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Mr.Upendra Yadav Mr.Upendra Yadav Deputy Programme Co-ordinator, M.Sc.Nursing ProgrammeDeputy Programme Co-ordinator, M.Sc.Nursing Programme

Department of Child Health NursingDepartment of Child Health Nursing

College of Nursing, B.P.K.I.H.S, Dharan Nepal. College of Nursing, B.P.K.I.H.S, Dharan Nepal.

Feedback: upendrayadav2001@yahoo.com

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Objectives

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Meaning Meaning

The word Nurse originated from the Latin The word Nurse originated from the Latin word Nutrix, meaning to Nourish. word Nutrix, meaning to Nourish.

Nurse - try to cure by special care of Nurse - try to cure by special care of treatment, of an illness or injury treatment, of an illness or injury

Nurse - harbor: maintain (a theory, thoughts, Nurse - harbor: maintain (a theory, thoughts, or feelings) or feelings)

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Meaning (Conti..) Meaning (Conti..)

Nurse - serve as a nurse; care for sick or Nurse - serve as a nurse; care for sick or handicapped people handicapped people

Nurse - treat carefully Nurse - treat carefully

Nurse - one skilled in caring for young Nurse - one skilled in caring for young children or the sick. children or the sick.

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Meaning (Continue..) Meaning (Continue..)

THE Liberal meaning of the word NURSE is;THE Liberal meaning of the word NURSE is;

N- Noble, Neatness.N- Noble, Neatness.

U- Useful, Understanding.U- Useful, Understanding.

R- Regular, Responsible.R- Regular, Responsible.

S- Simple, Sympathetic.S- Simple, Sympathetic.

E- Efficient, EmpatheticE- Efficient, Empathetic

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DEFINITIONDEFINITION

Ellis and Hartley (1992), used this word Ellis and Hartley (1992), used this word origin in describing the nurse a person origin in describing the nurse a person who nourishes, fosters, and protects; a who nourishes, fosters, and protects; a person prepared to take care of sick, person prepared to take care of sick, injured, and aged people. injured, and aged people.

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This definition has general acceptance, This definition has general acceptance, but it does not include the expanding roles but it does not include the expanding roles and functions of the nurse today. and functions of the nurse today.

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NURSING DEFINEDNURSING DEFINED

Since the time of Florence Since the time of Florence Nightingale, who wrote in 1858 Nightingale, who wrote in 1858 that the goal of nursing was “to put that the goal of nursing was “to put the patient in the best condition for the patient in the best condition for nature to act upon him,” nursing nature to act upon him,” nursing leaders have described nursing as leaders have described nursing as both an art and a science. both an art and a science. However, the definition of nursing However, the definition of nursing has evolved over time. has evolved over time.

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ANAANA

The American Nurses Association (ANA), in its The American Nurses Association (ANA), in its Social Policy Statement (ANA, 1995), defined Social Policy Statement (ANA, 1995), defined nursing as “the diagnosis and treatment of nursing as “the diagnosis and treatment of human responses to health and illness” and human responses to health and illness” and provided the following illustrative list of provided the following illustrative list of phenomena that are the focus for nursing care phenomena that are the focus for nursing care and research:and research:

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ANA (Cont..)ANA (Cont..)

Self-care processesSelf-care processes

• • Physiologic and pathophysiologic processes in Physiologic and pathophysiologic processes in areas such as rest, sleep, respiration, areas such as rest, sleep, respiration,

Circulation, reproduction, activity, nutrition, Circulation, reproduction, activity, nutrition, elimination, skin, sexuality, and communicationelimination, skin, sexuality, and communication

• • Comfort, pain, and discomfortComfort, pain, and discomfort

• • Emotions related to experiences of health and Emotions related to experiences of health and illnessillness

• • Meanings ascribed to health and illnessesMeanings ascribed to health and illnesses

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ANA (Cont..)ANA (Cont..)

Decision making and ability to make choicesDecision making and ability to make choices

• • Perceptual orientations such as self-image and Perceptual orientations such as self-image and control over one’s body and environmentscontrol over one’s body and environments

• • Transitions across the life span, such as birth, Transitions across the life span, such as birth, growth, development, and deathgrowth, development, and death

• • Affiliative relationships, including freedom from Affiliative relationships, including freedom from oppression and abuseoppression and abuse

••Environmental systemsEnvironmental systems

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ICNICNThe ICN Definition of Nursing,The ICN Definition of Nursing,  NursingNursing encompasses autonomous and collaborative encompasses autonomous and collaborative care of individuals of all ages, families, groups care of individuals of all ages, families, groups and communities, sick or well and in all settings. and communities, sick or well and in all settings. Nursing includes the promotion of health, Nursing includes the promotion of health, prevention of illness, and the care of ill, disabled prevention of illness, and the care of ill, disabled and dying people. and dying people. Advocacy, promotion of a safe environment, Advocacy, promotion of a safe environment, research, participation in shaping health policy research, participation in shaping health policy and in patient and health systems management, and in patient and health systems management, and education are also key nursing roles.and education are also key nursing roles.

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Virginia Avernal Henderson 1897-Virginia Avernal Henderson 1897-19961996

Definition of nursingDefinition of nursing

Henderson defined nursing in functional terms: Henderson defined nursing in functional terms: "The unique function of the nurse is to assist "The unique function of the nurse is to assist the individual, sick or well, in the performance the individual, sick or well, in the performance of those activities contributing to health or its of those activities contributing to health or its recovery (or to a peaceful death) that he would recovery (or to a peaceful death) that he would perform unaided if he had the necessary perform unaided if he had the necessary strength, will or knowledge. And to do this in strength, will or knowledge. And to do this in such a way as to help him gain independence such a way as to help him gain independence as rapidly as possible." as rapidly as possible."

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Essential Qualities of a Nurse Essential Qualities of a Nurse

Nurse, Should be;Nurse, Should be;

Honest and loyal.Honest and loyal.

Obedient.Obedient.

Cultivate the habit of observation.Cultivate the habit of observation.

have love for the fellowmenhave love for the fellowmen

Be technically competent.Be technically competent.

Courtesy and dignity.Courtesy and dignity.

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Qualities (Conti..)Qualities (Conti..)

Must have Patience and sense of humour.Must have Patience and sense of humour.

Must have optimistic lookMust have optimistic look

Must have Gentleness and quietness.Must have Gentleness and quietness.

Must have sense of responsibility.Must have sense of responsibility.

Must have sound physical and mental health.Must have sound physical and mental health.

Must have economy in using material, energy Must have economy in using material, energy and of time.and of time.

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Functions of nurseFunctions of nurse

Today’s nurse does various functions in the hospital Today’s nurse does various functions in the hospital but main functions are; but main functions are;

To provide basic care to the patient.To provide basic care to the patient.

To observe the patient’s illness.To observe the patient’s illness.

To prevent any complications.To prevent any complications.

To participate in research works related to health.To participate in research works related to health.

To maintain own physical and mental healthTo maintain own physical and mental health

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Functions of nurse (Conti..)Functions of nurse (Conti..)

To administer medications and treatments To administer medications and treatments prescribed by doctor.prescribed by doctor.

To teach the patient and his family regarding To teach the patient and his family regarding prevention of disease and promotion of health.prevention of disease and promotion of health.

To provide comprehensive care to the individual To provide comprehensive care to the individual and community by teaching at various levels.and community by teaching at various levels.

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What skills must the nurse What skills must the nurse possess?possess?

Ability to educate clients

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What skills must the nurse What skills must the nurse possess?possess?

Ability to educate clients

Therapeutic communication

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What skills must the nurse What skills must the nurse possess?possess?

Time management

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What skills must the nurse What skills must the nurse possess?possess?

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InterventionIntervention

Address interventions and the consequences of those interventions

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Evidence-based practiceEvidence-based practice

Theories are testedTheories are tested

Describe client outcomesDescribe client outcomes

Predict client outcomesPredict client outcomes

Cranberry juice, Research, vs. Grandma

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Open SystemOpen System

Nursing Process

Environmental interaction

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