Date post: | 13-Jul-2015 |
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Mechanization in Agriculture
By: R. NANDA KUMAR,
MECHANICAL 5TH SEM,
IT GGV, BILASPUR.
Mechanization
Every machine is constructed for thepurpose of performing certainmechanical operations, each of whichsupposes the existence of two otherthings besides the machine inquestion, namely, a moving power,and an object subject to theoperation, which may be termed thework to be done. Machines, in fact,are interposed between the power andthe work, for the purpose of adaptingthe one to the other.
History
AGRICULTURAL MECHANIZATION
Agricultural Mechanization is machinery used in the operation of an agricultural area or farm.
Many advancements in farming techniques and tools have been manifested since agriculture's beginnings thousands of years ago. The greatest strides have occurred in the last three hundred years.
A substantial contribution to agriculture has been the escalation from manual and stock-animal labor to steam-and then gas-powered implements.
In 1900 farmers represented 38
percent of the U.S. labor force. By the
end of the century that number had
plunged to 3 percent—dramatic
evidence of the revolution in
agriculture brought about by
mechanization.
1902 First U.S. factory for tractors
driven by an internal combustion
Advantages of Mechanization
Substitute for labour Labour is too expensive to do everything
(in developed countries) Compensate for labour peaks (i.e.
harvest) Labour skills and strengths often
inadequate for large scale production and materials handling
Amenity reasons (often repetitive dirty tasks)
Attract or retain farm staff Increase productivity of farm staff.
Disadvantages of
Mechanization Redundancy - machinery for labour
substitution
Cost - finance, fuel etc.
Often needs highly skilled operator,
increased wages
Often doesn't live up to expectations
Health and safety
Environmental costs
Agriculture Mechanization
Agriculture machinery can be divided
into following groups
A) Farm machinery
B) Irrigation Engineering
C) Drain Engineering
Tractor
A tractor is an engineering
vehicle specifically designed to deliver
a high tractive effort (or torque) at slow
speeds, for the purposes of hauling
a traileror machinery used
in agriculture or construction.
The word tractor was taken from Latin,
being the agent noun of trahere "to
pull".
Tractor configurations
Tractors can be generally classified
as two-wheel drive, two-wheel drive
with front wheel assist, four-wheel
drive (often with articulated steering),
or track tractors (with either two or four
powered rubber tracks).
A modern 4-wheel drive farm tractor
Farm tractor applications
The farm tractor is used for pulling or
pushing agricultural machinery or
trailers, for plowing, tilling, disking,
harrowing, planting, and similar tasks.
Tillage implement
Tillage is the agricultural preparation
of soil by mechanical agitation of
various types, such as digging,
stirring, and overturning.
Classification of tillage implements
Primary Tillage implements
Secondary Tillage Implements
Primary Tillage implements
Mould board Plough
Disc Plough
Reversible or One-way Plough
SPECIAL PLOUGHS Subsoil Plough
Chisel Plough
Rotary Plough
Basin Lister
Spraying Equipment
Hand-operated hydraulic sprayers
(knapsack sprayers)
Power-operated hydraulic sprayers
(tractor-mounted sprayers)
Air carrier sprayers (mist blowers)
Electrodyne sprayers (electrostatic
sprayers)
Birky sprayers (Birky knapsack sprayers)
Controlled-droplet application sprayers
Dusters
Harvesting machine
Combine Harvesting
The combine harvester, or simply combine, is a machine that harvests grain crops. The name derives from its combining three separate operations comprising harvesting—reaping, threshing, and winnowing—into a single process. Among the crops harvested with a combine are wheat, oats, rice, barley, corn (maize), soybeans and flax (linseed).
BACKHOE
This farm machinery in agriculture is
backhoe. A backhoe, also called a
rear actor, back actor or JCB, is a
piece of excavating equipment
consisting of a digging bucket on the
end of an articulated arm (also called
a stick or dipper).
COMBINE
A combine is a farm machine that
combines the tasks of harvesting
,threshing and cleaning grain plants.
One of farm machinery in agriculture
are planters and seeders. Planters
and seeders are mechanical devices
that automatically plants seeds in the
ground.
PLANTERS AND SEEDERS
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