12
MECHANICAL ENGINEERING
AS PER THE SYLLABUS PRESCRIBED BY RTU-2008
MECHANICAL ENGINEERING
Class - B.Tech. 2nd Semester
Unit Contents of the Subject
I
Basic Concepts • Thermodynamic systems, properties, work and heat
Working Fluids • Calculation of properties of air as ideal gas for various thermodynamic processes.
First and Second Laws of Thermodynamics • First Law of thermodynamics: Non-flow and flow energy equations • Second law statements, Carnot cycle
II
Internal Combustion Engines • Otto and Diesel cycle, thermal efficiency calculations • Classification, two and four stroke engines, construction and working of petrol and diesel
engines Gas Turbine Plants
• Ideal Bryton cycle, thermal efficiency calculations • Applications of gas turbine plants
III
Steam Power Plant • Classification of stem generators • Construction and working of simple vertical, Babcock & Wilcox and La Mont boiler • Layout and working of steam power plant
Refrigeration and Air-conditioning • Elementary concepts of refrigeration and air-conditioning • Vapour compression cycle, working principle and schematic diagrams of refrigerators,
air coolers, air conditioners and ice plants
IV
Manufacturing Processes • Classification, principle of working, specification, applications of various machine tools,
lathe, drilling, shaper and milling machines • Basic descriptions and applications of hot and cold working processes, forging, bending,
shearing, drawing and extrusion
V
Foundry • Types of Pattern and allowances, Moulding Materials and Properties of Moulding Sand,
Foundry Tools & equipments, Processes of Green Sand Moulding Welding
• Gas welding: Principle and working of Oxy-acetylene Welding, Gas welding flames • Arc welding: Principle and working, TIG, MIG, Submerged arc & Plasma arc • Soldering and brazing
MECHANICAL ENGINEERING
(As per the syllabus prescribed by RTU, 2008)
R.K. PUROHIT Department of Mechanical Engineering
M.B.M. Engineering College, J.N.V. University, Jodhpur
Published by: Pawan Kumar Scientific Publishers (India) 5-A, New Pali Road, P.O. Box 91 Jodhpur - 342 001 (Raj.) Tel.: +91-291-2433323 Fax.: + 91-291-2512580 E-mail: [email protected] www.scientificpub.com © Purohit, R.K., 2008 ISBN: 978-81-7233-536-6 eISBN: 978-93-8791-316-5 Lasertype set: Rajesh Ojha Printed in India
PREFACE
It gives me immense pleasure in placing this book Mechanical
Engineering in the hands of B.Tech. First Year, Second Semester students of
Rajasthan Technical University (RTU).
The book is in communicable language which exposes the subject in a
lucid manner. There are numerous illustrate examples to support theoretical
enunciation of basic concepts. Theory is explained in a very simple language.
Lots of illustrative examples are incorporated to enable the students to
thoroughly master the subject. I am sure, they should be better equipped to
face RTU examination with confidence.
My publisher Shri Pawan Kumar deserves my thanks for making this
publication possible in a record time.
I express my deep gratitude to my father late Professor B.K. Purohit
(Structural Engineering), who tirelessly worked throughout his life as a true
teacher, a simple man possessing insatiable thirst for knowledge.
16-01-2008 R.K. PUROHIT
CONTENTS
Preface v
Unit 1
1. Basic Concepts Related to Thermodynamics 1
2. The First Law of Thermodynamics 21
3. The Second Law of Thermodynamics and Entropy 84
Unit 2
4. Otto, Diesel and Dual Cycles 157
5. Gas Turbines 198
6. Internal Combustion Engines 218
Unit 3
7. Steam Generators 313
8. Boiler Mountings and Accessories 325
9. Refrigeration and Air Conditioning 353
Unit 4
10. Machine Tools 405
11. Manufacturing Processes 436
Unit 5
12. Foundry 467
13. Welding, Brazing and Soldering 490
UNIT — 1
