ME - Book Keywords

7/28/2019 ME - Book Keywords

1/18

ME -I


2/18

Managerial Economics

sl no. unit 1:-introduction to

managerial economics

1 definitions 2

2 prof. Spencer Singleman 2

3 Prof.Hague 2

4 prof.Joel Dean 2

5 Prof,Mansfield 2

6 Mc Nair and Meriam 2

7 nature of managerial

economics

4

8 micro economics 4

9 forecasting 4

10 applied branch of knowledge 5

11 deductive logic 5

12 scientific approach 5

13 scope of managerialeconomics

6

14 demand analysis and

forecasting

6

15 production function 7

16 cost analysis 7

17 inventory management 7

18 advertising 7

19 price system 8

20 resource allocation 8

21 capital budgeting 9

22 subject matter of managerial

economics

9

23 decision making 9

24 forward planning 9

25 significance of managerial

economics

10

26 risk 10

27 economic problems 11

28 source of economic problems 11

29 resource and scarcity 11

30 land labour capital 11

31 factors of production 11

32 entrepreneurship 11


3/18

unit 9:- pricing and output

determination under perfectcompetition

1 concept of market 226

2 national market 226

3 modern view 227

4 classification of market on thebasis of nature of competition

228

5 pure and perfect competition 229

6 pure competition 229

7 large number of buyers andsellers

229

8 homogeneous products 229

9 free entry and free exit of firms 229

10 perfect competition 230

11 perfect knowledge 230

12 no discrimination 230

13 no cost of transportation 230

14 mobility of factors of production 230

15 automatic price mechanism 231

16 demand curve under perfect

competition

232

17 working of price mechanism

under perfect competition

233

18 general rule of price

determination

233

19 change in equilibrium price 234

20 changes in demand 235

21 changes in supply 235

22 changes in demand and supply 236

23 laws of demand supply and price 237

24 Dr.Alfred Marshall'sclassification of market on the

basis of time

238

25 market period 238

26 short- run 239

27 long run 240


4/18

28 equilibrium of firm and industry

under perfect competition

243

29 concept of firm and industry 243

30 concept of equilibrium 243

31 equilibrium of firm 244

32 equilibrium of firm with marginalcost and marginal revenue

method

244

33 equilibrium of firm under perfect

competition

245

34 short run equilibrium 247

35 super normal profit 248

36 normal profit 248

37 losses 248

38 closing down production 249

39 long run equilibrium 250

40 equilibrium of industry 251

unit 10:- imperfect competition

1 monopoly 258

2 pure and perfect monopoly 258

3 impure monopoly 258

4 features of simple or limited

monopoly

258

5 single producer 258

6 no close substitute 258

7 barriers of entry of firms 259

8 demand curve under monopoly 259

9 distinction between perfect

competition and monopoly

260

10 determination of price and output-equilibrium under monopoly

262

11 short run 262

12 normal profit 263

13 supernormal profit 263

14 long run equilibrium under

monopoly

264


5/18

15 price discrimination under

monopoly

266

16 what is price discrimination 266

17 when is price discriminationpossible

266

18 legal sanction 267

19 nature of commodity 267

20 geographical barriers 267

21 ignorance of buyers 267

22 conditions of pricediscrimination

267

23 when is it profitable 268

24 conditions of equilibrium under

price discrimination

268

25 equilibrium under discriminating

monopoly

270

26 dumping 271

27 degrees of price discrimination 271

28 monopolistic competition

features

273

29 fairly large number of firms 273

30 product differentiation 273

31 selling costs 274

32 price differences within a price

range

274

33 elastic demand 274

34 price war 274

35 gift articles 275

36 unfair methods 275

37 determination of price and output

under monopolistic competition

277

38 short run equilibrium under

monopolistic competition

278

39 short run equilibrium under monopolistic competition :profit

278

40 losses under monopolisticcompetition

279

41 long run equilibrium under


279


6/18

42 group equilibrium under


280

43 the number of sellers is large and

there is free entry and exit of

firms

280

44 comparison of long runequilibrium under perfectcompetition and monopolistic

competition

280

45 monopsony 282

46 oligopoly and duopoly 283

47 features of oligopoly 283

48 few sellers/ produces 283

49 U shaped 283

50 restrictions to entry 283

51 advertisement 284

52 price-control 284

53 demand curve under oligopoly/duopoly

284

54 equilibrium under oligopoly 285

55 kinked demand curve 286

56 miscellaneous issues in


289


58 selling cost is U shaped 290

59 ASC decreases 290

60 economies of specialisation 290

61 economies of repetition 290

62 difficulties in trying to influence

the buyers preference

291

63 counter- advertisement by

competitors

291

64 factors influencing selling costs 291

65 type of product 291

66 introduction of new goods 291

67 technology changes 291

68 other factors 291

69 selling costs and the e demand-

average revenue - curve of the

firm

291


7/18

70 effect of selling cost on the price

of the product

292

71 non-price competition 292

72 gift articles 293

73 crossword contest 293

74 wastes of monopolistic

competition

294


76 excess capacity 294

77 unemployment 295

78 cross transport 295

79 lack of specialisation 295

80 inefficiency 295

unit 11:-pricing methods or

pricing practices

1 full cost or cost plus pricing 302

2 inadequacies of cost pricing 303

3 justification of cost plus pricing 303

4 role of cost plus pricing 304

5 for product tailoring 304

6 for refusal pricing 304

7 for monopsony pricing 305

8 for public utility pricing 305

9 pricing of multiple products 305

10 opportunities to produce multiple

products

305

11 excess capacity 306

12 seasonal variation 306

13 cyclical changes 306

14 secular shifts 306

15 vertical integration 306

16 research 307

17 policy of adding products 30718 standards of profitability 307

19 product strategy 308

20 criteria for new products 308

21 policy of dropping products 309

22 cost of multiple product 310

23 jointness of products 310


8/18

24 allocation of variable overhead 310

25 going rate pricing 311

26 marginal cost pricing 312

27 some other approaches 314

28 intuitive pricing 314

29 experimental pricing 314

30 imitative pricing 315

31 some guidelines for fixation 316

32 single product pricing 316

33 pioneering price 316

34 skimming price 316

35 penetration price 316

36 price in maturity 316

37 cyclical price 317

38 backward cost pricing 317

39 refusal pricing 317

40 psychological consideration 317

41 product line pricing 318

42 alternative policies of price

relationship

318

43 price that are proportional to full

cost

318

44 the price that are proportional to

incremental cost

318

45 price with profit marginsproportion al to conversion costs

318

46 prices that produce contribution

margins depend upon the

elasticity of demand of differentmarket segment

318

47 prices that are systematically

related to the stage of the marketand the competitive development

of individual members of the

product line

319

48 factors to be considered inpricing

319


9/18

49 demand relationship in the

product line

319

50 competitive difference 320

51 cost estimates 320

52 some problem of product line

pricing

320

53 pricing product that differ in size 320

54 pricing product that differ inquality

320

55 charm prices 321

56 pricing special design s 321

57 charging different prices at

different times

321

58 pricing repair parts 321

59 pricing in public sector undertaking-PSU

322

60 responsibility for pricing 323

61 features of pricing in publicenterprises

323

62 price policies of publicenterprises in India

324

63 profit as the basis of price policy 324

64 no profit basis 325

65 import parity price 32566 guidelines on pricing policy 325

67 pricing in co-operative societies 326

68 cost based pricing 327

69 subsidized pricing 327

70 demand based pricing 327

71 competitive pricing 327

unit 12:-cost benefit analysis

1 public goods vs. private goods 336

2 product divisibility 336

3 externalities 338

4 market external effects 339

5 non- market- external effects 339

6 marginal cost 340


10/18

7 average cost 340

8 impure public goods 340

9 steps in cost benefit analysis 341

10 identification of a project 341

11 formulation of the project 342

12 appraisal and selection of theproject

342

13 comparison of cash-flow 342

14 selection and implementation 342

15 mid term project evaluation 343

16 justification of the use of cost

benefit analysis

343

17 social costs and benefits 343

18 intangible factors 344

19 overall profitability 344

20 certain uncertainty vs. uncertain

certainty

344

21 social scale of preference 344

22 national industrial policy 345

23 future disposable value 345

24 unforeseen circumstances 345

25 cost benefit analysis: private and

social

346

26 Private vs. social goals 347

27 partial contradiction between

interest

347

28 valuation of costs and benefits 348

29 methods of valuation 349

30 marginal social damage 350

31 marginal private damage 350

32 marginal cost of abatement 350

33 policies to reconcile private and

public costs and benefits

351

34 private action providing

correctives

351

35 negotiation 351

36 liability rules 352

37 government action 352

38 externality taxes 353


11/18

39 cost benefit analysis and overall

resource allocation

354

40 correctives for chock and

disturbances

354

41 speeding up the pace of the

economy

354

42 weeding out economic evils 354

43 structural changes in the

economy

355

44 fine tuning of the economy 355

45 cost benefit considerations at themacro level

355

46 production possibility curve 356

47 advantages of cost -benefitanalysis

357

48 limitations 35849 overall resource allocation -

market mechanism

359

50 assumption of market or price

mechanism

360

51 criticism of market or price

mechanism

360

52 foundations of market system of economy

361

53 individual , the best judge of self

-interest

361

54 consumers sovereignty 362

55 freely fluctuating price

mechanism

362

56 private enterprises 362

57 private profit motive 362

58 institution of private property 363

59 existence of cooperation 363

60 harmony between individual

interests and interests of thecommunity

363

61 no interference by the state-

Laissez Faire

363

unit 13:- macro economic

analysis


12/18

1 J.M Keynes 370

2 General theory of employment,interest and money

370

3 importance of macro-economic

studies

371

4 empirical evidences 371

5 policy -orientation 371

6 national income 371

7 income and employment theoryand monetary theory

371

8 dynamic science 371

9 Keynesian macro-economic

theory

372

10 full employment 373

11 determination causes solution 373

12 basis assumption of the theory 373

13 short run equilibrium 373

14 technology stock of capital 373

15 perfect competition 373

16 increasing costs 373

17 closed economy 374

18 government 374

19 effective demand 374

20 aggregate supply function 374

21 aggregate demand function 374

22 concept of effective demand 374

23 deficient aggregate demand 375

24 aggregate supply function 376

25 aggregate supply schedule 376

26 aggregate demand function 377

27 aggregate demand schedule 378

28 autonomous consumptions 38029 determination of equilibrium

level of output/employment

380

30 effective demand 380

31 cost of production 380

32 revenue 380

33 determination of equilibrium atless than full employment

382


13/18

34 importance of aggregate demand

function

383

35 consumption demand 383

36 investment demand 383

37 fiscal policy measures 383

38 Keynesian remedy to

unemployment: government

intervention

385

39 fiscal policy measures 385

40 consumption function 386

41 investment function 386

42 marginal efficiency of capital 386

43 rate of interest 386

44 liquidity preference 387

45 quantity of money supply 387

46 transactions motive 388

47 precautionary motive 388

48 speculative emotive 388

49 business fluctuations 389

50 definitions of business or trade

cycle

390

51 phases of business cycle 390

52 line of cycle 390

53 prosperity: expansion and peak 392

54 Turning point and recession 393

55 depression and trough 393

56 recovery or revival 395

57 inflation 396

58 Prof. Samuelson 396

59 causes of inflation 397

60 increase in public expenditure 398

61 increase in private expenditure 398

62 increase in foreign demand 398

63 reduction in taxation 399

64 repayment of internal debts 399

65 changes in expectations 399

66 factors from supply side 399


14/18

67 scarcity of factors of production 399

68 bottlenecks 400

69 natural calamities 400

70 hoarding by merchants 400

71 rise in costs 401

72 consequences of inflation 402

73 effects on production 402

74 through investment 402

75 switchover of business 402

76 uncertainty 403

77 change in composition of

production

403

78 poor quality of output 403

79 public unrest 403

80 distortion of price 403

81 effect on distribution 404

82 creditor and debtor 404

83 wage and salary earners 404

84 entrepreneurs as a class 404

85 investors as a class 404

86 farmers 405

87 other consequences 405

88 financial institutions 405

89 foreign trade 40590 price structure 405

91 reduction in developmentexpenditure

405

91 effect on currency 406

92 non -economical effects 406

93 macro policies 407

94 full employment 407

95 economic stabilization 408

96 fiscal policies 408

97 monetary policy 409

unit 14:- government and private

business

1 value added tax 420

2 need for government

intervention

421


15/18

3 shortcomings of market system/

limitations or defect of marketsystem

421

4 inequalities of income and wealth421

5 emergence of monopolies 421

6 competitive monopoly 421

7 failure to provide full

employment

422

8 instability 422

9 wastages of market economy 423

10 overproduction 424

11 underproduction 424

12 indifference to and sacrifice to

social welfare

425

13 poverty in the midst of plenty 425

14 undesirable psychological and

social effects

426

15 exploitation of backward

countries and world rivalry

426

16 causes of rise in price in India 428

17 demand pull factors 428

18 mounting governmentexpenditure

428

19 non plan and plan expenditure 428

20 deficit financing and increase in

money supply

428

21 role of black money 429

22 uncontrolled growth of population

429

23 cost- push factors 429

24 fluctuations in output and supply 430

25 taxation as a factor in rising costs 430

26 administered pricing 430

27 hike in oil prices and global

inflation

430

28 other factors 431


16/18

29 causes of inflationary pressure in

the 90's and after 2000

431

30 higher fiscal deficit 431

31 sharp reserve money 431

32 supply demand imbalances 431

33 price controls in India 432

34 demand management 432

35 fiscal measures 432

36 revenue deficit 432

37 fiscal deficit 432

38 monetary measures 433

39 supply management 434

40 fixation of maximum prices 434

41 the system of dual prices 435

42 increase in supplies of food

grains

435

43 problem of oilseeds and edible

oils

435

44 public distribution system-PDS

and consumer protection

435

45 control over private trade in food

grains

435

46 other relevant measures by

government of India to control

inflation

436

47 direct government role 436

48 administered prices 436

49 the system of dual prices 437

50 support/procurement prices 437

51 public distribution system 439

52 rationale of PDS 439

53 supplies to the public distribution

system

439

54 protection of consumer interests 441

55 countervailing power 441

56 consumer protection Act,1986 441

57 protection from hazardous

commodities

441

58 right to information 441


17/18

59 right to competitive price 441

60 right to be heard 441

61 right to information regarding

protection

442

62 consumer protection Act 442

63 sales of goods act 442

64 Indian contract act 442

65 negotiable instrument act 442

66 banking regulation act 442

67 companies act 442

68 the new industrial policy 1991 444

69 industrial licensing policy 444

70 industrial licensing is compulsory

for

445

71 list of industries to be reserved ofthe public sector

445

72 foreign investment 446

73 foreign technology 446

74 public sector policy 447

75 MRTP Act 448

76 BIFR 448

77 DE-reservation -further

liberalization

448

78 economic liberalization 450

79 the process of disinvestment:

needs and methods

454

80 need for disinvestment 454

81 phased privatization 454

82 professionalism 454

83 reducing deficits 454

84 reallocation of resources 455

85 capital support to plans 455

86 substitute for taxation 455

87 methods of disinvestment 45588 partial transfer of ownership 455

89 total denationalization 456

90 liquidation 456

91 management buy-out 457

92 disinvestment without

privatization

457


18/18

93 methods of implementation 457

94 sale of stocks and allotment 458

95 negotiating joint ownership 458

96 open auction 458

97 informal approach 458

98 pre-planned transfer 458

99 systematic denationalization 459

100 liquidation 459

101 disinvestment of public sectorshareholding-Indian experience

460

102 disinvestment of PSU shares 460

103 IPCL BALCO ITDC 461

104 Indian airlines 462

Date post:	03-Apr-2018
Category:	Documents
Upload:	kabad-singh
View:	224 times
Download:	0 times

ME - Book Keywords

Documents