthereofcannot be eliminated entirely. To minimize risks of damage to propertyor injury (including
death) to persons arising from defects in NECElectronics products, customersmust incorporate sufficient safetymeasures in their design, such asredundancy, fire-containment and anti-failure features. NECElectronics productsare classified into the following three
quality grades: "Standard", "Special" and "Specific". The "Specific" quality grade appliesonly to NEC Electronics productsdeveloped based on a customer-designated "qualityassurance program" for a specific application. The recommended applicationsof NEC
Electronicsproduct depend on itsquality grade, as indicated below. Customers mustcheck the quality grade of each NEC Electronicsproduct before using it in a particular application.
"Standard": Computers, office equipment, communicationsequipment, test and measurementequipment, audio and visualequipment, home electronicappliances, machine tools, personalelectronicequipmentand industrialrobots. "Special": Transportation equipment
(automobiles, trains, ships, etc.), traffic control systems, anti-disaster systems, anti-crime systems, safetyequipment and medical equipment(not specificallydesigned for life support). "Specific": Aircraft, aerospace equipment, submersible repeaters, nuclear reactor
control systems, life support systemsand medical equipmentfor life support, etc.
The quality grade of NECElectronics productsis "Standard" unlessotherwise expresslyspecified in NEC Electronicsdata sheetsor data books, etc. Ifcustomerswish to use NECElectronics productsin applicationsnot intended by NECElectronics, theymust contact
an NECElectronics sales representative in advance to determine NEC Electronics' willingnessto support a given application.
NOTES: (1) "NECElectronics" asused in thisstatement meansNEC ElectronicsCorporation and also includesits majority-owned subsidiaries. (2) "NEC Electronicsproducts" meansany productdeveloped or manufactured byor for NECElectronics (as defined above).
All trademarksin this documentare the propertyof NEC ElectronicsCorporation, exceptas noted otherwise.
SA L ES CO N T A CT S
Distribution power
Thanks to our key partners, NEC Electronics microcontrollers are never far away. For a complete listing of our
representatives and distributors, visit www.necelam.com/sales.
S U B S C R I P T I O N A N D F E E D B A C K
The choice is yours
We welcome your comments and suggestions. Send us an email to let us know whats on your mind.
You can always contact us at [email protected].
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Santa Clara, CA 95050-2554, USA
T: +1-408-588-6000 or 1-800-366-9782
F: +1-408-588-6130
www.necelam.com
NEC Electronics Corporation
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Kawasaki, Kanagawa 211-8666 Japan
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40472 Dsseldorf, Germany
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F: +49-0-211 65 03 327
www.ee.nec.de
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CElectronicsAmerica,Inc.
80ScottBoulevard
ntaClara,CA95050-2554
microcontroller
ISSUE 1 | WINTER 20
If you know your wayaround a microcontroller,we have news for you.. Motor control solutions. Free software for instant device driver code.
Ultra-low-cost debugger and flash programmer. Design contest for slightly bent creative geniuses. Low-pin-count microcontrollers with self-programming flash
