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etc. The most common conveyor used in agricultural and food processing engineering are belt

conveyor, bucket conveyor and pneumatic conveyor. *1+

s for the belt conveyor, it is either flat or troughed and are often used for transporting materials

over long distances. lat conveyors are usually used to move bulky packages or bo"ed goods,and on the other hand, troughed conveyors usually transport loose items such as aggregates or

solid fuel. Belt conveyors are generally consisting of a metal frame with rollers at either end of a

flat metal bed. The belt is looped around each of the rollers and when one of the rollers is

powered by an electrical motor/. The powered pulley is called the drive pulley while the

unpowered pulley is called the idler pulley. conveyer belt can be a slide and be controlled by

the force of gravity.

There are a few parameters that that can be used to check on the performance of the beltconveyor such as the peripheral force, material discharge rate, and material efficiency. *#+ The

ob0ectives of this e"periment are to study the operation of belt conveyors by the mean of

measuring the parameters involved.

2. MATERIALS AND METHODS

2.1. Apparatus

The apparatus that have been used in this e"periment are conveyor machine set,

measuring tape, tachometer, balance and stopwatch.

2.2. Metho s

irstly, a #$$g of the mung beans is weighed by using weighing scale. The sprocket pitch

diameter, belt width and belt length of conveyor machine is measured and the data is

recorded. Then, the conveyor machine set is turned on with #$ 2 of fre%uency. fter a

few minutes, the speed of conveyor machine is measured in revolution per minutes rpm/

by using tachometer and the data is recorded. 3e"t, the mung beans is placed at the

starting point of conveyor machine and released at the same speed. The time taken is

recorded when the mung beans arrived at the end point of conveyor machine. 4astly, the

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output weight of mung beans is weighed and the data is recorded. The same steps are

repeated for 5$ 2, 6$ 2 and $ 2 of fre%uency.

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!. RESULT AND DISCUSSION

7nce of the primary elements in understanding the reactions that take place in a flat belt

drive, as well as being a crucial factor in the calculation of the tensile forces therein, is the

peripheral force. or the calculation of the peripheral force u/, if the power to be transmitted8 in k!/ is known'

If the peripheral force u/ is known, the tensile force occurring within the belt can be

calculated for conveyor applications.

!hen the belt is operating there will be an elongation proportional to ma" traction load. It

can be calculated by'

By this e"periment, the material efficiency shows are from the input and output material,

which can be calculated material efficiency using'

ccording to the result in Table 1, the material efficiency obtained at the end of the

e"periment shows that the valid result since the average percentage in the range of 9 : -

;$:. or conveyor speed # ;.5 rpm at #$ 2 of fre%uency, the material efficiency is <5:.

!hile material efficiency <#.5: when the speed at 5;9 rpm. !hen the conveyor speed

increase to # .6 rpm for 6$ 2 the material efficiency drops to 9;.5 :. There is no a huge

difference in the material efficiency. =ince there is an increase in speed, the material

efficiency decreases. This is due to the value of the output of mung beans obtained was

slightly drop from the input which is $.# kg. or the fre%uency of $ 2, the speed of

conveyor increases to > 5.9 rpm. The material efficiency also increases to <9.;:. This is due

to the error in the e"periment where the container used to collect mung beans at the end of the

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conveyor has been replaced with other container that increases in width. =o, the losses can be

reduced, but should the same container be used until the end of the e"periment.

Table 1' values obtained from the e"periment

re%uency, 2 8eripheral force,

3

Material discharge rate, g?s Material efficiency,

:#$ 2 95>.>$ 3 #>.95 g?s <5.$$ :5$ 2 6<1.11 3 6#.#1 g?s <#.5$ :6$ 2 5>5. 5 3 #.$5 g?s 9;.5 :

$ 2 #;#.1< 3 ><.16 g?s <9.;$ :

Based on the conveyor speed and the material efficiency result, it shows an increasing value

as shown in igure 1. Theoretically, the graph should show decreasing value, since the speedof conveyor will affect the material efficiency.

igure 1' graph of conveyor speed against material efficiency.

Based on the results, the error occur due to the e"perimental error include human

error, systematic error and random error or error caused by environmental conditions or other unpredictable factors. 7ther than that, the machine used also a little bit old where some

defects were detected such as the conveyor belt taking a little longer to stop making the

outcome of the e"periment to be affected. 7ther than that, there were some mung bean that

stuck at the side of the belting conveyor that reduce the output of the conveyor. Tus, the

e"periment design and apparatus should be performing at its optimum condition so that the

e"periment could seeks to minimi2e e"perimental error, in order to produce the

most accurate data possible.

". CONCLUSION

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Belting conveyer is one of the simplest conveyer in transporting the bulk materials but not

very suitable for the grains which is in granular si2e. This is because of the loss during the

transportation of the grains looks higher. owever, that loss can be overcome with

improvement on the belt conveyer because from the e"periment, the grains loss only to the

side of conveyer. Besides that, the e"periment shows that higher speed of belt conveyer

giving better result since the loss is reducing. =o, with improvement, this conveyer could give

better results.

#. RE$ERENCES*1+$ON%&N N%A' B '%&N()B '%&N( *O+ A(+O &ND!S%+ . 15 5, #$1>/. @etrieved

from www.conveyorbeltworld.com' http'??www.conveyorbeltworld.com?belting-agro-industry.html

*#+ nanth, &. 3., @akesh, A., Aisweswarao, 8. &. #$ 6, #$11/. D S&(N ANDS ' $%&N( %- #+O# + $ON O+)B '%. @etrieved fromwww.technical0ournalsonline.com' http'??www.technical0ournalsonline.com?i0eat?A74:#$IA?IC DT:#$A74:#$IA:#$I==ED:#$II:#$ 8@I4:#$CE3D:#$#$15?Aol:#$IA:#$Issue:#$II:#$ rticle:#$1#.pdf

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%. A&&ENDI'

F T = DDT

Belt width ' #$.;cm Frive power ' 1. k!

Belt length ' 5;1.9cm " # d 1 ' 1 cm 0unction at fre%uency

bo"/

Input weight ' #$$g ' .5cm

3o.

fre%uency/

)onveyor speed rpm/ Time

taken s/

Input

weight

g/

7utput

weight

g/1 # 5 verage

#$ 2 #65.9 #>9.> #>>.> # ;.5 >.#1 #$$ 1>>.$5$ 2 5;5.6 5;<. 5;;.# 5;9.$ 5.;$ #$$ 1>6.>6$ 2 #>.9 #1.$ #<. # .6 5.$ #$$ 1 <.9

$ 2 >6;. > <.6 > 5.5 > 5.9 #. < #$$ 19 .<

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Ma" traction load ' 15> $ 3

Fepend on type of belt ' &evlar

Fepend on width of belt ' #$; mm

Ma" traction load F

P

2 J E . ) = /

#$ 215> $

736.6

2 J 95>.> "

1.6 /

15> $ 15;;. 6 3

5$ 215> $

481.11

2 J 6<1.11 "

1.6 /

15> $ ;16.11 3

6$ 215> $

363.53

2 J 5>5. 5 "

1.6 /

15> $ ;>$.9 3

$ 215> $

292.18

2 J #;#.1< "

1.6 /

15> $ .16 3

)alculation for elongation proportional to ma". traction load'

K Gԑ

F U

. 4

max .traction load

re%uency, 2 )alculation K ԑ

#$ 2K Gԑ

736.60 x 4

13650 $.##

5$ 2 K ԑ G481.11 x 4

13650 $.16

6$ 2 K ԑ G363.53 x 4

13650 $.11

$ 2 K ԑ G292.18 x 4

13650 $.$;

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Material discharge rate

Material discharge rate G Material dischargeweight

Time taken

re%uency, 2 )alculation Material discharge rate, g?s#$ 2

G1.66

6.01 #>.95 g?s

5$ 2G

164.6

3.9 6#.#1 g?s

6$ 2G

158.7

3.05 #.$5 g?s

$ 2G

175.8

2.58 ><.16 g?s

Material efficiency

Lmaterial Goutput input " 1$$

re%uency, 2 )alculation Material efficiency, :

#$ 2 Lmaterial G166.0

200 " 1$$ <5.$$ :

5$ 2 Lmaterial G164.6

200 " 1$$ <#.5$ :

6$ 2 Lmaterial G158.7

200 " 1$$ 9;.5 :

$ 2 Lmaterial G175.8

200 " 1$$ <9.;$ :