Unit 1: Introduction Measurement and Scientific Notation
Measurements in physics are carried out in SI units, aka the ______________.
Measurement Unit Symbol Length Mass Time Speed
Acceleration Force Energy
Method 1: Converting Units
1. Determine the conversion factor of the _____ units 2. Write the conversion factor as a fraction with the
units you want to change as __________________ 3. Multiply the numbers and cancel the _________
Ex. 1) Convert 165 mm to m
2) Convert 280 g to mg
3) Convert 56 ML to L
Prefixes
Prefix Symbol Factor mega-‐ kilo-‐ hecto-‐ deca-‐ -‐ -‐ -‐
deci-‐ centi-‐ milli-‐ micro-‐ nano-‐
Method 2: Converting Units
1: Find the _______________ 2: Find the ______ of each prefix. 3: Use the ______ ________!
Ex. 1) Convert 165 mm to m
2) Convert 380 cg to mg
3) Convert 24 ML to mL
Units of Time
Unit Symbol Value minute hour day year
Metric / Imperial Conversion Factors
1 inch = 2.54 cm 1 foot = 12 inches 1 m = 3.28 feet 1 yard = 3 feet 1 km = 0.62 miles 1 mile = 5280 feet 1 kg = 2.2 lbs
Measurement & Scientific Notation Practice
1. Convert the following metric measurements:
1000 mg = _____ g 198g = _____ kg
8 mm = _____ cm 160 dm = _____ mm
75 mL = _____ L 6.3 cm = _____ mm
109 Mg = _____ kg 50 cm = _____ dam
5.6 m = _____ cm 250 m = _____ km
5 ML = _____mL 26,000 cm = ____ km
14 km = _____ m 16 cm = _____nm
1 L = _____ mL 65 g = _____ mg
355 mL = _____ L 0.025 m = _____ µm
2. Convert the following quantities.
a) 565,900 seconds into days b) 17 years into minutes c) 43 miles into feet d) 165 pounds into kilograms e) 100 yards into metres f) 2678 cm into feet g) 60 miles per hour into metres per second h) 130 meters per second into miles per hour i) 1100 feet per second into miles per hour j) 53 yards per hour into inches per secondk) 721 lbs per week into kg per second l) 88 inches per second into miles per day
3. Write the following numbers in scientific notation:
a) 5,500,000,000
b) 780
c) 0.091
d) 0.000003004
4. Write the following numbers in regular notation:
a) 5.5 x 10-‐4
b) 7.1 x 106
c) 1.0 x 103
5. Compute the following:
a) 103 x 105 b) 4 x 10-‐3 x 5 x 10-‐5 c) 10-‐3 x 105 d) (8.0 x 105)(1.2 x 108) e) 103 ÷ 105 f) (2.3 x 10-‐3) ÷ (1.0 x 10-‐5) g) 10-‐3 ÷ 105 h) (3 x 108)2
When converting between m/s and km/h remember the magic number:
Scientific Notation
Ex:
32 000 000 à
0.00000436 à
Multiple Conversions
When converting multiple units, change one unit at a time using its conversion factor
1) Convert 90 km/h to m/s 2) Convert 24 m/s to km/h
-‐ Move the decimal point until only...
-‐ The # of spaces moved is the...
-‐ Move left and the exponent is _______
-‐Move right and the exponent is _______
Unit 1: Introduction Math Review
Algebra Review
1. Solve each formula for the variable indicated. a) A = lw, “w” b) A = 1/2 bh, “h” c) g = a + w, “a” d) P = s – e, “s” e) v = u + at, “u” f) W = R + Ht, “t”
2. Solve for the variable indicated.
a) d = vt + ½at2 , solve for “a” b)
€
C =nEnr +R
, solve for “E” c)
€
F =mnd2
solve for “n”
3. The formula for the circumference of a circle is C = πd, where π = 3.14. a) Solve the formula for d. b) Canada’s largest tree is a Douglas fir on Vancouver Island. Its circumference is 12.54 m. Use the
formula for find the diameter of Canada’s largest tree to the nearest thousandth.
4. Density can be calculated by the formula D = m / V, where D = density, m = mass and V = volume. Find the mass of: a) 55.2 cm3 of aluminum (DAl = 2.70 g/cm3) b) 82.3 cm3 of mercury (DHg = 11.4 g/cm3)
5. The temperature below the Earth’s surface, T, in degrees Celsius, is given by the formula: T = 10d + 20, where d is the depth in kilometers. a) The deepest hole in the Earth is a test-‐drilling hole in Russia. At the bottom of the hole the
temperature is expected to reach 170˚C. Estimate the depth of the drilling.
b) Estimate the depth of a mine in which the temperature is 420˚C.
Ex: 1. Solve for “a”à F = ma 2. Solve for “t” à v = d/t 3. Solve for “c” à E = mc2 4. Solve for “u” à v2 = u2 +2ad
Ex: 1. Solve for “d” given that v = d/t
� v = 36 m/s and t = 8.0 s
2. Solve for “m” given that F = ma � F = 150 N and a = 2.50 m/s2
1a) 𝑤 = !! b ) ℎ = !!
! c) a = g – w d) s= P + e e) u = v – at f) 𝑡 = !!!
! 2. a) 𝑎 = !(!!!")
!! b) 𝐸 = !(!"!!)
! c) 𝑛 = !!!
! 3. a) 𝑑 = !
! b) 3.99 m
4a) 149 g b) 938 g 5. a) 15 km b) 40 km
____________________ is the basic language of physics.
When working with equations _____________________ for the unknown variable first, then substitute your known variables
Trigonometry
Trigonometry
Draw Diagrams. Show work. Round off all answers to one decimal place. 1. The angle of elevation of the summit from the bottom of the lift at Snow Bowl is 33˚. If a skier rides 1000
m on this lift to the summit, what is the vertical distance between the bottom of the lift and the summit? 2. The angle of depression (below the horizontal) of an aircraft carrier from an approaching airplane is 52.2˚.
If the plane is 700 m above level of the deck of the carrier, how far away is the plane from the carrier? 3. The navigator on a bomber finds that the angle of depression of a target 4.00 km away is 11.4˚. At what
altitude is the plane flying? 4. Billy's kite has a string 40 m long and is flying 27 m above his eye level. Find the angle of elevation of the
kite. 5. At an airport, cars drive down a ramp 96 m long to reach the lower level baggage-‐claim area 13 m below
the main level. What angle does the ramp make with the ground at the lower level? 6. A pendulum 40 cm long is moved 30˚ from the vertical. How high is the lower end of the pendulum lifted? 7. The angle of depression of the top of Billings Building from the roof of the Wolcott Building (in the same
vertical plane) is 33.10˚, and from the 15th floor it is 21.50˚. If the distance between the roof and the 15th floor is 101 m, how far apart are the buildings?
® Pythagorean Theorem
® The Trig Relationships
Ex. Solve the following triangle
1. 544 m 2. 886 m 3. 0.791 km 4. 42° 5. 7.8° 6. 5.36 cm 7. 392 m
Angle of Elevation:
Angle of Depression:
Unit 1: Introduction Significant Figures
Accuracy: Precision:
The Sig Fig Rules
1) All non-‐zero numbers…
Ex: 321 has ______ sig figs
2) Zeroes that occur…
Ex: 1001 has ______ sig figs
3) In a non-‐decimal number…
Ex: 5200 has ______ sig figs
4) Zeroes to the left…
Ex: 0.0085 has ______ sig figs
5) In a decimal number…
Ex: 0.2500 has ______ sig figs
• When making a measurement, the last digit is always ______________ • All recorded data is considered ____________, however the last digit is deemed _______________. • A measuring instrument generally has a precision of…
In physics we will be taking measurements and using a lot of numbers for calculations. However, we have to be aware of significant figures (sig figs) because every measurement has a certain degree of uncertainty.
Examples: How many sig figs are in each number?
1) 1500 2) 2021 3) 0.34 4) 0.0039
5) 50 000 6) 0.800 7) 0.000360 8)1200.00
Multiplying and Dividing
When multiplying or dividing numbers, our final answer is always …
Ex: 350 x 1.15 =
200.0 x 150 =
0.002695 x 100 =
Adding and Subtracting
When adding or subtracting numbers, the final answer is always …
Ex: 25 + 57.65 =
0.6851 – 0.337 =
5.024 – 5.01 =
Significant Figures Activity
1) Counting sig figs: write down the number of sig figs each piece of data has:
a) 0.0021 m d) 410 kg
b) 200,000 m3 e) 0.0002 s
c) 21.200 s f) 91.0001 m2
2) Multiplication with sig figs:
a) 92.45 m ·∙ 1.01 m = e) 0.00698 m2 ·∙ 100 cm =
b) 0.0024 N ·∙ 4.24 s = f) 2001 kg ·∙ 12.6 m/s =
c) 4000 kg ·∙ 2.001 m/s g) 610 N ·∙ 4002 s =
3) Division with sig figs:
a) 12 m ÷ 31.2 s = d) 1800 kg ÷ 410 s =
b) 69.4 kg ÷ 38.888 s = e) 0.102 m ÷ 100 ms =
c) 0.012 m2 ÷ 0.0002 s = f) 1001 m3 ÷ 40 ks =
4) Addition and subtraction with sig figs:
a) 14 m + 12.2 m = d) 69.45 s + 19.3 s =
b) 0.012 kg + 1.0046 kg – 0.0064 kg = e) 200.1 m – 128.28 m =
c) 12.46 kg + 9.82 kg – 6.666 kg =
5) Chain calculations with sig figs: round off to the appropriate number of sig figs at the end!
a) (0.045 m ·∙ 9.92 kg) ÷ 16.86 s =
b) (9000 m ·∙ 4.01 m) ·∙ 1.002 m =
c) (0.21 m ·∙ 6.23 s) ·∙ 1.002 m =
d) (18.01 m ·∙ 0.41 m) ÷ (14.62 kg ·∙ 12 s) =
Unit 1: Introduction Graphing
Direct Relationship
Finding Slope
To find the slope of a straight line:
• Choose… • Choose them as… • Use only…
Determine the slope and y-‐intercept of the graph shown and write the equation describing this line.
Graphing Rules • Label the axis Ø _______________________ variable on the x-‐axis Ø _______________________ variable on the y-‐axis
• Give the graph an ______________________
________________________. • Scale each axis Ø Use… Ø Choose a scale that is… Ø • Plot the points and draw a __________________
_______ ____________.
Remember the equation of a line is:
0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6
Graphs of Wrath
Mr. House was interested in seeing the relationship between the variables velocity and time. He took three souped-up Hot Wheels cars and ran them through an extensive timing circuit. Here are three sets of data recorded in Mr. House’s secret laboratory lair:
Car 1 Car 2 Car 3 Time (s) Velocity (m/s) Time (s) Velocity (m/s) Time (s) Velocity (m/s)
0 0 0 0 0 0 5 6 5 10 5 3 10 12 10 17 10 7 15 16 15 25 15 11 20 23 20 33 20 14 25 30 25 42 25 19 30 34 30 51 30 22 35 40 35 67 35 25 40 46 40 73 40 30 45 55 45 81 45 34 50 62 50 89 50 39
Your challenge as Mr. House’s assistant/lackey is to provide a beautiful graph of all three sets of data on only ONE piece of graph paper (Mr. House’s lab is a bit budget). Follow the steps like we did in our notes and you will be fine. You MUST have all data fit on your graphs, so you will have to make some tough decisions about your variable range on the axes. Also, use as much space as possible. Make sure your graph is readable and all your labeling and calculations are on the graph as well.
Unit 1: Introduction The Quadratic Formula
Quadratic Formula Activity
Solve each of the equations below using the quadratic formula. Determine solution(s) to 2 decimals where necessary.
a. x2 – 8x + 16 = 0 b. 2x2 + x – 5 = 0 c. x2 – 5x – 1= 0 d. 3x2 + 7x = – 4
e. x2 – 64 = 0 f. 27 – r2 = 0 g. 3t2 – 2t – 3 = 0 h. 4m2 = 6m +3
i. – 2 (x + 1)2 = – 2 j. 0.1a2 + 0.14a – 23 = 0 k. 10 1631 1
xx x
+ =− −
Solutions
a. 4 b. 1.35 or –1.85 c. 5.19 or – 0.19 d. – 1 or –1.33 e. ± 8 f. ± 5.20
g. 1.39 or –0.72 h. 1.90 or –0.40 i. 0 or – 2 j. 14.48 or –15.88 k. 2 or –1
If the quadratic equation is in the form
𝑎𝑥! ± 𝑏𝑥 ± 𝑐 = 0 , the quadratic formula is:
Solve using the quadratic formula. Determine solution(s) to 2 decimals where necessary.
a) 3𝑥! + 5𝑥 − 2 = 0 b) 𝑥! = 2𝑥 + 1 c) 3𝑥! = −9 d) !!= !!!
!"
Any quadratic equation can be solved using something called…