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Measuring GHGEmissions

Energizing Cleaner Production

Management Course

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Session Agenda:

GHG types and sources

GHG Indicator to calculateemissions

GHG accounting and reporting

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task 1a: Meeting with top management

task 1b: Form a Team and inform staff

task 1c: Pre-assessment to collect general information

task 1d: Select focus areas

task 1e: Prepare assessment proposal for top management approval

Step 1: Planning and Organization

task 2a: Staff meeting and training

task 2b: Prepare focus area flow charts

task 2c: Walkthrough of focus areas

task 2d: Quantify inputs and outputs and costs to establish a baseline

task 2e: Quantify losses through a material and energy balance

Step 2: Assessment

task 3a: Determine causes of losses

task 3b: Identify possible options

task 3c: Screen options for feasibility analysis

Step 3: Identification of Options

task 4a: Technical, economic and environmental evaluation of opt ions

task 4b: Rank feasible options for implementation

task 4c: Prepare implementation and monitoring proposal for top

management approval

task 5a: Implement options and monitor results

task 5b: Evaluation meeting with top management

Step 5: Implementation and Monitoring of Options

task 6a: Prepare proposal to continue with energy efficiency for top

management approval

Step 6: Continuous Improvement

Step 4: Feasibility Analysis of Options

task 1a: Meeting with top management

task 1b: Form a Team and inform staff

task 1c: Pre-assessment to collect general information

task 1d: Select focus areas

task 1e: Prepare assessment proposal for top management approval

Step 1: Planning and Organization

task 2a: Staff meeting and training

task 2b: Prepare focus area flow charts

task 2c: Walkthrough of focus areas

task 2d: Quantify inputs and outputs and costs to establish a baseline

task 2e: Quantify losses through a material and energy balance

Step 2: Assessment

task 3a: Determine causes of losses

task 3b: Identify possible options

task 3c: Screen options for feasibility analysis

Step 3: Identification of Options

task 4a: Technical, economic and environmental evaluation of opt ions

task 4b: Rank feasible options for implementation

task 4c: Prepare implementation and monitoring proposal for top

management approval

task 5a: Implement options and monitor results

task 5b: Evaluation meeting with top management

Step 5: Implementation and Monitoring of Options

task 6a: Prepare proposal to continue with energy efficiency for top

management approval

Step 6: Continuous Improvement

Step 4: Feasibility Analysis of Options

But first

In what step(s)of themethodologyis (energy and)GHG

measurementrelevant?

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GHG types and sources:

Greenhouse Gases

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GHG types and sources:

GHG sources

Industrial sources Fuel use

Electricity use

Industrial processes Transport

Non-industry and natural sources Volcanoes

Cattle

Forest fires

Others

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Sources of GHG: industrial processes

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GHG Indicator

Based on UNEP/IPCC methodologyfor GHG emission calculations

Provides common method for reporting

GHG emissions

Used by organizations to calculate

GHG emissions from energy use and

other sources

Used by Governments to translate

national GHG targets (e.g. Kyoto

Protocol) to industrial targets

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GHG Indicator:Methodology

2. Electricityuse

1. Fuel use

4. Transport

3. Industrialprocesses

Raw data Conversion Aggregation Normalisation

GHGemission factor

TotalGHG

emissions

NormalisedGHG

emissions

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GHG Indicator:1. Fuel Use

Fuel Annual FuelConsumption(Tons)

EmissionFactor tCO2

t CO2-equivalent

Coal 500 X 1.85 = 925

Refinerystock

3502 X 3.25 = 11382

Petroleumcoke

45 X 3.09 = 139

TOTAL 4047 12446

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GHG Indicator:2. Electricity Use

Exported electricity is not included in

the total

Electricity Annualelectricityconsumption(kWh)

EmissionFactor tCO2

t CO2equivalent

Imported 1,000,000 X 0.000618 = 61.80

Exported 100,000 X 0.000618 = 6.18

TOTAL 900,000 55.62

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GHG Indicator:3. Industrial Processes

CO2 is released when lime is burned

Emissionsource

Annualconsumption(tonnes)

EmissionFactor tCO2

t CO2equivalent

CFC 11 0.1 X 3400 = 340Lime 10,000 X 0.396 = 3960

TOTAL 4300

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GHG Indicator:4. Transport

Transportmode

Annual travel(km)

EF tCO2 /km

t CO2equivalent

Car

Petrol

20,000 0.00019 = 3.8

Car

Diesel

100,000 0.00016 = 16

Train 150,000 0.00034 = 51

TOTAL 270,000 70.8

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GHG Indicator:Aggregation

Source t CO2equivalent

1 Fuel use 12446

2 Electricity use 55.62

3 Industrial process 4300

4 Transport 70.8

TOTAL 16872

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GHG Indicator:

Normalisation

Normalisingfactor

Annualfigures

t CO2 Normalisedt CO2

Turnover $ 20,000,000 16872 0.000844

Added value $ 500,00016872

0.033744

Employees 500 16872 33.744

Units ofproduction

1,350,000tonnes

16872 0.012498

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GHG Indicator:

Reporting

Year Total tCO2

Production(tonnes)

Normalisedt CO2

1990 16872 1,350,000 0.012498

1991 18823 1,500,000 0.012549

.

2002 24267 2,000,000 0.012134

43.8% 2.9%

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GHG Indicator:

GHG Indicators by sector

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GHG Indicator Quiz

Lets test what you have learnt!

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GHG Accounting and Reporting

Reasons for GHG accounting andreporting

Internal reporting to measure progress

against targets & identify EE opportunities

Legal requirement to report

Voluntary reporting under programs

Public environmental / CSR reports Emissions trading schemes

CDM or JI

Other

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GHG Accounting and Reporting

The GHG Protocol lists 5accounting & reporting principles:

Relevance Completeness

Consistency

Transparency Accuracy

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GHG Accounting and Reporting:

Relevance

Define boundaries:

Organizational structures

Operational boundaries Business context

Specific inclusions / exclusions

A multinational operates a plant but owns

only 60% of shares

Do you count 100% or 60% of emissions?

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GHG Accounting and Reporting:

Completeness

Include all GHG sources & activities

Fuel use

Electricity use Industrial processes

Transport

Sometimes companies do not include all

emission sources / activities

Can you think of reasons why?

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#

GHG Accounting and Reporting:

Completeness (cont.)

Direct and Indirect Emissions of a Company

Source: GHG Protocol, www.ghgprotocol.org, adapted from NZBSCD

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GHG Accounting and Reporting:

Consistency

Meaningful comparison ofemissions over time

Production changes

Process changes

Acquisitions, mergers, sales

Outsourcing

Why is it important that GHG emissions be

compared between different years?

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GHG Accounting and Reporting:

Transparency

It is clear how emissions werecalculated (audit trail)

Measurements

Assumptions Calculation methods

References

Exclusions or inclusions

Who makes use of the audit trail of data?

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GHG Accounting and Reporting:

Transparency (cont.)

320 Reporting Units: Complete standard pro-forma spreadsheet every

quarter: emissions & forecasts Account for variances

Use BPs GHG Reporting Guidelines

Corporate Team Check quality of incoming data Compile data Analyze emission inventory and forecast against BPs

GHG target

Independent External Auditors Review of inventory Provide assurance on data quality & accuracy

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GHG Accounting and Reporting:

Accuracy

Data must be materially accurate

Measurement methods

Calculation methods

Aggregation and reporting

What can a company do to improve data

accuracy?

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Minimum information to be reported

Company and inventory boundary

Organizational boundaries

Operational boundaries

Reporting period

GHG Accounting and Reporting:Reporting Emissions

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Minimum information to be reported

Information on emissions Direct (scope 1) and indirect (scope 2)

emissions total and separate Emissions for 6 GHGs

Current and base year emissions

Significant changes since base year

Direct CO2 emissions from biologicallysequestered carbon

Methodologies for calculation/measurement

Specific exclusions

GHG Accounting and Reporting:Reporting Emissions (cont.)

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Verification is objective assessment of Accuracy and completeness of GHG

information

Conformity to GHG accounting and reportingprinciples

Why verification?

Increased credibility of reported emissions Increased senior management confidence

Improved accounting & reporting

Preparation for mandatory verification

requirements

GHG Accounting and Reporting:Verification of GHG Emissions

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GHG emission accounting andreporting increasingly important

GHG Indicator useful tool to calculateGHG emissions

Dont assume data company gives you

are accurate and complete!! (think of

the 5 principles)

Verification improves the credibility /reliability of GHG data

Summary

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Measuring GHG

Emissions

Thank you for your attention!

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This training session was prepared as part of the

development and delivery of the course Energizing

Cleaner Production funded by InWent, Internationale

Weiterbildung und Entwicklung (Capacity Building

International, Germany)and carried out by the United

Nations Environment Programme (UNEP)

The session is based on UNEPs The GHG Indicator

(www.uneptie.org/energy/tools/ghgin/index.htm) andthe WBCSD/WRIs The GHG Protocol- A Corporate

Accounting and Reporting Standard, revised edition

(www.ghgprotocol.org)

Acknowledgements