Meaning of Data - Web Semantics in TYPO3

Meaning of Data - Web Semantics in TYPO3 Oliver Hader, 09/2015

Meaning of DataWeb Semantics in TYPO3


session:~$ whoami

• freelance software engineer

• since 2007 TYPO3 Core Developer / Active Contributor

• from 2010 to 2015 Leader of the TYPO3 Core Team

• 2002-2007 studies in computer science

• since 2014 studies in internet web science


Overview

• “What is it all about?!“

• Linked Open Data - An idea…

• Boring Theory - Technology Stack

• Reasoning & Examples

• Possibilities for TYPO3


“What is it all about?!“

Google Search for “palma de mallorca“

… for “weather in palma de mallorca“

DBpedia - basically Wikipedia extraction



“brad pitt fighting with his wife in a movie“


• works quite well

• has limitations on

• combinations

• finding relevant data

• reusing relevant data

Searching in Google


Linked Open Data

Linked Open Data Graph 2009

Linked Open Data Graph 2014


Linked Open Data

• synonyms: “car” vs. “automobile“

• homonyms: “jaguar“ could be car, animal or Mac OS X

• hierarchy: “car“ and “bicycle“ are known as “vehicle“

• language: “visualize“ vs. “visualise“

• language: “visualisieren“@de vs. “visualiser“@fr


Linked Open Data• Wikipedia has lots of information already

• HTML just represents and links information

• HTML does not provide further meaning of data

• DBpedia is basically a semantic extract of Wikipedia

• DBpedia provides meaning on various resources

• data can be fetched using SPARQL (“semantic SQL“)


Linked Open Data• many variants like WikiData, GeoNames/GeoSPARQL, …

• information is stored at different locations/hosts

• information is linked all across the internet

• URIs are used to identify “things“ for machines

• URLs are used to provide information for humans

• goal is to have a massive graph of linked data


Very Boring Theory


Technology Stack


Technology Stack

• XML & XSD (XML Schema Definition) - valid & well-formed

• RDF (Resource Description Framework) - meaning

• RDF-S (RDF Schema) - add own concepts

• OWL (Ontology Web Language) - vocabulary

• SPARQL - fetch results from the above


RDF Triples• 3 components create a particular meaning • <Subject> <Predicate/Property> <Object> .

• <:Oliver> <:hasFirstName> <“Oliver“> ; <:talksAbout> <:SemanticWeb> ; <:talksAt> <:T3CampMallorca15> .

• <:T3CampMallorca15> <:starts> <“2015-‐09-‐25“^^xsd:date> ; <:ends> <“2015-‐09-‐27“^^xsd:date> ; <:happensIn> <:PalmaDeMallorca> .

• <:PalmaDeMallorca> <owl:sameAs> <dbr:Palma,_Majorca> .

• <dbr:Palma,_Majorca> <rdf:type> <dbo:City> .


RDF Schema• What’s a “City“ actually? • <dbr:Palma,_Majorca> <rdf:type> <dbo:City> .

• <dbo:City> <rdf:type> <rdfs:Class> ; <rdfs:subClassOf> <dbo:Settlement> .

• <:name> <rdf:type> <rdf:Property> ; <rdfs:domain> <dbo:City> ; <rdfs:range> xsd:string .

• <:isPartOf> <rdf:type> <rdf:Property> ; <rdfs:domain> <dbo:City> ; <rdfs:range> <:Region> ; <rdfs:subPropertyOf> <:belongsTo> .


Annotations• describe current document or node

• Rich Snippets

• Microformat (limited vocabulary)

• Microdata

• RDFa Lite (RDF Annotations)

• JSON-LD (Linked Data)


Microdata• <div itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/Movie"> <h1 itemprop="name">Avatar</h1> <div itemprop="director" itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/Person"> Director: <span itemprop="name">James Cameron</span>, born <span itemprop="birthDate">August 16, 1954</span> </div> <span itemprop="genre">Science fiction</span> <a href="../movies/avatar-‐theatrical-‐trailer.html" itemprop="trailer">Trailer</a></div>

• <:something rdf:type http://schema.org/Movie> .<:something http://schema.org/name “Avatar“> .


RDFa Lite• <p vocab="http://schema.org/" typeof="Person"> My name is <span property="name">Manu Sporny</span> and you can give me a ring via <span property="telephone">1-‐800-‐555-‐0199</span> or visit <a property="url" href="http://manu.sporny.org/"> my homepage</a>.</p>

• <:something rdf:type http://schema.org/Person> .<:something http://schema.org/name “Manu Sporny“> .<:something http://schema.org/telephone “…“> .


JSON-LD• { "@context": { "name": "http://schema.org/name", "homepage": { "@id": "http://schema.org/url", "@type": "@id" } }, "name": "Manu Sporny", "homepage": "http://manu.sporny.org/", "image": "http://manu.sporny.org/images/manu.png"}


OWL• effectively working with RDF/RDF-S

• classes & individuals (“instances“)

• properties & data-types (“predicates“)

• ranges & domains

• required for proper reasoning and inference

• comes in 3 dialects - lite, description logic, full


OWL• equivalents by rules

• Spaniard: Person and(inhabitantOf some SpanishCity)

• meaning of properties

• inverse, symmetric, transitive, disjoint, … • <Palma isPartOf Mallorca> & <Mallorca contains Palma>

• cardinalities of properties - minimum, maximum, exact • <:hasParent owl:cardinality “2“^^xsd:integer>


Assumptions• Closed World Assumption (CWA)

• “everything is said, there’s nothing more“

• Open World Assumption (OWA)

• “there might still be more unknown facts“ • <:Bob :hasSister :Alice> .

• <:Bob :hasSister :Cassandra> . # what he does not know…


SPARQL• “it’s like SQL, but very different…“ • PREFIX dbo: <http://dbpedia.org/ontology/>PREFIX dbr: <http://dbpedia.org/resource/>SELECT DISTINCT ?subject ?objectWHERE { ?subject rdf:type dbo:Automobile . ?subject dbo:manufacturer ?object . FILTER(?object = dbr:SEAT)}

• dbr:SEAT_Ibiza # ?subject dbr:SEAT # ?objectdbr:SEAT_Exeo dbr:SEATdbr:SEAT_IBE dbr:SEAT


Storage• MySQL seems to be possible, but gets slow

• Stanbol, Virtuoso, Sesame, Allegro, Jena

• choosing the proper storage depends

• frequency of loads and amount of tripples

• level of inferencing

• query language


Reasoning & Examples


Reasoning & Examples

• Demo in Protégé

• Tool to model ontologies

• Developed at Standford University


Possibilities for TYPO3


Activities in the past• extension “semantic“ # discontinued

• SPARQL endpoint handling to import RDF triples

• extension „scotty“ # discontinued

• bring semantic technologies into TYPO3 CMS

• categories, taxonomies, identities

• diploma thesis by Sebastian Kurfürst # Flow & Neos“Exposing Domain Models as Linked Data“


Future possibilities• linking custom domain models with ontologies

• enriches the meaning of your data

• allows more sophisticated search statements

• exposing data by having an own SPARQL endpoint

• adds more meaning to your data than REST does

• automatically enrich your markup with RDFa

• SEO at it’s best & makes Google happy… maybe…

Just a “VroomVroom“ model example…

Just a “VroomVroom“ view example…


Future possibilities

• project by Johannes Goslar

• RTE with Named Entity Recognition (NER)

• “Alex bought a Jaguar in 2011“

• “Alex[Person] bought[verb] Jaguar[Thing] in 2011[Date]“

• Jaguar could be a car, an animal or Mac OS X version

• automated annotation of written text with RDF tripples

NER example in TYPO3 CMS RTEMeeting, Date, Location


?Questions

ohader

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Links• http://lod-cloud.net/

• http://bnode.org/blog/2009/07/08/the-semantic-web-not-a-piece-of-cake

• http://www.thefigtrees.net/lee/blog/2006/11/semantic_web_technologies_in_t.html

• http://teaching-wiki.sti2.at/uploads/3/3d/07_SW-OWL.pdf & http://teaching-wiki.sti2.at/index.php/Semantic_Web

• https://developers.google.com/structured-data/schema-org

• https://tools.wmflabs.org/reasonator/

• https://github.com/semsol/arc2/wiki

• http://aksw.org/Projects/Erfurt.html

• https://forge.typo3.org/projects/extension-semantic

• https://forge.typo3.org/projects/extension-scotty

• http://www.rn.inf.tu-dresden.de/uploads/Studentische_Arbeiten/Diplomarbeit_Kurf%C3%BCrst_Sebastian.pdf

http://lod-cloud.net/

http://bnode.org/blog/2009/07/08/the-semantic-web-not-a-piece-of-cake

http://www.thefigtrees.net/lee/blog/2006/11/semantic_web_technologies_in_t.html

http://teaching-wiki.sti2.at/uploads/3/3d/07_SW-OWL.pdf

http://teaching-wiki.sti2.at/index.php/Semantic_Web

https://developers.google.com/structured-data/schema-org

https://tools.wmflabs.org/reasonator/

https://github.com/semsol/arc2/wiki

http://aksw.org/Projects/Erfurt.html

https://forge.typo3.org/projects/extension-semantic

https://forge.typo3.org/projects/extension-scotty

http://www.rn.inf.tu-dresden.de/uploads/Studentische_Arbeiten/Diplomarbeit_Kurf%C3%BCrst_Sebastian.pdf

Date post:	15-Apr-2017
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